CN102684546A - Friction generator - Google Patents
Friction generator Download PDFInfo
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- CN102684546A CN102684546A CN2012101499408A CN201210149940A CN102684546A CN 102684546 A CN102684546 A CN 102684546A CN 2012101499408 A CN2012101499408 A CN 2012101499408A CN 201210149940 A CN201210149940 A CN 201210149940A CN 102684546 A CN102684546 A CN 102684546A
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02N—ELECTRIC MACHINES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H02N1/00—Electrostatic generators or motors using a solid moving electrostatic charge carrier
- H02N1/04—Friction generators
Abstract
The invention provides a friction generator. The friction generator comprises two electrodes; the electrode comprises a macromolecular polymer insulating layer; a micro-nano concave-convex structure is arranged on one side surface of the macromolecular polymer insulating layer, and a metal film is arranged on the other side surface; the surface of the electrode micro-nano concave-convex structure of one insulating layer is directly attached to the surface of the electrode micro-nano concave-convex structure of the other insulating layer, and the two are fixedly connected through the outer edge; and the metal film is an electrode for outputting voltage and current of the friction generator. The invention provides a novel and effective method for obtaining energy by use of the friction effect. The friction generator generates electric energy by use of the potential change of the internal electrification by friction and the inductive effect of the metal pole plates on the two sides; and the method is simple and efficient and the cost is low.
Description
Background technology
The collection of energy of employing nanometer technology and conversion equipment are owing to its unique self power generation and drive character certainly; In manufacturing and driving self-powered nano-device and nanosystems device, play critical effect probably, received the increasing concern of various countries researcher recently.2006, the Wang Zhonglin of georgia ,u.s.a Institute of Technology professor seminar successfully realized utilizing zinc oxide nanowire mechanical energy to be changed into the piezoelectric type nano generator of electric energy first.Subsequently, be the basis with the piezoelectric effect, developed in succession based on the various nano generators of different materials and structure.At present, the power output of nano generator is enough to drive commercial light-emitting diode (LED), small-sized LCD even self-power wireless data transfer equipment.Power density has also reached 1-10mW/cm
3
Usually, generator is a kind ofly can generate electric charge, positive and negative charge is separated, and drive the method for free electron stream with the electric charge that electromotive force produces, and it can be the basis with electromagnetism, piezoelectricity, thermoelectricity even electrostatic effect.Nano generator relies on the piezoelectricity electromotive force that zinc oxide nanowire generated to realize generating.On the other hand, frictional electricity and electrostatic phenomenon are a kind of very general phenomenon, are present in each aspect in our daily life, drive or the like from walking to.Because it is difficult to be collected and utilize, often by a kind of energy form that people ignored.If we can collect fricative electric energy or utilize this method that irregular kinetic energy in the daily life is changed into the electric energy that can utilize through a kind of new method, will produce material impact to our daily life.By the end of so far, static micro generator has been developed success, and is used widely in micro electronmechanical (MEMS) field.But the design of miniature electrostatic generator mainly is the basis with the inorganic silicon material, and the manufacturing of device needs complicated technology and accurate operation.The preparation of whole device needs large-scale instrument and equipment and special working condition, and the cost cost is too high, is unfavorable for the commercialization and the daily use of generator.One Chinese patent application number is 200910080638.X; Disclose a kind of revolving frictional generator, this generator utilizes the frictional electricity phenomenon to generate electricity, and the stator friction material of outer casing inner wall closely contacts with the friction rotor material of armature spindle drum outer wall; Through the rotor beam barrel; Make stator friction material and the spin friction of friction rotor storeroom, produce electric current, and draw by the rotor output.But this revolving frictional generator needs specific mechanical energy to drive, and can not be used for collecting and changing irregular kinetic energy, and like the motion of human muscle's part and unordered wind energy etc., and this device generating efficiency is not high.
Summary of the invention
The present invention provides the triboelectricity machine that a kind of applied environment is wider, generating efficiency is higher for solving the problems of the prior art.
The invention provides a kind of triboelectricity machine; Comprise first electrode and second electrode; Said first electrode comprises the first high molecular polymer insulating barrier, and the said first high molecular polymer insulating barrier, one side surface is the micro-nano concaveconvex structure, and the opposite side surface is provided with metallic film; Said second electrode comprises the second high molecular polymer insulating barrier, and the said second high molecular polymer insulating barrier, one side surface is the micro-nano concaveconvex structure, and the opposite side surface is provided with metallic film; The surface of the said first electrode micro-nano concaveconvex structure is fixedly connected over against applying and through outer ledge with the surface of the second electrode micro-nano concaveconvex structure; Metallic film on the said first high molecular polymer insulating barrier and the metallic film on the second high molecular polymer insulating barrier are the voltage and current output electrode of triboelectricity machine.
The present invention also provides a kind of triboelectricity unit, is connected or is composed in parallel by monomer triboelectricity machine of the present invention, to improve the power output of output current or unit are.
Said high molecular polymer insulating barrier of the present invention is selected from polyimide film, aniline-formaldehyde resin film, polyformaldehyde film, ethyl cellulose film, polyamide film, melamino-formaldehyde film, polyethylene glycol succinate film, cellophane, cellulose acetate film, polyethylene glycol adipate film, polydiallyl phthalate film, fiber (regeneration) sponge film, elastic polyurethane body thin film, styrene-acrylonitrile copolymer copolymer film, styrene-butadiene-copolymer film, staple fibre film, gathers the methyl film; A kind of in methacrylic acid ester film, polyvinyl alcohol film, polyvinyl alcohol film, polyester film, polyisobutene film, polyurethane flexible sponge film, pet film, polyvinyl butyral film, formaldehyde phenol film, neoprene film, butadiene-propylene copolymer film, natural rubber film, polyacrylonitrile film, acrylonitrile vinyl chloride film and the polyethylene third diphenol carbonate film, but the said first high molecular polymer insulating barrier is different with the said second high molecular polymer insulating barrier material.If the first high molecular polymer insulating barrier of first electrode is identical with the second high molecular polymer insulating barrier material of second electrode, can cause the quantity of electric charge of triboelectrification very little.
Said first electrode and second electrode constitute respectively through making its flexible flat structure crooked arbitrarily, that distortion produces said electrode triboelectrification.The flexible flat structure can enlarge the applied environment of triboelectricity machine, collects and change irregular kinetic energy, like the motion of human muscle's part and unordered wind energy etc.
The micro-nano concaveconvex structure of the said first high molecular polymer insulating barrier and the second high molecular polymer surface of insulating layer is small concaveconvex structure.More preferably the concavo-convex nanoscale that is preferably of micro-nano is to micron-sized concavo-convex, and size is 50nm-300nm, and nano concavo-convex CONTACT WITH FRICTION area is big, can improve triboelectrification efficient.
Said first electrode can be connected through modes such as adhesive tapes with the outer ledge of second electrode.
Metallic film on the said first high molecular polymer insulating barrier and the second high molecular polymer insulating barrier all is plated on surface of insulating layer through vacuum sputtering or vapour deposition method.Said metallic film can be the material of any conduction, like transparent conductive film, conducting polymer, stainless steel etc.; Be preferably gold, silver, platinum, aluminium, nickel, copper, titanium, iron, a kind of in selenium and the alloy thereof, thickness is preferably 50nm-200nm.
Frictional electricity generator provided by the invention relies on the charge pump effect of frictional electricity electromotive force, and this is a kind of simple, the low-cost and method that can be mass-produced.With the double-decker is the basis, and electricity output reaches crest voltage 3.3V, electric current 0.6 μ A, peak power density 10.4mW/cm
3Compare with existing other miniature collection of energy method, frictional electricity generator of the present invention has following special advantages.At first, this is a kind of novel electricity generator that is the basis with the principle and the method for novelty, and it opens up new research field for the research and the application of organic electronic device and flexible electronic possibly; Secondly, the manufacturing process of entire device does not need expensive raw material and advanced manufacturing equipment, and this will help its large-scale industrial production and practical application.At last, this device is the basis with the flexible polymer sheet, is prone to processing, the long service life of device, and easily and other processing technology integrated.The frictional electricity generator shows its good prospects for application; Can from numerous irregular activities such as mankind's activity, tyre rotation, wave, mechanical oscillation, obtain energy; Can be personal electric product, environmental monitoring, medical science etc. provides self-powered and drives equipment certainly, and huge commercialization and practical potentiality are arranged.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of triboelectricity machine of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is the micro-nano concaveconvex structure sketch map of the surface of insulating layer of triboelectricity machine of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is the power generation process change in electrical charge sketch map of triboelectricity machine of the present invention.
Among the figure: 1-metallic film, the 2-first high molecular polymer insulating barrier, the 3-second high molecular polymer insulating barrier, the micro-nano concaveconvex structure of 4-surface of insulating layer.
Embodiment
Below, further specify in conjunction with the accompanying drawing specific embodiments of the invention.
One of accompanying drawing 1 expression is the typical structure of the triboelectricity machine on basis with the high molecular polymer.The triboelectricity machine is just as a sandwich structure of being made up of two kinds of various polymerization thing sheets, and two polymer sheets are stacked each other on together, and interlayer has no binding.As shown in Figure 1; (polyimide film (the thickness 125 μ m of 4.5cm * 1.2cm) of a rectangle; The 500HN of Du Pont; Kapton in the accompanying drawing 3), is placed on the second high molecular polymer insulating barrier, the 2 flexible polyester film substrate (thickness 220 μ m, PET in the accompanying drawing 3) as the high molecular polymer insulating barrier 4 of first electrode.The edge of two weak points of this device seals with common adhesive plaster, guarantees the appropriateness contact of two polymer insulation layer.The method of two surfaces of this structural top and bottom through sputter coating is coated with alloying metal film 1 (thickness 100nm, Au in the accompanying drawing 3) and makes electrode.Metallic film plays two important function here: (1) can respond to two high polymer sheet boundary zones because fricative potential change generates equivalent but electrical opposite dislocation charge; (2) positive and negative electrode as generator directly is connected with external circuit, is the output electrode of the voltage and current of triboelectricity machine.The whole preparation process of this device is simple, can large-scale production.Therefore, the present invention can realize under the condition of lower cost, less raw material and manufacturing procedure.
As shown in Figure 2, have micro-nano concaveconvex structure 4 on the surface of flexible polyimide film and polyester film substrate, this micro-nano concaveconvex structure 4 can increase frictional resistance, improves generating efficiency.Said micro-nano concaveconvex structure 4 can directly form when film preparation, and method that also can enough polishings makes the surface with the high molecular polymer film form irregular micro-nano concaveconvex structure.
Fig. 3 is the diagram of triboelectricity machine electricity generating principle.When external force acted on the device, two high polymer layers produced deformation, and contacted with each other in the zone at interface and rub.The external force mechanism makes two polymeric layer generation slide relative.The result that the low degree friction is caused is; Because the existence of two polymer film surface roughness; Equivalent but electrically opposite electrostatic charge generating at the interface and be distributed on two various polymerization thing film surfaces; Polyester film surface is mainly positively charged, and the polyimide film surface is mainly electronegative, so just at the dipole layer that has formed the electromotive force that is referred to as to rub at the interface.And this dipole layer just forms a built-in potential between two planar metal pole plates.Because polymer film itself insulate, so induced charge can not led away rapidly or neutralize.Generate the influence to whole system in order to offset built-in potential, metal polar plate is inducing electrically opposite free charge respectively, and the free charge of sensing will neutralize under the situation of circuit turn-on outside, through load and then formation extrinsic current.When the external force effect disappeared, two polymer films returned to formation state by case of bending, and slide relative and friction take place in this process once more, and dipole layer changes owing to the neutralization of electric charge at the interface, and built-in potential changes simultaneously.The change of built-in potential will cause two metal polar plates to be responded to once more, produce and the antipodal free charge of case of bending.When free charge is flowed through the external circuit load, form once more with crooked situation under opposite extrinsic current.Through repeated friction and recovery, just can in external circuit, form periodic ac signal.
Power generation process among Fig. 3 describes in further detail, and the first step is a friction process, produces the local electric charge at interface zone, forms built-in potential.Second step was an induction process; When device produced mechanical deformation, the distance between two metal polar plates changed, the change of electric capacity and the generation of built-in potential in causing; And then can cause the redistribution of two metal polar plate generation free charges, when flowing through the external circuit load, free charge forms extrinsic current.Have only when between two electrodes electrical potential difference being arranged, just can form moving of free charge and the generation electric current, and electrical potential difference causes just because of the triboelectrification effect.The 3rd step was a N-process, when disappearing to applied external force, two high polymer films return to original state.The spacing of two metal polar plates returns to original state, and interior electric capacity changes once more, and built-in potential weakens owing to the mutual neutralization of electric charge or disappears.Two metal polar plates that before reached electric potential balancing produce electrical potential difference once more.The 4th step was a recovery process, and the free charge external circuit of under the driving of electrical potential difference, flowing through forms electric current, equated up to the electromotive force of two metal polar plates.The foreign current of electrical opposite in sign when in this process, forming with device deformation.Whole process is exactly the process of the frictional electricity generator output AC signal of telecommunication.Finally, when generator was removed in frictional force, two high-polymer membranes will recover their original shape, and CHARGE DISTRIBUTION also returns to reset condition.The whole generating process is referring to accompanying drawing 3.
In the present embodiment, be the performance of characterize polymers frictional electricity generator, the electric property of this device is characterized.Owing to the existence of polymer insulation layer between two metal electrodes, this device reveals typical open circuit characteristic at the meter of I-V (current-voltage).The stepping motor of life cycle vibration (0.33Hz and 0.13% tension force) makes the crooked of frictional electricity generator generating period and discharges; The maximum output voltage of frictional electricity generator and current signal have reached 3.3V and 0.6 μ A respectively, and peak power output density reaches 10.4mW/cm
3
Triboelectricity machine of the present invention satisfies the linear superposition theorem that basic circuit connects, and when promptly no matter being connected to measurement mechanism forward or backwards, total output current can be enhanced (equidirectional) with the mode of parallelly connected device or reduces (opposite direction).Thereby mode that can be through a plurality of frictional electricity generators of parallel connection, and, increase output current with this because the thin panel construction of frictional electricity generator can assemble the multilayer generator simultaneously.Certainly, also can form the triboelectricity unit, to improve the power output of unit are through a plurality of frictional electricity generators of series connection.
More than, the present invention has showed and has a kind ofly utilized innovation that rubbing action obtains energy and effective method.The frictional electricity generator relies on the electrify variation of electromotive force and the inductive effect of both sides metal polar plate of internal friction to produce electric energy, and it is a kind of simple, efficient and low cost method.
The present invention is not limited to above-mentioned execution mode, and under the situation that does not deviate from flesh and blood of the present invention, any distortion that those skilled in the art can expect, improvement, replacement all fall into scope of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. a triboelectricity machine is characterized in that, comprises first electrode and second electrode,
Said first electrode comprises the first high molecular polymer insulating barrier, and the said first high molecular polymer insulating barrier, one side surface is the micro-nano concaveconvex structure, and the opposite side surface is provided with metallic film;
Said second electrode comprises the second high molecular polymer insulating barrier, and the said second high molecular polymer insulating barrier, one side surface is the micro-nano concaveconvex structure, and the opposite side surface is provided with metallic film;
The surface of the said first electrode micro-nano concaveconvex structure is fixedly connected over against applying and through outer ledge with the surface of the said second electrode micro-nano concaveconvex structure;
Metallic film on metallic film on the said first high molecular polymer insulating barrier and the said second high molecular polymer insulating barrier is the voltage and current output electrode of said triboelectricity machine.
2. triboelectricity machine according to claim 1; It is characterized in that; Said first high molecular polymer insulating barrier and the said second high molecular polymer insulating barrier are selected from polyimide film, aniline-formaldehyde resin film, polyformaldehyde film, ethyl cellulose film, polyamide film, melamino-formaldehyde film, polyethylene glycol succinate film, cellophane, cellulose acetate film, polyethylene glycol adipate film, polydiallyl phthalate film, fiber (regeneration) sponge film, elastic polyurethane body thin film, styrene-acrylonitrile copolymer copolymer film, styrene-butadiene-copolymer film, staple fibre film respectively, gather the methyl film; A kind of in methacrylic acid ester film, polyvinyl alcohol film, polyvinyl alcohol film, polyester film, polyisobutene film, polyurethane flexible sponge film, pet film, polyvinyl butyral film, formaldehyde phenol film, neoprene film, butadiene-propylene copolymer film, natural rubber film, polyacrylonitrile film, acrylonitrile vinyl chloride film and the polyethylene third diphenol carbonate film, but the said first high molecular polymer insulating barrier material is different with the said second high molecular polymer insulating barrier material.
3. triboelectricity machine according to claim 1 is characterized in that, said first electrode and second electrode constitute the flexible flat structure that can produce triboelectrification through any bending or distortion respectively.
4. triboelectricity machine according to claim 1 is characterized in that, the micro-nano concaveconvex structure of said first high molecular polymer insulating barrier and the said second high molecular polymer surface of insulating layer is nanoscale to a micron-sized concaveconvex structure.
5. triboelectricity machine according to claim 1 is characterized in that, said first electrode is connected through adhesive tape with the outer ledge of said second electrode.
6. triboelectricity machine according to claim 1; It is characterized in that the metallic film on metallic film on the said first high molecular polymer insulating barrier and the said second high molecular polymer insulating barrier is plated on the said surface of insulating layer through vacuum sputtering or vapour deposition method respectively.
7. triboelectricity machine according to claim 1 is characterized in that, said metallic film material is gold, silver, platinum, aluminium, nickel, copper, titanium, iron, a kind of in selenium and the alloy thereof.
8. a triboelectricity unit is characterized in that, by the described monomer triboelectricity of claim 1-7 machine parallel connection or be composed in series.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN201210149940.8A CN102684546B (en) | 2012-05-15 | 2012-05-15 | Friction generator |
| PCT/CN2013/072493 WO2013170651A1 (en) | 2012-05-15 | 2013-03-12 | Friction generator and friction generator unit |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN201210149940.8A CN102684546B (en) | 2012-05-15 | 2012-05-15 | Friction generator |
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| CN102684546A true CN102684546A (en) | 2012-09-19 |
| CN102684546B CN102684546B (en) | 2015-03-18 |
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Also Published As
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|---|---|
| CN102684546B (en) | 2015-03-18 |
| WO2013170651A8 (en) | 2014-03-06 |
| WO2013170651A1 (en) | 2013-11-21 |
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