CN1024746C - 具热能调节作用构件的煮器 - Google Patents

具热能调节作用构件的煮器 Download PDF

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CN1024746C
CN1024746C CN90101438A CN90101438A CN1024746C CN 1024746 C CN1024746 C CN 1024746C CN 90101438 A CN90101438 A CN 90101438A CN 90101438 A CN90101438 A CN 90101438A CN 1024746 C CN1024746 C CN 1024746C
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李清祈
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Abstract

一种煮器(如锅具、壶具、煮板…等);其承受加热部分具有“热能调节”作用的构件。该种煮器本体的承受加热部分具有一封闭空间,当中容纳热能调节材料、均热片及碍热层。利用该热能调节材料在某一温度范围时具有相当大的热容量的特性,使得该煮器用以加热物品的表面的温度易于维持在某一范围,且温度分布较均匀;进而运用该均热片及碍热层以加强散布热能的效果,使得该煮器用以加热物品的表面的局部高温现象能被抑制。

Description

本发明涉及一种煮器,特别是一种具热能调节作用构件的煮器。
人们普遍以煤气(瓦斯)炉作热源以烹调食物,煤气炉火温度高且集中,加热快速又方便,但易使被加热的锅具形成局部高温。
传统的锅具一般使用铸铁、碳钢、不锈钢、铜料或铝料等类材料,以冲压加工、旋压加工、铸造后车削、熔汤铸锻等方式作成单一锅体,再施以研抛、发色、电镀、涂装等各种表面处理而成。由铸铁制成的,常嫌笨重、已经少见;碳钢制成的,易积油垢难于洗刷;不锈钢制成的传热性差,加热时局部高温现象严重,易烧焦食物产生有害人体的物质;铜料制成的导热度甚佳,但质软不宜“炒”,且会产生剧毒的铜绿,难于保养;铝因是致癌物质,不适合作食物调理用锅具的锅面材料。
近代,虽有数种施以特殊表面处理的锅具问世,但仍无一种能适合人们的烹调习惯(煎、煮、炒、炸…几乎都使用同一个锅具,且特别喜欢“用锰火炒菜”)的锅具问世。例如:施以“珐琅”涂装的“彩色锅”只适合于“煮”;施以“铁弗龙(Teflon)”涂装的“不沾锅、,其表层甚软而易刮脱,也只适合“煎”的用途。
由于前述的锅具先天上的缺陷或使用方法的不当,常使人们的饮食卫生及健康蒙受极大的威协。有鉴于此,而有设计及开发一适合于人们烹调习惯、卫生、不会过于笨重、且易于保养的锅具构思。
本发明的目的是由如下构思实现的:
一种具热能调节作用构件的煮器,其本体的承受加热区域是由内层构件及外层构件形成二层构造,两者间的空间内容纳有低融点热能调节材料,和热传导系数高的热分散构件,所述热分散构件是被所述低融点热能调节材料所包容或密贴的均热片和碍热层,且碍热层被安置在均热片朝向内层构件的表面和/或内层构件的下表面、和/或所述的两表面之间。
总之,本发明是从锅体的结构上加以改变,配合材料特性的选择,而创造出具备下列特点及效果的锅具:
1.本发明是一种多层结合式的锅体11技术,因而得以选用硬且韧、化学性质安定的材料作成锅面12;煎、煮、炒、炸…均可适用,且不会渗出有毒物质、不易生锈,容易保养及清理。
2.本发明的锅体11内因可有低融点金属或合金(此类材料的比热值较低,如Sn只有0.2255J/g·℃,钢铁材料为0.45-0.46J/g·℃,铜料为0.34-0.41J/g·℃)作为热能调节材料15的设计,故能使锅体11在低温时的热容量较小;又温度到融点时,因相变化的发生而热容量大。此种设计可达到提高热效率及容易使锅体11维持于某一范围的效果。
3.本发明的锅体11内因具有热能调节材料15、均热片16、碍热层17等抑制锅面局部高温现象的设计,故不太会烧焦被加热的物品(烧焦的食物中常含有致癌物质。)
4.本发明的锅体11虽是多层结合式,但并不须采用形状复杂的构件,且低融点金属或合金对锅面12或锅底15材料能构成“软焊”接合,能符合制作简单、构造坚固的要求。又经由断面厚度的调配,以及本发明的锅体11本身具抑制锅面12局部高温特性,故锅体11不必太厚重即能使锅面12用以烹调的部分18有较均匀的温度分布。
5.本发明中所有的热能调节作用的构件:封闭空间14、热能调节材料15、均热片16、碍热层17、(锅)面12、(锅)底13在设计上并不拘泥于何种形状结构,因此也可以运用到图1、图2所示 形状以外的锅具(如平底锅),以及其他类型的煮器-如壶具、煎板…等等,而达到同样的效果。
综上所述,本发明的煮器为前所未见,不仅具有热能调节的功能,且具有产业上的利用价值。
下面结合附图具体说明:
图1为锅具功能结构示意图。
图2为本发明具有热能调节构件的锅具的剖面图。
一口理想的锅具,为能同时适合煎、煮、炒、炸等各种不同用途,应具备下列条件(请参阅图1):
1.锅面2用以烹调的部分3应该“硬且韧”,锅面2的材料不易因刮刷、敲击而剥脱或产生裂痕。
2.用以烹调的部分3具均匀的温度分布,且易于维持在一温度范围,以免烧焦被加热的物品4。
3.整个锅具的表面5化学性质安定,不易生锈,易于清理;用以烹调的部分3不会渗出有害物质(尤其是高温时)。
4.锅体1受加热及传热的部分6的热传导性要良好,低温时热容量小,高温时热容量大,其余部分7的热传导性要差;以便能有较高的热效率。
5.整个锅体1的重量不能过重,以便于使用。
若欲以传统的单一锅体及加以表面处理,则无法作出能符合上述要求的锅具。本发明是从结构上加以改变:以“硬且韧”、化学性质安定的材料(此类材料的热传导性通常较差)作成锅体1(含锅面2、用以烹调的部分3),再附以具有“热能调节”作用的构件,以改善锅体1的热传导和温度分布特性,而实现不必通过较厚重的锅体1即能使锅面2用以熟调的部分3获得较均匀的温度分布,且易于维持在一温度范围。
以下所述锅具包含锅及其他炊煮器具。
图2中锅具10的锅体11在锅面12及锅底13间,具有一封闭空间14容纳热能调节材料15及均热片16。锅面12由一金属板块作成,除断面厚度可能较薄外,结构形状与一般的锅具无异。为使锅面12具“硬且韧”、化学性质安定等特性,可选用具备“硬且韧”、化学性质安定等特性的材料-如不锈钢、蒙乃尔合金(Monel)白铜(谷称“德国银”German    Silver)…等作成;此类材料的热传导系数一般较小。
锅底13亦由一金属板块作成,在中面区域与锅面12保持某一间隔,在周围区域与锅面12构成连结成一体,并形成封闭空间14。锅底13包括锅面12的范围可以全部也可以局部,但应能使封闭空间14包括锅面12用以烹调的部分18的背面。
热能调节材料15在本质上是在被加热或冷却至某一温度范围时,具有相当大的热容量的材料;此一温度范围根据锅具10欲保持的温度特性而定,当然低于制成锅面12、锅底13、均热片16等各项材料的融点。就烹调用的锅具而言,低融点金属或合金(即融点在250℃以下)-如锡、银锡合金、锌锡合金……等均供选择作为热能调节材料15;即利用其在融点进行“融解-凝固”过程的吸热及放热特性,以获得“相当大的热容量”。
均热片16是由热传导性良好的材料-如钢、铝…(在不计较成本的场合,银也是很好的选择)制成板块状或网状或多孔板状、甚至其他形状的构件。为增进均热片16对热能的散布效果,在均热片16朝向锅面12的一面,可以付予一层具有某一热阻系数的碍热层17。碍热层17可用种种表面处理的方法获得,例如以涂装的方式获得“珐琅”层。
均热片16与热能调节材料15共同充满封闭空间14包括用以烹调的部分18背面的范围;亦即与锅面12及锅底13之间完全接合或贴合。均热片16在封闭空间14中的位置不必严格限制;只要能以锅具10的中心线保持均热片16本身的对称即可。
当锅具10被加热时,热能调节材料15承受来自锅底13方向的热能。在温度未达到热能调节材料15的融点时,由于热能调节材料15具某一断面厚度及热传导系数,故也能产生某一种度的散布热能效果。当局部高温达到融点时,高温处的热能调节材料15开始融解,并维持在融解温度范围直至高温处的热能调节材料15完全融解。在局部高温处的热能调节材料15的融解过程(因热容量极大,故须一些时间),与局部高温相连的部分将因热能的传导而获得温升,减少了温度梯度。若以低融点金属作为热能调节材料15,在局部高温处的融解完成后,则因金属液体的热传导系数通常较金属体的低(一般只有1/2-3/4左右),将有效地抑制局部高温处对锅面12的热能传导,使提局 部高温处的锅面12温升获得缓和。因此,热能调节材料15在全部融解前,能抑制局部高温使锅面12用以烹调的部分18温度能较均匀。又当锅具10被冷却时,在温度达到凝固点(就一种材料而言,凝固点与融点接近或相同)时,热能调节材料15将放出与融解时所吸收的等量热能,而缓和温度的变化。热能调节材料15在“融解-凝固”过程的这种吸热、放热特性以及热传导系数的变化,也因而使得用以烹调的部分18的温度容易维持于一定范围。
为方便说明局部加热造成锅具10有局部高温时,均热片16的作用,假设锅具10是接受固定热源(即固定功率,固定加热位置和范围),在某一温度呈稳定状态(即固定温度分布,固定热能传导功率分布)。此时,经由均热片16承受局部高温部分的周界传导至均热片16本身的其它部分的热功率,等于均热片16承受局部高温部分所接受来自锅底13方向的热功率减去由均热片16承受局部高温部分直接传向锅面12方向的热功率,而为一常数值并等于:作成均热片16材料的热传导系数、均热片16承受局部高温部分的周界长度、均热片16的断面厚度、均热片16承受局部高温部分的周界温度梯度等四项的乘积。由于均热片16是由热传导性良好(即热传导系数较大)的材料作成,对具某一断面厚度的均热片16,将使均热片16承受局部高温部分的周界温度梯度呈较小值,亦即局部高温的现象将较不明显。
当均热片16在朝向锅面12的一面被付予一层具有某一热阻系数的碍热层17时,则经由均热片16承受局部高温部分直接传向锅面12方向的热功率将受到某一程度的约束,将使得经由均热片16承受局部高温部分的周界传导至均热片16本身的其它部分的热功率相对增加,而增进了均热片16对热能的散布效果。
若选择在固相或液相时的热传导系数均较锅面12的材料为大的低融点金属(如Sn对于SUS304)作为热能调节材料15,则不难发现;纵然碍热层17被直接安排在锅面12用以构成封闭空间14的上界的下表面部分(即碍热层17不在均热片的上表面),亦仍有促进热能散布及抑制锅面12局部高温的效果。
又若以热传导性良好的材料制成锅底13,则锅底13可兼作均热片16的用途,可使得锅体11的结构更为简单。另外,即使没有均热片16,热能调节材料15也能单独发挥使锅面12温度分布较均匀及缓和锅面12温度变化的效果。
封闭空间14除可供容纳热能调节材料15、均热片16之外,亦可同时容纳其它性质或作用的材料或构件,例如:确保封闭空间14处锅面12与锅底13间隔的隔离器、增进锅体11在封闭空间14处刚性的补强结构、测定锅体11温度的热电偶…等。

Claims (3)

1、一种具热能调节作用构件的煮器,其本体的承受加热区域是由内层构件及外层构件形成二层构造,两者间的空间内容纳有低融点热能调节材料,和热传导系数高的热分散构件,其特征在于所述热分散构件是被所述低融点热能调节材料所包容或密贴的均热片和碍热层,且碍热层被安置在均热片朝向内层构件的表面和/或内层构件的下表面、和/或所述的两表面之间。
2、根据权利要求1所述的具热能调节作用构件的煮器,其特征在于热能调节材料是在调理温度范围内进行熔解及凝固的低融点金属或合金。
3、根据权利要求1所述的具有热能调节作用构件的煮器,其特征在于均热片为板块状、网状、多孔状或其它热分解性优良的形状。
CN90101438A 1989-12-20 1990-03-14 具热能调节作用构件的煮器 Expired - Fee Related CN1024746C (zh)

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EG18966A (en) 1994-10-30
EP0506745A4 (zh) 1994-03-16
JPH05502177A (ja) 1993-04-22
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NZ236552A (en) 1995-09-26
FI922313A (fi) 1992-05-21
KR100221391B1 (ko) 1999-09-15
EP0506745A1 (en) 1992-10-07
CN1054711A (zh) 1991-09-25
CA2072630A1 (en) 1991-06-21
MY107025A (en) 1995-08-30
CN1040175C (zh) 1998-10-14
SG54167A1 (en) 1998-11-16
DE69034207T2 (de) 2006-08-03
AU6907291A (en) 1991-07-18
EP0506745B1 (en) 2005-11-23
IE904631A1 (en) 1991-07-17
KR920702983A (ko) 1992-12-17
PT96299B (pt) 1998-12-31
WO1991008725A1 (en) 1991-06-27
USH1440H (en) 1995-05-02
MA22021A1 (fr) 1991-07-01
CA2072630C (en) 1998-03-31
FI922313A0 (fi) 1992-05-21
AU657902B2 (en) 1995-03-30
PT96299A (pt) 1991-09-30
DE69034207D1 (de) 2005-12-29
BR9007923A (pt) 1992-11-17
TR27514A (tr) 1995-06-07
SA91110330B1 (ar) 2005-10-05
PE5891A1 (es) 1991-03-01

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