CN102737109A - 生成媒体内容的标签的方法和装置 - Google Patents

生成媒体内容的标签的方法和装置 Download PDF

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CN102737109A
CN102737109A CN2012101054743A CN201210105474A CN102737109A CN 102737109 A CN102737109 A CN 102737109A CN 2012101054743 A CN2012101054743 A CN 2012101054743A CN 201210105474 A CN201210105474 A CN 201210105474A CN 102737109 A CN102737109 A CN 102737109A
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弗朗西斯·加文·麦克米伦
亚历山德罗·泽利扬尼斯
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Abstract

本发明涉及生成媒体内容的标签的方法和装置。一种示例性方法包括以下步骤：获得与接收到的媒体内容的音频或视频中的至少一方关联的识别符值，该识别符值是通过以下方式中的至少一种方式获得的：从该音频或视频中的至少一方中提取识别符值、或基于该音频或视频中的至少一方的固有信息确定识别符值；生成包含该识别符值的标签；以及将标签与媒体内容存储在一起，以使得标签与媒体内容一起发送到呈现位置。

Description

生成媒体内容的标签的方法和装置
技术领域
本公开总体上涉及识别媒体内容，并且更具体地，涉及生成媒体内容的标签的方法和装置。
背景技术
媒体内容通过很多不同的分发渠道而分发。例如，同一媒体内容可以通过广播系统(例如，有线电视、卫星、陆地等)分发并且可以通过因特网分发。通过广播系统分发的媒体内容在被发送时常常被嵌入了或关联了识别信息(例如，水印)，使得可以对媒体内容在呈现位置处(例如，家庭)的曝光进行监视。另外或另选地，在分发媒体内容前，可以利用已知的识别信息来收集、标注和存储包含媒体内容的一个或更多个特性(例如，签名)的识别信息，使得稍后可以通过在接收站点处提取签名并且通过对在接收站点处提取出的签名与存储的签名进行匹配来使用识别信息来识别媒体内容。
附图说明
图1是生成媒体内容的标签和在呈现位置处获得标签以在中央设施处进行分析的示例性系统的框图。
图2是表示可以被执行以生成媒体内容的标签的示例性机器可读指令的流程图。
图3是表示可以被执行以生成具有水印的内容的标签的示例性机器可读指令的流程图。
图4是表示可以被执行以生成媒体内容的水印和标签的示例性机器可读指令的流程图。
图5是表示可以被执行以使用参考识别信息生成标签的示例性机器可读指令的流程图。
图6是表示可以被执行以验证由图1的媒体识别符工具生成的标签的示例性机器可读指令的流程图。
图7是可用于执行图2至图5和/或图6的示例性指令以实现图1的示例性装置的示例性处理器系统。
具体实施方式
技术进步带来了对用于媒体内容的识别信息(比如，水印、签名、代码等)的用途进行限定的规范的变化。换言之，被嵌入媒体内容中、与媒体内容相关联、从媒体内容提取出等的特定识别信息随着时间的推移而改变。本文中公开的示例方法、装置和制品生成了媒体内容(例如，节目或广告)的一个或更多个识别标签。
如本文中使用的，“识别信息”包括出于识别媒体内容的目的而插入媒体内容中的信息(例如，水印、代码等)和/或包括媒体内容(例如，音频、视频等)的一个或更多个方面或代表媒体内容的信号的一个或更多个方面的固有的信息(例如，签名、指纹等)，它们用于识别所述媒体内容。这些固有信息不是出于识别媒体内容的目的而被插入的。
如本文中使用的，“属性数据”是用于识别媒体内容的信息，例如，诸如源识别符(SID)、媒体资产识别符(MAID：MediaAssetID)、媒体内容的签名值、媒体内容的标题、媒体内容的创建者的身份、指示媒体内容何时被广播的时间戳等。识别信息可以包含属性数据。例如，SID(属性数据)可以包含在被插入媒体内容的水印(识别信息)中。在另一个示例中，针对媒体内容而生成的签名值(识别信息)可以在参考数据库中与MAID(属性数据)相关联。
如本文中使用的，“标签”是与媒体内容相关联以使得可以识别媒体内容的一串字母和/或数字。在一些示例中，标签包含从媒体内容中提取出来的属性数据和/或识别信息。通过将标签与媒体内容关联起来，可以执行一次(例如，在分发之前)确定识别信息所需要的处理(例如，提取水印、生成签名等)并且在分发后无需例如再次提取水印、再次生成签名等就可以通过读取分发的媒体内容的标签来识别媒体内容。此外，当标签包含识别信息或识别信息中包含的属性数据时，可以将利用标签收集的媒体内容的呈现记录与来自分发系统的包含媒体内容中的识别信息(但不是必须使用标签来识别媒体内容)的记录组合起来。
在一些示例中，媒体内容的识别信息(例如，嵌入媒体内容中的水印、为媒体内容采集并且标注的签名等)事先已与媒体内容关联起来。在一些这样的示例中，可以获得识别信息并且将其用于生成(多个)标签。可以在分发之前(例如，在将因特网媒体内容流传输到呈现位置(例如，家庭)之前)将示例性的(多个)标签与媒体内容关联起来。例如，标签可以在分发媒体内容的网页中与媒体内容关联起来、插入媒体内容的元数据(例如，插入包含媒体内容的文件或与包含媒体内容的文件相关联的文件中)、插入流的元数据中等。稍后在(多个)呈现位置处可以提取并分析示例性的(多个)标签以识别媒体内容并且增加媒体内容的曝光记录。当在其它监视系统中基于用于识别媒体内容的识别信息而生成(多个)标签(例如，在电视广播系统中用于识别媒体内容的水印或签名)的情况下，使用标签采集的媒体内容呈现记录可以与来自其它分发系统的记录相组合或者相比较。在一些示例中，可以在呈现位置处采集识别信息和(多个)标签。可以将(多个)标签与识别信息进行比较以验证该(多个)标签是正确的(例如，确认该(多个)标签正确地标识媒体内容)。如果先前关联的识别信息的格式发生变化(例如，技术发展可以改变水印、签名等的细节)，则可以使用本文中描述的适应性标签结构来生成新的(多个)标签。
图1是用于生成媒体内容的标签并且用于在呈现位置114处获得这样的标签以便于在中央设施120进行分析的示例系统100的框图。
在示例性的系统100中，媒体内容被添加到内容数据存储104。在示出的示例中，通过识别嵌入媒体内容或与媒体内容一起广播的识别信息(例如，水印)而在中央设施120的参考库中识别了一些媒体内容，基于节目中固有的识别信息(例如，使用媒体内容签名)而在中央设施120存储的参考库中识别了一些媒体内容，一些媒体内容与识别信息相关联以使得识别信息能够嵌入(例如，添加水印)，并且一些媒体内容是未知的。在其它示例中，可以使用用于识别媒体内容的方法的任意组合。在例示的示例中，识别信息和/或其它属性数据与媒体内容一起存储在内容数据存储104中。另选地，可以将元数据存储在连接到内容数据存储104和/或连接到需要使用元数据的另一装置中。
内容数据存储104可以是一个或更多个数据存储设备的任意组合。例如，内容数据存储104可以是一个或更多个数据库、一个或更多个网络存储位置、一个或更多个硬盘、一个或更多个文件、一个或更多个可扩展标记语言(XML)文件以及它们的任意组合等。在例示的示例中，内容数据存储104向媒体识别符工具105提供媒体内容，以为媒体内容加标签。示例性的内容数据存储104从媒体识别符工具105接收已与识别信息(例如，水印、签名等)关联起来的媒体内容和/或从媒体识别符工具105接收识别媒体内容的标签。内容数据存储104向内容服务器112提供媒体内容以分发到呈现位置(例如，呈现位置114)。
图1的示例性媒体识别符工具105从内容数据存储104接收媒体内容并分析该媒体内容以生成该媒体内容的标签，并且在某些情况下将识别信息嵌入媒体内容或将识别信息与媒体内容关联起来。示出的示例中的媒体识别符工具105从中央设施120检索识别信息。在示出的示例中，媒体识别符工具105包括身份分析器106、标签生成器108以及中央设施收发器110。
图1的示例性身份分析器106确定在内容数据存储104处媒体内容可用于分析。例如，在接收到新的内容时，可以按照周期性的或非周期性的间隔从内容数据存储104向身份分析器106发送媒体数据等。另选地，身份分析器106可以周期性地或非周期性地查询内容数据存储104，以确定是否存在要分析的内容(例如，尚未加标签的内容、被错误地加标签的内容等)。例如，身份分析器106可以向内容数据存储104查询尚未与标签相关联的内容、在无效标签的列表上识别出的内容等。
图1的示例性身份分析器106尝试对要分析的内容进行分析。图1的示例性身份分析器106使用一种或更多种下述技术来识别媒体内容：提取嵌入媒体内容中的识别信息(例如，水印、代码等)并向参考数据库查询嵌入的信息、确定媒体内容或代表媒体内容的信号的(多个)部分所固有的识别信息(例如，签名)并向参考数据库查询特性数据、和/或读取被输入到身份分析器106或以其它方式提供给身份分析器106(例如，存储有由用户输入的识别信息的XML文件)的识别信息和/或属性数据。
如本文中使用的，术语“嵌入”包括修改媒体内容的任意部分(例如，音频、视频等)以存储识别信息(例如，通过对音频部分进行放大或衰减、通过使音频的部分移动、通过修改媒体内容的视频和/或图像部分以存储识别信息(例如，通过对视频部分的部分进行放大或衰减、改变视频部分的部分的色彩等))。
在示出的示例中，身份分析器106经由中央设施收发器110访问位于中央设施120处的参考数据库，以基于代表媒体内容(或其部分)的特性数据和/或代表媒体内容的信号(或其部分)来获得识别信息。在身份分析器106从媒体内容获得了固有的识别信息(例如，签名)之后，身份分析器106使用固有的识别信息查询参考数据，以获得与固有的识别信息关联(例如，映射)的属性数据。例如，参考数据库可以通过获得已知媒体内容的固有的识别信息并且将固有的识别信息与已知的属性数据关联地存储在参考数据库中而生成。另选地，参考数据库可以存储在身份分析器106处或身份分析器可访问的任意其它位置处。在一些示例中，在媒体内容已添加有水印的情况下，身份分析器106将不需要访问参考数据库。
在一些示例中，身份分析器106可以将已被输入到身份分析器106的识别信息嵌入媒体内容中(或与媒体内容关联起来)。例如，身份分析器106可以使用接收到的XML文件中的信息在媒体内容中嵌入水印。当水印被嵌入媒体内容或与媒体内容相关联时，具有水印的媒体内容被发送到内容数据存储104以便于分发。另外，关于水印的信息经由中央设施收发器110传送到中央设施120。如果任何可用技术都无法识别出媒体内容，则示例性的身份分析器106向媒体识别符工具105的操作者提供出错消息，以使能或提示手动识别。
示出的示例性身份分析器106向标签生成器108发送识别媒体内容的信息(例如，从媒体内容获得的信息、从中央设施120检索的信息、从操作者接收的信息等)。信息可以是识别信息和/或与识别信息相关联的属性数据的任意组合。
在示出的示例中，从识别信息中提取出的属性数据包含4位源识别符(SID)、时间和日期戳以及代码类型的识别符(例如，指示媒体内容来自网络电视广播还是有线电视广播)。另选地，可以从身份分析器106向标签生成器108发送任意其它识别信息和/或属性数据。属性数据可以包含台识别符(station identifier)、频道识别符(channelidentifier)、标题、制作者、广播时间、序列号、代码识别符、签名值、站点识别符等中的一个或更多个。
图1的示例性标签生成器108接收媒体内容的识别信息和/或属性数据并且生成该媒体内容的标签。在示出的示例中，生成的标签是一数字串，该数字串具有六个属性数据元素和位于六个属性数据元素之前的六个属性数据元素识别符。示例性的标签包含标签版本、循环冗余校验(CRC)键、SID、标识参考数据库中的媒体内容的媒体资产ID(MAID)、代码类型、时间和日期戳以及周期(tick)(从媒体内容开始起的持续时间)中的每一个的属性类型识别符和属性数据元素。根据例示的示例，属性类型识别符是指示在该属性类型识别符之后跟随有何种类型的数据的两位数字(例如，属性类型识别符99位于指示标签版本的6位数字之前)。
在表1中示出了示例性地生成的标签和用于生成该标签的数据。表2例示了来自可以从媒体内容文件的开始9秒钟中提取出的水印的示例性属性数据。表1中的示例性水印根据水印数据的最后一行生成(即，进入媒体内容9秒钟的时间戳788939798)。
表1：示例性标签生成
Figure BDA0000152190510000061
表2：来自水印的示例性属性数据
 编码TS(UTC)   文件时间   SID   级别   类型   块   强度   频道
  788939791   1   9004   FD   U   177   16   1
  788939792   3   9004   FD   U   364   11   1
  788939794   5   9004   FD   U   551   17   1
  788939796   7   9004   FD   U   738   20   1
  788939798   9   9004   FD   U   925   21   1
表3是对示例性标签生成的属性类型和结构的描述。可以使用任意其它属性类型、数据格式、标签结构等。
表3：示例属性描述和定义
Figure BDA0000152190510000071
在一些示例中，标签生成器108通过调用标签生成应用编程接口(API：ApplicationProgramming Interface)并传递识别信息而生成标签。API可以在媒体识别符工具处可用(例如，作为标签生成器108的一部分)，或者可以由中央设施120经由中央设施收发器110提供。
示出的示例的标签生成器108将生成的标签发送到内容数据存储104，以将该标签与媒体内容相关联地存储。在一些示例中，示例性标签生成器108还将标签经由中央设施收发器110发送到中央设施120，以便于稍后将其与在呈现位置114处检测到的标签进行比较。在一些示例中，示例性标签生成器108不向中央设施120发送标签。例如，中央设施可能不需要接收标签，这是因为中央设施120可以从标签本身获得识别信息和/或解码出识别信息。
例示的示例的中央设施收发器110以通信的方式将媒体识别符工具105与中央设施120连接起来。图1的示例性中央设施收发器110通过一个或更多个网络(例如，因特网、局域网、广域网等)连接到中央设施的网络通信装置。另选地，中央设施收发器110可以是用于以通信的方式将媒体识别符工具105与中央设施连接起来的任意其它装置。将媒体识别符工具105与中央设施120连接起来的示例性网络还可以将媒体识别符工具105与内容数据存储104连接起来。
示出的示例的内容服务器112以通信的方式与内容数据存储104和呈现位置114连接起来，以从内容数据存储104向呈现位置114提供媒体内容。例如，内容服务器112可以是响应于来自呈现位置114的对媒体内容的请求而向呈现位置114提供媒体内容的万维网服务器。另选地，内容服务器112可以由用于进行媒体内容分发的任意装置实现。
针对之前已经在内容数据存储104中与标签关联起来的媒体内容，示例性的内容服务器112将标签与媒体内容一起分发。在示出的示例中，标签被插入
Figure BDA0000152190510000081
视频文件的元数据字段中，使得在将
Figure BDA0000152190510000082
视频文件发送到呈现位置时将标签也发送到呈现位置114。当呈现位置114请求来自内容服务器112的媒体内容时，内容服务器112向呈现位置114发送
Figure BDA0000152190510000083
视频播放器。
Figure BDA0000152190510000084
视频播放器在呈现位置114处执行并且请求与来自呈现位置114的请求相对应的特定媒体内容的Adobe视频文件。内容服务器112向视频播放器发送
Figure BDA0000152190510000085
视频文件，其中标签位于元数据中。另选地，可以使用任意其它方案。例如，可以在标记语言文件(例如，超文本标记语言(HTML))中将标签与媒体内容关联起来。
示出的示例的呈现位置114请求、接收并呈现媒体内容。例如，呈现位置可以是家庭、商店、公共场所等。通常，呈现位置114请求已经由驻留在呈现位置处的用户请求的媒体内容。
图1的示例性呈现位置114包括媒体呈现装置116。示出的示例的媒体呈现装置116是请求来自内容服务器112的媒体内容并且接收和呈现该媒体内容的装置。在例示的示例中，媒体呈现装置116是执行可以请求媒体内容并执行由内容服务器112提供的
Figure BDA0000152190510000086
视频播放器的万维网浏览器的个人计算机。另选地，媒体呈现装置116可以是任意类型的装置，例如，诸如台式计算机、膝上型计算机、移动装置、蜂窝装置、无线装置、电视机、广告牌、投影机等。在示出的示例中，虽然示出了单个媒体呈现装置116，但是在呈现位置114处可以设置任意数量或类型的媒体呈现装置。
示例性呈现位置114包括监视指令115和计量器118，以从呈现的媒体内容中提取识别信息并且向中央设施120发送识别信息以进行分析。在示出的示例中，监视指令115是与
Figure BDA0000152190510000091
视频播放器一起和/或与视频内容关联地从内容服务器112发送到呈现位置114的计算机指令(例如，JavaScript、JAVA等)。监视指令115从在呈现位置114处呈现的媒体内容中提取标签并且向中央设施120发送标签。另外，计算机指令115向中央设施120发送识别呈现位置114的信息。例如，计算机指令115可以发送因特网协议(IP)地址、序列号、存储在cookie中的标识或者任意其它识别符。
在一些示例中，可以在从内容服务器112向呈现位置114发送媒体内容和/或视频播发器以外的其它时间向呈现位置发送监视指令115。监视指令可以按照任意方式实现，例如，诸如任意指令语言的计算机指令、浏览器工具条或插件、用于计算机的任意其它类型的插件、安装在呈现位置处的装置等。监视指令可以向内容服务器120发送呈现位置114处的可用的任意媒体内容的标签，例如，诸如在呈现位置114处接收到的媒体内容、在呈现位置114处呈现的媒体内容、在呈现位置114处呈现但未被收看或收听的媒体内容、存储在呈现位置114处的媒体内容、从呈现位置114发送到另一个呈现位置的媒体内容等。虽然示出的示例的示例性监视指令115向中央设施120发送识别呈现位置114的标签和信息，但是监视指令115可以发送任意其它或另选的信息，例如，诸如关于媒体内容的点播(trick play)的信息、关于用户输入的信息等。
示出的示例的计量器118对在媒体呈现位置116处呈现的媒体内容进行分析，以获得识别信息并且向中央设施120发送识别信息。示例性的计量器118获得嵌入媒体内容中或以其它方式与媒体内容关联的水印。至少在所分析的媒体内容不包含水印时，示例性计量器118从媒体内容中提取签名信息。示例性计量器118还向中央设施120发送与媒体内容相关联的标签。因为识别信息(例如，签名、水印等)与标签一起被发送到中央设施120，所以中央设施可以比较信息，以确认标签被准确地与媒体内容关联起来(例如，确认错误的标签没有与媒体内容关联起来)。
在示出的示例中，当媒体呈现装置116的用户加入专门小组(panel)时，计量器118以安装在媒体呈现装置116上的软件的形式实现。另选地，计量器118可以是以通信的方式连接到媒体呈现装置116的装置，可以是分发给公众的软件，可以是在没有用户交互的情况下自动地安装在媒体呈现装置116上的软件，可以是媒体呈现装置116的用户安装的软件等。
然而，出于简化例示的目的，在图1中例示了单个媒体呈现位置114，但是通常将存在多个媒体呈现位置。此外，虽然媒体呈现位置114包含监视指令115和计量器118，但是呈现位置可以包含监视指令115或计量器118。例如，第一组媒体呈现位置114可以仅包含监视指令115，而与第一组不同的第二组媒体呈现位置114可以包含计量器118。在其它示例中，专门小组的媒体呈现位置114可以包含计量器118，并且所有的媒体呈现位置114(包括专门小组中的媒体呈现位置114)可以包含监视指令115。
图1的示例性中央设施120与媒体识别符工具105进行通信以接收标签和媒体内容的识别信息，并且向媒体识别符工具105提供媒体内容的识别信息。另外，示例性中央设施120从呈现位置114接收呈现的媒体内容的识别信息。中央设施120可以将识别记录存储在任意类型的数据存储(例如，数据库、日志文件等)中。图1的示例性中央设施120包括：参考数据库122，其用于存储已知媒体内容的识别信息(例如，与先前已与识别信息关联起来的代码或签名相关联的媒体)；标签访问数据库124，其存储从呈现位置114接收到的标签的记录；以及识别信息数据库126，其存储从呈现位置114接收到的识别信息(例如，签名、水印等)的记录。
在示出的示例中，中央设施120基于从媒体呈现位置114接收到的标签增加呈现记录。例如，如果中央设施120接收到通过SID、时间戳以及代码类型的组合而标识特定媒体内容的标签，则中央设施120将增加识别出的媒体内容记被呈现的记录。在与标签一起接收到媒体内容的识别信息和/或属性数据时，中央设施120还可以验证标签。换言之，中央设施120将标签(即，由标签表示的信息)与其它识别信息(例如，水印、签名)和/或属性数据进行比较以识别无效的标签。例如，中央设施120可以将从标签中获得的SID与从嵌入媒体内容或以其它方式与媒体内容相关联的水印或代码中提取出的SID进行比较。在另一个示例中，中央设施120可以将从标签中获得的MAID与通过使用从媒体内容中提取出的签名查询参考数据库122而确定的MAID进行比较。示例性的中央设施存储无效标签的列表(例如，在标签访问数据库124中)以防止使用那些标签来增加呈现记录。中央设施还可以通知内容数据存储104无效标签正在被使用。这样的通知可以以电子的方式发送或者可以由中央设施的操作者手动地执行。
虽然已经在图1中例示了实现系统100的示例性方式，但是图1中例示的元件、处理和/或装置中的一个或更多个可以组合、划分、重新布置、省略、消除和/或以任意其它方式实现。此外，内容数据存储104、媒体识别符工具105、身份分析器106、标签生成器108、中央设施收发器110、内容服务器112、呈现位置114、监视指令115、媒体呈现装置116、计量器118以及中央设施120可以由硬件、软件、固件和/或硬件、软件和/或固件的任意组合来实现。因而，例如，内容数据存储104、媒体识别符工具105、身份分析器106、标签生成器108、中央设施收发器110、内容服务器112、呈现位置114、监视指令115、媒体呈现装置116、计量器118以及中央设施120中的任一个都可以由一个或更多个电路、可编程处理器、专用集成电路(ASIC)、可编程逻辑器件(PLD)和/或现场可编程逻辑器件等来实现。当把所附的装置权利要求中的任一项理解为涵盖纯粹的软件和/或固件实现时，内容数据存储104、媒体识别符工具105、身份分析器106、标签生成器108、中央设施收发器110、内容服务器112、呈现位置114、监视指令115、媒体呈现装置116、计量器118以及中央设施120中的至少一个在此被清楚地定义为包括存储软件和/或固件的计算机可读介质(诸如存储器、DVD、CD等)。另外，图1的示例性系统100可以包括除了图1所示的元件、处理和/或装置之外或者代替图1所示的元件、处理和/或装置的一个或更多个元件、处理和/或装置，和/或可以包括任意或所有示出的元件、处理和/或装置的超过一种的组合。
图2至图6是表示可执行以生成并且处理标签以实现图1的示例性系统的示例性机器可读指令的流程图。图2至图6的示例性处理可以使用在执行时使装置(例如，可编程控制器、处理器或者其它可编程机器或集成电路)执行图2至图6所示的操作的机器可读指令来实现。例如，图2至图6的示例性处理可以使用处理器、控制器和/或任意其它适合的处理装置来执行。例如，图2至图6的示例性处理可以使用存储在有形机器可读介质(诸如闪存、只读存储器(ROM)和/或随机存取存储器(RAM))上的编码指令来实现。
如本文中使用的，术语“有形计算机可读介质”被清楚地定义为包括任意类型的计算机可读存储器而不包括传播信号。另外或另选地，图2至图6的示例性处理可以使用存储在非瞬态计算机可读介质(诸如闪存、只读存储器(ROM)和/或随机存取存储器(RAM)、高速缓冲存储器或者存储信息达任意持续时间(例如，延长的时间周期、永久性地、简短地、临时缓冲地、和/或信息的高速缓冲存储)的任意其它存储介质)上的编码指令(例如，计算机可读指令)来实现。如本文中使用的，术语“非瞬态计算机可读介质”被清楚地定义为包括任意类型的计算机可读介质而不包括传播信号。
另选地，图2至图6的示例性处理可以使用专用集成电路(ASIC)、可编程逻辑器件(PLD)、现场可编程逻辑器件(FPLD)、离散逻辑、硬件、固件等的任意组合来实现。此外，图2至图6的示例性处理可以实现为任意前述技术的任意组合，例如固件、软件、离散逻辑和/或硬件的任意组合。
尽管参考图2至图6的流程图描述了图2至图6的示例性处理，但是可以采用实现图2至图6的处理的其它方法。例如，框的执行顺序可以改变，和/或描述的一些框可以改变、消除、细分或组合。另外，图2至图6的示例性处理中的一个或更多个可以通过单独的处理线程、处理器、装置、离散逻辑、电路等顺序和/或并行地执行。
转至图2以详细描述，首先，身份分析器106检测要加标签的媒体内容(框202)。例如，身份分析器106可以接收来自内容数据存储104的通知或请求，或者可以向内容数据存储104查询可用的媒体内容。身份分析器106接着确定该媒体内容中是否包含水印或其它识别信息或属性数据(框204)。如果身份分析器106确定该媒体内容中包含水印或其它识别信息或属性数据，则控制进行到框206，并且基于现有的水印和/或其它识别信息和/或属性数据生成标签，下面将结合图3进行描述。
如果身份分析器106确定该媒体内容中不包含水印和/或其它识别信息和/或属性数据(框204)，则身份分析器106确定是否已提供了用于对该媒体内容添加水印的识别信息(框208)。例如，可以将包括媒体内容的标识(例如，文件名)和识别信息(例如，水印信息)的XML文件输入到身份分析器106中，或者可以由身份分析器106的操作者输入类似的数据。如果身份分析器106确定已提供了识别信息，则控制进行到框210，以生成水印和/或其它识别信息和/或属性数据并且将其与媒体内容关联起来，并且针对该水印和/或其它识别信息和/或属性数据生成标签，将结合图4进行描述。
如果身份分析器106确定还没有提供识别信息(框208)，则身份分析器确定是否在参考库中发现该媒体内容(框210)。示出的示例的身份分析器106生成该媒体内容的签名并且确定是否能够在中央设施120处的参考数据库122中发现匹配的签名(框211)。如果身份分析器106确定在参考数据库122中发现了该媒体内容，则控制进行到框214以使用来自参考库的识别信息来生成标签，将结合图5进行描述。
如果没有在参考库中发现该媒体内容(框210)，则身份分析器106报错，指出无法生成标签(框216)。另选地，身份分析器106可以提示身份分析器106的操作者输入识别信息和/或属性数据，以使得能够按照与图3中描述的基于与媒体内容相关联的水印来检索识别信息的处理相类似的方式生成标签。在报错之后(框216)，图2的处理终止，直到检测到其它要加标签的媒体内容为止。
转至框218，在框216、框210或框214完成之后，标签生成器108将生成的标签发送到内容数据存储104(框218)。也可以将在框214中生成的与固有信息(例如，签名)相关联的元数据发送到内容数据存储104。然后，图2的处理终止，直到检测到其它要加标签的媒体内容为止。
图3是可以被执行以实现图2的框206的示例性机器可读指令的流程图。身份分析器106从媒体内容中提取出嵌入的识别信息(例如，水印或者识别码)(框302)。在表2中示出了从示例性媒体内容中提取出的示例性水印信息。标签生成器108根据提取出的识别信息生成标签(框304)。示例性标签生成器108通过如表1所示那样将多组属性类型值和数据值连接在一起而生成标签。然后，控制返回到图2的框218。
图4是可以被执行以实现图2的框210的示例性机器可读指令的流程图。身份分析器106从内容数据存储104中检索水印和/或其它识别信息、元数据和/或属性数据，以为媒体内容添加水印(框402)。例如，身份分析器106可以接收具有媒体内容的属性数据的XML文件。身份分析器106然后将水印与媒体内容关联起来(框404)。可以采用任意期望的水印添加技术。身份分析器106然后将添加了水印的媒体内容发送到内容数据存储104以存储(框406)。身份分析器106然后生成关于媒体内容和被插入到该媒体内容中的水印的信息的水印数据输出(框408)。示例性身份分析器106生成XML水印数据输出，该XML水印数据输出包含媒体内容的识别信息和/或其它识别信息和/或属性数据以及关于嵌入媒体内容中的水印的信息。示例性身份分析器将水印数据输出发送到内容数据存储104(框410)。还可以把与水印添加相关联的元数据发送到内容数据存储104。然后，标签生成器108使用来自水印的标识信息生成标签(框412)。示例性标签生成器108通过如表1所示那样将多组属性类型值和数据值连接在一起而生成标签。控制前进到图2的框218。
图5是可以被执行以实现图2的框214的示例性机器可读指令的流程图。身份分析器106从媒体内容中提取出固有信息(例如，特性信息(例如，签名))(框502)。示例性身份分析器106基于固有信息从内容数据存储104中检索媒体内容的属性数据和/或识别信息(框504)。在示出的示例中，示例性身份分析器106查询内容数据存储104，以对提取出的签名信息与内容数据存储104中的参考签名信息进行匹配，从而检索属性数据和/或识别信息。然后，标签生成器108使用通过签名而与媒体内容关联的属性数据和/或识别信息生成标签(框506)。示例性标签生成器108通过如表1中示出的那样将多组属性类型值和数据值连接在一起而生成标签。接着，控制前进到图2的框218。
图6是可以被执行以验证由媒体识别符工具105生成的标签的示例性机器可读指令的流程图。中央设施120从呈现位置114接收标签响应数据(框602)。例如，中央设施120可以从计量器118接收已在媒体呈现装置114上呈现的媒体内容的标签响应数据。中央设施120还接收从与接收到的标签相对应的媒体内容中提取出的识别信号和/或属性数据(框604)。例如，示例性计量器118发送已在媒体呈现装置116上呈现的媒体内容的提取出的水印或签名数据。中央设施120然后将标签数据和标识信息进行比较，以确定这二者是否识别同一个媒体内容(框608)。在例示的示例中，识别信息是水印和/或签名的流。中央设施120确定该流中的水印和/或签名中的任一方是否与标签中的水印和/或签名信息大体匹配。例如，中央设施120可以检查标签中的SID和/或MAID是否与来自嵌入媒体内容或与媒体内容关联的水印或签名信息的SID和/或MAID匹配。当它们包含相同的值时、当大多数的值匹配时、当标签与一标识信息的匹配程度超过与其它识别信息的匹配程度时、当来自标签的一个或更多个值和与识别信息关联的属性数据匹配时、或者当识别信息与一标签的匹配程度超过与任意其它标签的匹配程度时，标签可以与来自签名或水印的识别信息大体匹配。
当标签与水印或签名信息大体匹配时(框606)，可以将该标签标记为有效和/或将继续使用该标签的曝光数据报告(框610)。例如，可以基于接收到的标签数据来增加媒体内容的呈现记录。
当标签中的信息与水印或签名信息不匹配时(框606)，将该标签添加到无效的标签列表(例如，在标签访问数据库124中)以从曝光日志数据中去除该标签。接着，控制返回到框620以等候接收下一个标签。
在一些示例中，计量器118被包括在所有呈现位置114的子集(例如，为专门小组选择的一组呈现位置114)中，而其它呈现位置114不包括计量器(即，不是专门小组成员)但仍然接收监视指令115。因此，包括计量器118的呈现位置114将把识别信息(例如，水印、签名等)和标签信息二者发送到中央设施120。在从计量器118接收到标签信息和识别信息的第一个组合时，中央设施120执行图6中描述的验证。如果一标签被识别为有效，则示例性中央设施120记录该标签已被验证，并且在例示的示例中，不再对该标签执行验证。如果一标签被识别为无效，则示例性中央设施120记录该标签是无效的，并且在例示的示例中，不再对该标签执行验证。另选地，可以在每次接收到标签/识别信息的组合时执行验证，或者可以按照某一间隔(例如，随机间隔、周期性间隔等)执行验证。因此，由于中央设施120已记录了一标签有效或是无效，所以当稍后接收到一标签时(例如，在接收到没有识别信息的标签时)，中央设施能够确定是应信任该标签数据而用于报告还是应不理会该标签。换言之，在一标签已被标记为无效时，由标签(错误地)识别出的媒体内容将不会被增加曝光记录。
图7是可用于执行图2至图6的示例性指令以实现本文中描述的示例性装置、方法和/或系统的示例性处理器系统710的框图。如图7所示，处理器系统710包括与互连总线714相连接的处理器712。处理器712可以是任意适合的处理器、处理单元或微处理器。尽管图7未示出，但是系统710可以是多处理器系统，并且因而可以包括与处理器712相同或相似并且以通信的方式连接到互连总线714的一个或更多个另外的处理器。
图7的处理器712连接到芯片组718，芯片组718包括存储控制器720和输入/输出(I/O)控制器722。芯片组提供I/O和存储器管理功能以及多个通用和/或专用寄存器、定时器等，它们可以被与芯片组718相连的一个或更多个处理器访问或使用。存储控制器720执行使得处理器712(或在存在多个处理器的情况下的多个处理器)能够访问系统存储器724、大容量存储设备725和/或数字通用光盘(DVD)740的功能。
通常，系统存储器724可以包括任意期望类型的易失性和/或非易失性存储器，例如，诸如静态随机存取存储器(SRAM)、动态随机存取存储器(DRAM)、闪存、只读存储器(ROM)等。大容量存储设备725可以包括任意期望类型的大容量存储设备，包括硬盘驱动器、光盘驱动器、磁带存储设备等。由上述流程图表示的计算机可读指令可以存储在系统存储器724、大容量存储设备725和/或DVD 740中。
I/O控制器722执行使得处理器712能够经由I/O总线732与外围输入/输出(I/O)设备726和728以及网络接口730通信的功能。I/O设备726和728可以是任意期望类型的I/O设备，例如，诸如键盘、视频显示器或监视器、鼠标等。网络接口730例如可以是以太网设备、异步传输模式(ATM)设备、802.11设备、数字用户线路(DSL)调制解调器、线缆调制解调器、蜂窝调制解调器等，其使得处理器系统710能够与另一个处理器系统通信。
虽然图7中将存储器控制器720和I/O控制器722示为芯片组718内的分立的功能块，但是由这些块执行的功能可以集成在单个半导体电路内或者可以使用两个或更多个分立的集成电路来实现。
尽管本文描述了特定的示例性方法、装置和制品，但本专利的覆盖范围不限于此。相反，本专利覆盖相当地落入本专利的权利要求的范围内的所有方法、装置和制品。

Claims (38)

1.一种识别媒体内容的方法，该方法包括以下步骤：
获得与接收到的媒体内容的音频或视频中的至少一方关联的识别符值，所述识别符值是通过以下方式中的至少一种方式获得的：从所述音频或所述视频中的至少一方提取所述识别符值，或者基于所述音频或所述视频中的至少一方的固有信息确定所述识别符值；
生成包含所述识别符值的标签；以及
将所述标签与所述媒体内容存储在一起，以使所述标签与所述媒体内容一起被发送到呈现位置。
2.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其中所述识别符值是源识别符或媒体资产识别符中的至少一方。
3.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其中提取所述识别符值包括：提取嵌入接收到的媒体内容的所述音频或所述视频中的至少一方中的水印。
4.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其中所述识别符值是一串数字。
5.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其中所述识别符值包含所述音频或所述视频中的所述至少一方的多个属性数据。
6.根据权利要求5所述的方法，其中所述识别符值包含源识别符和时间戳。
7.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其中所述标签包含与所述识别符值关联的属性类型识别符。
8.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其中所述固有信息是签名。
9.根据权利要求8所述的方法，其中确定所述识别符值包括：利用所述固有信息查询数据库，以从所述数据库中检索出所述识别符值。
10.根据权利要求8所述的方法，其中所述识别符值包含媒体资产识别符、开始时间戳以及结束时间戳。
11.一种验证标签的方法，该方法包括以下步骤：
接收从在呈现位置处呈现的媒体内容获得的标签和识别信息；
将所述标签的至少一部分与所述识别信息进行比较；以及
当所述标签的所述至少一部分与所述识别信息不大体匹配时，防止所述标签被用于报告所述媒体内容的曝光。
12.根据权利要求11所述的方法，该方法还包括以下步骤：当所述标签的所述至少一部分与所述识别信息大体匹配时，增加所述媒体内容被呈现的记录。
13.根据权利要求12所述的方法，该方法还包括以下步骤：基于所述增加记录的步骤生成使用报告。
14.根据权利要求11所述的方法，其中所述标签是第一标签并且所述呈现位置是第一呈现位置，该方法还包括以下步骤：
从第二呈现位置接收第二标签；以及
响应于确定出所述第二标签与所述第一标签大体匹配，防止增加所述媒体内容被呈现的记录。
15.根据权利要求11所述的方法，其中所述媒体内容是第一媒体内容，该方法还包括以下步骤：
从第三呈现位置接收第三标签；
响应于确定出所述第三标签与所述第一标签不大体匹配，增加第二媒体内容被呈现的记录。
16.根据权利要求15所述的方法，其中所述第二媒体内容是所述第一媒体内容。
17.根据权利要求15所述的方法，其中所述第三呈现位置与所述第一呈现位置相同。
18.根据权利要求15所述的方法，其中所述第二呈现位置与所述第一呈现位置相同。
19.一种存储有指令的计算机可读介质，所述指令在被执行时使机器至少执行以下操作：
获得与接收到的媒体内容的音频或视频中的至少一方关联的识别符值，所述识别符值是通过以下方式中的至少一种方式获得的：从所述音频或所述视频中的至少一方提取所述识别符值，或者基于所述音频或所述视频中的至少一方的固有信息确定所述识别符值；
生成包含所述识别符值的标签；以及
将所述标签与所述媒体内容存储在一起，以使所述标签与所述媒体内容一起发送到呈现位置。
20.根据权利要求19所述的计算机可读介质，其中所述识别符值是源识别符或媒体资产识别符中的至少一方。
21.根据权利要求19所述的计算机可读介质，其中提取所述识别符值包括：提取嵌入接收到的媒体内容的所述音频或所述视频中的至少一方中的水印。
22.根据权利要求19所述的计算机可读介质，其中所述识别符值是一串数字。
23.根据权利要求19所述的计算机可读介质，其中所述识别符值包含所述音频或所述视频中的至少一方的多个属性数据。
24.根据权利要求19所述的计算机可读介质，其中所述识别符值包含源识别符和时间戳。
25.根据权利要求19所述的计算机可读介质，其中所述标签包含与所述识别符值关联的属性类型识别符。
26.根据权利要求19所述的计算机可读介质，其中所述固有信息是签名。
27.根据权利要求26所述的计算机可读介质，其中确定所述识别符值包括：利用所述固有信息查询数据库，以从所述数据库中检索出所述识别符值。
28.根据权利要求26所述的计算机可读介质，其中所述识别符值包含媒体资产识别符、开始时间戳以及结束时间戳。
29.一种识别媒体内容的装置，该装置包括：
身份分析器，其用于获得与接收到的媒体内容的音频或视频中的至少一方关联的识别符值，所述识别符值是通过以下方式中的至少一种方式获得的：从所述音频或所述视频中的至少一方提取所述识别符值，或者基于所述音频或所述视频中的至少一方的固有信息确定所述识别符值；
标签生成器，其用于生成包含所述识别符值的标签，并且用于将所述标签与所述媒体内容存储在一起以使所述标签与所述媒体内容一起发送到呈现位置。
30.根据权利要求29所述的装置，其中所述识别符值是源识别符或媒体资产识别符中的至少一方。
31.根据权利要求29所述的装置，其中提取所述识别符值包括：提取嵌入接收到的媒体内容的所述音频或所述视频中的至少一方中的水印。
32.根据权利要求29所述的装置，其中所述识别符值是一串数字。
33.根据权利要求29所述的装置，其中所述识别符值包含所述音频或所述视频中的所述至少一方的多个属性数据。
34.根据权利要求29所述的装置，其中所述识别符值包含源识别符和时间戳。
35.根据权利要求29所述的装置，其中所述标签包含与所述识别符值关联的属性类型识别符。
36.根据权利要求29所述的装置，其中所述固有信息是签名。
37.根据权利要求36所述的装置，其中确定所述识别符值包括：利用所述固有信息查询数据库，以从所述数据库检索出所述识别符值。
38.根据权利要求36所述的装置，其中所述识别符值包含媒体资产识别符、开始时间戳以及结束时间戳。
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