Background technology
The colliery is one of important basic industries, and it is more to be engaged in the coal mining number, in all kinds of mining industry, accounts for the first place.Pneumoconiosis is the main occupational disease in colliery, and it not only influences the production and the development of coal enterprise, and seriously jeopardizes people's health and lives.
To dust granules size and proportion, be divided into four instrumentation scopes: at present greater than 10 microns; 5-10 microns; 2-5 microns; Less than 2 microns.Wherein, to human harm maximum be the dust below 5 microns.Except the invisible dust bigger, also exist a large amount of " floating dust " in the colliery to the human injury.
General spraying is not ideal to the effect of removing " respirable dust ", mainly is that particle diameter is between 200-600 microns because the particle diameter of water smoke is too big.Say from aerodynamic principle, thinner, close water smoke with dust size, optimal proportion is 0.8-1.3, more can from air-flow, remove dust effectively.Therefore, people update sprayer, so that water smoke sprays carefullyyer, even less than " respirable dust " particle grain size.Yet,, worry that water smoke will evaporate rapidly less than 100% space in relative temperature before capturing dust along with water smoke is more and more thinner.
Existing atomizer is that employing is centrifugal or breaking mostly; Also have the part scholar that ultrasonic atomizatio is studied, they have advantage separately on commercial Application, but when the colliery down-hole application of fire prevention, requirement of explosion proof is arranged; There is its limitation to be that centrifugal and breaking atomizer all is rotary sprayings; And dust concentration is higher under the mine, pollution is big, poor lubrication, and dust falls into bearing with droplet, and rotating part very easily damages; Next is that the ultrasonic atomizing nozzle that industry is upward used is an inverse piezoelectric effect; Cause the mechanically deform of crystal by alternating electric field; Thereby the generation acoustic vibration promptly changes acoustic energy into by electric energy, and this ultrasonic atomizing nozzle structure can obtain very high audible frequency and acoustical power; But, but be difficult to apply for the mine of fire-proof and explosion-proof requirement; The 3rd is that traditional atomizer water smoke particle diameter is big, undesirable to the seizure effect of respirable dust, and as easy as rolling off a logly forms ponding at working face, influences ordinary production.
Existing Hartmann oscillator is widely used in industry, like sound wave ashing, utilizes the effect of sound field energy, removes the material superficial dust and is suspended in dust in air; Ultrasonic atomizatio utilizes the fluid whistle to produce ultrasonic wave and forms water smoke etc.The present invention is optimized for Wei Duoxinsiji tapered curve with the convergent mouth of gas whistle nozzle on the basis of Hartmann oscillator; To improve the phonation efficiency at the gas whistle; The vortex gas whistle has simple in structure in addition again; Do not have mechanical moving component, need not the advantage of power supply, propose a kind of fire prevention under the coal mine and explosion-proof ultrasonic atomizing nozzle of being applicable to.
Summary of the invention
Based on the characteristics and the deficiency of above-mentioned prior art, also combine colliery down-hole fireproof, specific (special) requirements such as explosion-proof, the present invention provides a kind of ultrasonic atomizatio depositing dust nozzle that is used under the coal mine.
In order to realize a kind of ultrasonic atomizatio depositing dust nozzle that is used under the coal mine, the measure that the present invention taked comprises that the vortex gas whistle of being fixed in the nozzle body is linked with the gas whistle three parts, wherein:
The said vortex gas whistle be with inlet channel vertically along the tangential direction setting of cylindrical cavity and feed cylindrical cavity, cylindrical cavity along the cylindrical cavity axis be fixed in the gas whistle nozzle UNICOM on the nozzle body pedestal;
The said gas whistle is to be made up of gas whistle nozzle that is fixed in the nozzle body bottom and the corresponding gas whistle resonator that is fixed in the nozzle body top, and outer periphery is equipped with formation sonication range of atomization, nozzle body formation space at the gas whistle;
Said nozzle body is to be arranged at the peripheral nozzle body cylindrical shell in the gas whistle and the nozzle body pedestal at the vortex gas whistle connects and composes; And at the gas whistle peripheral nozzle body cylindrical shell bottom is provided with water inlet; Top axis is provided with the adjusting bolt hole, and end is provided with nozzle in the top side.
The said vortex gas whistle is " protruding " font structure, and its air intake duct and gas off-take diameter ratio are 2:1, and is provided with one section external screw thread in the periphery of gas off-take, is used to connect gas whistle nozzle, and air intake duct is connected on the nozzle body pedestal; Said adjusting bolt is the spacing L that regulates gas whistle nozzle and gas whistle resonator
1, its adjustable range is 8 ~ 12mm;
Said gas whistle nozzle is the convergent mouth of Wei Duoxinsiji tapered curve, and its afterbody is provided with internal thread, is fixedly connected on the nozzle body pedestal;
Said gas whistle resonator head is a concave shaped, the both sides chamfering, and the afterbody fillet, and offer the top that a screwed hole is used to regulate, be connected the nozzle body cylindrical shell in central axis;
Said nozzle body cylindrical shell is offered a hole in central axis, the both sides chamfering, and end offers the conical nozzle hole in the top side, and afterbody offers four holes, is used to connect the vortex gas whistle.
A kind of ultrasonic atomizatio depositing dust nozzle that is used under the coal mine provided by the present invention, compared with prior art, its ultrasonic atomizing nozzle adopts the air-flow acoustical generator, and under coal mine, install and use in the process and can not produce spark, dependable performance during operate as normal, cleaning is convenient; Adopt the combined type ultrasonic atomizatio, the drop bigger to diameter carries out secondary-atomizing, improved nebulization efficiency and power.Simultaneously according to requirement, through regulating the spacing of gas whistle nozzle and gas whistle resonator, variable spray patterns and the air saturation pattern of being changed to atomizing effect.
The specific embodiment
Specific embodiments of the invention is made further explanation:
A kind of ultrasonic atomizatio depositing dust nozzle that is used under the coal mine of embodiment of the present invention is excessive and utilize inverse piezoelectric effect to convert electrical energy into ultrasonic energy may to produce spark to existing centrifugal, breaking spraying droplet diameter, and production brings hidden danger to downhole safety.The present invention proposes a kind of no friction means, and depositing dust is used ultrasonic atomizing nozzle under the coal mine of no electricity or chemicals, to satisfy colliery down-hole fireproof, special requirement such as explosion-proof.
The present invention adopts the ultrasonic atomizatio depositing dust under coal mine; Said ultrasonic wave has good directivity, reflectivity and penetration capacity; Can in gas, liquid and solid medium, propagate; Produce various ultrasonic effects, like mechanical effect, fuel factor, chemical effect, acoustic cavitation etc., ultrasonic wave also has the effect of seizure to fine dust.It is little that dust pelletizing system is taken up an area of the space simultaneously, can save the useful space; Compare with general deduster, ultrasonic atomizatio have reduce energy consumption, high efficiency, maintenance less, characteristics such as expense is low.Therefore, the using ultrasound technology carries out depositing dust and increases space humidity fine dust having under very strong operability and the economic serviceability, particularly coal mine.
The present invention utilizes the principle at ultrasonic atomizatio theory, Hartmann oscillator and the vortex gas whistle, and the ultrasonic atomizatio depositing dust nozzle that proposes under a kind of coal mine is used for depositing dust under the coal mine, and its design principle is following:
Based on Lang formula d=0.34 (8 π γ/ρ f
2)
1/3, wherein: d is the diameter of water, and γ is the surface tension of water, and ρ is the density of water, and f is a supersonic frequency.Explanation changes under the little coal mine at temperature and pressure, and the diameter of water droplets is inversely proportional to frequency of ultrasonic, that is to say that frequency of ultrasonic is high more, and the diameter of water droplets is more little.In order to improve frequency of ultrasonic and acoustical power; The nozzle arrangements that adopts is with the atomization space that is ejected into the secondary high frequency gas whistle through the big drop of one-level low-frequency ultrasonic atomizing; The drop that atomizing particle is bigger will further be atomized into trickle droplet; According to the mining face under mine environment, can adjust nozzle is spray patterns and air saturation pattern simultaneously.The design philosophy of its ultrasonic atomizing nozzle is following:
Adopt the vortex gas whistle 1, the said vortex gas whistle 1 is made up of air intake duct, cylindrical cavity and gas off-take; Its air intake duct is along the tangential direction of cavity; Gas off-take is then along the central axial direction of cavity.After high-speed gas got into cavity, the wall fast rotational produced vortex along the chamber, and these rotating flows are radiated the medium from outlet, produce continuous pressure fluctuation then with medium interaction, in the time just produced sound wave.Its audible frequency theoretical relationship is: f=a (c/ π d) (p
1-p
2/ p
2)
1/2F is a frequency in the formula, and a is the constant less than 1, and c is the velocity of sound, and d is the cylindrical cavity diameter, p
1Be inlet pressure, p
2Be gas off-take pressure.
Adopt the gas whistle 2, the said gas whistle 2 is made up of the nozzle resonant cavity, in order to improve the phonation efficiency at the gas whistle, the convergent mouth at the gas whistle is designed to Wei Duoxinsiji tapered curve.When high-speed gas sprays from spray chamber, because the sudden contraction in spray chamber cross section can make that the gas pressure before the spray chamber demonstrates periodic variation.When high-speed gas gets into resonator, just produce gas replenishment process in the chamber, and cause feedback flow to press rising gradually, recoil gas and incident gas collide each other, on perpendicular to the symmetry axis direction, form sonication.The Theoretical Calculation of its audible frequency is according to being according to the linear acoustic theory whistle frequency formula of must giving vent to anger for people such as Brocher: f=c/4L, and wherein, c is the velocity of sound, L is the degree of depth of resonant cavity.Can be known that by frequency formula the audible frequency at the gas whistle is inversely proportional to the resonant cavity degree of depth, can change the degree of depth of resonant cavity through regulating adjusting nut 11, audible frequency also can change.
Make further detailed description in the face of a kind of specific embodiment that is used for the ultrasonic atomizatio depositing dust nozzle under the coal mine provided by the present invention down:
A kind ofly be used for ultrasonic atomizatio depositing dust nozzle under the coal mine, comprise that the vortex gas whistle, the gas whistle and nozzle body three parts constitute, wherein:
The vortex gas whistle of being adopted is made up of air intake duct, circular cylindrical cavity and gas off-take; Gas off-take and air intake duct diameter ratio are 2:1; Distance between air intake duct center and gas off-take upper surface is 5 ~ 8 times of air intake duct diameter, its air intake duct along the tangential direction gas off-take of cavity then along the axis direction of cavity.When high-speed gas gets into cavity, the wall fast rotational along the chamber and produce vortex, rotation gas to medium, produces pressure fluctuation from the outlet radiation continuously with medium interaction, just produced sound wave afterwards.The vortex gas whistle is simple in structure, movement-less part, and good reliability, and need not the electricity or the chemicals energy is to having unique advantage under the high ground coal mine of fire prevention, requirement of explosion proof.But consider that from aspects such as phonation efficiencies acoustical power output is not high with the ratio of inlet air flow power, therefore, gas off-take is connected in series a gas whistle at the vortex gas whistle.
The said gas whistle is made up of the nozzle resonant cavity, and the convergent mouth at its gas whistle is designed to Wei Duoxinsiji tapered curve, can effectively reduce the blockage effect to jet, improves phonation efficiency.After high-speed gas gets into whistle nozzle from the ejection of vortex gas whistle gas off-take, because the sudden contraction in spray chamber cross section can make that the gas pressure before the spray chamber demonstrates periodic variation.When high-speed gas gets into resonator, just produce gas replenishment process in the chamber, and cause feedback flow to press rising gradually, recoil gas and incident gas collide each other, on perpendicular to the symmetry axis direction, form sonication.Injection stream produces a compressional wave at humorous accent and in the chamber, propagates, and is reflected at the bottom of the chamber to the accent place then, and the generation compressional wave that is reflected is once again propagated in the chamber, forms the high-frequency sound wave, and the water droplet that diameter is bigger further is atomized into water droplet.
When needs during to the surrounding environment humidifying; Can regulate the distance between the adjusting bolt 11 change whistle nozzle resonant cavity on the nozzle body; According to the characteristic at the whistle, audible frequency will change, by the theory of the ultrasonic atomizatio of Lang formula; Fogdrop diameter will change along with the change of supersonic frequency, can reach the job requirement that needs thus.
Embodiment 1
The gas off-take at the vortex gas whistle 5 and gas whistle nozzle 6 adopts and is threaded, and the gas off-take screw thread at the vortex gas whistle 5 is screwed to the end.The resonator 7 at the gas whistle and nozzle body 8 are connected through regulating bolt 11, are coated with the last layer sizing material at the screw thread place that regulates bolt 11 simultaneously, and it is bonding in aggregates to regulate bolt 11 and gas whistle resonator 7, and screw thread is screwed to the end and gets final product.Couple together with regulating bolt 11 by nut 12 and bullet pad 13 then, and nut 12 and bullet pad 13 glue is solid on nozzle body 8.The purpose of doing like this is for the spacing of 7 of the diameter of the nozzle contraction mouth that guarantees gas whistle nozzle 6 and gas whistle nozzle 6 and gas whistle resonators is consistent, to reach best atomizing effect; Because nut 12, bullet pad 13 form an integral body with nozzle body 8; Can control the spacing of the resonator 7 at gas whistle nozzle 6, the gas whistle through rotation adjusting bolt 11; According to the characteristic at the gas whistle, can change supersonic frequency, by the characteristic of ultrasonic atomizatio; The variation of frequency can cause the change of fogdrop diameter, has so just reached the adjustable purpose of atomizing effect.After accomplishing above-mentioned connection, nozzle body 8 is connected with the vortex gas whistle 5 usefulness bolts.
During depositing dust, be communicated with compressed air by air intake duct 4 in atomizing earlier, the pressure of gas is adjustable continuously between 0.2 ~ 0.5MPa, and nozzle body 8 gentle whistle nozzles 6, gas whistle resonator 7 are cleared up.Connect the static pressure water source by water inlet 9 then, fine mist is by nozzle 10 ejections.
When needs during to air saturation, through adjusting nut 11, the distance between adjustable solar term whistle resonator 7 and the gas whistle nozzle 6; According to the characteristic at the gas whistle, its audible frequency will change, by the characteristic of ultrasonic atomizatio; The diameter of droplet also will change; According to the requirement of site environment, suitably increase the flow of static pressure water, to reach the purpose of humidifying air.