CN1027137C - 带有自定位针头护套的静脉施药导管 - Google Patents

带有自定位针头护套的静脉施药导管 Download PDF

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CN1027137C
CN1027137C CN89106713A CN89106713A CN1027137C CN 1027137 C CN1027137 C CN 1027137C CN 89106713 A CN89106713 A CN 89106713A CN 89106713 A CN89106713 A CN 89106713A CN 1027137 C CN1027137 C CN 1027137C
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弗朗西斯·P·勒米厄
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    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61MDEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
    • A61M5/00Devices for bringing media into the body in a subcutaneous, intra-vascular or intramuscular way; Accessories therefor, e.g. filling or cleaning devices, arm-rests
    • A61M5/178Syringes
    • A61M5/31Details
    • A61M5/32Needles; Details of needles pertaining to their connection with syringe or hub; Accessories for bringing the needle into, or holding the needle on, the body; Devices for protection of needles
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61MDEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
    • A61M25/00Catheters; Hollow probes
    • A61M25/01Introducing, guiding, advancing, emplacing or holding catheters
    • A61M25/06Body-piercing guide needles or the like
    • A61M25/0612Devices for protecting the needle; Devices to help insertion of the needle, e.g. wings or holders
    • A61M25/0618Devices for protecting the needle; Devices to help insertion of the needle, e.g. wings or holders having means for protecting only the distal tip of the needle, e.g. a needle guard
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61MDEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
    • A61M25/00Catheters; Hollow probes
    • A61M25/01Introducing, guiding, advancing, emplacing or holding catheters
    • A61M25/06Body-piercing guide needles or the like
    • A61M25/0606"Over-the-needle" catheter assemblies, e.g. I.V. catheters
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61MDEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
    • A61M5/00Devices for bringing media into the body in a subcutaneous, intra-vascular or intramuscular way; Accessories therefor, e.g. filling or cleaning devices, arm-rests
    • A61M5/14Infusion devices, e.g. infusing by gravity; Blood infusion; Accessories therefor
    • A61M5/158Needles for infusions; Accessories therefor, e.g. for inserting infusion needles, or for holding them on the body
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61MDEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
    • A61M5/00Devices for bringing media into the body in a subcutaneous, intra-vascular or intramuscular way; Accessories therefor, e.g. filling or cleaning devices, arm-rests
    • A61M5/178Syringes
    • A61M5/31Details
    • A61M5/32Needles; Details of needles pertaining to their connection with syringe or hub; Accessories for bringing the needle into, or holding the needle on, the body; Devices for protection of needles
    • A61M5/3205Apparatus for removing or disposing of used needles or syringes, e.g. containers; Means for protection against accidental injuries from used needles
    • A61M5/321Means for protection against accidental injuries by used needles
    • A61M5/3243Means for protection against accidental injuries by used needles being axially-extensible, e.g. protective sleeves coaxially slidable on the syringe barrel
    • A61M5/3273Means for protection against accidental injuries by used needles being axially-extensible, e.g. protective sleeves coaxially slidable on the syringe barrel freely sliding on needle shaft without connection to syringe or needle

Abstract

一种静脉施药装置包括一个导管与套筒装置和一个针头与套筒装置,还设有一个包括一个管状远端部分与一个带裂缝的近端凸缘的、在针头套筒的远端围绕着针头设置的针头护套。针头在靠近针尖处包括有一个接合槽。在针头装置从导管抽出时,针头护套沿针头滑动,直到针头护套的带裂缝的凸缘跟针头的接合槽接合将针头护套的管状远端部份锁定罩盖住针头的针尖时为止。

Description

本发明涉及静脉施药导管,特别涉及使用后能覆盖针尖以防止用过的针头造成意外伤害的静脉施药导管。
用于将液体输注到一个病人的外围静脉内的静脉施药导管是用在静脉施药治疗的最常用装置中的一种。静脉施药导管通常按两种型式生产:一种是穿入针头式导管,其导管穿过针头插管进入病人的静脉内;另一种是套罩针头式导管,其针头和同心的外层导管一起插入静脉中并且针头通过安置就位的导管抽出。
一个典型的套罩针头式静脉施药导管需要使用者在针尖和导管在病人静脉内正确定位后将经污染的针头取出然后处理。一旦针头从导管中抽出,使用者立即优先处置的是输液装置的连接和固位准备,包括把导管固定在病人身上。由于这些处置的紧迫性质,针头通常是撂在附近随后再收回。由于针头在此时是外露的并且放在接近使用者正在进行导管处置的位置上,所以意外的自身遭受的针头伤害是通常的。为了防止使用者感染肝炎和爱滋病的客观需要,这就出现了保护使用者不受针头意外伤害的日益增长的需求。
针对这种需求的一种导管设计公开在美国专利申请022,132(申请日是1987年3月5日)中。在该申请中所示的导管包括一个装有一个滑动的针头护套的长形体。随着针头从安置就位的导管中抽出,使用者推动在针头护套远端上的凸片,将针头护套沿针头滑出壳体,直到 护套的远端覆盖住针尖并且护套的近端锁定在壳体上为止。然后可以将针头连同护套放置在一旁,针尖完全被保护住。
虽然在该专利申请中所描述的装置提供了针对针头意外伤害的完备保护,但是滑动针头护套要超过针头长度的要求必然需要一个相当长的和体积庞大的装置。此外,由于使用者必须在护套盖住针尖并锁定就位之前沿整个针头长度推动护套的凸片,因此这种装置对于具有小手和小手指的使用者来说操作起来是有些麻烦的。
因此,希望能用一个小的针头护套来可靠地保护住针头,并且该针头护套最好能够在从病人身上抽出针头时自动地移动就位到盖住针尖的位置上而不需使用者作任何特殊动作来干预。
按照本发明的原理,提供了一种带有自定位针头护套的静脉施药导管。针头护套在针头和针头套筒结合处围绕着针头设置。在使用导管之前,具有足够长度来刚好覆盖住针头远端部分的护套是放置在导管套筒内的。该管状护套在其近端包括一个带裂缝的锁定凸缘,该凸缘将护套卡接在导管套筒内。当针头从病人身上抽出时,护套将留在导管套筒内,直到锁定凸缘与靠近针头远端设置的一个槽相接合时为止。由此,当针头从导管中完全抽出时,护套锁定就位盖住针尖。
图1是示出一个按照本发明的原理构造的静脉施药导管的透视图;
图2是示出图1所示的静脉施药导管的部分剖视图,但不包括针头护套;
图3是相当于图2的、示出针头护套就位在导管套筒中的剖视图;
图4是图3所示的针头护套的详细剖视图;
图5示出被定位在针头近端的针头护套;
图6示出被锁定在针头远端的针头护套;
图7是示出本发明的带槽静脉施药导管针头的另一个实施例的部分剖视图;
图8是示出一种设置来用于即时探测血液闪现的带槽静脉施药导管针头的部分剖视图。
首先参看图1,所示的是按照本发明的原理构造的静脉施药导管。导管10包含一个由氟化乙烯丙烯或聚氨酯材料制成的管子15。管子15在它的远端成锥状,使之易于滑进由一个中空针头12在病人身上形成的一个开口中。导管管子15的近端同轴地固定在一个导管套筒16、18的远端内。双重直径的套筒在它的近端处终接有凸片或连接配件14,所述凸片或连接配件14适用于将导管套筒连接到一个与静脉施药液体源连接以进行施药的管路装置上。
导管10与中空针头12接合,该针头12在它的近端被固接到一个针头套筒20上。针头套筒20是中空的并包括一个设在其近端的凸缘23,模制到凸缘上的是一个中空的闪现室26,它由诸如聚丙烯或者聚碳酸酯的透明的或半透明的聚合物制成。针头的近端终止在套筒20内离闪现室不远的地方。
插进闪现室26中的(图1中所示的是插入前的分离状态)是一个闪现室塞30。闪现室塞30用聚合材料制成并在插进闪现室时将靠摩擦保持就位。闪现室塞本体包含一个较小直径的远端32,其尺寸设计成与闪现室26成摩擦配合装入,还包括一个具有凸出边缘的基本上成方形的近端34,这使得闪现室塞很容易地被抓住并插进闪现室中。闪现室塞30是中空的并具有一个贯穿整个闪现室塞本体的孔,此孔的远端开口在图1中可见。一个多孔材料制成的嵌入件放置在孔内。多孔嵌入件在血液注入闪现室内时让空气能透过排出闪现室,但是嵌入件内的小孔小到足以阻止血液流动通过。
接下来参看图2,在剖视图中详细地示出导管15和它的套筒16与18,以及针头12与针头套筒20。导管15的近端通过一个衬套40固定在导管套筒的远端16的通道17内。衬套40设置在导管15的腔管的近端内。 衬套40通过压入导管的腔管内导致导管的近端膨胀使之与通道17的内表面接触,由此把套筒和导管锁定在一起以防止它们之间有轴向运动。衬套40在它的近端向外成锥形以形成一个起到相对于通道17可靠地定位住衬套40的作用的凸缘42。
中空的针头12从它的远端针尖经导管15和衬套40伸展进入在针头套筒20中心的通道27内。针头12的近端部分用环氧树脂24固接在针头套筒20的远端上。针头12的近端伸展透过环氧树脂进入通道中,使针腔在装配操作时不会被环氧树脂进入。
针头套筒20的远端28的直径比针头套筒的主体部份的直径小。这个较小直径端是设定来连接到导管套筒13的开口近端上。
在一个常规的导管和引导针头的装置中,针头套筒的较小直径的远端大致是长形的并成锥状以实质地跟导管套筒的近端内壁接合,在本发明的导管装置中,人们可以看出在导管套筒的近端18内的腔室的主要部分22是空着的,只有针头12伸展通过此区域。保留导管套筒内的这个空间的原因参看附图3就会清楚。
在图3中可以看出一个针尖护套30被放置在导管套筒的腔室内。图4是针尖护套30的一个放大了的剖视图,这护套的形象是一个带凸缘的圆柱体。护套的圆柱形远端部分32有一个内孔,其直径能使远端部分32平滑地沿针头12滑动。因此,圆柱形部分32的内径比针头的外径稍大一点。在护套30的近端是一个带有中心圆孔36的圆形锁定凸缘34,该圆孔36与圆柱形部分32的内孔同心。凸缘孔36的直径比针头12的外径稍微小一点。凸缘34和圆柱形部分32的近端部分通过一个胀槽38在水平方向裂开。针尖护套30用挠性材料制成,因此凸缘和圆柱形部分将象如下所述那样可以变形打开和重新闭合。
同时参看图3和图5,当导管和引导针头在使用之前进行装配时,针尖护套被滑套到针尖上使之滑动到一个邻近针头套筒20的远端的位 置上。由于凸缘孔36的直径比针头的外径稍小一点,因而针头将在胀槽38部位将针尖护套打开。导管和导管套筒在针头上滑动,直到套筒18如图3所示与针头套筒的远端接合。从而针尖护套30就被封闭在导管套筒的腔室22内。凸缘34的涨开使凸缘的顶部和底部跟导管套筒的内壁接合,如在图中标号39处所示。由此,针尖护套贴服地被卡持在导管套筒的腔室22内。为了确保针尖护套卡持在腔室22内,最好还在紧贴着预定的护套位置44处形成从导管套筒的内壁伸出的凸起。
在使用者已经正确地将针尖和导管的远端定位在病人的动脉或者静脉内之后,即在闪现室内现血液指示以后,就将针头与针头套筒从导管中抽出以准备将管路装置连接到导管套筒上。在针头开始抽出时,针尖护套30沿针头滑动,但由于凸缘34和导管套筒在39处接合而保持就位在腔室22中。针尖护套30沿针头滑动,如图5所示。最后,将针头往回抽,使靠近针头12的针尖的一个接合槽50与凸缘34对准。此时,护套的胀槽38由于围绕着孔36的凸缘的边缘与接合槽50相接合而闭合。由于凸缘不再撑开,所以它不再卡持在导管套筒内,而是它将离开腔室22而与针头12在接合槽50处相接合,如图6所示。然后,针头可以安全地放置在一旁而不会出现意外伤害的危险。
在一个按照本发明的原理构造的静脉施药导管中,最好是确保由成功的静脉穿刺导致的初始血液“闪流”被立即导引穿过针头腔管到达闪现室26,而没有任何血液泄漏出接合槽50。为了提供这个功能,接合槽50可以如图7所示由一片薄膜52覆盖住。薄膜52可以在槽的位置上部分地或整个地围绕着针头12。薄膜52将封住接合槽以防止血液在这一点上泄漏出针头,但是它必须具有足够的柔性,使其在护套凸缘34与接合槽50接合时只扩展而不破裂。因此针头护套30将可靠地与接合槽50相接合,而薄膜52防止了任何血液穿过接合槽泄漏出来。
但是,在一些应用场合中,希望能利用敞开的接合槽50。静脉穿 刺的标准技术要求医务人员要在针头套筒的闪现室内看到血液以确定针尖和导管是在血管内。对于小尺寸的静脉施药导管,血液的闪流是很小的,因而妨碍了在传送到闪现室的过程中被即时目视察觉。而且,需要将视线在静脉穿刺部位与在导管近端的闪现室之间来来回转移将会导致错乱。因此,希望提供更快速的血液闪流探测,并希望避免医务人员从静脉穿刺部位转移视线的需要。
这些目的可以通过利用接合槽50来早期探测到即使是小量的血液闪流而得以实现。如图8所示,接合槽50设置在紧接着针尖和导管15的锥状远端19的地方。当血管被刺破时,血液将向上流动经针头腔管至槽50,如图中54所示,血液将充满槽腔。然后血液将流经针头12与导管15之间的小间隙(如图中的56处所示)。当该腔间血流伸展超过皮肤线(由虚线60示意地表示)时,血液可在导管和注射针之间看见,如图中58处所示。因而这个小的血液闪流58通过在静脉穿刺部位的透明或半透明的导管很容易看见,这就向医务人员表明这次静脉穿刺是成功的。
应可以理解到按这种方法来探测血液闪流消除了在针头套筒的近端上设置闪现室的需要。因此,可以防止血液从通气的闪现室塞泄漏。此外,也不需要血液充满整个针头腔管,如果需要,针头腔管也可以在靠近槽50的地方堵住。因而提高了对即使是小血液闪流的快速探测。
从上面对本发明的描述,对于使用者来说外加的技术提高和改进将是明显的。例如,为了确保接合槽50与针尖护套的凸缘34之间正确对准,最好在导管套筒18的内侧和在针头套筒20的远端28的外缘以及针尖护套的边缘39处形成有相互配合的槽和凸起。通过以这种方式处理导管的组成件,接合槽50的纵向边缘将保持与护罩的胀槽38相对准,以保证护套凸缘确实地接合在接合槽内。

Claims (9)

1、一种带有自定位针头护套的静脉施药导管,它包含有:
一个包括一个连接到一个中空导管套筒上的导管的导管装置;
一个包括一个带有一个远端针尖的中空针头的引导针头装置,该针头在接近其近端处固定到一个针头套筒上,该针头套筒的远端适于与该中空导管套筒相接合;和
一个用于在针头抽离导管装置后罩盖着针头的针头护套;
其特征在于该引导针头装置的针头设有用于与该针头护套相接合的接合装置;该针头护套适于封闭在该中空导管套筒内,它包括一个具有用于跟该针头的该接合装置相接合的装置的近端部份和一个用于在该近端部份跟该针头的该接合装置相接合时伸展罩盖住该针头的针尖的远端部份。
2、按照权利要求1所述的静脉施药导管,其特征在于该针头的该接合装置是一个靠近该针头的该远端针尖设置的接合槽。
3、按照权利要求2所述的静脉施药导管,其特征在于该针头护套的该远端部分是一个其内径稍大于该针头的外径的圆柱形部分。
4、按照权利要求3所述的静脉施药导管,其特征在于该针头护套的该近端部分包含一个具有与该远端圆柱形部分对准的中心孔的凸缘,并且该针头护套的接合装置包含一个通过该凸缘的、轴向上对准的胀槽。
5、按照权利要求4所述的静脉施药导管,其特征在于在该凸缘的中心孔的边缘与该针头的该接合槽相接合时,该针头护套与该针头锁定接合。
6、按照权利要求4所述的静脉施药导管,其特征在于该凸缘的中心孔的直径小于该针头的外径;
因而该针头在其以整直径穿过该凸缘中心孔时将该凸缘沿胀槽撑开。
7、按照权利要求1所述的静脉施药导管,其特征在于该针头护套还包括一个在该针头的接合装置和该针头护套的接合装置相接合之前用来将针头护套卡持在该导管套筒内的装置。
8、按照权利要求7所述的静脉施药导管,其特征在于该针头护套的该近端部分包含一个具有一个中心孔的径向伸展的凸缘,并且该卡持装置包括一个通过该凸缘的、轴向上对准的胀槽,
因而该凸缘在该胀槽顺应该针头通过该中心孔而打开时跟该导管套筒接触。
9、一种带有自定位针头护套的静脉施药导管,它包含有:
一个包括一个连接到一个中空导管套筒上的导管的导管装置;
一个包括一个带有一个远端针尖的中空针头的引导针头装置,该针头在接近其近端处固定到一个针头套筒上;和
一个用于在针头抽离导管装置后罩盖着针头的针头护套;
其特征在于该引导针头装置的针头设有用于与该针头护套相接合的接合装置;该针头护套在起始时在该针头套筒的远端围绕着该针头设置,该针头护套包括一个具有用于跟该针头的该接合装置相接合的装置的近端部份和一个用于在该近端部份跟该针头的该接合装置相接合时伸展罩盖住针头的针尖的远端部份。
CN89106713A 1988-07-11 1989-07-11 带有自定位针头护套的静脉施药导管 Expired - Lifetime CN1027137C (zh)

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DE68904136D1 (de) 1993-02-11
CN1039728A (zh) 1990-02-21
NZ229821A (en) 1991-06-25
US4952207A (en) 1990-08-28
BR8903380A (pt) 1990-02-13
MX169084B (es) 1993-06-21
AU611817B2 (en) 1991-06-20
EP0352928B2 (en) 1995-08-30
EP0352928B1 (en) 1992-12-30
DE68904136T2 (de) 1996-01-25
PT91106A (pt) 1990-02-08
ZA895233B (en) 1991-03-27
JPH0299070A (ja) 1990-04-11
CA1313099C (en) 1993-01-26
JP2925167B2 (ja) 1999-07-28
EP0352928A1 (en) 1990-01-31
PH25761A (en) 1991-10-18
KR0136100B1 (ko) 1998-04-25
KR900001386A (ko) 1990-02-27
AU3802789A (en) 1990-01-11
PT91106B (pt) 1997-08-29

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