CN102759836B - Electro-optic displays and its material and method of testing - Google Patents

Electro-optic displays and its material and method of testing Download PDF

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Publication number
CN102759836B
CN102759836B CN201210088428.7A CN201210088428A CN102759836B CN 102759836 B CN102759836 B CN 102759836B CN 201210088428 A CN201210088428 A CN 201210088428A CN 102759836 B CN102759836 B CN 102759836B
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layer
electro
conductive layer
optic medium
conductive
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CN102759836A (en
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G·M·丹纳
S·里法伊
V·C·诺思罗普
J·D·艾伯特
T·L·汪
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E Ink Corp
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E Ink Corp
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/03—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on ceramics or electro-optical crystals, e.g. exhibiting Pockels effect or Kerr effect
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B38/00—Ancillary operations in connection with laminating processes
    • B32B38/18—Handling of layers or the laminate
    • B32B38/1825—Handling of layers or the laminate characterised by the control or constructional features of devices for tensioning, stretching or registration
    • B32B38/1833—Positioning, e.g. registration or centering
    • B32B38/1841—Positioning, e.g. registration or centering during laying up
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/165—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on translational movement of particles in a fluid under the influence of an applied field
    • G02F1/166—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on translational movement of particles in a fluid under the influence of an applied field characterised by the electro-optical or magneto-optical effect
    • G02F1/167—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on translational movement of particles in a fluid under the influence of an applied field characterised by the electro-optical or magneto-optical effect by electrophoresis
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
    • G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
    • G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
    • G02F1/1334—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods based on polymer dispersed liquid crystals, e.g. microencapsulated liquid crystals
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/165—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on translational movement of particles in a fluid under the influence of an applied field
    • G02F1/1675—Constructional details
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
    • G02F1/1306—Details
    • G02F1/1309—Repairing; Testing
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
    • G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
    • G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
    • G02F1/1345—Conductors connecting electrodes to cell terminals
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F2201/00—Constructional arrangements not provided for in groups G02F1/00 - G02F7/00
    • G02F2201/42—Arrangements for providing conduction through an insulating substrate
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F2202/00—Materials and properties
    • G02F2202/28—Adhesive materials or arrangements
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F2203/00—Function characteristic
    • G02F2203/69—Arrangements or methods for testing or calibrating a device

Abstract

A kind of first sub-component applied in electro-optic displays for producing by the following method：Offer includes the electric light sub-component (302,314,316,320) of layer of electro-optic medium (314)；Offer includes the adhesive sub-component (322,324) of gluing oxidant layer (324), and the gluing oxidant layer is bigger than the layer of electro-optic medium (314) at least one dimension and with one or more holes (326)；Adhere to the adhesive sub-component (322,324) to the electric light sub-component (302,314,316,320), so that a part for the gluing oxidant layer (322) adheres to the layer of electro-optic medium (314), but hole (326) are spaced apart with the layer of electro-optic medium (314).Second sub-component includes conductive layer (621,625) and layer of electro-optic medium (314).The conductive layer (621,625) with major part, the expose portion (630 without the electro-optical medium (314) covered by the layer of electro-optic medium (314), 632), and connect the major part and the expose portion (630,632) vulnerable area (634,636), so that the expose portion (630,632) can be operable to cause the vulnerable area (634,636) fracture, thus separate the expose portion (630,632) from the major part and infringement there is no to the major part.

Description

Electro-optic displays and its material and method of testing
The application be on June 26th, 2008 submit to, application number 200880104642.9, title " electro-optic displays and its The divisional application of the Chinese patent application of material and method of testing ".
Technical field
The application is related to：
(a) United States Patent (USP) No.6,982,178；
B () United States Patent (USP) discloses No.2004/0155857；
(c) United States Patent (USP) No.7,110,164；
(d) United States Patent (USP) No.7,075,703；
E () United States Patent (USP) discloses No.2007/0109219；
F () United States Patent (USP) discloses No.2007/0152956；With
G () United States Patent (USP) discloses No.2008/0057252.
The present invention relates to electro-optic displays, and it is related to material and method for manufacturing and testing such display. The present invention especially but be not intended to uniquely to contain encapsulation electrophoretic media display.However, the present invention can also be adopted With the solid electro-optic medium of various other types, the solid-state refers under the meaning that these electro-optical mediums have solid external surfaces Solid-state, although the medium can with and generally have the internal cavities comprising fluid (liquid or gas).Therefore, term " solid-state Electro-optic displays " include the electrophoretic display device (EPD) of encapsulation, the liquid crystal display of encapsulation and as discussed below other types of aobvious Show device.
Background technology
Electro-optic displays include electro-optical material layer, and term used herein is to take its routine in technical field of imaging Implication, refer to have the first and second dispaly states material, first and second dispaly state it is at least one optical Matter is different, the material is converted to its second dispaly state from its first dispaly state by applying electric field to the material.
Term " bistable " used herein and " bistability " are its conventional meanings in the art, refer to have The display of the display element of the first and second dispaly states, at least a kind of optical property of the first and second dispaly states It is different so that any point element is driven into presentation by the addressing pulse with finite duration, and it first or second shows Show after state, after addressing pulse termination, the state will be continuously addressing pulse needed for the state for changing the display element At least several times of times of minimum duration, are for example, at least four times of times.
The electro-optic displays of known several types, for example：
A () rotating bichromal member display (see, for example, United States Patent (USP) No.5,808,783；5,777,782；5,760, 761；6,054,0716,055,091；6,097,531；6,128,124；6,137,467 and 6,147,791)；
B () electrochromic display device (ECD) (see, for example, O ' Regan, B. et al., Nature 1991,353,737；Wood, D., Information Display, 18 (3), 24 (in March, 2002)；Bach, U. et al., Adv.Mater., 2002,14 (11), 845；With United States Patent (USP) No.6,301,038；6,870.657 and 6,950,220)；
(c) electric moistening display (referring to Hayes, R.A.'s et al. " Video-Speed ElectronicPaper Based on Electro wetting " (" the video high-velocity electrons paper based on electrowetting technology "), Nature, 425,383- 385 (on Septembers 25th, 2003) and United States Patent (USP) disclose No.2005/0151709)；
D () is based on the electrophoretic display device (EPD) of particle, plurality of charged particle passes through fluid under the influence of electric fields.(referring to United States Patent (USP) No.5,930,026；5,961,804；6,017,584；6,067,185；6,118,426；6,120,588；6,120, 839；6,124,851；6,130,773 and 6,130,774；U.S. Patent Application Publication No.2002/0060321；2002/ 0090980；2003/0011560；2003/0102858；2003/0151702；2003/0222315；2004/0014265； 2004/0075634；2004/0094422；2004/0105036；2005/0062714 and 2005/0270261；And international Shen No.WO 00/38000 please be disclose；WO00/36560；WO 00/67110 and WO 01/07961；And European patent No.1, 099,207B1；And 1,145,072B1；And other the Massachusetts science and engineerings discussed in foregoing United States Patent (USP) No.7,012,600 The patent and application of institute (MIT) and Yi Yingke (EInk) company).
There is the different distortion of several electrophoretic medias.Electrophoretic media can use liquid or gaseous fluid；For gaseous flow Body see, for example, Kitamura, T.'s et al. " Electrical toner movement forelectronic paper- Like display " (" motion of electronics toner in Electronic Paper class display "), IDWJapan, 2001, Paper HCS1-1 And " the Toner display usinginsulative particles charged of Yamaguchi, Y. et al. Triboelectrically " (" using the toner display of the insulating particle being charged by friction "), IDW Japan, 2001, Paper AMD4-4)；United States Patent (USP) discloses No.2005/0001810；European patent application 1,462,847；1,482,354；1,484, 635；1,500,971；1,501,194；1,536,271；1,542,067；1,577,702；1,577,703 and 1,598,694；With And international application WO 2004/090626；WO 2004/079442 and WO 2004/001498.The medium can be encapsulation, bag Substantial amounts of folliculus is included, in itself comprising interior phase and the cyst wall around interior phase, the interior phase is included and is suspended in liquid each of which folliculus Electrophoresis in body suspension media is improved.Usually, these capsules are maintained in polymeric binder to be formed positioned at two in itself Adhesion layer between electrode；Patent and application referring to foregoing MIT and EInk.Alternately, around packaged electrophoresis matchmaker The wall of the separation micro-capsule in matter can be replaced with continuous phase, thus produce the electrophoretic display device (EPD) of so-called polymer dispersed, its Middle electrophoretic media includes the electrophoretic fluid and the continuous phase of polymeric material of multiple separate droplets；See, for example, United States Patent (USP) No.6,866,760.For the purpose of the application, the electrophoretic media of such polymer dispersed is considered as the electrophoresis matchmaker of encapsulation The subclass of matter.Another kind deformation is so-called " microcell electrophoretic display ", and wherein charged particle and fluid is maintained at and is formed at In multiple chambers in carrier medium (typically polymer film), United States Patent (USP) No.6 is see, for example, 672,921 and 6,788, 449。
Electrophoretic media can work under " shutter mode (shutter mode) ", a kind of dispaly state under the shutter mode Do not transmit substantially and a kind of dispaly state is light transmissive.United States Patent (USP) No.6,130,774 and 6,172 is see, for example, 798, and United States Patent (USP) No.5,872,552,6,144,361,6,271,823,6,225,971 and 6,184,856.Dielectric electricity Phoretic display can work in a similar mode；Referring to United States Patent (USP) No.4,418,346.Other types of electro-optic displays Also can work in shutter mode.
Other types of electrooptical material can also be used in display of the invention.
Most of art methods substantially batch processes for manufacturing electrophoretic display device (EPD), wherein electro-optical medium, Laminated adhesive and backboard will only be combined just before finally assembling, it is therefore desirable to provide one kind more suitable for big The method for measuring production.
Foregoing United States Patent (USP) No.6,982,178 describes to assemble the method for solid electro-optic display (including based on particle Encapsulation electrophoretic display device (EPD)), the method can preferably be applied to a large amount of productions.The patent substantially describes so-called " preceding Flat stack " (FPL), should the solid electro-optic of " frontal plane lamination " sequentially including light transmission conductive layer and conductive layer electrical contact Medium layer, gluing oxidant layer and release board.Typically, light transmission conductive layer is carried by transparent substrates, and the substrate is preferably flexible , this flexibility is meant that the substrate can manually be wound the column of (for example) a diameter of 10 inches (254 millimeters) Thing is without permanent deformation.This patent and term used herein " printing opacity " represent that specified layer can make enough light Pass through, so that observer can see through this layer with the change in the dispaly state for observing electro-optical medium, and generally this change It is to be watched by conductive layer and adjacent substrate (if any).Non-visible wavelength is shown in electro-optical medium In the case of the change of reflectivity, term " printing opacity " should be interpreted certainly refer to related non-visible wavelength transmission. Typically, substrate is polymer film, and generally its thickness is in the range of about 1 to about 25 Mill (25 to 634 μm), preferably about 2 to about 10 Mills (51 to 254 μm).Conductive layer is routinely the thin metal or metal oxide layer of such as aluminium or ITO, Huo Zheke Think conducting polymer.PET (PET) film for being coated with aluminium or ITO be it is commercially available, for example E.I.Du Pont Company (E.I.du Pont de Nemours ＆ Company, Wilmington from Wilmington, DE DE " calorize Mylar " (" Mylar " is registration mark)), can use this commercially available in frontal plane lamination Material simultaneously has good effect.When expecting to be used in very flexible frontal plane lamination in flexible display, thickness is big The polymer film for being coated with ITO of about 0.5~1 Mill (13 to 25 μm) is commercially available and it can be with electric light material Material coating.
Foregoing United States Patent (USP) No.6,982,178 was also described before frontal plane lamination is introduced into display for surveying The first method of electro-optical medium in examination frontal plane lamination.In the method for testing, release board is led by equipped with conductive layer at this Apply to be used to the voltage of the optical states for changing electro-optical medium enough between the conductive layer of the opposite side of electric layer and the electro-optical medium. Observation electro-optical medium then expose any flaw in medium, so as to avoid electro-optical medium defective is laminated to it is aobvious In showing device, and discarded whole display and the ultimate cost of frontal plane lamination not exclusively defective.
Foregoing No.2004/0155857 describes so-called " double release boards ", is somebody's turn to do " double release boards " and is essentially foregoing United States Patent (USP) No.6,982,178 frontal plane lamination simplified version.The form of the double release boards of one of which is included and is clipped in two Solid electro-optic medium layer, one or two adhesion layer covered by release board between individual adhesion layer.Double releasing layers it is another The form of kind includes the solid electro-optic medium layer being clipped between two release boards.Double release films of both forms are intended to be used in and lead to Often in the method similar with the method for the past flat stack assembling electro-optic displays having been described above, but it includes two points From lamination.Generally, first time be laminated in be before double release boards are laminated to electrode to form preceding sub-component, then second Preceding subcomponent layers are pressed onto backboard to form final display, but if desired in secondary lamination, what this was laminated twice Order can be in turn.
Foregoing No.2007/0109219 describes so-called " inverted frontal plane lamination ", and it is in the foregoing U.S. The deformation of the frontal plane lamination described in patent No.6,982,178.The inverted frontal plane laminated layer sequence ground includes：Printing opacity is protected At least one of sheath and light transmission conductive layer, adhesion layer, solid electro-optic medium layer and release board.The inverted frontal plane is folded Layer is used to form between electrooptic layer and preceding electrode or prebasal plate the electro-optic displays with lamination adhesive；In electrooptic layer and Can have between backboard or can there is no the second generally very thin adhesion layer.This electro-optic displays have good articulation and low concurrently Warm nature energy.
Foregoing No.2008/0057252 is also described and is designed to largely be manufactured using inverted frontal plane lamination The various methods of electro-optic displays.The preferred embodiment of these methods is " multiple upward " method, and the method is designed that together When be laminated part for multiple electro-optic displays.
Foregoing United States Patent (USP) No.6,982,178 is also described in the backboard being laminated by frontal plane lamination and preceding The method that electrical connection is formed between light transmission conductive layer in flat stack (needs such connection, because being applied to for control Also generally control is applied to the voltage of preceding electrode to the circuit of the voltage of pixel electrode).Such as the institute in Figure 21 and Figure 22 of the patent Show, the formation of layer of electro-optic medium in frontal plane lamination can be controlled to reserve uncoated region (" groove "), without electricity Optical media layer, and a part of in these uncoated areas can be subsequently used for forming of required electrical connection.However, from manufacture From the point of view of angle, the method for forming connection is undesirable, because the function for arranging certainly back plate design of connection, makes The specific arrangements of handy groove can only be used together come the FPL being coated with a kind of or limited range backboard, but for economy Reason, expects only a form of FPL that production can be used together with any backboard.
Correspondingly, foregoing United States Patent (USP) No.6,982,178 also describe by whole FPL regions coating electric light matchmaker Matter and the subsequent method for removing the electro-optical medium in the place for desirably forming electrical connection, being electrically connected needed for being formed.However, electric light This removal of medium has the problem of its own, especially when FPL is the polymer film by being coated with thin (smaller than about 25 μm) During formation.Typically, electro-optical medium must be removed by using solvent or mechanical removal, and both modes may (conductive layer is typically metal oxide layer, such as thickness indium oxide smaller than 1 μm to destroy or remove the conductive layer of FPL Tin), electrical connection is succeeded.In extreme case, it is also possible to cause to being used to support and mechanically protecting the conductive layer The destruction of prebasal plate (typically polymer film).In some cases, it is difficult the material to form electro-optical medium is turned into solvent Compound, and perhaps this can not possibly remove them in the case where aggressive solvent and/or mechanical pressure high is not used, but adopt Can deteriorate foregoing problem with aggressive solvent or mechanical pressure high.
The similar approach that electro-optical medium is removed using selectively applied electro-optical medium and/or selectivity can also be applied to Foregoing double release films and inverted frontal plane lamination.
The FPL pieces for isolating the suitable dimension for being laminated to respective backboard from continuous slab using laser cutting are actual Common.By that with laser " osculating cuts " FPL from laminated adhesive side, can also be prepared using such laser cutting For the region of the electrical connection to backboard, to remove laminated adhesive and electro-optical medium from join domain, but conduction is not removed Layer.If not removing or destroying thin and relatively brittle conductive layer, such osculating cut need precise control laser power and Both cutting speeds.In addition, according to the position of connection, the possible breakable conductive layer of prebasal plate for bending conductive layer and associating causes The suitable connection between backboard and conductive layer cannot be produced, and therefore cannot be shown.
The method that foregoing No.2007/0211331 describes the electrical connection of the conductive layer to form frontal plane lamination.Should Application describes the first technique for manufacturing frontal plane lamination, including forms sub-component, and the sub-component includes that lamination is gluing Oxidant layer and layer of electro-optic medium；Formed through the hole of the sub-component；And the euphotic electrode layer that then would extend through the hole is fixed To the exposed surface of laminated adhesive.The FPL for being obtained has through the precut hole of electro-optical medium and gluing oxidant layer, should It is easy to be contacted with electrode layer in precut hole.
Foregoing No.2007/0211331 also describes the second method for manufacturing frontal plane lamination, and it includes shape Into sub-component, the sub-component includes laminated adhesive layer and layer of electro-optic medium；And euphotic electrode layer is then fixed to lamination The exposed surface of adhesive, the electrode layer has the protuberance outside the circumference for extending to laminated adhesive and layer of electro-optic medium Point.
The content of the invention
One aspect of the present invention is related to the alternative side for forming the electrical connection to the conductive layer of frontal plane lamination Method, it is substantially similar to those features described in foregoing No.2007/0211331, but need not be formed by electric light The hole of layer provides the ledge on electrode layer.
The second aspect of the invention is related to reduction to be passed through in the test frontal plane lamination and similar structures of prior art The problem gone through.The first method of testing for frontal plane lamination described in foregoing United States Patent (USP) No.6,982,178 Significant need makes the electrical contact with the light transmission conductive layer and conductive layer of release board.Can be as in foregoing No.2007/ As described in 0211331, the contact (so-called " top with light transmission conductive layer is made by providing precut through hole Face connects "), wherein the precut through hole appointing by electro-optical medium and between the electro-optical medium and light transmission conductive layer What gluing oxidant layer.Contact with the conductive layer of release board can extend outwardly into the residual of frontal plane lamination by provide release board The part outside layer is stayed to realize, conductive layer is exposed on the expanded range.
The frontal plane lamination (being generally indicated at P100) of the representative prior art of this type is illustrated in Fig. 1 and Fig. 2, wherein Fig. 1 is by a schematic cross-section for inspection protuberance shown in Fig. 1 for the top view and Fig. 2 of frontal plane lamination. FPL P100 have the major part P102 and two inspection protuberances of rectangle, and each inspection protuberance is generally indicated at P104； Each protuberance P104 has the inside P104A and outside P104B of neighbouring major part P102.
As shown in Fig. 2 FPL P100 include several different layers, it is from top surface (observation) these layer of order of FPL：
A () mask P106, it is used to protect following layer and was removed it before final display is placed in into use；
(b) Optical transparent adhesive adhesive layer P108；
(c) pet layer P110, its support for being used as support and protective layer；
D euphotic electrode layer P112 that () is formed by tin indium oxide (ITO)；
E () electrooptic layer P114, is illustrated as the electrophoresis layer of encapsulation；
(f) laminated adhesive layer P116；
(g) conduction aluminized coating P118, its by
H () polymer film P120 is supported, the polymer film and aluminized coating P118 form conductive release board together.
All aforementioned layers are through the major part P102 and inside P104A of each protuberance P104.However, such as Fig. 2 It is shown, there was only aluminized coating P118 and polymer film P120 in the outside P104B of each protuberance P104, so as in each outside In P104, the upper surface (as shown in Figure 2) of aluminized coating is exposed such that it is able to constitute the electrical contact with the coating.In order to structure Into the contact with ITO layer P112, each inner projection P104A is furnished with top surface connecting hole P122, (as shown in Figure 2) its from The lower surface of FPL P100 extends through polymeric layer P120, aluminized coating P118, gluing oxidant layer P116 and electrooptic layer P114. The silver layer P124 of the brush of being impressed by the exposed part overlying in hole 122 of ITO layer P112, silver layer P124 be used for when with probe with When ITO layer P112 makes electrical contact with, electrooptic layer P114 (is being applied to ITO layer by the risk for reducing the ITO layer P112 for damaging relatively brittle Before P112 is upper, by being made silver layer P124 on printed silver ink water to the ITO layer P112 supported on pet layer P110).
By the exposed surface with probe contacts aluminized coating P118 and silver layer P124, can be by foregoing United States Patent (USP) The first method of testing described in No.6,982,178 has the FPL of the size corresponding to individual monitor to test P100.The follow-up removal of the release board including polymeric layer P120 and aluminized coating P118 eliminates External protrusions point P104B, stays Lower inner projection P104A, and the top surface connection that their hole P122 can be used to serve as in final display.
FPL structures in prior art shown in Fig. 1 and Fig. 2 provide the good result of the FPL of relative thick, such as foregoing United States Patent (USP) No.6, described in 982,178, its pet layer P110 for being based on the Mill of thickness about 5 (127 μm).However, working as Fig. 1 When with the FPL structures in the prior art shown in Fig. 2 being the pet layer based on the Mill of thickness about 1 (25 μm), exist device to hole P122 or The risk of the mechanical damage of the adjacent part of silver layer P124 and ITO layer P112, and because hole P122 is used to survey in the structure shown here Try purpose and connected as the top surface in final display, the destruction to the hole or adjacent conductive layer during testing can Have influence on the performance of final display.
Structure shown in Fig. 1 and Fig. 2 also has other shortcomings.United States Patent (USP) No.6 as the aforementioned, described in 982,178, Electrooptic layer is coated with typically via being already coated with the polymer film of ITO (this be coated with the film of ITO for commercially available) To prepare FPL；If there is silver layer P124, then the layer was coated with before electrooptic layer is applied.In addition, gluing oxidant layer P116 is coated with To including aluminium lamination P118 and polymeric layer P120 conductive release board on, and typically under heat and pressure by it is resulting Adhesive subcomponent layers are pressed onto electrooptic layer on release board.So far expect to be carried out on the material of lamellar or big sheet form The process, and only after FPL is prepared, be cut to and be suitable for the multiple blocks to form each display.
If preparing the structure shown in Fig. 1 and Fig. 2 in this way, also need to electrooptic layer and to be released on PET Put plate gluing stick it is laminated together before, they are cut respectively, and be then laminated them, keep fine alignment with true It is still exposed on small External protrusions point P104B to protect aluminium lamination, or needs for the FPL of piece layer pressure to cut into Fig. 1 institutes The shape shown, then removes layer P106 to P116 from External protrusions point P104B.In either case, in addition it is also necessary to form hole P122.In fact, the FPL of lamination is cut into the shape shown in Fig. 1, and cut using laser " kiss " from the both sides of FPL, To remove undesired layer from External protrusions point P104B and be used to form hole 122.Such laser cutting may be damaged The adjacent part of silver layer P124 and/or ITO layer P112, its unfavorable result has been described above.
Additionally, same top surface connection (hole P122) of structural requirement shown in Fig. 1 and Fig. 2 is used to test and used in final display In device, and for engineering reasons, there is provided the top surface connection for independent group of the two purposes is perhaps more convenient, and is moving After except conductive release board P118/P120, inner projection P104A is remained on final FPL, and in some cases, The presence of the inner projection P104A of these protrusions may cause inconvenience.
The second aspect of the present invention is to seek to provide a kind of frontal plane lamination of manufacture or similar products, and it reduces or eliminates The defect of prior art construction discussed above.
Therefore, in an aspect, the invention provides a kind of for producing the manufacture being used in production electro-optic displays The method of product, the method includes：
Offer includes the electric light sub-component of layer of electro-optic medium；
Offer includes the adhesive sub-component of gluing oxidant layer, and the gluing oxidant layer is at least one dimension than the electro-optical medium Layer is big, and the gluing oxidant layer has and extends through at least one hole therein；And
The adhesive sub-component to the electric light sub-component is adhered to, so that a part for the gluing oxidant layer adheres to electric light matchmaker Still at least one of gluing oxidant layer hole and the layer of electro-optic medium are spaced apart (i.e. so that electro-optical medium does not block gluing matter layer The adjacent end of oxidant layer mesopore).
In the method in such " pre-formed hole ", before electric light sub-component can include being formed in final display The light transmission conductive layer of electrode.In addition, in this case, layer of electro-optic medium be also typically included in light transmission conductive layer with electricity At least one support or protective layer on optical media layer opposite side, the support or protective layer used supporting conductive layer and be used to protect It is protected from mechanical damage.The support or protective layer also act as other effects, for example, serve as and resist steam and/or ultraviolet radiation Stop, and/or provide desired surface texture (generally watching electro-optical medium from the side of supporting conductive layer certainly).Substitute Ground, electric light sub-component may include the second gluing oxidant layer being positioned on one of surface of layer of electro-optic medium, by adhesive Sub-component adheres to the surface of the layer of electro-optic medium not covered by the second gluing oxidant layer.The second gluing oxidant layer is away from The surface of layer of electro-optic medium can be released plate and be covered.Electric light sub-component also includes covering being attached for the layer of electro-optic medium To the release board on the surface of the adhesive sub-component, this is released before the layer of electro-optic medium is in contact with the adhesive sub-component Plate is put to be removed from the layer of electro-optic medium.
Typically, adhesive sub-component includes carrying the release board of gluing oxidant layer.Do not need the gluing oxidant layer at least One hole extends through the release board, but typically at least one hole is such, because by cutting completely (for example By being cut by laser or being punched) pass through adhesive sub-component to form the usual most convenient at least one hole.
The electro-optical medium being used in the process of the present invention can be any type of solid electro-optic medium for describing before.This Sample, electro-optical medium can be rotating bichromal member or electrochromic medium.Electro-optical medium can also be including being arranged in fluid In and can move through under the influence of electric fields fluid multiple charged particles electrophoresis material.Charged particle and fluid can It is limited in multiple capsules or micro unit.Alternatively, electrophoresis material can be polymer dispersion, and charged particle and fluid are made For by the continuous phase including polymeric material around multiple separate droplets exist.
The invention further relates to the novel sub-component and display produced by the method for the present invention.Using of the invention The manufacture product and electro-optic displays that method is produced have been used in any application of electro-optic displays before being used in.Cause This, the present invention relates to include e-book reading that is display of the invention or being produced using the method for the present invention or part Device, portable computer, tablet PC, cell phone, smart card, label, wrist-watch, shelf label and flash drive.
The present invention also provides the sub-component being used in production electro-optic displays, and the sub-component includes：
Layer of electro-optic medium；
The gluing oxidant layer bigger than the layer of electro-optic medium at least one dimension, the gluing oxidant layer have extend through wherein At least one hole；
A part for the gluing oxidant layer adheres to the layer of electro-optic medium but at least one of gluing oxidant layer hole and should Layer of electro-optic medium is spaced apart.
In such sub-component, multiple discontinuity zones of the layer of electro-optic medium are arranged on substrate, this is discontinuous Region is separated by the area without the electro-optical medium, and multiple holes may pass through the gluing oxidant layer, an end in each hole In terminating at one of them area.Sub-component can be included in being away from the surface of the gluing oxidant layer of the layer of electro-optic medium In the light transmission conductive layer of arrangement.
The present invention relates to a kind of electro-optic displays, it includes foregoing sub-component and adheres to the backboard of adhesion layer, the back of the body Plate includes neighbouring layer of electro-optic medium at least one first electrode arranged and be spaced apart with layer of electro-optic medium at least one the Two electrodes, at least one second electrode makes electrical contact with through at least one of gluing oxidant layer hole and light transmission conductive layer.The present invention is also It is related to include E-book reader, portable computer, tablet PC, cell phone, smart card, the mark of such display Board, wrist-watch, shelf label and flash drive.
In second main aspect, the manufacture product that the present invention is provided in a kind of electro-optic displays used in production (" can divide From protuberance frontal plane lamination " or " DTFPL "), the product include conductive layer and layer of electro-optic medium, the conductive layer have by this The major part of layer of electro-optic medium covering, the expose portion exposed at least a portion of the conductive layer without the electro-optical medium, And the vulnerable area of the major part and the expose portion is connected, so that the expose portion can be operable to cause weak point The fracture for dividing, thus separates the expose portion from the major part, and there is no infringement to the major part.
Typically, in separable protuberance frontal plane lamination of the invention, on supporting layer (such as polymer film) Support all parts of conductive layer and conductive layer and supporting layer are respectively provided with vulnerable area so that the expose portion and branch of conductive layer The related part for supportting layer can be separated from the major part of the conductive layer part related to supporting layer.The supporting layer is also acted as Other effects, for example, serve as the barrier layer for resisting steam and/or ultraviolet radiation, and/or provide desired surface texture.
Although product provided by the present invention being referred to as into " separable protuberance frontal plane lamination " above and being led below To refer to and be described similar to " complete " the frontal plane lamination shown in Fig. 1 and Fig. 2, but can apply the invention to electric light The other structures of layer and conductive layer.For example, foregoing 2004/0155857 describes one kind including being clipped between two release boards Electrooptic layer double release films, the one of this pair release film or the two can include conductive layer for test purposes.It is such Double release films can be furnished with separable protuberance of the invention.Similarly, in the FPL of Fig. 2 shown types, it is convenient to omit release Put the conductive layer P118 of plate and be that conductive layer P112 configures separable protuberance, and using applying electrostatic charge to polymer Film P112, by foregoing United States Patent (USP) No.6, second method described by 982,178 tests FPL.
As previously discussed, being typically directed at the frontal plane lamination for testing has two separate conductive layers, and one is led Electric layer (P112 in Fig. 2) forms the preceding electrode in final display, and other conductive layers (P118 in Fig. 2) for conduction is released A part for plate is put, it the past flat stack can be removed before backboard is laminated to.Desirably, before such dual electric layer In flat stack, for each conductive layer provides separable exposed part.For the ease of removing two separable exposures Part, expect that they offset with respect to each, i.e., be separated from each other in the plane of layer of electro-optic medium.Can be with the phase described in Fig. 2 The expose portion of preceding electrode conducting layer is provided with mode, frontal plane is extended through in other words by being provided on preceding electrode conducting layer The hole of lamination (and conductive release board, if conductive release board covers the position in hole).In such as Fig. 2, can be by providing and conduction The conductive welding disk of layer electrical connection come strengthen preceding electrode conducting layer by the exposed part of hole institute.Although two exposed portion of conductive layer Divide and may be located on same separable protuberance, but typically providing two for two expose portions of conductive layers can divide From protuberance be convenient.As discussed more fully below, there is provided the advantage of separate protuberance is, at least in certain situation Under, there can be the electricity for adhering to it simply by weakening the appropriate area of FPL and then being removed from associated projection The prebasal plate of optical media and adhesive provides the expose portion of the conductive layer on release board.
Although needing some electrical connections being maintained between the expose portion of conductive layer and major part certainly to ensure Electro-optical medium can still switch during test process, but one or more vulnerable areas of DTFPL can have multi-form. For example, in the FPL of Fig. 2 shown types, for example by allow pet layer P110 and polymeric layer P120 and heating component touch come Reduce their thickness.Nevertheless, it is generally preferred that being some that vulnerable area is for example cut by perforation or junction of the edges of two sheets of paper point； Latter of which is preferred, because it will not produce the fragment of a large amount of fritters.
Any solid electro-optic medium of the described type before being of the electro-optical medium in DTFPL of the invention. So, electro-optical medium can be rotating bichromal member or electrochromic medium.Electro-optical medium can also be including being arranged in stream In body and can move through under the influence of electric fields fluid multiple charged particles electrophoresis material.By charged particle and stream Body is limited in multiple capsules or micro unit.Alternatively, electrophoresis material can be polymer dispersion, charged particle and fluid As by the continuous phase including polymeric material around multiple separate droplets and exist.The fluid that this is used can be Liquid or gas.
The electro-optic displays produced using DTFPL of the invention have used any of electro-optic displays before being used in In.Therefore, the present invention relates to include using product of the invention the E-book reader of the display that produces, portable Computer, tablet PC, cell phone, smart card, label, wrist-watch, shelf label and flash drive.
Finally, the present invention provides a kind of method for testing layer of electro-optic medium, and the method includes：
Offer includes the product of conductive layer and layer of electro-optic medium, and the conductive layer is main with what is covered by the layer of electro-optic medium Partly, expose the expose portion at least a portion of the conductive layer without the electro-optical medium, and connect the major part and The vulnerable area of the expose portion；
Applying is enough to change the voltage of the optical states of the layer of electro-optic medium to the conductive layer；
And then the outward appearance of the layer of electro-optic medium is observed in the change；And
Then, the expose portion is operated to cause the fracture of vulnerable area, and thus the expose portion divides from the major part Leave and infringement is there is no to major part.
In such method, product (DTFPL) may include to be arranged in the first He on the opposite side of the layer of electro-optic medium Second conductive layer, each of first and second conductive layer is furnished with expose portion and vulnerable area, applies this voltage to this Between first and second conductive layers, and two expose portions are then operated to cause two fractures of vulnerable area.
Brief description of the drawings
Accompanying drawing be not it is strict in proportion.Particularly for being easy to illustrate, with respect to the thickness of each layer of its lateral dimension Have and significantly exaggerate.The present invention is suitable for thin, the flexible electro-optic displays of manufacture；Typically, with the side being described below About 100 μm of the thickness of the sub-component in method, and can be in turn laminated in the flexible back plate of similar thickness.
As has been described, Fig. 1 is the top view with the frontal plane lamination for checking protuberance of prior art；
Fig. 2 is the cross-sectional view of one of inspection protuberance of the frontal plane lamination shown in Fig. 1；
Fig. 3 A to Fig. 3 E are the cross-sectional view of the different phase in pre-formed hole technique of the invention；
Fig. 4 A are the top schematic diagram in the stage of the pre-formed hole technique shown in Fig. 3 C；
Fig. 4 B are the top schematic diagram in the stage of the pre-formed hole technique shown in Fig. 3 E；
Fig. 5 A to Fig. 5 C are to be applied in the display for being used to that the product in the technique of Fig. 3 A to Fig. 3 E is changed into completion The cross-sectional view of different phase in technique；
Similar to Fig. 3 A to Fig. 3 E, Fig. 6 A to Fig. 6 E are respectively before for manufacturing separable protuberance of the invention The cross-sectional view of different phase in the technique of flat stack；
Fig. 7 A and Fig. 7 B are respectively the top schematic diagram of the operation stage corresponding to Fig. 6 C and Fig. 6 E.
Specific embodiment
Before each embodiment of the invention is specifically described, it is stipulated that some definition are useful.Art as used herein Conventional sense of the language " backboard " with it in electro-optic displays field and in foregoing patent and disclosed application is consistent, refers to Rigidity or flexible material equipped with one or more electrodes.The backboard may be equipped with the electronic device for addressing display, Or by the configuration of such electronic device in the unit being separated with backboard.In flexible display (and the present invention especially but It is not intended to uniquely be used in flexible display), it would be highly desirable to backboard provides enough barrier properties to prevent water from dividing and other Pollutant is entered by the non-viewing side of display.Add if desired one or more extra plays to backboard with reduce moisture and The entrance of other pollutants, then barrier layer should as much as possible in close to electrooptic layer, so before and after (discussed below) The edge contour of little or no low-resistance obstructing material between barrier layer.
The release board of " pine " and " tight " will hereinafter be mentioned.These terms for being used take its conventional meaning in the art Think, the size by required power is peeled from this layer to the related release board that layer is contacted is referred to, required for tight release board Release board of the power more than pine.Especially, if stack layer has tight release board and in other side there is pine oil to put in side Plate, then can peel away loose release board from the heap is stacked on, and without separating tight release board from heap is stacked on.
Some displays of the invention or sub-component include two gluing oxidant layer of separation.When needed or expect when, can " preceding " and " afterwards " gluing oxidant layer is expressed as with by two gluing oxidant layer, these terms represent relative adhesive layer and finally showing Show the position in device；Preceding gluing oxidant layer is the gluing oxidant layer being located between the electro-optical medium of display and viewing surface, then glue Adhesive layer is then on electrooptic layer with preceding gluing oxidant layer opposite side.Have between electrooptic layer and viewing surface in display single Individual preceding electrode and there are multiple pixel electrodes under normal circumstances on the opposite side of electrooptic layer, preceding gluing oxidant layer is located at electric light Between layer and preceding electrode, then gluing oxidant layer is located between electrooptic layer and pixel electrode.
As indicated above, the present invention provides the technique in a kind of " pre-formed hole " in an aspect, is used for manufacturing Sub-component in electro-optic displays manufacture.Herein in the technique in pre-formed hole, the electric light and gluing jizi for making dumplings of separation are formd Component, the former at least includes layer of electro-optic medium and the latter at least includes gluing oxidant layer.The gluing oxidant layer has one or more Extend through hole therein.Two sub-components are adhered to each other, so a part of gluing oxidant layer adheres to layer of electro-optic medium, But the hole that electro-optical medium is not blocked in gluing oxidant layer.
As noted, at least one electrode layer can be included with electric light sub-component in the process, most common is to prolong Extend through the single continuous preceding electrode of whole display.Typically, it is away from the surface of the electric light sub-component of adhesive sub-component Viewing face is formed, observer watches display by it.Because with backboard, electric light sub-component can provide barrier properties and be used to Prevent moisture and other pollutants through the viewing side of display.Add if desired one or more extra plays to sub-component with Moisture and the entrance of other pollutants are reduced, then barrier layer should be in close to electrooptic layer as much as possible, so be hindered in front and rear There is the edge contour of little or no low-resistance obstructing material between barrier.For its in such barrier layer and two sub-components The more specific discussion of his optical layer, referring to foregoing 2007/0109219 and 2007/0152956.
Fig. 3 A to Fig. 3 E are the cross-sectional view of the different phase in pre-formed hole technique of the invention.In the work In the first step of skill, electro-optical medium is coated with or otherwise deposited on tight release board 302, be used to form electrooptic layer 304.Dividually, preceding gluing oxidant layer 306 is applied on loose release board 308.Then the two gained sub-components are mutually laminated, Gluing oxidant layer 306 is in contact with electrooptic layer 304, to produce the structure shown in Fig. 3 A.These steps and foregoing United States Patent (USP) No.7, as 110,164 is described, and as described in foregoing 2004/0155857, gained component is double releases Plate.
In the second step of the technique, the structure shown in Fig. 3 A faces cutting tool (typically in loose release board 308 Laser cutting machine) in the case of cut by osculating, implement osculating cut to cut off loose release board 308, preceding gluing oxidant layer 306 and electrooptic layer 304, but tight release board 302 is not cut off.Then loose release board 308, preceding gluing oxidant layer 306 and electrooptic layer are either manually or mechanically removed 304 continuous part, so leaves the structure shown in Fig. 3 B, wherein the multiple " platform upwardly extended with urgent release board 302 Face ", the table top includes the He of region 316 of the similar size on the island 318 and preceding gluing oxidant layer and electrooptic layer of loose release board respectively 314.Each of these table tops will ultimately form separate display, and (in some cases, having in other small displays can Can reuse the part for loose release board 308 separate of preceding gluing oxidant layer and electrooptic layer).
Thus, very typically in the continuous lamellar or big light sheet material of the material for being enough to form several final displays The stage of technique described by upper implementation.For the ease of illustrating, Fig. 3 B illustrate only two separate table tops, but it is understood that , actually have more table top on single big thin plate (sheet) or lamellar (web).When based on volume to volume, When implementing the technique on lamellar, lamellar used can include the traction feed-in formed along the lateral edges of sheet of material bar Hole, is used to serve as alignment hole.Alternatively, it is photosensitive to control that reference mark and these reference marks are provided on the lamellar The alignment of sheeting bar.
In the next step, the remainder 318 of loose release board is peeled off from the structure shown in Fig. 3 B, and this is tied The rest layers of structure are laminated on the plate of prebasal plate 320.Prebasal plate 320 is the indium oxide for including the preceding electrode for forming final display The sandwich construction of tin (ITO) layer.The prebasal plate can also include removable mask, and it can make final display is placed in Removed before in.
Prebasal plate is designed specifically for providing the preceding euphotic electrode for final display.For this thin and relatively brittle Preceding electrode, prebasal plate 320 additionally provides required mechanical support.Additionally, prebasal plate preferably provides institute steam in need And oxygen barrier, and uv absorption property, expect to protect some electrooptic layers, especially electrophoresis layer.Prebasal plate can be with The anti-glare properties energy on the desired viewing surface to final display is provided.It is same that prebasal plate 320 provides all these functions When still can be sufficiently thin and flexible so that the final display of formation it is sufficiently flexible with around diameter (such as) be 15mm Reel.As has been described, prebasal plate includes mask, there is provided the mask is mainly for the thickness of increase prebasal plate is in order in lamination During process the substrate.In preferred technique, when front substrate is stayed in final display (i.e. in the case of removal mask) The gross thickness of prebasal plate only about 1 Mill (25 μm), and for the ease for the treatment of, added about in the thickness using mask 2 Mills (51 μm).Typically, the mask is also used for preventing the scratch of dust or fragment to adjacent anti-dazzle photosphere during being laminated Or adhesion.Fig. 3 C show the structure obtained by the step from this technique, and the structure includes being suitably employed in work of the invention Electric light sub-component in skill.
The step of previous process, is substantially same as the technique with reference to described by foregoing 2008/0057252 Fig. 2A to 2E Those steps, reader can be consulted it to obtain further information.
At this point, the second thin gluing oxidant layer 322 is applied on the 3rd release board 324, and be present in most Top surface in whole display is connected and formed through gluing oxidant layer 322 at (connection between backboard and preceding electrode) corresponding position With the hole 326 of release board 324, the adhesive sub-component being suitably employed in present invention process is thus produced.In order to implement this technique, Release board 302 is peeled off from the electric light sub-component shown in Fig. 3 C and by gluing oxidant layer 322 be laminated to electric light layer segment 314 with Structure shown in Fig. 3 D is provided.It is noted that the hole 326 arranged in gluing oxidant layer is with so that they are spaced apart (i.e. with electricity with table top Light layer segment 314 is spaced apart), table top is not blocked hole 326.Fig. 4 A show the top view corresponding to Fig. 3 D, but only illustrate The hole 326 that single table top is associated with it.In this stage of the technique, material is still deposited in the form of lamellar or big thin plate And as indicated by the curved boundary of prebasal plate 320, Fig. 4 A only illustrate lamellar or a part for thin plate (is in Fig. 4 A It is easy to illustrate, Fig. 4 A illustrate only the single hole 326 being associated with table top.In fact, it is generally desirable to provide and each The associated two or more holes 326 in face, so that the excessive top surface connection in providing each final display, thereby guarantees that i.e. Just one of top surface connection is not properly formed or damages during use, and each display still can correctly run).
The next stage of technique is to split, that is, the part for going out sub-component corresponding to each displays separated.Fig. 3 E With the result that Fig. 4 B illustrate this segmentation step.The segmentation step generates three logically separate operations simultaneously, i.e.,：
A () thin plate or lamellar are cut into the block of the size required by each display；
B () forms the hole through gluing oxidant layer 322 for needing, for the sub-component during subsequently backboard is laminated to Mechanical registeration；And
C () is formed through the hole of prebasal plate 320, gluing oxidant layer 322 and release board 324, the hole is finally used to finally showing Show and electronic circuit is installed on the backboard of device.
As Fig. 3 E and 4B illustrate, prebasal plate 320, gluing oxidant layer 322 and release are cut by along same rectangular peripheral Plate 324, is finally in turn laminated to backboard to form the separative element (block) of the frontal plane lamination of single display device so as to limit Realize (a) operation.Separative element except splitting frontal plane lamination, the step generates the appropriate section for increasing final display Thickness non-optical active material extension protuberance or " afterbody " (before being located under electrooptic layer 314 as shown in Figure 4 B Flat stack part).If the afterbody without this non-optical active material, the thickness of final display will be only in the region Backboard thickness in itself, and in thin flexible display, the thickness of the backboard is only approximately 25 μm, the afterbody portion of extension Divide the thickness that extra 25 μm are typically provided, so that the thickness in the region is doubled to about 50 μm.Electrode before on providing The protuberance or tail portion of layer, and it is used to provide the such protuberance made electrical contact with the preceding electrode layer or tail portion What is used is discussed further referring to foregoing 2007/0211331.
By providing two roundlets adjacent with an edge (lower edge as shown in Figure 4 B) of rectangle frontal plane lamination Hole 328 come realize (b) operation (although Fig. 3 E are above seeing the cross-sectional view of Fig. 4 B, in order to make it easy to understand, in Fig. 3 E with Hole shown in phantom 328, therefore actually hole 328 is invisible in the cross-sectional view of Fig. 3 E).As shown in FIGURE 3 E, hole 328 is located at In the tail portion of FPL and the whole thickness of FPL is extended through, through prebasal plate 320, gluing oxidant layer 322 and release board 324.Hole 328 can be used for mechanical registeration or connecing in the FPL during being laminated to backboard or during subsequent stage of fabrication It is attached.As described by below with reference to Fig. 5 A to Fig. 5 C, hole 328 can be used to combine and be carried on the substrate of backboard or carrying backboard The registration pin of confession or similar collaboration component, to ensure accuracy registrations of the FPL relative to backboard.Hole 328 can be used on system The follow-up phase of technique is made with the housing relative to final commercial display unit or other peripheral part (such as printed circuits Plate) final display apparatus module is precisely located, or be used to for the display apparatus module to be attached to such housing or peripheral part.
(c) is realized by providing rectangular opening 330 in the tail portion of FPL to operate, the rectangular opening 330 fully extends logical FPL is crossed, i.e., by prebasal plate 320, gluing oxidant layer 322 and release board 324.As discussed below, typically with Fig. 3 E and figure The FPL of 4B shown types with and FPL the essentially identical backboard of size so that FPL substantially covers whole backboard.Therefore, such as Fruit is desired to have the electric pathway of backboard, such as the installation of driver chip on backboard, then the hole for being formed must be allowed for this Sample, and this is the effect in hole 330.Can place driver chip or other electronic circuits in hole 330, and around The FPL in the hole provides the region that increased thickness, and this contributes to the sturdy and durable of display.
Fig. 5 A illustrate a kind of technique in quite schematical mode, wherein by the frontal plane lamination shown in Fig. 3 E and Fig. 4 B Block be laminated to backboard.As shown in Figure 5A, supporting table 350 is furnished with a pair of pin 352 (only one is visible in Fig. 5 A).Backboard 354 is matched somebody with somebody There is the hole of engaging pin 352.To be removed in release board 324 (see Fig. 3 E) the past flat stack 356, engaged followed by with pin 352 Hole 328 (see Fig. 3 E and Fig. 4 B) the frontal plane lamination 356 is lain on backboard.Roll 358 is passed through on frontal plane lamination 356 Cross, gluing oxidant layer 322 (see Fig. 3 E) is attached to the adjacently situated surfaces of backboard 354 and is thus arrived frontal plane laminate Backboard is forming display.United States Patent (USP) No.6 as the aforementioned, described in 982,178, can be before the lamination in backboard Appropriate point on place conductive ink, in the conductive ink is suppressed inlet hole 326 during being laminated, to be used to be formed on backboard The conductive through hole (not showing yet) of electrode layer that is connected in prebasal plate 320 of contact pad (not shown).Alternatively, particularly such as Pectin adhesive layer 322 and prebasal plate 320 are thin, and the lamination will make or many on electrode layer and backboard in prebasal plate 320 Individual contact pad electrical contact, and without such conductive ink.After the lamination, the FPL that will be laminated and backboard are from supporting table 350 remove, structure (meaning of arrow in Fig. 5 B explained below) as shown in Figure 5 B.
When being laminated frontal plane and being laminated to backboard, FPL must typically be aligned relative to back board member, such as relative to setting Meter is used to provide the contact pad being in contact with the electrode layer in frontal plane lamination and is aligned.According to design requirement, FPL can be set It is calculated as (in order to realize electrical connection in the unlapped backplane regions of FPL) smaller than backboard or identical with backboard size.If FPL Or the barrier layer that is laminated on FPL is identical with backboard size, then be difficult to realize neat justified margin in practice, because right There are some trend inaccurately alignd with backboard all the time for FPL.In addition, some parts desired during manufacture, all Then it is undesirable in such as checking protuberance or positioning strip (tacking strip) if present in the display apparatus module for completing.
In the presence of (such as commercially available from DuPont Teijin based on polymer film using having PET or poly- (vinylnaphthalene) (poly under the registration mark TEONEX of FilmsofHopewellVA (ethylenenaphthalate)), PEN) or tinsel thin backboard electro-optical medium growth trend.Based on such The electro-optic displays of thin backboard can for flexible or rollable, and therefore can be used on traditional monitor institute it is non-serviceable certain In a little applications (such as can be stored in big display screen in mobile phone-referring to foregoing 2002/0090980).Send out It is existing, can easily to being laminated to such polymer or tinsel by the commercial run that is such as cut by laser or is punched FPL on backboard is cut, and this cutting to FPL/ backboard laminations can be in FPL (or resistances being covered in above FPL Barrier) realize the edge of accurately mate, will not having a negative impact to the feature of final display and backboard between.It is this to cut Cut the part for also causing to remove and using during manufacture but do not expected in final display and exist.
As the arrow in Fig. 5 B is schematically pointed out, produced lamination is then repaired by laser or punching in Fig. 5 B, It is used to the final display apparatus module for producing Fig. 5 C to be schematically illustrated.
As the above mentioned, second main aspect of the invention is related to separable protuberance frontal plane lamination, its Including conductive layer and layer of electro-optic medium, the conductive layer has the major part covered by layer of electro-optic medium, exposes without the electricity Expose portion at least a portion of the conductive layer of optical media, and connection major part is exposed portion of weak point with this Point so that the part that is exposed can be located away from major part, and damage is there is no to major part.
Typically, the surface still for exposed DTFPL of the invention after backboard is laminated to will form viewing face, observe Person watches display by the viewing face.Barrier properties can be provided due to the prebasal plate with backboard, DTFPL to prevent water point Or other pollutants are entered by the viewing side of display.Add one or more extra plays to DTFPL to reduce if desired The entrance of moisture and other pollutants, then barrier layer should as much as possible in close to electrooptic layer, so on front and rear barrier layer Between little or no low-resistance obstructing material edge contour.
Fig. 6 A to Fig. 6 E are the transversal of the different phase through the frontal plane lamination for manufacturing separable protuberance of the invention Face schematic diagram.The technique that Fig. 6 A to Fig. 6 E are illustrated is very similar to the technique that figure 3 above A to Fig. 3 E is illustrated, therefore below Only simplify the aspect of description Fig. 6 A to Fig. 6 E technique different from the corresponding aspect of Fig. 3 A to Fig. 3 E techniques.Institute in Fig. 6 A and Fig. 6 B The technique in the first two stage of signal is identical with the respective stage shown in Fig. 3 A and Fig. 3 B respectively.Under shown in actual figure 6 above C One stage is also identical with shown in Fig. 3 C, but based on it is as follows the reasons why, euphotic electrode in final display will be formed Preceding electrode layer 621 be individually illustrated in figure 6 c.
The next step of the technique uses the 3rd release board 624, and one of surface of the 3rd release board is with conduction Layer 625.The technique anticipated as shown in fig.3d, thin gluing oxidant layer 322 is coated on the 3rd release board, but in the situation In, gluing oxidant layer is deposited on conductive layer 625.Be present in final display in the corresponding position of top surface connection at Formed through gluing oxidant layer 322, the hole 326 of the release board 624 of conductive layer 625 and the 3rd.Also formed through gluing oxidant layer 322, led Second hole 628 of electric layer 625 and release board 624, in order to form separable inspection protuberance as described below.Together When, preferably discontinuously, along line 627 (see Fig. 7 A) cutting release board 624 it is used to form (discussed further below) positioning strip. Structure shown in release board 302 from Fig. 6 C is peeled off and is laminated to electric light layer segment 314 to provide Fig. 6 D institutes by gluing oxidant layer 322 The structure shown.Fig. 7 A show the hole 326 and 628 and the corresponding top view of line 627 for only illustrating single table top and its association. In this stage of technique, material is still the form of lamellar or big thin plate and such as the curved side of prebasal plate 320 in Fig. 7 A Indicated by boundary, Fig. 7 A only illustrate a part of plate or piece (although Fig. 6 D and Fig. 6 E are above seeing the cross-sectional view of Fig. 7 A, It is that in order to make it easy to understand, hole shown in broken lines 628 in Fig. 6 D and Fig. 6 E, therefore actually hole 628 is in the transversal of Fig. 6 D and Fig. 6 E It is invisible in face).Gluing oxidant layer 322 must accurately be aligned relative to table top certainly, to ensure hole 326 and 628 and line 627 In the correct position of the table top associated relative to them, (for the ease of illustrating, Fig. 7 A illustrate only association as shown in Figure 7 A In the single hole 326 of table top.In fact, in structure as shown in Figure 4 A, it is usually desirable to which offer is associated with the two of each table top Individual or multiple holes 326, so that the excessive top surface connection during each final display is provided, even if thereby guaranteeing that one of top Face connection is not properly formed or damages during use, and each display still can correctly run).
The next stage of this technique is segmentation, that is, is partially separated corresponding to the FPL of each display.Fig. 6 E and figure 7B illustrates the result of the segmentation step.Thin plate or lamellar are not only cut into size required by each display by segmentation FPL blocks, also form (the lower edge institute in such as Fig. 7 B of separable protuberance 630 and 632 on an edge of every FPL blocks Show).Protuberance 630 only includes the small square with the FPL that the major part of FPL is separated by junction of the edges of two sheets of paper point (i.e. interruption cutting) line 634 Shape region.Protuberance 632 is separated around hole 628 and by junction of the edges of two sheets of paper dotted line 636 with the major part of FPL.Along the He of line 634 636 interruption cutting extends completely through FPL and uses the FPL blocks shown in Fig. 6 E and Fig. 7 B are separated from lamellar Same laser cutting machine is formed.Due to interruption cutting incomplete cut-off conductive layer 621 and 625, these conductive layers positioned at prominent The part gone out in portion 630 and 632 is electrically connected to major part of these conductive layers in the major part of FPL blocks.
Protuberance 630 aims to provide the path of the conductive layer 625 on release board 624, i.e. protuberance 630 to be played a part of It is identical with the External protrusions shown in Fig. 1 and Fig. 2 point P104B.Although being anticipated as shown in Fig. 6 E and Fig. 7 B, conductive layer 625 is still Covered by prebasal plate 320, front conductive layer 621 and gluing oxidant layer 322, it has been found that by catching and drawing prebasal plate by hand 320, prebasal plate 320, front conductive layer 621 and gluing oxidant layer 322 634 complete ruptures by along, to expose conductive layer 625.Prominent Go out in portion 632, hole 628 exposes front conductive layer 621 so that protuberance 632 play a part of with it is interior shown in Fig. 1 and Fig. 2 Ledge P104A is identical in portion.
For the FPL blocks shown in test chart 6E and Fig. 7 B, the conductive layer on protuberance 630 is exposed as described in the previous paragraph 625, and be to be in contact with the conductive layer 621 on conductive layer 625 and protuberance 632 on protuberance 630 by probe placement.Become The voltage of change is applied to conductive layer 621 and 625, so that electro-optical medium switches between its extreme optical state.By meat Eye or the switching by mechanical video system observation electro-optical medium.Once it was found that electro-optical medium is satisfactory, then remove probe.With Afterwards by drawing by hand come their removal protuberances 630 and 632, so that being torn along line 634 and 636 and separating protrusion Portion, the major part without being damaged to FPL blocks.Alternatively, can be incited somebody to action using protuberance 630 before FPL is laminated into backboard Release board 624 is peeled off from the rest layers of FPL.
Still as shown in Figure 7 B, segmentation of the FPL blocks from lamellar causes an edge close to and parallel to FPL blocks And the line 627 for extending, so as to be formed between online 627 and neighboring edge with along an elongation zone for continuous edge of FPL blocks The positioning strip 629 of domain form.Because release board 624 along line 627 be cut off, can remove release board 624 in positioning strip 629 The part of lower section, and without removing release board 624 from the major part of FPL blocks.Laminate backsheet and the two parts of FPL blocks with Formed display before, there is provided positioning strip 629 with contribute on backboard position FPL blocks；Remove release board 624 in positioning strip 629 lower section part and can remove release board 624 major part and complete laminating operation before, by hand will be thus sudden and violent The part of the gluing oxidant layer 322 of dew is pressed onto for being laminated in the correct position of backboard.
It is apparent that of the invention preferred what is described for electro-optic displays those skilled in the art A large amount of modification and improvement can be made in embodiment, without deviating from the scope of the present invention.For example, the present invention illustrated in accompanying drawing Preferred method in, before backboard is in turn laminated to, inverted frontal plane lamination can be cut into required by each display The block (referring to Fig. 3 E, 4B, 6E and 7B) of size.When a large amount of productions are expected, overturning the order of these segmentations and laminating operation is Easily, the thin plate or lamellar of the inverted frontal plane lamination to form multiple displays will be enough used in aligned manner On the thin plate or lamellar of the backboard for being laminated to form multiple displays, then it is split from the thin plate or lamellar Open.In the case of using the thin plate of inverted frontal plane lamination and backboard, backboard thin plate is consolidated typically during being laminated Be scheduled on supporting member, and can with the thin plate for remaining fixed in the display on the supporting member realize cutting operation (and Any desired finishing operation, such as above with reference to described by Fig. 5 B and Fig. 5 C).It is noted that in the change of the DTFPL techniques In example, it is thus only necessary to which single a pair of protuberances 630,632 are provided, it is used to the electro-optical medium of the complete thin plate for allowing test FPL.
In addition, in the preferred DTFPL techniques of the invention shown in Fig. 6 and Fig. 7, electro-optical medium does not extend to removable In protuberance.In other changes of the invention, electro-optical medium is extended in a part for protuberance.It is used for example in Protuberance in DTFPL techniques can be similar to shown in Fig. 1 and Fig. 2, but equipped with similar to the weak portion shown in Fig. 7 B Point, so that they are dismountable.
Although additionally, the separable protuberance in DTFPL techniques has been illustrated as from restriction FPL most in the accompanying drawings The discontinuous rectangle that the larger rectangular area of whole block form protrudes, but protuberance is not necessarily protruded in this form.According to most Form required by whole block FPL, protuberance can for example be located in the triangular cross section in the corner of the rectangular block of FPL Form, so that the final block of FPL is the rectangular in form with corner cut.

Claims (7)

1. a kind of manufacture product in product used in electro-optic displays, the manufacture product includes：
Supporting layer (320)；
Light transmission conductive layer (621)；And
Layer of electro-optic medium (314),
The conductive layer (621) is arranged between the supporting layer (320) and the layer of electro-optic medium (314),
The supporting layer (320) with the major part covered by the layer of electro-optic medium (314),
Exposure at least a portion of the supporting layer (320) with the conductive layer (621) exposed without the electro-optical medium (314) Partly (630,632), and the weak point of the major part of the supporting layer and the expose portion (630,632) of the supporting layer is connected Divide (634,636) so that the expose portion (630,632) is operated to cause the fracture of vulnerable area (634,636), thus from this The major part of supporting layer separates the expose portion (630,632) of the supporting layer and there is no damage to the major part Evil,
Wherein, the conductive layer (621) be metal level, metal oxide layer or conductive polymer coating.
2. manufacture product according to claim 1, including be arranged on the opposite side of the layer of electro-optic medium (314) first With the second conductive layer (621,625), first and second conductive layer (621,625) each equipped with expose portion (630, 632) with vulnerable area (634,636).
3. manufacture product according to claim 2, the wherein expose portion of first and second conductive layer (621,625) (630,632) it is spaced apart from each other in the plane of the layer of electro-optic medium (314).
4. manufacture product according to claim 1, wherein forming the weak point by reducing the thickness of the vulnerable area Point.
5. product is manufactured according to claim 1, and wherein the vulnerable area is formed by perforation or junction of the edges of two sheets of paper point.
6. a kind of method for testing layer of electro-optic medium, the method includes：
Offer includes the product of supporting layer (320), light transmission conductive layer (621) and layer of electro-optic medium (314), the conductive layer (621) It is arranged between the supporting layer (320) and the layer of electro-optic medium (314), the supporting layer (320) is with by the electro-optical medium Layer (314) covering major part, the supporting layer (320) with expose without the electro-optical medium (314) conductive layer (621, 625) expose portion (630,632) at least a portion, and connect the major part and the supporting layer of the supporting layer The vulnerable area (634,636) of expose portion (630,632)；
The voltage of the optical states that applying is enough to change the layer of electro-optic medium (314) is to the conductive layer (621)；
And then the outward appearance of the layer of electro-optic medium (314) is observed in the change of the optical states of the layer of electro-optic medium (314)；And
Then, the expose portion (630,632) is operated to cause the fracture of vulnerable area (634,636), thus from the main portion Separate the expose portion (630,632) and infringement there is no to the major part,
Wherein, the conductive layer (621) be metal level, metal oxide layer or conductive polymer coating.
7. method according to claim 6, wherein product includes being arranged on the opposite side of the layer of electro-optic medium (314) First and second conductive layers (621,625), each of first and second conductive layer (621,625) is furnished with expose portion (630,632) and vulnerable area (634,636), applies this voltage between first and second conductive layer (621,625), and And then operate two expose portions (630,632) to cause two fractures of vulnerable area (634,636).
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