CN102498377B - 压力指示器 - Google Patents

压力指示器 Download PDF

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CN102498377B
CN102498377B CN201080035890.XA CN201080035890A CN102498377B CN 102498377 B CN102498377 B CN 102498377B CN 201080035890 A CN201080035890 A CN 201080035890A CN 102498377 B CN102498377 B CN 102498377B
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pressure
dividing plate
indicator
fluid
main body
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CN102498377A (zh
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菲利普·斯图尔特·埃斯努夫
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Unlimited Company of life science.
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Chimdern Medical Co ltd
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    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01LMEASURING FORCE, STRESS, TORQUE, WORK, MECHANICAL POWER, MECHANICAL EFFICIENCY, OR FLUID PRESSURE
    • G01L19/00Details of, or accessories for, apparatus for measuring steady or quasi-steady pressure of a fluent medium insofar as such details or accessories are not special to particular types of pressure gauges
    • G01L19/14Housings
    • G01L19/142Multiple part housings
    • G01L19/144Multiple part housings with dismountable parts, e.g. for maintenance purposes or for ensuring sterile conditions
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B5/00Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
    • A61B5/08Detecting, measuring or recording devices for evaluating the respiratory organs
    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01LMEASURING FORCE, STRESS, TORQUE, WORK, MECHANICAL POWER, MECHANICAL EFFICIENCY, OR FLUID PRESSURE
    • G01L7/00Measuring the steady or quasi-steady pressure of a fluid or a fluent solid material by mechanical or fluid pressure-sensitive elements
    • G01L7/02Measuring the steady or quasi-steady pressure of a fluid or a fluent solid material by mechanical or fluid pressure-sensitive elements in the form of elastically-deformable gauges
    • G01L7/08Measuring the steady or quasi-steady pressure of a fluid or a fluent solid material by mechanical or fluid pressure-sensitive elements in the form of elastically-deformable gauges of the flexible-diaphragm type
    • G01L7/084Measuring the steady or quasi-steady pressure of a fluid or a fluent solid material by mechanical or fluid pressure-sensitive elements in the form of elastically-deformable gauges of the flexible-diaphragm type with mechanical transmitting or indicating means
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61MDEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
    • A61M16/00Devices for influencing the respiratory system of patients by gas treatment, e.g. mouth-to-mouth respiration; Tracheal tubes
    • A61M16/04Tracheal tubes
    • A61M16/0434Cuffs
    • A61M16/044External cuff pressure control or supply, e.g. synchronisation with respiration
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61MDEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
    • A61M16/00Devices for influencing the respiratory system of patients by gas treatment, e.g. mouth-to-mouth respiration; Tracheal tubes
    • A61M16/0003Accessories therefor, e.g. sensors, vibrators, negative pressure
    • A61M2016/0027Accessories therefor, e.g. sensors, vibrators, negative pressure pressure meter

Abstract

一种压力指示器:包括主体,该主体具有压力室,所述压力室具有用于与流体连通的进口;弹性隔板,其具有抵着主体而密封的周边并且弹性隔板使其一侧暴露于室内的流体;指示杆,其具有与隔板的另一侧一体形成的内端和邻近刻度的外端杆,如此布置以使室内的流体的压力引起隔板的弹性变形,其进而引起所述杆的外端相对于刻度移动,由此指示室中的流体的压力。

Description

压力指示器
技术领域
本发明涉及一种压力指示器。
背景技术
存在许多需要低成本的压力指示器以用于指示液体或气体的压力的应用。有时液体或气体是流动的,而在其它时候液体或气体是流体静力的。
在医学领域中,污染也是一个严峻的问题且将极度需要可利用的廉价的压力指示器以使在一次性使用之后能够将其扔弃。
医学应用包括在如以下的通常情形中可注射流体的压力监测:
(ⅰ)注射
在将治疗剂注射到人体组织期间,高压力应被避免,在高压处这表明注射的位置不同于预期位置。动脉注射产生>100mmHg的脉动压力。注射至神经特有地产生>1000mmHg的静压。注射至腱组织和其他的无细孔组织甚至可能产生更高的压力。通常需要医师或护士知道这些压力,这是因为被施加至注射器的触觉力对于由于在不同容量的注射器之间活塞直径上的变化而产生的压力并不具有一致的指导。
(ⅱ)流动速率监测
如果流体通过固定阻力而被注射,则压力提供在抗生素、化学治疗剂和放射性染剂的注射期间所需要的流量动速率的指示。这种压力计量器可被调整以显示期望的流量动速率并且因此医师或护士可以容易地将药剂注射到制造商的指导线内。
(ⅲ)用于辅助设备的压力监测
许多医学设备需要压力监测作为其功能的一部分。通常用于推动来自静脉注射液包的流体的气压设备需要压力计量器以校正增压。填充放置在人体腔动脉等中的多个导管。这些具有囊,囊被充气以提供机械力以使抵着这些腔或血管的壁来密封或膨胀。
(ⅳ)气道压力的测量
多种气道管理设备(包括急救包)为病人肺部提供正压力空气流通,这种压力的监测需要避免对肺部的气压损伤。
这种设备的重要特征包括:
(i)成本
低成本需要低成本的部件且易制造。
(ii)易用性
压力指示是易读出的并且优选地具有容易解释的模拟指示刻度。
(iii)最低限度的死区
如果计量器用于流体的注射,则重要的是,计量器的内部机构具有最低限度的死区,这是因为死区易于将空气引导至注射系统。此外,治疗剂可能是较大数值,并因此不期望其填充计量器的死区且因此对注射而言是不用的。最后,在计量器中的空气的出现可能使计量器对压力变化反应迟钝。
(iv)紧凑设计
计量器具有实用的最小尺寸是重要的,这是因为在许多应用中不期望使庞大或沉重的设备附接至注射器或其他系统。
(v)精度
这种计量器具有适当的精度级别是很重要的。已经达到+/-7.5%。
发明内容
本发明的大体目的是提供一种至少部分地满足所有或某些以上标准的压力指示器。
依据本发明,提供了一种压力指示器:
主体,其具有压力室,压力室具有用于与流体连通的进口;
弹性隔板,其具有抵着主体而密封的周边并且弹性隔板使其一侧暴露于室内的流体;
指示杆,其具有与所述隔板的另一侧一体形成的内端和邻近刻度的外端杆,
如此布置以使室内的流体的压力引起隔板的弹性变形,其进而引起杆的外端相对于刻度移动,由此指示室中的流体的压力。
优选地,室具有出口,并且在使用中,所述流体在压力下从进口穿过室而流动至出口。
优选地,指示器包括支轴,支轴用于根据隔板的弹性变形而引起杆的旋转。
优选地,支轴与隔板一体形成。
优选地,隔板、杆和支轴均由塑料材料注塑成型。
优选地,指示器包括联接至主体的第一壳体,隔板被布置成当流体的压力增加时,弹性地扩展到第一壳体中。
优选地,第一壳体包括结构体(formation),该结构体与主体上的互补结构体互锁,并且其中,在使用中,隔板的周边被夹紧在主体和第一壳体之间。
优选地,支轴从安装点向内地邻近隔板的周边延伸。
优选地,第一壳体包括导向装置,导向装置与支轴接合或可接合,以在隔板扩展时限制支轴的移位。
优选地,指示器包括第二壳体,指示杆的外端位于第二壳体内。
优选地,第二壳体与主体一体形成。
本发明还提供一种用于在压力指示器中使用的弹性隔板,弹性隔板具有周边和指示杆,在使用中,周边暴露于室内的流体,指示杆具有与隔板一体形成的内端和在使用中邻近刻度的外端杆。
本发明还提供一种压力指示器:
主体,其具有压力室,压力室具有用于在压力下与流体连通的进口;
弹性隔板,其具有抵着主体而密封的周边并且弹性隔板使其一侧暴露于室内的流体;
指示杆,其具有与隔板的另一侧一体形成的内端和邻近刻度的外端杆;
第一壳体,其包括结构体,该结构体与主体上的互补结构体互锁,并且其中,在使用中,隔板的周边被夹紧在主体和第一壳体之间,
如此布置以使室内的压力引起隔板的弹性变形,其进而引起杆的外端相对于刻度移动,由此指示室中的流体的压力,其特征在于,指示器仅由三个部件形成。
本发明还提供一种压力指示器:
主体,其具有压力室,压力室具有用于在相对于大气压的正压力或负压力下与流体连通的进口;
弹性隔板,其具有抵着主体而密封的周边并且弹性隔板使其一侧暴露于室内的流体;
指示杆,其具有与隔板的另一侧一体形成的内端和邻近刻度的外端杆,
如此布置以使室内的压力引起隔板的弹性变形,其进而引起杆的外端相对于刻度移动,由此指示室中的流体的压力。
附图说明
现在参照附图将进一步描述本发明,附图中:
图1是本发明的压力指示器的等距视图;
图2是指示器的下侧等距视图;
图3是指示器的分解图;
图4是指示器的侧视图;
图5是指示器的另一侧视图;
图6是指示器的平面图;
图7是指示器的下侧视图;
图8是沿线8-8的横截面图;
图9是沿线9-9的横截面图;
图10是沿线10-10的横截面图;
图11是放大的平面图;
图12是沿线12-12的横截面图;
图13是放大的侧视图;
图14是隔板的侧视图;
图15是隔板的另一侧视图;
图16是壳体的部分的不完全视图;
图17是壳体的不完全下侧视图;
图18是壳体和部分隔板的平面示意图;
图19是指示器的侧视图;
图20示出了在其最终组装位置中的指示器;
图21示出了隔板偏转时的指示器;
图22是示出作为压力函数的隔板偏转的曲线图;
图23是示出作为隔板偏转函数的指示器偏转的图表;以及
图24是本发明的改进的指示器的放大侧视图。
具体实施方式
附图示出了本发明的压力指示设备2,其特别地适用于一次性使用的医学应用,例如指示液体通过注射器被注射进入病人体内的压力。通常地流体的压力需要处于从0至25psi的范围中。
本发明的指示设备2由三个部件制成,如在图3的分解图中最佳的示出,三个部件包括主体4、隔板组件6和隔板壳体8。
主体4优选地由塑料材料注塑成型,例如透明聚碳酸酯。主体4包括导管10,所述导管具有形成为阳型卢尔连接器(Luer connector)的进口12和形成为阴型卢尔连接器的出口14。进口和出口可以相互交换。导管10与杯形体16一体形成,杯形体16包括圆柱形壁18和基底壁20。基底壁20包括与导管10的内部连通的端口22。基底壁20本质上是平坦的或平面的,但是其包括从圆柱形壁18被稍微向内地定位的环形凸起的肋状物24。圆柱形壁18包括在其上边缘上向内地凸起的唇缘25。
主体4与指示器壳体30一体形成,指示器壳体相对于如图8中所示的导管10的轴线而形成在大约45°角处。如以下将更加详细描述的,这种定向使得更加易于查看压力指示。指示器壳体30包括通过底壁36连接的两个平行的侧壁32和34。壳体包括顶壁38,顶壁38被模制在一位置中,在该位置处,顶壁38大体上平行于底壁36并且通过整体式铰链40的方式而被连接至侧壁32和34的上部角落。这是形成顶壁的优选方式,因为很难将主体4与连接有侧壁32和34的上边缘的固定顶壁一起注塑成型。壁32或34中的一个或者另一个可以被模制成具有压力刻度(未示出),在使用中压力刻度邻近设备的指示杆以能够被读取。可选择地,刻度可以被印刷在这些壁中的一个或者另一个上。通常刻度被优选的印刷在侧壁34上,以使操作员可以透过侧壁32来查看指示杆的抵着所述刻度的位置以使获得压力读数。
现在将参照图3、14和15更加详细地描述隔板组件6。隔板组件由硅橡胶注塑成型,硅橡胶优选为具有在50至55范围中的邵氏A级硬度。隔板组件包括优选具有统一厚度的圆盘形式的隔板50,厚度通常处于1.5mm至2.5mm的范围中并优选为大约2mm。隔板与指示杆52一体模制成,指示杆52由直立柱54通过整体式铰链56的方式而连接至隔板50的中心。隔板组件6包括支架58,支架58也与隔板50和指示杆52一体模制成。支架58包括下支腿,如在图15中最佳所示,下支腿向内地邻近于隔板的周边而被连接至隔板50。支架包括第二支腿62,第二支腿连接至指示杆52的下侧并起到支轴的作用,指示杆52可以围绕该支轴旋转,如以下将更加详细描述的。从图14中可以看出,第一支腿60稍微宽于第二支腿62。同样地,第一支腿60包括第一盲孔64和第二盲孔66。
现在将参照图3、13、16、17和18更加详细地描述隔板壳体8。
隔板壳体8由透明聚碳酸酯而注塑成型为整体式模件。隔板壳体包括环形基底70,从环形基底70延伸出一个中空的截头圆锥凸起72,中空的截头圆锥凸起72部分地通过顶壁73而闭合。如从图3可以最佳看出的,截头圆锥凸起72包括由两个凸缘74和76界定的缺口,凸缘74和76从环形基底70延伸至顶壁73。如在图13中最佳所示的,壳体8包括逐渐变细的凸缘78,逐渐变细的凸缘78从基底70的外周边向下延伸。另外,环形基底70的外周边边缘包括槽口80。
这三个部件的布置和尺寸如此以使隔板50被夹紧在主体4和壳体8之间,且使指示杆52在凸缘74之间伸出至指示器壳体30中。更具体地,从图13中将可以看出,隔板50被搁置在主体4的基底壁20上。隔板50的外周边区域与壳体8的环形基底70的下侧接合,并且外周边壁与凸缘78的内周边接合。在组装期间,隔板组件首先被装入隔板壳体8中,以使指示杆52在凸缘74和凸缘76之间向外地伸出。指示杆52相对于侧壁32和侧壁34呈直线,以使隔板壳体8和隔板组件6可以被降低,从而使指示杆52在侧壁32和侧壁34之间进入指示器壳体30中。然后隔板壳体8和主体4被压到一起,以使逐渐变细的凸缘搭扣配合到圆柱体18中,并且唇缘25与槽口80互锁,以使隔板壳体8和主体4与被密封地接合在其之间的隔板50互锁在一起。从图13中将可以看出,肋状物24压入隔板50的下侧中并且使其弹性地变形,从而增强隔板50的外部区域和主体4的基底壁20之间的密封。
在这三个部件被组装在一起之后,如以上描述的,顶壁38可以被旋转至其最终位置。这被示意性地显示在图19和图20中,在图20中顶壁已被沿逆时针方向旋转大约180°,以使顶壁38将侧壁32和侧壁34之间的缺口闭合,并且顶壁38足够长以使其有效地将凸缘74和凸缘76之间的缺口闭合。这避免了指示杆52被非故意地移位。顶壁38包括侧向地延伸的凸起90和92,凸起90和92与邻近侧壁32和侧壁34的上边缘所形成的互补凸起94和96互锁。
在使用本发明的压力指示设备2中,流体在压力下位于导管10内。流体可以是静止的或流动的。端口22使经过加压的流体与隔板50的下侧连通,并且根据流体的压力,隔板50将弹性地变形,如在图20中示意性地示出的。将要理解的是,当隔板50向上偏转时,如在图20中所看到的,指示杆52将被引起沿大体上顺时针方向旋转。指示杆52的偏转程度与隔板50的偏转程度成比例。隔板50的偏转大体上也与导管10内的压力成比例,如以下将更加详细描述的。
将要理解的是,对指示杆52起到支轴作用的第二支腿62并非完全地独立于隔板50的运动,这是因为第二支腿62构成支架58的一部分,支架58与隔板50一体模制成。所示出的设备包括用于使指示杆52的位置稳固的部件,以使易于使指示杆52的偏转与导管10内部的压力更正确地成比例。在所示出的布置中,第一支腿60的宽度是如此以使其紧密地接纳在内部凸缘100和102之间,内部凸缘100和102可被认为是分别与凸缘74和凸缘76连接的。凸缘100和102具有向内引导的与其一起形成的锥形销104和106。如在图18的平面示意图中所示,如此布置以使锥形销104和106被分别接纳在钻孔64和66内。这用于进一步将支腿60和62的相对于主体4和隔板壳体8的位置固定,以使指示杆52的支轴运动最小化。
压力指示设备2的原型已被构造并测试。在原型中,隔板50具有从柱54的中心线测量的18mm的标称直径以及指示杆52的约为22mm的长度。
隔板的偏转取决于隔板的厚度以及其硬度。下面的表1示出了对于不同厚度的隔板在指示杆52的端部处的典型的偏转。在每种情况下硬度为邵氏A级硬度50。
隔板厚度(mm) 在25psi下的指示器的偏转(mm)
1.6 12.8
1.8 8.4
2.0 5.8
图22示出了隔板50的平均偏转,其为导管10内的压力的函数。图23是示出了在指示杆52的末端处的理论上的偏转的图表,该偏转为隔板的偏转的函数。将可以看出,函数关系大致是线性的。
在所示出的布置中,主体4形成有导管10,导管10具有进口和出口,该进口和出口适于流体在压力下流过导管时的压力测量。当设备被用于对不流动穿过设备的流体进行测量时,可以封堵其中一个出口。可选择地,主体4可以被模制为具有单一的进口端口,而没有出口。
以上描述的压力指示器2是一种用于指示压力的紧凑且廉价的设备。其能够指示正压力,也就是说在大气压之上的压力。其也能够指示负压力,也就是说小于大气压的压力。换句话说,当在端口22处存在负压力时,隔板50将沿朝向端口22的方向被弹性地变形。可以通过改变基底壁20的形状修来改布置,以在隔板50遭受负压力时适应隔板50的更大的弹性变形度。
图24示出了一种改进的指示器120,其被稍微改进以使其能够指示正压力以及负压力。在此实施方式中,相同的参照数字用于标示与先前的实施方式的那些部件相同或相对应的部件。更具体地说,图24对应于先前的实施方式的图13。将可以看出,基底壁20包括凹形盘结构体122,当端口22内的压力小于大气压时,凹形盘结构体122可以允许隔板50的更大程度的向下弹性弯曲。在此实施方式中,指示杆52被布置成使得当在端口22中静止或遭受零压力时,指示杆52占据指示器壳体30内的中心位置。当正压力被应用在端口22中时,隔板50向上弯曲以使指示杆52向下移动,从而抵着刻度124来指示正压力,其中该刻度被应用于或应用在侧壁32或34或两者上。然而,当负压力被应用在端口22时,隔板50向下偏转以使指示杆52向上移动,从而抵着刻度124来指示负压力。
如以上所指示,改进的指示器120被特殊地设计,以使其能够容易地指示正压力以及负压力。对图1至23中示出的设备可以容易地做出改进,以使其能够更好地指示正压力和负压力两者。更具体地说,隔板50的下表面126可以被部分地移除,比如说在图13中示出的断线128处。如果由断线128界定的材料的圆盘被移除,这将在隔板50的阶梯形的下表面和基底壁20之间产生缺口,这将允许隔板50更大程度的向下偏转并因此改进的设备也将能够更好地指示正压力以及负压力。
对于那些本领域的技术人员来说,许多改进将是显而易见的且不偏离本发明的精神和范围。
部件列表
压力指示设备        2
主体                4
隔板组件            6
隔板壳体            8
导管                10
进口                12
出口                14
杯形体              16
圆柱形壁            18
基底壁              20
端口                22
环形肋状物          24
向内凸起的唇缘      25
指示器壳体          30
侧壁                32、34
底壁                36
顶壁                38
铰链                40
隔板                50
指示杆              52
直立柱              54
铰链                56
支架                58
第一支腿            60
第二支腿            62
第一盲孔和第二盲孔  44、66
环形基底            70
截头圆锥凸起        72
顶壁                73
凸缘                74、76
逐渐变细的凸缘      78
槽口                80
侧向延伸的凸起      90、92
凸起                94、96
内部凸缘            100、102
销                  104、106
指示器              120
凹形盘结构体        122
刻度                124
下表面              126
断线                128

Claims (14)

1.一种压力指示器:
主体,其具有压力室,所述压力室具有用于与流体连通的进口;
盘形式的弹性隔板,其具有抵着所述主体而密封的周边并且所述弹性隔板使其一侧暴露于所述室内的流体;
指示杆,其具有与所述隔板的另一侧一体形成的内端和邻近刻度的外端杆,
该布置使得所述室内的流体的压力引起所述隔板的弹性变形,所述隔板的弹性变形进而引起所述杆的所述外端相对于所述刻度移动,由此指示所述室中的流体的压力。
2.如权利要求1所述的指示器,其中所述室具有出口,并且在使用中,所述流体在压力下从所述进口穿过所述室而流动至所述出口。
3.如权利要求1或2所述的指示器,其中所述指示器包括支轴,所述支轴用于根据所述隔板的弹性变形而引起所述杆的旋转。
4.如权利要求3所述的指示器,其中所述支轴与所述隔板一体形成。
5.如权利要求4所述的指示器,其中所述隔板、所述杆和所述支轴均由塑料材料注塑成型。
6.如权利要求5所述的指示器,其中所述指示器包括联接至所述主体的第一壳体,所述隔板被布置成当流体的压力增加至大气压之上时,弹性地偏转到所述第一壳体中。
7.如权利要求5或6所述的指示器,其中所述主体具有基底壁,并且其中所述隔板的所述一侧与所述基底壁间隔开,以使当流体的压力降低至大气压以下时,所述隔板能够弹性地朝向所述基底壁偏转。
8.如权利要求6所述的指示器,其中所述第一壳体包括结构体,所述结构体与所述主体上的互补结构体互锁,并且其中,在使用中,所述隔板的所述周边被夹紧在所述主体和所述第一壳体之间。
9.如权利要求6所述的指示器,其中所述支轴从安装点向内地邻近所述隔板的所述周边延伸。
10.如权利要求9所述的指示器,其中所述第一壳体包括导向装置,所述导向装置与所述支轴接合或可接合,以在所述隔板扩展时限制所述支轴的移位。
11.如权利要求7所述的指示器,包括第二壳体,所述指示杆的所述外端位于所述第二壳体内。
12.如权利要求11所述的指示器,其中所述第二壳体与所述主体一体形成。
13.一种压力指示器:
主体,其具有压力室,所述压力室具有用于在压力下与流体连通的进口;
弹性隔板,其具有抵着所述主体而密封的周边并且所述弹性隔板使其一侧暴露于所述室内的流体;
指示杆,其具有与所述隔板的另一侧一体形成的内端和邻近刻度的外端杆;
第一壳体,其包括结构体,所述结构体与所述主体上的互补结构体互锁,并且其中,在使用中,所述隔板的所述周边被夹紧在所述主体和所述第一壳体之间,
该布置使得所述室内的压力引起所述隔板的弹性变形,所述隔板的弹性变形进而引起所述杆的所述外端相对于所述刻度移动,由此指示所述室中的流体的压力,其特征在于,所述指示器仅由三个部件形成。
14.一种压力指示器:
主体,其具有压力室,所述压力室具有用于在相对于大气压的正压力或负压力下与流体连通的进口;
盘形式的弹性隔板,其具有抵着所述主体而密封的周边并且所述弹性隔板使其一侧暴露于所述室内的流体;
指示杆,其具有与所述隔板的另一侧一体形成的内端和邻近刻度的外端杆,
该布置使得所述室内的压力引起所述隔板的弹性变形,所述隔板的弹性变形进而引起所述杆的所述外端相对于所述刻度移动,由此指示所述室中的流体的压力。
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