CN102519499B - Based on the quasi-distributed sensor of micro-structure fiber optic Fabry-Perot cavity quasi - Google Patents
Based on the quasi-distributed sensor of micro-structure fiber optic Fabry-Perot cavity quasi Download PDFInfo
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- CN102519499B CN102519499B CN201110420315.8A CN201110420315A CN102519499B CN 102519499 B CN102519499 B CN 102519499B CN 201110420315 A CN201110420315 A CN 201110420315A CN 102519499 B CN102519499 B CN 102519499B
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Abstract
The present invention is a kind of quasi-distributed sensor based on micro-structure fiber optic Fabry-Perot cavity quasi, it comprises wideband light source (1), optical fiber circulator (2), sensing unit (3), sensor fibre (4), spectroanalysis instrument (5) and data processor (6), wherein: described sensing unit (3) is micro-structure fiber optic Fabry-Perot cavity, this sensing unit has multiple, and their series windings are integrated on sensor fibre (4); Three ports of optical fiber circulator (2) are connected with wideband light source (1), the single-mode fiber (4) being integrated with all sensing units, spectroanalysis instrument (5) respectively; Spectroanalysis instrument (5) is connected with data processor (6) by data line.It is large that the present invention has sensing capacity, and structure is simple, the advantages such as cost is low, and application prospect is extensive.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to sensing technology device, particularly relate to a kind of quasi-distributed sensor based on micro-structure fiber optic Fabry-Perot cavity quasi.
Background technology
Simultaneously distributed optical fiber sensing system principle utilizes optical fiber as sensing responsive element and signal transmission medium, detects, perception to the outer signals along optical fiber diverse location.In recent years, Distributed Optical Fiber Sensing Techniques is subject to people and more and more pays close attention to, and has become the focus of international research, and has also had a wide range of applications in industry member.
In current Distributed Optical Fiber Sensing Techniques, quasi-distributed optical fiber Bragg grating sensing technology, the high sensitivity sensing of the extraneous parameters such as stress, pressure and vibration can be realized, have again that volume is little, motion interval is wide, reliability is high, structure is simple, much industry and engineering field are particularly widely used in rugged surroundings or superhuge structure simultaneously.But the factor such as power, bandwidth that is limited by affects, and the multiplexing number of light Bragg grating is subject to certain restrictions.
Summary of the invention
Technical matters to be solved by this invention is: optical fiber Bragg grating sensing is highly sensitive, volume is little, advantages of simple structure and simple to provide one both to have, the distributed sensor based on micro-structure fiber optic Fabry-Perot cavity quasi that again can be multiplexing on a large scale.
The present invention solves its technical matters and adopts following technical scheme:
Quasi-distributed sensor based on micro-structure fiber optic Fabry-Perot cavity quasi provided by the invention, its structure is: comprise wideband light source, optical fiber circulator, sensing unit, sensor fibre, spectroanalysis instrument and data processor.Wherein: described sensing unit is micro-structure fiber optic Fabry-Perot cavity, and serial connection that this sensor fibre is connected is integrated with multiple sensing unit; Three ports of optical fiber circulator are connected with wideband light source, the sensor fibre being integrated with all sensing units, spectroanalysis instrument respectively; Spectroanalysis instrument is connected with data processor by data line.
Described sensor fibre is that the single-mode fiber of multiple sensing unit has been inscribed in a series connection.
Described sensing unit can be made up of two Fiber Bragg Grating FBGs of the direct diverse location be scribed on single-mode fiber by phase masks, and its grid region length is extremely short, and reflectivity is extremely low, and centre wavelength is identical.
Two Fiber Bragg Grating FBGs of described composition sensing unit, it is blocked the phase mask plate only staying next narrow slit (slit width determines Fiber Bragg Grating FBG grid region length) through metal baffle by UV light permeability, directly inscribe on single-mode fiber and form.In scribing process, first make a Bragg grating, after completing, after electricity driving displacement platform moves certain distance, inscribe second Fiber Bragg Grating FBG, the displacement of electricity driving displacement platform determines that the chamber of structured optical fiber Fabry-Perot cavity is long.
Each micro-structure fiber optic Fabry-Perot cavity has specific chamber length and reflectance spectrum, wherein: appearance Fabry-Perot cavity together in chamber is multiple, the reflectance spectrum of these Fabry-Perot cavities is all not identical, and reflection bandwidth does not overlap mutually, is inscribed by the phase mask plate of different cycles; The Fabry-Perot cavity that reflectance spectrum is identical is multiple, and the chamber of these Fabry-Perot cavities is long all not identical, and the spacing between the Fiber Bragg Grating FBG also namely forming Fabry-Perot cavity is different.
Reflectance spectrum of the present invention can be tested by spectroanalysis instrument or fiber Bragg grating (FBG) demodulator, and by data line transfer to data processor.Data processor is first according to the difference of reflection wavelength, the data of transmission are divided into groups, spectrum analysis is carried out to the data after grouping, the peak value that the long different sensing unit in chamber is corresponding on frequency spectrum is different, restore the spectral signal of single sensing unit accordingly, according to the changing value of its spectral signal measure of the change external environment condition parameter.
The present invention compared with prior art has following main advantage:
One. adopt frequency division/wavelength-division hybrid multiplex technology, multiplexing capacity is large, and multiplexed sensing number of unit is the product of frequency division number and wavelength-division number.Such as, adopt 10 wavelength, each wavelength bandwidth is 10nm, then total bandwidth is 100nm (spectroanalysis instrument can measuring tape is wide be about 800nm), and the chamber length of optical fibre Fabry-perot resonator cavity is accurately controlled by mechanical hook-up, accurately can select between 0.5mm to 5.5mm (actual can be longer), consider that crosstalk is topic, setting chamber is long is spaced apart 50um, then frequency division multiplexing number can reach 100, and the total multiplexing number of sensor of the present invention divides can reach 1000.
They are two years old. and sensing unit is micro-structure fiber optic Fabry-Perot cavity, the Fiber Bragg Grating FBG of two the weak reflectivity made by utilizing phase-mask method forms, method for making is simple, with low cost, sensitivity is consistent with optical fiber Bragg grating sensing sensitivity, measure through theoretical analysis and test of many times, strain sensitivity can reach 1.1 μ ε/pm, and temperature resolution can reach 0.1 DEG C/pm.
They are three years old. and all sensing units are integrated on a single-mode fiber, and structure is simple, can the spatial field distribution of the fine parameter to be measured along the line of precise measuring, have higher practical value and application prospect widely.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1: the structural drawing of quasi-distributed sensor of the present invention.
Fig. 2: microstructure Fabry-Perot cavity preparation facilities schematic diagram.
Fig. 3: the reflectance spectrum of the present invention's sensing unit used.
Fig. 4: one example, 3 wavelength-divisions, 3 frequency division spectrum that totally 9 sensing units are multiplexing.
Fig. 5: the result example of specific wavelength spectrum being carried out to Fourier transform.
In figure: 1. wide spectrum light source; 2. optical fiber circulator; 3. sensing unit; 4. sensor fibre; 5. spectroanalysis instrument; 6. data processor; 7. single-mode fiber; 8. fiber clamp; 9. phase mask plate; 10. motorized precision translation stage; 11. metal baffle; 12. ultraviolet lights; 13. motorized precision translation stages.
Embodiment
The present invention is based on Fabry-Perot resonance effect and optical fiber Bragg grating sensing principle, forming based on micro-structure fiber optic Fabry-Perot cavity in conjunction with frequency division multiplexing and wavelength-division multiplex technique is the quasi-distributed sensor of sensing unit, improve the multiplexing capacity of sensing unit on simple optical fiber, realize the monitoring of optical fiber parameter space field distribution along the line.
Quasi-distributed sensor based on micro-structure fiber optic Fabry-Perot cavity quasi provided by the invention, its sensor fibre is composed in series by the multiple micro-structure fiber optic Fabry-Perot cavities be integrated on a single-mode fiber, and a micro-structure fiber optic Fabry-Perot cavity is a sensing unit.
Below in conjunction with embodiment and accompanying drawing, the invention will be further described.
Quasi-distributed sensor based on micro-structure fiber optic Fabry-Perot cavity quasi provided by the invention, its structure as shown in Figure 1, comprises wideband light source 1, optical fiber circulator 2, sensor fibre 4, spectroanalysis instrument 5 and data processor 6.Wherein: described sensor fibre 4 is that the single-mode fiber 7 of multiple sensing unit 3 has been inscribed in a series connection.These sensing unit 3 serials are distributed in sensing 4.Three ports of optical fiber circulator 2 are connected with wideband light source 1, the sensor fibre 4 being integrated with all sensing units, spectroanalysis instrument 5 respectively; Spectroanalysis instrument 5 is connected with data processor 6 by data line.
Described optical fiber circulator 2, in the process making sensing unit 3, detects the reflectivity of Fiber Bragg Grating FBG in sensing unit 3, selects the speed controlling the motorized precision translation stage that ultraviolet light 12 moves.
Described sensing unit 3, the microstructure Fabry-Perot-type cavity be made up of two Fiber Bragg Grating FBGs, adopt Fiber Bragg Grating FBG grid region length extremely short (length equal the slit width of metal baffle 11, generally be greater than 2 μm and be less than 5mm, as 1mm), reflectivity is extremely low, be less than 0.1dB, therefore microstructure Fabry-Perot-type cavity optical power loss is extremely low, is less than 0.2dB, and the multiplexing number of sensing unit is not by Power Limitation.The feature of Fiber Bragg Grating FBG is the refractive index physically showing as fiber core is periodic distribution, cycle is the half in phase mask plate cycle, to the light wave by optical fiber incidence, there is specific reflection characteristic, show as the light reflection in particular range of wavelengths, and to the whole transmission of other wavelength light, therefore the Fiber Bragg Grating FBG that the phase mask plate of different cycles is inscribed out has different wavelength selectivities, based on the sensing unit that this utilizes the phase mask plate 9 of different cycles to make reflection bandwidth not overlap, realize wavelength-division multiplex.
See Fig. 2, when making sensor fibre 4, the two ends in the region of sensing unit 3 to be produced on single-mode fiber 7 are placed on respectively in two fiber clamps 8 on motorized precision translation stage 10 fixing, regulate single-mode fiber 7 placement parallel with phase mask plate 9, the metal baffle 11 being carved with slit is placed in phase mask plate 9 front.Ultraviolet light 12 is placed on another motorized precision translation stage 13, is moved along optical fiber direction by the motion control ultraviolet light of motorized precision translation stage 13.By adjusting the sweep velocity of Ultra-Violet Laser, obtain the Fiber Bragg Grating FBG of applicable reflectivity.When having made a weak reflectivity Fiber Bragg Grating FBG, electricity driving displacement platform 10 has moved certain distance, and then make second weak anti-Bragg grating, form a micro-structure fiber optic Fabry-Perot cavity, namely also complete a sensing unit 3.On single-mode fiber, multiple sensing unit 3 is inscribed in serial successively, forms sensor fibre 4.Profit in this way, making in different sensing unit 3 processes, changing electricity driving displacement platform 10 displacement, can make the micro-structure fiber optic Fabry-Perot cavity that different cavity is long.When needing the micro-structure fiber optic Fabry-Perot cavity inscribing other wavelength, change the phase mask plate of different cycles.
Described wideband light source 1, optical fiber circulator 2, spectroanalysis instrument 5 are prior art matured product.
Described data processor 6 is that prior art maturation is produced, and can be computing machine or embedded processing equipment.
Described single-mode fiber 7 is prior art matured product, and refer to that core diameter is 8 ~ 10 μm, cladding diameter 125um, coat diameter is about 250 μm, can only transmit the silica fibre of a pattern.
Described fiber clamp 8, it is 250 μm of optical fiber stationary fixtures, belongs to prior art matured product.
Described motorized precision translation stage 10 is identical with the structure of motorized precision translation stage 13, all can adopt one dimension electricity driving displacement platform, belongs to prior art matured product.
Described phase mask plate 9, it is that the phase grating spatially with specific period made in quartz substrate belongs to prior art matured product, cycle is determined by the centre wavelength of Fiber Bragg Grating FBG, and the pass of phase mask periods lambda and Fiber Bragg Grating FBG reflection kernel wavelength X is: (n
efffor single-mode fiber effective refractive index)
λ＝2n
effΛ
Said metal baffle plate 11 is speciality sheet metal, and material can be other metals such as aluminium, iron, and its shape is consistent with phase mask plate, is equipped with the slit of elongated light-permeable in interposition, and width is generally greater than 2 μm and is less than 5mm.
Micro-structure fiber optic Fabry-Perot cavity reflectance spectrum approximate period distribution of the present invention, as shown in Figure 3, the reflectance curve of the optical fibre Fabry-perot resonator cavity that different cavity is long is different in the spectral range cycle, period of change depends on that chamber is long, longly according to chamber can realize frequency division multiplexing with the periodic relationship of reflectance spectrum.The number of the reusable sensing unit 3 of the present invention is the product of frequency division multiplexing number and wavelength-division multiplex number, substantially increase the multiplexing number of sensing unit, reduce system cost, through great many of experiments and theoretical analysis, the strain sensitivity of this sensor can reach 1.1 μ ε/pm, and temperature resolution can reach 0.1 DEG C/pm.
Quasi-distributed sensor based on micro-structure fiber optic Fabry-Perot cavity quasi provided by the invention, its course of work is: sensor fibre 4 is close to or imbed need monitor temperature or stress region in, the wide spectrum optical that the wide spectrum optical that wide spectrum light source 1 sends is sent by optical fiber circulator 2 wideband light source 1 enters single-mode fiber 4 through optical fiber circulator 2, reflected by the sensing unit 3 on sensor fibre 4, reflected signal enters spectroanalysis instrument 5 through optical fiber circulator 2, and the spectroscopic data that spectroanalysis instrument 5 gathers is analyzed by data processor 6.Due to the reflectance spectrum difference of the micro-structure fiber optic Fabry-Perot cavity that the mask plate that the cycle is different is made into, the sensing unit grouping that data processor 6 can make different templates according to reflectance spectrum, realizes wavelength-division multiplex.The chamber length of the micro-structure fiber optic Fabry-Perot cavity of same template construct is different, and according to Fabry-Perot effect, the meticulous reflectance spectrum of Fabry-Perot cavity is nearly sinusoidal waveform.The periodicity of the Fabry-Perot cavity reflectance spectrum that different chambeies is long is different, and data processor 6 can utilize Fourier spectrum analysis that the spectral signal demodulation of micro-structure fiber optic Fabry-Perot cavity long for different cavity is restored.When external environment parameter changes, after sensing unit applying effect, the size of action can calculate the environment parameter changing value of this position by the size of this sensing unit reflectance spectrum peak side-play amount.
Below provide the example of the embody rule of the quasi-distributed sensor that is used the present invention to set up.
The wavelength coverage of wide spectrum light source is 1510nm to 1590nm.Whole sensor comprises altogether 9 microstructured optical fibers Fabry-Perot resonance sensing units, and spectrum as shown in Figure 4.Be divided into three groups by wavelength, centre wavelength is respectively 1538nm, 1553nm, 1568nm, and bandwidth is about 10nm, often has again the micro-structure fiber optic Fabry-Perot cavity that three kinds of chambeies are long in group, is respectively 2mm, 4mm, 6mm.Fourier transform is carried out to one group of sensing unit spectrum that centre wavelength is 1568nm, obtain frequency spectrum as shown in Figure 5, can find out, frequency spectrum there are 3 peak values, the corresponding sensor unit of each peak value, can restore the reflectance spectrum of each sensing unit, accordingly according to the drift of reflectance spectrum peak, can know and stress, temperature action that each sensing unit is subject to realize accurate distributed sensor.
The ultraviolet phase mask of Fiber Bragg Grating FBG inscribes technology comparative maturity, method for making is simple, the equipment adopted is conventional equipment, therefore implementation method is simple, cheap, all sensing units are integrated on a single-mode fiber, and structure is simple, and highly sensitive temperature, stress monitoring can be realized, there is good practical value.
It should be noted last that, above embodiment is only in order to illustrate technical scheme of the present invention and unrestricted, although with reference to preferred embodiment to invention has been detailed description, those of ordinary skill in the art is to be understood that, can modify to technical scheme of the present invention or equivalent replacement, and not departing from the spirit and scope of technical solution of the present invention, it all should be encompassed in the middle of right of the present invention.
Claims (2)
1. based on the quasi-distributed sensor of micro-structure fiber optic Fabry-Perot cavity quasi, it is characterized in that: this quasi-distributed sensor comprises wideband light source (1), optical fiber circulator (2), sensing unit (3), sensor fibre (4), spectroanalysis instrument (5) and data processor (6), wherein: described sensing unit (3) has multiple, each is a micro-structure fiber optic Fabry-Perot cavity; Three ports of optical fiber circulator (2) are connected with wideband light source (1), the sensor fibre (4) being integrated with all sensing units, spectroanalysis instrument (5) respectively, and spectroanalysis instrument (5) is connected with data processor (6) by data line;
Each micro-structure fiber optic Fabry-Perot cavity has specific chamber length and reflectance spectrum, wherein: appearance Fabry-Perot cavity together in chamber is multiple, the reflectance spectrum of these Fabry-Perot cavities is all not identical, and reflection bandwidth does not overlap mutually, is inscribed by the phase mask plate of different cycles; The Fabry-Perot cavity that reflectance spectrum is identical is multiple, and the chamber of these Fabry-Perot cavities is long all not identical, and the spacing between the Fiber Bragg Grating FBG also namely forming Fabry-Perot cavity is different; The Fiber Bragg Grating FBG grid region length adopted is greater than 2 μm and is less than 5mm, and reflectivity is less than 0.1dB, and centre wavelength is identical;
Described sensor fibre (4) is the single-mode fiber (7) that multiple sensing unit (3) has been inscribed in a series connection;
Described sensing unit (3) is made up of two Fiber Bragg Grating FBGs of the diverse location be directly scribed on single-mode fiber (7) by phase masks, two Fiber Bragg Grating FBGs of composition sensing unit (3), by ultraviolet light (12) through block through metal baffle (11) only stay next narrow slit phase mask plate (9) after, directly form in the upper inscription of single-mode fiber (7), narrow slit width determines the length in Fiber Bragg Grating FBG grid region; In scribing process, first a Bragg grating is made, after completing, after the distance that electricity driving displacement platform (10) is mobile certain, inscribe second Fiber Bragg Grating FBG, the displacement of electricity driving displacement platform (10) determines that the chamber of structured optical fiber Fabry-Perot cavity is long.
2. quasi-distributed sensor according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: the reflectance spectrum of this quasi-distributed sensor is tested by spectroanalysis instrument (5) or fiber Bragg grating (FBG) demodulator, and by data line transfer to data processor (6); Data processor (6) is first according to the difference of reflection wavelength, the data of transmission are divided into groups, spectrum analysis is carried out to the data after grouping, the peak value that the long different sensing unit in chamber is corresponding on frequency spectrum is different, restore the spectral signal of single sensing unit accordingly, according to the changing value of its spectral signal measure of the change external environment condition parameter.
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| CN110926646A (en) * | 2019-11-13 | 2020-03-27 | 重庆大学 | Micro-nano optical fiber method-amber sensor for high-speed dynamic temperature measurement and manufacturing method |
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