CN102433763A - Functional fiber, manufacturing method and fabric formed via weaving functional fiber - Google Patents
Functional fiber, manufacturing method and fabric formed via weaving functional fiber Download PDFInfo
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- CN102433763A CN102433763A CN2011102497937A CN201110249793A CN102433763A CN 102433763 A CN102433763 A CN 102433763A CN 2011102497937 A CN2011102497937 A CN 2011102497937A CN 201110249793 A CN201110249793 A CN 201110249793A CN 102433763 A CN102433763 A CN 102433763A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a functional fiber, a manufacturing method of the functional fiber and fabric formed via weaving functional fibers. The function fiber comprises a fiber body, a through hole and a plurality of functional substances, the through hole is arranged in the fiber body along the axial direction, an opening is formed on the surface of the fiber body, and the width of the opening is D1; the diameter of the functional substances is D90, and the functional substances are filled in the through hole; and D1 is less than the diameter D90. Since the fiber body of the functional fiber is provided with a through hole structure in the axial direction, the specific surface area and porosity are large, and more functional substances can be accommodated. Moreover, the functional substances are ''packaged'' in the through hole and have higher functional activity and better effects.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the textile science field, in particular to a kind of functional fiber and manufacturing approach thereof, and by the fabric of this functional fiber braiding.
Background technology
Functional fiber is meant the physical and mechanical properties that has except that general fiber also have the tencel of certain specific function.The appearance of functional fiber is the revolutionary sign of material science, and its development and progress has promoted traditional textile industry rising to high-tech industry.Functional fiber has property at aspects such as physics, chemistry, medical science and biology, has been widely used in multiple field.The physical property function aspects comprises antistatic behaviour, electric conductivity, electromagnetic wave shielding performance of electrical functions etc.; In the calorifics function aspects, have anti-height/low temperature properties, thermal insulation, anti-flammability, thermal sensitivity, accumulation of heat property etc.; Optical function has photoconductivity, anaclasis property, interference of light property, fast light weatherability, polarity and light absorption etc.; In the physical aspect function aspects, have odd-shaped cross section shape, ultra tiny, porous and surface micro fining-off property; At the Surface Physical Chemistry aspect of performance, have characteristics such as selective absorption, separating property; In the chemical function aspects, photodegradation, automatically cleaning, elimination peculiar smell, purifying organic pollutant, catalytic activity function etc. are arranged.Medical science and biology performance aspect are like protective, antibiotic property, antiviral, biocompatibility etc.; Aspect biological function, like hemodialysis's property, bioresorbable and biocompatibility etc.
The technology of the functional synthetic fiber of existing spinning has two kinds: the one, and become fine process to realize functionalization; The 2nd, realize functionalization through the back arrangement.
First kind of prior art normally adopts fusion method spin processes and method of electrostatic spinning.The fusion method spin processes earlier with screw rod with polymer chips with functional materials heating, dispersion, mix, the master batch of extruding pelletization systematic function property, adopt functional master batch and the spinning of polymer chips mixed melting production functional fiber then.
Adopt the functional materials master batch through fusion method spinning functional fiber, the functional materials of most of ratios is embedded in the fiber base material, has only the functional materials of minority ratio to be present in fiber surface.Functions such as the situation that realizes specific function is antibiotic as realizing, antiviral for contacting with external environment, purification and catalysis, obviously there is low, the function intensified problem that improves difficulty of functional materials utilization rate in prior art production; In spinning technique, add functional materials simultaneously and will reduce spinnability.
Second kind of technology is fiber finishing.Chinese patent Granted publication number 100344824 " a kind of functional finishing adjuvant for fabric and methods for making and using sames thereof "; Disclose through containing the method that nanoscale natural fabric powder auxiliary agent is put in order fabric, can improve fabric uvioresistant, infrared enhancing and performance such as antibiotic as the function reagent preparation prescription of main component and some inorganic nanometer functional materials with nanoscale natural fabric particle.China publication CN101525836A " a kind of preparation method of nanometer antibacterial anionic finishing agent "; Disclose a kind of with the presoma premix of anion-generating material with nano-oxide; Prepare finishing agent suspension with ultrasonic dispersion technology; Obtain nanometer antibacterial anionic finishing agent, natural fabric and synthetic fiber are put in order, make fiber obtain anion and antibiotic property function through padding, dry by the fire, bake technology.Fiber finishing technology can adapt to the fiber and the lining of different cultivars, and it is little influenced by subsequent machining technology, and technology is simple.But have functional materials limited problem of load capacity on fiber or fabric, promptly the functional materials content on fiber or the fabric is few, and functional effect is not good; If functional materials combines insecurely with fiber in addition, will produce the functional Problem of Failure of fiber.
Summary of the invention
The present invention aims to provide a kind of functional fiber and manufacturing approach thereof, and is low with functional materials utilization rate in the solution existing capability property fiber, the technical problem that the spinnability of fiber reduces behind the interpolation functional materials.
To achieve these goals, the invention provides a kind of functional fiber, comprise fiber bodies; This functional fiber further comprises: through hole; Along being axially disposed within the fiber bodies of fiber bodies, and at the surface of fiber bodies formation opening, A/F is D1; And diameter is D
90Functional materials, this functional materials is filled in the through hole; Wherein, A/F D1 is less than the diameter D of functional materials
90
Further, fiber bodies is made up of thermoplastic polymer, and thermoplastic polymer is selected from one or more in the group that polyester, polypropylene, polyamide, polyurethane, PLA, polyphenylene sulfide form.
Further; Functional materials has molecule, microcapsules or particle shape, is selected from by having and produces negative oxygen ion, ultra-violet radiation resisting, excites far infrared, antistatic, antibiotic, antiviral, deodorizing, elimination formaldehyde, eliminates organic pollution, decolouring, elimination NO
xAnd SO
xOne or more compounds in the group that the metal of function, nonmetal, inorganic salts, inorganic compounding salt, metal oxide, conductor oxidate, composite metal oxide, composite semiconductor oxide, organic matter, high molecular polymer are formed.
Further; Through hole is processed through the spinnerets of preparation container function fiber; This spinnerets is provided with the spinneret orifice road, is formed with spinneret orifice on the end wall of the spray silk end in spinneret orifice road, and this spinneret orifice is made up of one or more spray silk micropores; Spray silk micropore is the annular that is surrounded by one or more spray silk micropore section, forms first breach that is used to form the container function fiber axis to surface opening at least between the end of spray silk micropore section.
Further, a spray silk micropore is a plurality of, becomes delegation, two row or annular array, and the position of first breach in each spray silk micropore is set to the geometric outside that forms towards by these a plurality of spray silk micropores.
Further, fiber bodies is filament fiber or short fiber.
According to another aspect of the present invention, a kind of method of making above-mentioned functions property fiber is provided, has comprised: through hole is set on the fiber bodies of functional fiber vertically, and it is the opening of D2 that through hole forms width on the surface of fiber bodies; To have diameter D
90Functional materials be filled in the through hole diameter D
90Less than A/F D2; And stretch and/or reverse fiber bodies, make A/F be reduced into D1 by D2, wherein, A/F D1 is less than diameter D
90
Further, width D 2 is 0.05～10 μ m, and width D 1 is 0.01～5 μ m.
Further, employing oils or goes up auxiliary agent technology functional materials is filled in the through hole.
According to a further aspect of the invention, a kind of fabric is provided.This fabric is formed by above-mentioned any functional fiber braiding.
Adopt technical scheme of the present invention,,, can hold greater functionality property material so have very large specific area and macroporosity because fiber bodies has axial through-hole structure; Functional materials has adopted " encapsulation " form, has higher functional activity and better effect; And this special construction can not influence light, heat, electronics and reactant etc. and get in the fiber ducts, and this will significantly strengthen diffusion, mobile, mass transfer, energy exchange and many things field coupling; In addition; Functional fiber provided by the invention has fibre structure and the incorporate characteristic of functional materials; To strengthen functional effect and treatment effeciency further, overcome the defective that existing capability property fiber spinnability reduces, the field of fiber applications is further expanded.
Description of drawings
Figure of description is used to provide further understanding of the present invention, constitutes a part of the present invention, and illustrative examples of the present invention and explanation thereof are used to explain the present invention, does not constitute improper qualification of the present invention.In the accompanying drawings:
Fig. 1 shows the functional fiber partial structurtes sketch map of the specific embodiment of the invention;
Fig. 2 shows the functional fiber hot-stretch of the specific embodiment of the invention 1 and/or reverses preceding fiber partial section;
Fig. 3 show the functional fiber hot-stretch of the specific embodiment of the invention 1 and/or reverse after fiber partial section;
Fig. 4 shows the structural representation of the spinnerets of preparation container function fiber used among the embodiment of the invention 1-8; And
Fig. 5 shows the structural representation according to the spinneret orifice road of the spinnerets of the preparation container function fiber of Fig. 4;
Fig. 6 shows structure and the arrangement mode sketch map according to the spray silk micropore of Fig. 4.
The specific embodiment
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing embodiments of the invention are elaborated, but following embodiment and accompanying drawing only are in order to understanding the present invention, and can not limit the present invention, the multitude of different ways enforcement that the present invention can be defined by the claims and cover.
Functional fiber provided by the invention comprises being arranged on fiber bodies vertically, and on the surface of fiber bodies, forms the through hole of opening, fills and be fixed with functional materials in this through hole.Because the introducing of functional materials and integrated with fibre structure make functional fiber obtain functions such as the physics of functional materials, chemistry, medical science, biology.
As shown in Figure 1; Fiber through-hole structure provided by the invention is " cage type " fiber holes structure, and different " hollow holes " or " surface holes " in the past are the novel pore structures of both characteristics of set; Be characterized in that draw ratio is bigger; Through hole 7 is along fiber axis direction perforating fiber body 3, and through hole 7 has opening 5 on the surface of fiber bodies 3 simultaneously, and the width of opening 5 is D1.As shown in Figure 3, in through hole 7, be filled with functional materials 1.The diameter of this functional materials is D
90, because A/F D1 is less than diameter D
90So functional materials 1 quilt " encapsulation " is in the through hole 7 of fiber bodies 3.Because this encapsulating structure, make functional materials 1 the inner surface enrichment of through hole 7 and with combines securely, have washable and effect impact resistance.
Preferably, functional fiber provided by the invention can be provided with 1～9 through hole 7, forms the multidimensional through-hole structure.The distribution of through hole 7 on fiber bodies 3 cross sections can be evenly, also can be heterogeneous, and more preferably, the diameter of all through holes 7 is suitable.The through hole that on fiber bodies, forms is many more, and specific fiber surface that is provided and voidage are big more, if but after the quantity of through hole surpasses 9, may cause fibre strength significantly to descend, influence follow-up spinning and the weavability ability.
In the specific embodiment provided by the invention, fiber bodies 3 is processed by thermoplastic polymer, and thermoplastic polymer can be selected from one or more in the group that polyester, polypropylene, polyamide, polyurethane, PLA, polyphenylene sulfide form.
In the specific embodiment provided by the invention; Functional materials be selected from have molecule, microcapsules or particle shape, have negative oxygen ion, the ultra-violet radiation resisting of generation, excite far infrared, antistatic, antibiotic, antiviral, deodorizing, elimination formaldehyde, eliminate organic pollution, decolouring, elimination NO
xAnd SO
xOne or more compounds in the group that the metal of function, nonmetal, inorganic salts, inorganic compounding salt, metal oxide, conductor oxidate, composite metal oxide, composite semiconductor oxide, organic matter, high molecular polymer are formed.Above-mentioned functions property material can be anti-ultraviolet nanoparticle, and the ceramic particle of emitting far infrared ray contains the rare earth ore or the natural mineral matter of trace-level activity, inorganic matter antistatic additive such as metal dust, carbon, and siloxane type surfactants contains Ag
+, Cu
2+, Zn
2+Deng inorganic antiseptic, the nano ceramics antiseptic with catalytic activity, the Large ratio surface adsorbent, the deodorant with catalytic activity, must exist at reductant such as NH3 or urea can decomposing N O under the situation
XAnd SO
XMetal oxide, composite metal oxide.Preferably silver ion class antiseptic, nano zine oxide, nanometer titanium sesquioxide, titanium dioxide, the ceramic particle that contains aluminium oxide, tourmaline, opal, bitter earth nano oxide, Co/MnO
xCatalyst particle, activated carbon etc.
In the specific embodiment of the present invention, according to actual needs, fiber can be processed into long filament or short fiber.Spinning can be behind fusion, extruding and coiling, reoils or auxiliary agent, stretching and HEAT SETTING make long filament.Spinning also can be behind melt extruded, coiling or doff, again boundling, oil or auxiliary agent, stretching, curl, heat setting and cut-out make short fiber.
The present invention also provides a kind of method of manufacturing function property fiber, comprising:
The first step: on fiber bodies, make up through hole, make this through hole run through whole fiber bodies, and form opening on the surface of fiber bodies, A/F is D2;
As shown in Figure 2, according to embodiments of the invention, the opening of formation has width D 2, and D2 is greater than the diameter D of functional materials 1
90Particularly, through the control of spinnerets type and spinning technique, structure, shape, the size of control through hole.Preferably, use spinnerets as shown in Figure 4, as shown in Figure 5, the spinneret orifice road 20 on this spinnerets comprises that top and bottom are respectively arranged with the guide hole 21 of guiding funnel structure and the spinneret orifice 22 of the below of the lower end funnel structure that is arranged on guide hole 21.Because guide hole 21 has the guiding funnel structure, make that the resistance when polymer melt gets into spinnerets is less, and the dynamics during the spray silk is bigger, thereby can increases the intensity of fiber, improve quality of fibre.As shown in Figure 6, spinneret orifice 22 is made up of one or more spray silk micropores 221, preferably, is made up of 1～9 spray silk micropore 221, has so both guaranteed the ability of the fiber-loaded functional materials of container function, has guaranteed the spinnability of container function fiber again.This spray silk micropore 221 is the annulars that surrounded by one or more spray silk micropore section 222, forms one first breach d1 at least between the end of spray silk micropore section 222.Wherein, The first breach d1 is meant and can makes the container function fiber of producing through spinnerets of the present invention have the distance of axial surface opening; Usually; The first breach d1 is 0.01～3mm, and greater than the diameter that will be carried on the functional particles in the container function fiber, the container function fiber of producing like this is convenient to packing into of functional materials.With after-drawing and/or reverse the container function fiber, make through hole dwindle at container function fiber surface opening, functional materials is encapsulated in the through hole.When spray silk micropore 221 is a plurality of; Can become delegation, two row or annular array; And the position of the first breach d1 in each spray silk micropore 221 is set to the geometric outside that forms towards by these a plurality of spray silk micropores 221, is convenient to the inside of functional character entering container function fiber.Distance between adjacent spray silk micropore 221 neighboring edges can be between 0.01～1mm, the filament adhesion of being convenient to the processing of spinnerets 10 and preventing to spray.Can also form one or more second breach d2 between the end of spray silk micropore section 222; Wherein, The second breach d2 is meant after polymer melt sprays from adjacent spray silk micropore section 222; Because polymer melt has certain coefficient of expansion, the distance that the polymer melt that adjacent spray silk micropore section 222 is sprayed is sticked together.The fiber assymmetrical deformation that the second breach d2 can prevent that polymer melt ejection back from causing owing to the existence of the first breach d1 is set, so can prevent fiber axis to through-hole structure size and axial surface opening size variation; The second breach d2 of adjacent spray silk micropore 221 certain distance that can stagger, the adhesion during the container function fiber that prevents to form between the adjacent fiber silk.Characteristic according to the polymer melt that forms fiber; Spray silk micropore 221 circumscribed circle diameters can be 2～30: 1 with the ratio of annular width; The length ratio of spray silk micropore 221 circumscribed circle diameters and the first breach d1 is that the longest ratio with beeline is 1～30: 1 between the geometric center of 0.5～30: 1, the first breach d1 and the second breach d2, and one side can make the container function fiber have bigger container function; Guaranteed the intensity of container function fiber on the other hand, made it have spinnability.Further, the outline line of spray silk micropore 221 can be circle, ellipse or polygon.
Second step: with diameter is D
90Functional materials be filled in the through hole;
The specific embodiment provided by the invention all adopts to oil or the technology of auxiliary agent is filled into functional materials in the through hole.Functional materials and finish or other auxiliary agents are mixed, and the mode through oil nozzle oils or oil tanker oils is filled into functional materials in the through hole.Preferably, use the finish and/or the auxiliary agent that contain 1～20wt% functional materials to fill.In order to improve the dispersion of functional materials in finish, it is pre-dispersed to adopt surfactant that the functional materials particle is carried out, and perhaps in the process of functional materials and finish mixing, adopts the ultrasonic wave aid dispersion.It is understandable that those skilled in the art can adopt other fill process according to concrete technological requirement fully, have just repeated no more here.
The 3rd step: stretch and/or reverse fiber bodies, make through hole be reduced into D1 at the lip-deep A/F of fiber bodies by D2, D1 is less than diameter D
90, make functional materials be encapsulated in the through hole.Preferably, through hole is 0.05～10 μ m in the width D 2 of the lip-deep opening of fiber bodies after the spinning fusion, stretched or reverse after width D 1 be 0.01～5 μ m, and the diameter D of functional materials
90Be 0.02～7 μ m.
Fig. 2 shows functional fiber provided by the invention and is stretching or reversing cross-sectional view before, because the diameter D of functional materials 1
90Less than the width D 2 of spinning fusion after-opening 5, process oils or auxiliary agent technology gets in the duct 7; Fig. 3 shows the cross-sectional view of functional fiber provided by the invention after stretching or reversing; Through drawing-off or reverse and carry out " closing in "; Make through hole 7 become D1 at the A/F of fiber surface, functional materials particle quilt " encapsulation " is in " cage type " fiber through hole 7.
Functional fiber preparation method of the present invention has versatility, is applicable to the fiber species that adopts melt spinning; Method is easy and can satisfy melt-spinning technology, does not need especially to increase complicated procedures of forming and acquires equipment.
The present invention also provides a kind of fabric by the fibrage of above-mentioned functions property, and for example, the functional fiber that adopts the antiseptic material to process can be woven into antibiotic facing material and other fabrics.
Embodiment 1
Dried polyester slice is heated extrusion molten with screw rod, extruder temperature: 280 ℃, 100 rev/mins of rotating speeds.Melt is sent into each spinning station of spinning manifold, after the measuring pump accurate measurement and filtering, from spinnerets, sprays.The diameter of spinneret orifice is 100 μ m.The ejection of melt thread is after the cooling blast cooled and solidified becomes strand.There is 1 hole the fibre section, and the hole is 40～60 μ m in the fiber surface openings of sizes, and promptly the charging breach of spinnerets irregularly-shaped hole is arranged on 40～60 μ m.The employing average grain diameter is that the silver ion class antiseptic of 20～30 μ m is a functional materials, and formulation content is the spinning machine oil of 10wt% functional materials after supersonic oscillations are disperseed.The strand of solidification forming is wound on the bobbin with the speed about 500 meters/minute after dewing oils.After treating that finish fully soaks in the fiber holes, undrawn yarn is under 4.0 conditions of draw ratio on the heat stretching machine, and the hole becomes 10～15 μ m in the fiber surface openings of sizes, obtains the antiseptic long filament.
Contain the antiseptic PET plain cloth of silver-ion antibiotic agent and do not contain the PET plain cloth of antiseptic, adopt GB/T20944.2-2007 " evaluation-part 2 of antibacterial textile performance: absorption process ".Evaluation result such as table one:
Table one
Explanation is compared with the PET plain cloth that does not contain antiseptic, and the antiseptic PET plain cloth that contains the silver-ion antibiotic agent has good antibacterial effect.
Embodiment 2
Dried polyester slice is heated extrusion molten with screw rod, extruder temperature: 280 ℃, 100 rev/mins of rotating speeds.Melt is sent into each spinning station of spinning manifold, after the measuring pump accurate measurement and filtering, from spinnerets, sprays.The diameter of spinneret orifice is 100 μ m.The ejection of melt thread is after the cooling blast cooled and solidified becomes strand.There are 3 holes the fibre section, and the hole is 20～30 μ m in the fiber surface openings of sizes, and promptly the charging breach of spinnerets irregularly-shaped hole is arranged on 20～30 μ m.Adopting average grain diameter is the TiO of 10～15 μ m
2Antiviral, deodorization functions property material, formulation content is the spinning machine oil of 10wt% functional materials after supersonic oscillations are disperseed.The strand of solidification forming through a machine oil bathtub after, the time of staying of fiber in the machine oil bathtub is 10 seconds, is wound on the bobbin with the speed about 100 meters/minute.After treating that finish fully soaks in the fiber holes, undrawn yarn is under 4 conditions of draw ratio on the heat stretching machine, and the hole becomes 5～6 μ m in the fiber surface openings of sizes, obtains antiviral functional long filament.
Contain TiO
2The antiseptic PET plain cloth of antiseptic and do not contain the PET plain cloth of antiseptic adopts GB/T20944.2-2007 " evaluation-part 2 of antibacterial textile performance: absorption process ".Evaluation result such as table two:
Table two
Explanation is compared with the PET plain cloth that does not contain antiseptic, contains TiO
2The antiseptic PET plain cloth of antiseptic has good antibacterial effect.
Embodiment 3
Dried polyester slice is heated extrusion molten with screw rod, extruder temperature: 280 ℃, 100 rev/mins of rotating speeds.Melt is sent into each spinning station of spinning manifold, after the measuring pump accurate measurement and filtering, from spinnerets, sprays.The diameter of spinneret orifice is 150 μ m.The ejection of melt thread is after the cooling blast cooled and solidified becomes strand.There are 2 holes the fibre section, and the hole is 30～50 μ m in the fiber surface openings of sizes, and promptly the charging breach of spinnerets irregularly-shaped hole is arranged on 30～50 μ m.The employing average grain diameter is that the tourmaline class negative ion powder of 15～20 μ m is a functional materials, and formulation content is the spinning machine oil of 12wt% functional materials after surface modification is disperseed.When spinning filament yarn, strand oils through dewing, and fibre finishing content accounts for 10% of fiber quality.After finish fully soaked in the fiber holes, undrawn yarn obtained long filament under 4.0 conditions of draw ratio on the heat stretching machine, made the hole become 8～12 μ m in the fiber surface openings of sizes.Obtain the finished product short fiber through operations such as curling, heat setting, cut-outs again.
1m
3In the closed box; 20 ± 2 ℃ of temperature, relative humidity 60 ± 2.5% times; Sample size 250mm * 250mm; Adopt the parallel friction of mechanical arm 5min to excite textiles to produce anion, adopt the ion tester that meets " air ion measuring instrument general purpose discipline " to measure, tourmaline class negative ion powder fiber anion quantity is 8630/cm
3, general fibre anion quantity is 30/cm
3
Embodiment 4
Acrylic resin is added screw extruder,, extrude by spinning head, in air, be cooled to fibre through measuring pump at 270 ℃ of heating and meltings.Fibre diameter is 25 μ m, and there are 9 holes in the cross section, and the hole is 0.1～0.2 μ m in the fiber surface openings of sizes, and promptly the charging breach of spinnerets irregularly-shaped hole is arranged on 0.1～0.2 μ m.Adopting the average grain diameter of surface modification is the nano-anatase TiO of 0.08～0.1 μ m
2Particle adds after disperseing and prepares the spinning machine oil that contains the 10wt% functional materials in the spinning oil.When spinning filament yarn, strand oils through dewing, and fibre finishing content accounts for 5% of fiber quality.After finish fully soaked in the fiber holes, undrawn yarn was under the heat stretching machine stretching action, and the hole becomes 0.03～0.05 μ m in the fiber surface openings of sizes, obtains functional long filament.Long filament obtains short fiber through operations such as curling, heat setting, cut-outs again.The long filament and the short fiber of preparation have photo-catalysis function under UV-irradiation, indoor pollutants such as ability decomposing formaldehyde, benzene series organic matter.
At 20 ± 2 ℃ of temperature, relative humidity 60 ± 2.5% times, 5m
3Sealed compartment, 2m
2Sample size, 2 40w fluorescent lamps carry out 24 hours formaldehyde and VOC and decompose experiment, initial concentration of formaldehyde 3.23mg/m
3, initial TVOC concentration 10.12mg/m
3After 24 hours, contain nano-anatase TiO
2Under the situation that the function fabric of particle exists, concentration of formaldehyde drops to 0.76mg/m
3, the TVOC lowering of concentration is to 3.32mg/m
3Under the situation that common fabric exists, concentration of formaldehyde is 2.98mg/m
3, TVOC concentration is 10.10mg/m
3Explain and contain nano-anatase TiO
2The fiber of particle has good decomposing formaldehyde and VOC effect.
Polyphenylene sulfide after the drying is added screw extruder,, extrude by spinning head, in air, be cooled to fibre through measuring pump at 330 ℃ of heating and meltings.Fibre diameter is 100 μ m, and there are 9 holes in the cross section, and the hole is 4～6 μ m in the fiber surface openings of sizes, and promptly the charging breach of spinnerets irregularly-shaped hole is arranged on 4～6 μ m.Adopting average grain diameter is the Co/MnO of 2～3 μ m
xThe catalyst particle functional materials, preparation contains 1wt%, the spinning machine oil of functional materials in the adding spinning oil after disperseing.When spinning filament yarn, strand oils through dewing, and fibre finishing content accounts for 10% of fiber quality.After finish fully soaked in the fiber holes, undrawn yarn was at 105 ℃, and under 4 times of hot-stretch conditions, the hole becomes 1～1.5 μ m in the fiber surface openings of sizes, obtains functional long filament.Long filament obtains short fiber through operations such as curling, heat setting, cut-outs again.The long filament and the short fiber of preparation are at NH
3Exist down with air, have the NO that decomposes in the flue gas
xThe pollutant effect.
The PPS function staple fibre that contains 15% weight ratio Co/MnOx catalyst, adopting needle point method to make grammes per square metre is 400g/m
2The nonwoven fabric function fabric, thickness is 2mm.Adopt the PPS staple fibre that does not contain catalyst to make the PPS nonwoven fabric in addition.Get and claim two kinds of nonwoven fabric 10 grams, adopt identical evaluation method evaluation: pack into the fixed bed reactors of 2cm of nonwoven fabric, under 100 ℃ of temperature, feed atmosphere with the flow velocity of 200ml/min, contain 412ppmNO, 188ppmNO in the atmosphere
2, 5%O
2, 600ppmNH
3With about 95% N
2, the NO and the NO of measurement reactor outlet
2Concentration.The reactor outlet NO and the NO that contain the PPS nonwoven fabric of functional materials
2Concentration is 50 and 0ppm.The reactor outlet NO and the NO of common PPS nonwoven fabric
2Concentration is 412 and 188ppm, explains that the PPS function staple fibre that contains the Co/MnOx catalyst can be good at decomposing N O
xPollutant.
Embodiment 6
Nylon 6 slice after the drying is added screw extruder,, extrude by spinning head, in air, be cooled to fibre through measuring pump at 260 ℃ of heating and meltings.Fibre diameter is 90 μ m, and there are 3 holes in the cross section, and the hole is 0.4～0.6 μ m in the fiber surface openings of sizes, and promptly the charging breach of spinnerets irregularly-shaped hole is arranged on 0.4～0.6 μ m.Adopting average grain diameter is the conduction activated carbon particles of 0.2～0.3 μ m, after disperseing, adds to prepare the spinning machine oil that contains the 20wt% functional materials in the spinning oil.When spinning filament yarn, strand oils through dewing, and fibre finishing content accounts for 8% of fiber quality.After finish fully soaked in the fiber holes, undrawn yarn was at 60 ℃, and under 4 times of hot-drawn conditions, the hole becomes 0.1～0.15 μ m in the fiber surface openings of sizes, obtains functional long filament.Long filament obtains short fiber through operations such as curling, heat setting, cut-outs again.The long filament and the short fiber of preparation have anti-static function.
Contain and conduct electricity the PET fiber and the general fibre of activated carbon particles and make plain cloth, according to GB/T12703.2-2009 " the evaluation part 2 surface density of charge of textiles antistatic property " method test antistatic property.Contain that to conduct electricity the PET fiber conductive fiber fabric of activated carbon particles be 1.6 μ c/m
2, common fabric is greater than 20 μ c/m
2
Polyurethane section after the drying is added screw extruder,, extrude by spinning head, in air, be cooled to fibre through measuring pump at 210 ℃ of heating and meltings.Fibre diameter is 100 μ m, and there are 3 holes in the cross section, and the hole is 0.4～0.6 μ m in the fiber surface openings of sizes, and promptly the charging breach of spinnerets irregularly-shaped hole is arranged on 0.4～0.6 μ m.Adopting average grain diameter is the conduction activated carbon particles of 0.2～0.3 μ m, after disperseing, adds to prepare in the spinning oil to contain 5wt%, the spinning machine oil of functional materials.When spinning filament yarn, strand oils through dewing, and fibre finishing content accounts for 5% of fiber quality.After finish fully soaked in the fiber holes, undrawn yarn was at 60 ℃, and under 4 times of hot-drawn conditions, the hole becomes 0.1～0.15 μ m in the fiber surface openings of sizes, obtains functional long filament.Long filament obtains short fiber through operations such as curling, heat setting, cut-outs again.The long filament and the short fiber of preparation have anti-static function.
Contain and conduct electricity the PET fiber and the general fibre of activated carbon particles and make plain cloth, according to GB/T12703.2-2009 " the evaluation part 2 surface density of charge of textiles antistatic property " method test antistatic property.Contain that to conduct electricity the PET fiber conductive fiber fabric of activated carbon particles be 1.6 μ c/m
2, common fabric is greater than 20 μ c/m
2
Embodiment 8
Polylactic acid slice after the drying is added screw extruder,, extrude by spinning head, in air, be cooled to fibre through measuring pump at 200 ℃ of heating and meltings.Fibre diameter is 80 μ m, and there are 2 holes in the cross section, and the hole is 0.4～0.6 μ m in the fiber surface openings of sizes, and promptly the charging breach of spinnerets irregularly-shaped hole is arranged on 0.4～0.6 μ m.Adopting average grain diameter is the conduction activated carbon particles of 0.2～0.3 μ m, after disperseing, adds to prepare the spinning machine oil that contains the 15wt% functional materials in the spinning oil.When spinning filament yarn, strand oils through dewing, and fibre finishing content accounts for 5% of fiber quality.After finish fully soaked in the fiber holes, undrawn yarn was at 80 ℃, and under 4 times of hot-drawn conditions, the hole becomes 0.1～0.15 μ m in the fiber surface openings of sizes, obtains functional long filament.Long filament obtains short fiber through operations such as curling, heat setting, cut-outs again.The long filament and the short fiber of preparation have anti-static function.
Contain and conduct electricity the PET fiber and the general fibre of activated carbon particles and make plain cloth, according to GB/T12703.2-2009 " the evaluation part 2 surface density of charge of textiles antistatic property " method test antistatic property.Contain that to conduct electricity the PET fiber conductive fiber fabric of activated carbon particles be 1.6 μ c/m
2, common fabric is greater than 20 μ c/m
2
The present invention also provides a kind of fabric by the fibrage of above-mentioned functions property; For example to have the sports socks that disappear smelly and " cage type " functional fibre antiseptic material are the raw material spinning; Owing to have " multidimensional " through-hole structure; Sweat can infiltrate in " multidimensional through hole " fast, has strengthened moisture absorption sweat discharging functions, and the body sense improves because of thin dawn, odd-shaped cross section and surface holes.Foreign matter and bacteria growing inhibiting are decomposed in smelly, the antiseptic material effect rapidly after sweat infiltrates the duct that disappears in " multidimensional through hole " simultaneously, make product have more snugness of fit.
Functional fiber provided by the invention, the first, have very large specific area and macroporosity, can hold greater functionality property material; Second; Because functional materials is to adopt " encapsulation " form; The embedding that is not conventional art perhaps is fixed on fiber surface through the sticking glutinous finishing agent that reaches, and makes under the condition of same functional materials load capacity to have higher functional activity and better effect.The 3rd, " cage type " special construction can not influence light, heat, electronics and reactant etc. and get in the fiber ducts, and this will significantly strengthen diffusion, mobile, mass transfer, energy exchange and many things field coupling; The 4th, fiber bodies structure and functional materials are integrated, have strengthened functional effect and treatment effeciency further, and the field of fiber applications is further expanded.
In addition, simple, the easy row of the method for preparing this functional fiber does not need special PROCESS FOR TREATMENT, is suitable for the large-scale production in the industry.
The above is merely the preferred embodiments of the present invention, is not limited to the present invention, and for a person skilled in the art, the present invention can have various changes and variation.All within spirit of the present invention and principle, any modification of being done, be equal to replacement, improvement etc., all should be included within protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. a functional fiber comprises fiber bodies, it is characterized in that, said functional fiber further comprises:
Through hole is arranged on vertically in the said fiber bodies and on its surface and forms opening, and A/F is D1;
Functional materials has diameter D
90And be filled in the said through hole;
Wherein, said A/F D1 is less than said diameter D
90
2. functional fiber according to claim 1; It is characterized in that; Said fiber bodies is processed by thermoplastic polymer, and said thermoplastic polymer is selected from one or more in the group that polyester, polypropylene, polyamide, polyurethane, PLA, polyphenylene sulfide form.
3. functional fiber according to claim 2; It is characterized in that; Said functional materials has molecule, microcapsules or graininess, is selected from by having and produces negative oxygen ion, ultra-violet radiation resisting, excites far infrared, antistatic, antibiotic, antiviral, deodorizing, elimination formaldehyde, eliminates organic pollution, decolouring, elimination NO
xAnd SO
xOne or more compounds in the group that the metal of function, nonmetal, inorganic salts, inorganic compounding salt, metal oxide, conductor oxidate, composite metal oxide, composite semiconductor oxide, organic matter, high molecular polymer are formed.
4. functional fiber according to claim 1; It is characterized in that; Said through hole is to process through the spinnerets (10) of preparation container function fiber, and said spinnerets (10) is provided with spinneret orifice road (20), is formed with spinneret orifice (22) on the end wall of the spray silk end in said spinneret orifice road (20); It is characterized in that; Said spinneret orifice (22) is made up of one or more spray silk micropores (221), and said spray silk micropore (221) is the annular that is surrounded by one or more spray silk micropore section (222), forms first breach (d1) that is used to form the container function fiber axis to surface opening between the end of said spray silk micropore section (222) at least.
5. functional fiber according to claim 4; It is characterized in that; Said spray silk micropore (221) is a plurality of; Become delegation, two row or annular array, and said first breach (d1) position in each said spray silk micropore (221) is set to the geometric outsides that form towards by these a plurality of spray silk micropores (221).
6. according to each described functional fiber among the claim 1-5, it is characterized in that said functional fiber is long filament or short fiber.
7. the preparation method of each said functional fiber among the claim 1-6 is characterized in that, comprising:
Through hole is set on the fiber bodies of said functional fiber vertically, and it is the opening of D2 that said through hole forms width on the surface of said fiber bodies;
To have diameter D
90Functional materials be filled in the said through hole said diameter D
90Less than said A/F D2; And
Stretch and/or reverse said fiber bodies, make said A/F be reduced into D1 by D2.
8. preparation method according to claim 7 is characterized in that, said width D 2 is 0.05～10 μ m, and said width D 1 is 0.01～5 μ m.
9. preparation method according to claim 7 is characterized in that, adopting oils or go up auxiliary agent technology is filled into said functional materials in the said through hole.
10. a fabric is characterized in that, is formed by each said functional fiber braiding among the claim 1-6.
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| CN201110249793.7A CN102433763B (en) | 2011-08-26 | 2011-08-26 | Functional fiber, manufacturing method and fabric formed via weaving functional fiber |
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| CN102776600A (en) * | 2012-07-10 | 2012-11-14 | 东华大学 | Method for preparing efficient far infrared nylon fibers |
| CN106812018A (en) * | 2017-03-28 | 2017-06-09 | 广西金桂浆纸业有限公司 | The manufacture craft of energy-conserving and environment-protective cupstock |
| CN106835810A (en) * | 2017-03-28 | 2017-06-13 | 广西金桂浆纸业有限公司 | The manufacture craft of high bulk cupstock |
| CN106988152A (en) * | 2017-03-28 | 2017-07-28 | 广西金桂浆纸业有限公司 | A kind of manufacture craft of cupstock |
| CN106988151A (en) * | 2017-03-28 | 2017-07-28 | 广西金桂浆纸业有限公司 | The manufacture craft of recyclable recycling cupstock |
| CN107788599A (en) * | 2017-11-27 | 2018-03-13 | 苏州市叶绣工艺厂 | One kind removes peculiar smell ceremonial dress face fabric |
| CN108532308A (en) * | 2018-01-17 | 2018-09-14 | 澳洋集团有限公司 | Antibacterial polyester fibre and preparation method thereof |
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| CN110485041A (en) * | 2019-09-19 | 2019-11-22 | 界首市远航织带有限公司 | A kind of antibacterial far infrared ribbon preparation method |
| CN111109963A (en) * | 2018-10-30 | 2020-05-08 | 绿能奈米科技有限公司 | Bedding structure with non-power energy layer and far infrared fiber |
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| CN102776600A (en) * | 2012-07-10 | 2012-11-14 | 东华大学 | Method for preparing efficient far infrared nylon fibers |
| CN106812018A (en) * | 2017-03-28 | 2017-06-09 | 广西金桂浆纸业有限公司 | The manufacture craft of energy-conserving and environment-protective cupstock |
| CN106835810A (en) * | 2017-03-28 | 2017-06-13 | 广西金桂浆纸业有限公司 | The manufacture craft of high bulk cupstock |
| CN106988152A (en) * | 2017-03-28 | 2017-07-28 | 广西金桂浆纸业有限公司 | A kind of manufacture craft of cupstock |
| CN106988151A (en) * | 2017-03-28 | 2017-07-28 | 广西金桂浆纸业有限公司 | The manufacture craft of recyclable recycling cupstock |
| CN107788599A (en) * | 2017-11-27 | 2018-03-13 | 苏州市叶绣工艺厂 | One kind removes peculiar smell ceremonial dress face fabric |
| CN108532308A (en) * | 2018-01-17 | 2018-09-14 | 澳洋集团有限公司 | Antibacterial polyester fibre and preparation method thereof |
| CN111109963A (en) * | 2018-10-30 | 2020-05-08 | 绿能奈米科技有限公司 | Bedding structure with non-power energy layer and far infrared fiber |
| CN111109963B (en) * | 2018-10-30 | 2021-09-24 | 绿能奈米科技有限公司 | Bedding structure with non-power energy layer and far infrared fiber |
| US11291318B2 (en) | 2018-10-30 | 2022-04-05 | Green Energy Nano Technology Co., Ltd. | Quilt structure with non-powered energy layer and far-infrared fibers to make the same |
| CN110205820A (en) * | 2019-04-30 | 2019-09-06 | 东华大学 | A kind of functional fibre and preparation method thereof |
| CN110485041A (en) * | 2019-09-19 | 2019-11-22 | 界首市远航织带有限公司 | A kind of antibacterial far infrared ribbon preparation method |
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