CN102858886A - 自分散颗粒及其制造方法和其用途 - Google Patents
自分散颗粒及其制造方法和其用途 Download PDFInfo
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- CN102858886A CN102858886A CN2010800253109A CN201080025310A CN102858886A CN 102858886 A CN102858886 A CN 102858886A CN 2010800253109 A CN2010800253109 A CN 2010800253109A CN 201080025310 A CN201080025310 A CN 201080025310A CN 102858886 A CN102858886 A CN 102858886A
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 115
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- 239000001023 inorganic pigment Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 125000000962 organic group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- LFGREXWGYUGZLY-UHFFFAOYSA-N phosphoryl Chemical group [P]=O LFGREXWGYUGZLY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 230000000269 nucleophilic effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 229910052736 halogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 150000002367 halogens Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 claims description 155
- 239000008187 granular material Substances 0.000 claims description 101
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 69
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- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 33
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 30
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 29
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- HVBSAKJJOYLTQU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-aminobenzenesulfonic acid Chemical compound NC1=CC=C(S(O)(=O)=O)C=C1 HVBSAKJJOYLTQU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 19
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- ALYNCZNDIQEVRV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-aminobenzoic acid Chemical compound NC1=CC=C(C(O)=O)C=C1 ALYNCZNDIQEVRV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 18
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- JYEUMXHLPRZUAT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2,3-triazine Chemical compound C1=CN=NN=C1 JYEUMXHLPRZUAT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 15
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 claims description 15
- ZNLXEDDUXFMEML-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-[5-(2-chloroacetyl)thiophen-2-yl]acetic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CC1=CC=C(C(=O)CCl)S1 ZNLXEDDUXFMEML-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc monoxide Chemical compound [Zn]=O XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
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- FDTLQXNAPKJJAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(3-hydroxyquinolin-2-yl)indene-1,3-dione Chemical compound O=C1C2=CC=CC=C2C(=O)C1C1=NC2=CC=CC=C2C=C1O FDTLQXNAPKJJAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 11
- ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorine atom Chemical compound [Cl] ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 11
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- 125000004390 alkyl sulfonyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 10
- VFLDPWHFBUODDF-UHFFFAOYSA-N diferuloylmethane Natural products C1=C(O)C(OC)=CC(C=CC(=O)CC(=O)C=CC=2C=C(OC)C(O)=CC=2)=C1 VFLDPWHFBUODDF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- LGWXIBBJZQOXSO-UHFFFAOYSA-L disodium 5-acetamido-4-hydroxy-3-[(2-methylphenyl)diazenyl]naphthalene-2,7-disulfonate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].OC1=C2C(NC(=O)C)=CC(S([O-])(=O)=O)=CC2=CC(S([O-])(=O)=O)=C1N=NC1=CC=CC=C1C LGWXIBBJZQOXSO-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 10
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- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 9
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- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 claims description 9
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- MHXFWEJMQVIWDH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-amino-4-hydroxy-2-phenoxyanthracene-9,10-dione Chemical compound C1=C(O)C=2C(=O)C3=CC=CC=C3C(=O)C=2C(N)=C1OC1=CC=CC=C1 MHXFWEJMQVIWDH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- PLIKAWJENQZMHA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-aminophenol Chemical compound NC1=CC=C(O)C=C1 PLIKAWJENQZMHA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000004753 textile Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- GETQZCLCWQTVFV-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethylamine Chemical compound CN(C)C GETQZCLCWQTVFV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron oxide Inorganic materials [Fe]=O UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- NDLPOXTZKUMGOV-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoferriooxy)iron hydrate Chemical compound O.O=[Fe]O[Fe]=O NDLPOXTZKUMGOV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- QEMXHQIAXOOASZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetramethylammonium Chemical compound C[N+](C)(C)C QEMXHQIAXOOASZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000002023 wood Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000011787 zinc oxide Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O Ammonium Chemical compound [NH4+] QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 claims description 6
- 150000001413 amino acids Chemical class 0.000 claims description 6
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 6
- 125000003178 carboxy group Chemical group [H]OC(*)=O 0.000 claims description 6
- 150000002466 imines Chemical class 0.000 claims description 6
- ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N phenol group Chemical group C1(=CC=CC=C1)O ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 125000002924 primary amino group Chemical group [H]N([H])* 0.000 claims description 6
- UMJSCPRVCHMLSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyridine Natural products COC1=CC=CN=C1 UMJSCPRVCHMLSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- WRIDQFICGBMAFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N (E)-8-Octadecenoic acid Natural products CCCCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCC(O)=O WRIDQFICGBMAFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- XUDJOVURIXHNRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-amino-4-anilinoanthracene-9,10-dione Chemical compound C1=2C(=O)C3=CC=CC=C3C(=O)C=2C(N)=CC=C1NC1=CC=CC=C1 XUDJOVURIXHNRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- LQJBNNIYVWPHFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 20:1omega9c fatty acid Natural products CCCCCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCC(O)=O LQJBNNIYVWPHFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- DZNJMLVCIZGWSC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3',6'-bis(diethylamino)spiro[2-benzofuran-3,9'-xanthene]-1-one Chemical compound O1C(=O)C2=CC=CC=C2C21C1=CC=C(N(CC)CC)C=C1OC1=CC(N(CC)CC)=CC=C21 DZNJMLVCIZGWSC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- ZSPPPAFDNHYXNW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-[n-ethyl-4-[(4-nitrophenyl)diazenyl]anilino]propanenitrile Chemical compound C1=CC(N(CCC#N)CC)=CC=C1N=NC1=CC=C([N+]([O-])=O)C=C1 ZSPPPAFDNHYXNW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- XCKGFJPFEHHHQA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 5-methyl-2-phenyl-4-phenyldiazenyl-4h-pyrazol-3-one Chemical compound CC1=NN(C=2C=CC=CC=2)C(=O)C1N=NC1=CC=CC=C1 XCKGFJPFEHHHQA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- QSBYPNXLFMSGKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 9-Heptadecensaeure Natural products CCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCC(O)=O QSBYPNXLFMSGKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- AOMZHDJXSYHPKS-DROYEMJCSA-L Amido Black 10B Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]S(=O)(=O)C1=CC2=CC(S([O-])(=O)=O)=C(\N=N\C=3C=CC=CC=3)C(O)=C2C(N)=C1\N=N\C1=CC=C(N(=O)=O)C=C1 AOMZHDJXSYHPKS-DROYEMJCSA-L 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000005642 Oleic acid Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Oleic acid Natural products CCCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCC(O)=O ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- AHKDJQYHVWSRLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N anthragallol Chemical compound O=C1C2=CC=CC=C2C(=O)C2=C1C=C(O)C(O)=C2O AHKDJQYHVWSRLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- RKPHXALLZGIJBL-UHFFFAOYSA-K chromium(3+);hydron;3-oxido-4-[(2-oxidonaphthalen-1-yl)diazenyl]naphthalene-1-sulfonate Chemical compound [H+].[H+].[H+].[Cr+3].C1=CC=C2C(N=NC3=C4C=CC=CC4=CC=C3[O-])=C([O-])C=C(S([O-])(=O)=O)C2=C1.C1=CC=C2C(N=NC3=C4C=CC=CC4=CC=C3[O-])=C([O-])C=C(S([O-])(=O)=O)C2=C1 RKPHXALLZGIJBL-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims description 5
- TUXJTJITXCHUEL-UHFFFAOYSA-N disperse red 11 Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C(=O)C3=C(N)C(OC)=CC(N)=C3C(=O)C2=C1 TUXJTJITXCHUEL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- WTIFIAZWCCBCGE-UUOKFMHZSA-N guanosine 2'-monophosphate Chemical compound C1=2NC(N)=NC(=O)C=2N=CN1[C@@H]1O[C@H](CO)[C@@H](O)[C@H]1OP(O)(O)=O WTIFIAZWCCBCGE-UUOKFMHZSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
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- QXJSBBXBKPUZAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N isooleic acid Natural products CCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCCC(O)=O QXJSBBXBKPUZAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-KTKRTIGZSA-N oleic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCCCC(O)=O ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-KTKRTIGZSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 229920000620 organic polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 5
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- SWGJCIMEBVHMTA-UHFFFAOYSA-K trisodium;6-oxido-4-sulfo-5-[(4-sulfonatonaphthalen-1-yl)diazenyl]naphthalene-2-sulfonate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[Na+].C1=CC=C2C(N=NC3=C4C(=CC(=CC4=CC=C3O)S([O-])(=O)=O)S([O-])(=O)=O)=CC=C(S([O-])(=O)=O)C2=C1 SWGJCIMEBVHMTA-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims description 5
- CDAWCLOXVUBKRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-aminophenol Chemical compound NC1=CC=CC=C1O CDAWCLOXVUBKRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- ZCYVEMRRCGMTRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 7553-56-2 Chemical compound [I] ZCYVEMRRCGMTRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- WKBOTKDWSSQWDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Bromine atom Chemical compound [Br] WKBOTKDWSSQWDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
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- GDTBXPJZTBHREO-UHFFFAOYSA-N bromine Substances BrBr GDTBXPJZTBHREO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
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- 239000011737 fluorine Substances 0.000 claims description 4
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- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
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- ODZPKZBBUMBTMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium amide Chemical compound [NH2-].[Na+] ODZPKZBBUMBTMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
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- IHZXTIBMKNSJCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-{[(4-{[4-(dimethylamino)phenyl](4-{ethyl[(3-sulfophenyl)methyl]amino}phenyl)methylidene}cyclohexa-2,5-dien-1-ylidene)(ethyl)azaniumyl]methyl}benzene-1-sulfonate Chemical compound C=1C=C(C(=C2C=CC(C=C2)=[N+](C)C)C=2C=CC(=CC=2)N(CC)CC=2C=C(C=CC=2)S([O-])(=O)=O)C=CC=1N(CC)CC1=CC=CC(S(O)(=O)=O)=C1 IHZXTIBMKNSJCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 3
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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- C09B67/00—Influencing the physical, e.g. the dyeing or printing properties of dyestuffs without chemical reactions, e.g. by treating with solvents grinding or grinding assistants, coating of pigments or dyes; Process features in the making of dyestuff preparations; Dyestuff preparations of a special physical nature, e.g. tablets, films
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种对颗粒改性的方法,其包括具有X-[Y]n活性基团的活性化合物与二级化合物N-S-ZM反应,形成取代的活性中间体[Y]a-X-(N-S-ZM)b,并将颗粒与取代的活性中间体[Y]a-X-(N-S-ZM)b反应而将取代的活性中间体结合在颗粒表面上,形成表面改性颗粒。所述颗粒可以包括染料颗粒、无机颜料颗粒、添加剂、或其组合中的至少一种。X可以是磺酰基、磷酰基、或1,3,5-三嗪基。Y可以是卤素离去基团。N可以是亲核基团。S可以是有机基团。ZM可以是可电离端基。而且,n是1-3的整数,b是1-3的整数,以及a=n-b。当n等于或大于b,和其中如果b是2或3,那么每个N-S-ZM可以相同或不同。
Description
相关申请的交叉参考
本申请要求2009年4月7日提交的美国临时专利申请61/167,419,其全部内容在此援引加入。
技术领域
本发明涉及颗粒,更特别是染料颗粒(例如,溶剂染料、分散染料、非水溶性染料、微溶性染料、或其组合)、无机颜料颗粒、和添加剂(例如,可升华UV吸收剂或可升华荧光增白剂)的表面改性,以形成自分散颗粒。本发明还涉及自分散颗粒的终端用途,包括但不限于,涂料、金属涂料、油漆、纸张、粘合剂、乳胶、调色剂、织物、纤维、塑料(柔性薄膜和松散材料)、化妆品和油墨。油墨的具体实例包括,但不限于,用于纸张、织物、聚酯、纤维、塑料(柔性薄膜和松散材料)、金属、金属饰品及塑料、UV固化剂、木材染料、书写用具、毡笔、人造纤维上的升华印刷、涂布天然纤维、涂布材料、塑料、涂布硬质基材、和滤色器中的印刷油墨。终端用途的其它实例包括,但不限于,用于升华印刷、转印、直接印刷和喷墨印刷应用中的印刷油墨。
背景技术
包含染料颗粒、无机颜料颗粒和添加剂的水性分散体可以提供若干相对于水溶性染料的优势,当其涉及的终端用途包括,但不限于,油墨、涂料、油漆、纸张、粘合剂、乳胶、调色剂、织物、纤维、木材染料、滤色器、化妆品和塑料。例如,其可以显示出比水溶性染料更高的光密度和边缘敏锐度中的至少之一。另外,显示升华性质的染料颗粒和添加剂通常仅可以作为分散体印刷。不幸的是,这些颗粒在储存期间还有沉淀的趋势,因此限制了其在苛刻的用途中的应用,如喷墨油墨。基于染料颗粒的油墨的良好稳定性难以实现。
通过使用分散剂稳定(即,提供空间稳定化和/或静电稳定化)已经实现了染料颗粒在悬浮液中的稳定化,尽管工业上可用,但是得到的结果仅具有有限的储存期。用介质磨将颗粒研磨至亚微米级,并结合用于胶体稳定性的分散剂,已经推动染料分散体用于喷墨油墨配方中。然而,分散剂可增加分散体的粘度,从而使含有分散体的油墨难以从喷墨印刷喷头的小孔中喷出。而且,分散剂可显著增加制备上述所列材料的成本,因而在经济上是不利的。分散剂通常不染料的表面共价键合,因此稳定性可能受到损害。
因此,需要自分散颗粒,其可以克服至少一些典型地与目前的终端应用相关的问题,所述终端应用包括目前的染料颗粒体系(例如,目前的基于水溶性染料的体系和目前的使用分散剂的颗粒体系)。
发明内容
一方面,本发明提供一种对颗粒改性的方法。所述方法可包括将具有X-[Y]n活性基团的活性化合物与二级化合物N-S-ZM反应,形成取代的活性中间体[Y]a-X-(N-S-ZM)b,并将颗粒与取代的活性中间体[Y]a-X-(N-S-ZM)b反应而将取代的活性中间体结合到颗粒表面上,以形成表面改性颗粒。所述颗粒可以包括染料颗粒、无机颜料颗粒、添加剂或其组合中的至少一种。X可以是磺酰基、磷酰基、或1,3,5-三嗪基。Y可以是卤素离去基团。N可以是亲核基团。S可以是有机基团。ZM可以是可电离端基,以及n是1-3的整数,b是1-3的整数,以及a=n-b,其中n等于或大于b,和其中如果b是2或3,那么每个N-S-ZM可以相同或不同。
另一方面,本发明提供另一种对颗粒改性的方法。所述方法可包括将活性化合物基团结合在颗粒的表面上。所述颗粒可以包括染料颗粒、无机颜料颗粒、添加剂或其组合中的至少一种。而后,可以用具有可电离端基的有机底物置换活性基团。所述颗粒可选自分散蓝14、分散蓝19、分散蓝72、分散蓝334、分散蓝359、分散蓝360、分散橙25、分散黄54、分散黄64、分散红55、分散红60、Macrolex红H、分散棕27、溶剂蓝67、溶剂蓝70、溶剂红49、溶剂红146、溶剂红160、溶剂黄162、溶剂紫10、溶剂黑29、酸性黄204、酸性黄151、酸性橙60、酸性红182、酸性红357、酸性红359、酸性蓝193、酸性棕355、酸性紫90、酸性黑172、酸性黑194、酸性黑52、酸性黑60、氧化钛(IV)、氧化铁(III)、和氧化锌。
另一方面,本发明提供对颗粒改性的另一个方法。所述方法可包括将活性基团X-Y结合在颗粒表面上。所述颗粒可以包括染料颗粒、无机颜料颗粒、添加剂或其组合中的至少一种。而后,所述方法包括用有机底物N-S-ZM置换Y,形成结合了X-N-S-ZM的表面改性颗粒;其中X是磺酰基、磷酰基、或1,3,5-三嗪基;Y是氟、氯、溴、或碘;N是胺、亚胺、吡啶、或巯基;S是取代或未取代的烷基、芳基、或分子量为约300-约8000的聚合物链;Z是羧基、磺酰基、酚基、磷酰基、铵基团、三甲基铵基团、或三丁基铵基团;和M是卤素离子、负电荷离子、盐形式的质子、或盐形式的阳离子。
另一方面,本发明提供改性的表面,其可以包含染料颗粒、无机颜料颗粒、添加剂,或其组合,每克颗粒具有约0.1-约0.8mMole的活性氢。
另一方面,本发明提供表面改性颗粒,其可以包括染料颗粒、无机颜料颗粒、添加剂或其组合中的至少一种,每克颗粒中碱金属的总量相当于约0.1-约0.8mMole的活性氢。
另一方面,本发明提供改性颗粒,其可以包括染料颗粒、无机颜料颗粒、添加剂或其组合中的至少一种;而包含(N-S-ZM)的基团与其结合,其中N是亲核基团;S是有机基团;和ZM是可电离端基。
附图说明
图1显示了实施例3和10中的分散蓝359和改性分散蓝359样品的低分辨率X射线光电子能谱(XPS)光谱。
图2显示了实施例3和10中的分散蓝359和改性分散蓝359样品的高能分辨率C1s光谱。
图3显示显示了实施例3和10中的分散蓝359和改性分散蓝359样品的高能分辨率O1s光谱。
图4显示显示了实施例3和10中的分散蓝359和改性分散蓝359样品的高能分辨率Na1s光谱。
图5显示了实施例5中的分散黄54和改性分散黄54样品的低分辨率X射线光电子能谱(XPS)光谱。
图6显示了实施例5中的改性分散黄54样品的高能分辨率Na1s光谱。
图7显示了实施例7中的分散棕27和改性分散棕27样品的低分辨率X射线光电子能谱(XPS)光谱。
图8显示了实施例7中的分散棕27和改性分散棕27样品的高能分辨率Na1s光谱。
图9显示了实施例8中的分散蓝72和改性分散蓝72样品的低分辨率X射线光电子能谱(XPS)光谱。
图10显示了实施例8中的分散蓝72和改性分散蓝72样品的高能分辨率Na1s光谱。
图11显示了实施例16中的溶剂红146和改性溶剂红146样品的低分辨率X射线光电子能谱(XPS)光谱。
图12显示了实施例16中的溶剂红146和改性溶剂红146样品的高能分辨率Na1s光谱。
图12显示了实施例14中的溶剂蓝67和改性溶剂蓝67样品的低分辨率X射线光电子能谱(XPS)光谱。
图14显示了实施例14中的改性溶剂蓝67样品的高能分辨率Na1s光谱。
图15显示了实施例17和18中的三乙氧基辛基硅烷处理的二氧化钛、二氧化钛颜料、和改性样品的低分辨率X射线光电子能谱(XPS)光谱。
图16显示了实施例17和18中的改性三乙氧基辛基硅烷处理的二氧化钛和二氧化钛颜料的高能分辨率N1s光谱。
图17显示了实施例17和18中的改性三乙氧基辛基硅烷处理的二氧化钛和二氧化钛颜料的高能分辨率Na1s光谱。
图18显示了实施例17和18中的改性三乙氧基辛基硅烷处理的二氧化钛、二氧化钛颜料、和改性样品的高能分辨率Si2p光谱。
图19显示了实施例17和18中的改性三乙氧基辛基硅烷处理的二氧化钛、二氧化钛颜料、和改性样品的高能分辨率P2p光谱。
图20显示了实施例19中的黄色氧化铁颜料、和改性黄色氧化铁颜料的低分辨率X射线光电子能谱(XPS)光谱。
图21显示了实施例19中的改性黄色氧化铁颜料样品的高能分辨率Na1s光谱。
图22显示了用改性二氧化钛颜料分散体制备的水包油乳液(左上和左下)以及硅树脂包水乳液(右上和右下)的照片。
具体实施方式
在详细解释本发明的任何实施方案之前,要理解的是,本发明不限于其在随后的说明书中所述的组分的构造和排列的详细情况中的应用。本发明可以不同方式实施其他实施方案。而且,要理解的是,在此使用的词组和术语用于说明的目的,不应被认为是限制。“包括”、“包含”、或“具有”及其变体的应用在此表示包含其后所列的项目和其等价物,以及其它项目。
还要理解的是,在此提及的任何数量范围包括从下限值到上限值间的所有值。例如,如果陈述的浓度范围为1%-50%,则意欲表示诸如2%-40%、10%-30%、或1%-3%等的值被明确地列举在本申请中。这仅是意欲表示的实施例,在列举的最低值和最高值之间并包括其的数量值的所有可能组合都被认为是在本申请中所明确陈述的。
在一方面,本发明提供一种对颗粒改性的方法,其可包括将氰脲酰氯与约三当量的二级化合物或二级化合物的混合物反应,以置换全部活性氯,形成取代三嗪。所述取代三嗪可以与颗粒的表面反应,形成自分散颗粒。
另一方面,本发明可以提供一种对颗粒改性的方法,其可包括将具有X-[Y]n活性基团的活性化合物与二级化合物N-S-ZM反应,形成取代的活性中间体[Y]a-X-(N-S-ZM)b。所述方法还可包括将颗粒与取代的活性中间体[Y]a-X-(N-S-ZM)b反应而将取代的活性中间体结合在颗粒表面上,形成自分散颗粒。X代表1,3,5-三嗪基。Y可以是离去基团,如卤素,N可以是亲核基团,S可以是有机基团,以及ZM可以是可电离端基。而且,n可以是1-3的整数,b可以是1-3的整数,以及a=n-b。当n等于或大于b时,和如果b是2或3,那么每个N-S-ZM可以相同或不同。
另一方面,本发明可以提供一种对颗粒改性的方法,其可包括将活性基团X-Y结合在颗粒表面上。而后,用有机底物N-S-ZM取代Y,形成结合了X-S-ZM的自分散颗粒。X代表1,3,5-三嗪基。Y可以是离去基团,如氟、氯、溴、或碘。N可以是胺、亚胺、吡啶、或巯基;S可以是取代或未取代的烷基、芳基、或分子量为约300-约8000的聚合物链。Z可以是羧基、磺酰基、酚基、磷酰基、铵基团、三甲基铵基团、或三丁基铵基团。M是卤素离子、负电荷离子、盐形式的质子、或盐形式的阳离子。
另一方面,本发明可以提供一种对颗粒改性的方法,其可以包括用磨料研磨和分散颗粒,形成颗粒分散体。所述方法还可以包括将具有X-[Y]n活性基团的活性化合物与二级化合物N-S-ZM反应,形成取代的活性中间体[Y]a-X-(N-S-ZM)b。所述方法还可以包括将分散体与取代的活性中间体[Y]a-X-(N-S-ZM)b反应,以将取代的活性中间体结合在颗粒表面上,形成自分散颗粒。所述方法还可以包括提纯所述自分散颗粒以去除杂质,所述杂质包括磨料。X代表1,3,5-三嗪基。Y可以是离去基团,如卤素,N可以是亲核基团,S可以是有机基团,以及ZM可以是可电离端基。而且,n可以是1-3的整数,b可以是1-3的整数,以及a=n-b。当n等于或大于b,和如果b是2或3,那么每个N-S-ZM可以相同或不同。
另一方面,本发明可提供一种对颗粒改性的方法,其可以包括将氰脲酰氯与约三当量的二级化合物或二级化合物的混合物反应,以置换全部活性氯,形成取代三嗪。所述取代三嗪可以与颗粒分散体(D)(R)反应,形成自分散颗粒,所述颗粒分散体(D)(R)可以包括颗粒(D)、分散剂或聚合物(R)、和水。所述方法还可以包括向颗粒分散体中添加其它聚合物。所述其它聚合物可以与(R)相同或不同。自分散颗粒可以结合取代三嗪、(R)、和其它聚合物的至少其一。颗粒分散体(D)(R)可以任选地由研磨和分散颗粒形成。所述方法还可以包括提纯自分散颗粒以去除杂质,所述杂质包括未结合的分散剂和/或聚合物。每个二级化合物可以是相同或不同的。基团R可以是已存在于原料颗粒分散体中的低聚物、聚合物、聚合树脂、分散剂或粘合剂;添加到原料颗粒中的低聚物、聚合物、聚合树脂、分散剂或粘合剂;添加到原料颗粒分散体中的其它低聚物、聚合物、聚合树脂、分散剂或粘合剂;或其组合。
在一个实施方案中,本发明提供一种对颗粒改性的方法。所述方法可包括通过活性分子的中间性将带电端基(负或正)结合在有机基团上,产生表面稳定的改性颗粒。不希望受理论限制,认为通过共价结合在亚微米颗粒上的类似带电基团的平均分布产生的排斥力来实现稳定化,所述电荷基团被。
在另一个实施方案中,本发明提供一种分散体,其包括自分散颗粒,所述自分散颗粒通过颗粒与结合在上述适合的有机分子上的活性中间体反应形成。选择在水性环境中稳定的活性中间体是本发明的另一方面。
在另一个实施方案中,本发明提供一种对颗粒改性的方法,其包括将活性基团结合在颗粒表面上,而后用具有可电离端基的有机底物置换活性基团。
在另一个实施方案中,本发明提供一种分散体,其包括自分散颗粒和水,所述自分散颗粒中每克颗粒包含约0.1-约10mMole硫和约0.1-约10mMole活性氢。
在另一方面,本发明提供低聚物、聚合物、聚合树脂、分散剂或粘合剂与颗粒或自分散颗粒的结合,这增强了至少一种耐久性,如摩擦牢度(耐水色牢度)、和耐摩擦性、以及颜色深度。这些性能与在此讨论的特定应用,如数码印刷有关。快的印刷速度和小的喷墨体积(2-5皮升)还表示低粘度油墨配方,特别对于热喷墨。结合低聚物、聚合物、聚合树脂、分散剂或粘合剂降低了需要的量。另外,聚合物与颗粒一起,因而,提供了具有相当结果的低粘度配方。
制造自分散颗粒的方法
本发明的一方面涉及制造稳定的自分散颗粒的方法。
在此所用的术语“颗粒”指非水溶性组分。所述颗粒可以包括染料颗粒、无机颜料颗粒、添加剂或其组合的至少一种。
在此所用的术语“染料颗粒”包括溶剂染料、分散染料、非水溶性染料、微溶性染料或其组合的至少一种。染料颗粒可以用于赋予基材颜色。基材的实例包括,但不限于,普通纸或涂布纸、薄膜和其它接受介质如织物(例如纺织物、无纺织物、针织织物等)。染料颗粒可以是精细分散体的形式。
在此所用的术语“无机颜料颗粒”包括无机着色剂,用于为基材如普通纸或涂布纸、薄膜和其它类型的接受介质赋予颜色。无机颜料颗粒还可赋予化妆品配方以颜色。无机颜料颗粒可以是白色、黑色以及其它颜色。
在此使用的术语“添加剂”包括非染料分子或颗粒,或非颜料分子或颗粒,其可以为终端产品改善或提供特定性能。添加剂的实例包括,但不限于,非染料分子如可升华UV吸收剂或可升华荧光增白剂。添加剂可以是无色的。
在此所用的术语“自分散”颗粒表示具有稳定基团的颗粒,所述稳定基团共价结合在颗粒表面上,使得颗粒在不存在任何其它分散剂下形成稳定的水性分散体。
在此所用的术语“稳定”表示经过老化,分散体仅发生最小的变化,表现为当在室温下储存至少约三个月至六个月至两年时,测量的关键性能(如平均粒径、粘度、表面张力和pH的至少之一)的变化小于10%。加速试验方法包括在约60℃下至少约一周的热稳定性测试,或在约60℃下至少约四周的热稳定性测试。所述自分散颗粒显示在人造纤维(实例:聚酯)上升华不会变色。
在一些实施方案中,“结合”可以是直接或非直接的。
在第一实施方案中,制造自分散颗粒的方法通常包括(1)将颗粒(D)与具有X-Y活性基团的活性化合物和含卤素试剂反应,以将活性基团X-Y结合在颗粒(D)的表面上,从而形成颗粒活性中间体(D)X-Y;和(2)将颗粒活性中间体(D)X-Y与二级化合物N-S-ZM反应,形成自分散颗粒(D)-X-S-ZM(“取代步骤”)。该实施方案的一个实例可以包括,但不限于,对颗粒改性的方法,其可以包括将活性基团X-Y结合在颗粒表面上;随后用有机底物N-S-ZM置换Y,形成结合了X-S-ZM的自分散颗粒。
在第二实施方案中,制造自分散颗粒(D)-X-S-ZM的方法可包括(1)将具有X-Y活性基团的活性化合物与二级化合物N-S-ZM反应,形成取代的活性中间体X-S-ZM(“取代步骤”);和(2)使用二级取代反应(secondarydisplacement reaction)将颗粒(D)与取代的活性中间体X-S-ZM反应,以将取代的活性中间体X-S-ZM结合在颗粒表面上,形成自分散颗粒(D)-X-S-ZM。该实施方案的一个实例可以包括,但不限于,对颗粒改性的方法,其可以包括将具有X-[Y]n活性基团的活性化合物与二级化合物N-S-ZM反应,形成取代的活性中间体[Y]a-X-(S-ZM)b;和将颗粒与取代的活性中间体[Y]a-X-(S-ZM)b反应,以将取代的活性中间体结合在颗粒表面上,形成自分散颗粒;其中n是1-3的整数;b是1-3的整数;以及a=n-b;其中n等于或大于b,和其中如果b是2或3,那么每个N-S-ZM可以相同或不同。在一个实施方案中,如果b是2或3,那么每个N-S-ZM可以不同。
在第三实施方案中,制造自分散颗粒(D)-X-S-ZM的方法可包括(1)将具有X-Y活性基团的活性化合物与二级化合物N-S-ZM反应,形成第一取代的活性中间体X-S-ZM(“取代步骤”);(2)将具有X-Y活性基团的活性化合物与不同于步骤(1)的二级化合物N2-S2-Z2M2反应,形成第二取代的活性中间体X-S2-Z2M2(“取代步骤”);(3)将颗粒(D)与取代的活性中间体X-S-ZM和X-S2-Z2M2反应,以结合取代的活性中间体,形成自分散颗粒Z2M2-S2-X-(D)-X-S-ZM。任选的是,S-ZM和S2-Z2M2可以相同,以及全部活性基团都被取代。颗粒表面的最终结合可以是自由基辅助歧化反应。
在第四实施方案中,制造自分散颗粒(D)-X-S-ZM的方法可包括(1)用磨料研磨和分散颗粒,形成水性颗粒分散体;(2)将具有X-Y活性基团的活性化合物与二级化合物N-S-ZM反应,形成第一取代的活性中间体X-S-ZM(“取代步骤”);(3)将具有X-Y活性基团的活性化合物与不同于步骤(2)的二级化合物N2-S2-Z2M2反应,形成第二取代的活性中间体X-S2-Z2M2(“取代步骤”);(4)将用磨料预研磨的颗粒(D)与取代的活性中间体X-S-ZM和X-S2-Z2M2反应,用自由基引发反应将取代的活性中间体X-S-ZM和X-S2-Z2M2结合在颗粒表面上,形成自分散颗粒Z2M2-S2-X-(D)(R)-X-S-ZM;和(5)提纯自分散颗粒,以去除杂质,包括磨料。S-ZM和S2-Z2M2可以任选相同。
在第五实施方案中,制造自分散颗粒(D)(R)-X-S-ZM的方法可以包括(1)任选研磨和分散颗粒,形成水性颗粒分散体(D)(R),该水性颗粒分散体(D)(R)包含颗粒(D)、分散剂或聚合物(R)和水;(2)将氰脲酰氯与约三当量的二级化合物SZM或二级化合物(SZM、S2Z2M2和S3Z3M3)的混合物反应,以置换所有活性氯,形成取代三嗪;(3)将取代三嗪与水性颗粒分散体(D)(R)反应,形成自分散颗粒(D)(R)-X-S-ZM、-X-S2-Z2M2、-X-S3-Z3M3,其中X-S-ZM、-X-S2-Z2M2、-X-S3-Z3M3之一或多个与(D)(R)结合;和(4)提纯自分散颗粒,以去除杂质,包括未结合的分散剂。S-ZM、S2-Z2M2、S3-Z3M3可以任选相同或不同。在一个实施方案中,X可以是三嗪基团。
在第六实施方案中,用聚合物添加剂稳定的颗粒分散体可以代替固体颗粒用于制造自分散颗粒(D)(R)-X-S-ZM。
在取代步骤期间,X-Y活性基团中的至少一个离去基团Y被二级化合物N-S-ZM取代。在一个实例中,但无限制性,在取代步骤期间,氰脲酰氯的至少一个氯被二级化合物N-S-ZM取代。N是亲核基团,包括,但不限于,胺、亚胺、吡啶、或巯基。S可以包括,但不限于,有机基团如取代或未取代的烷基、芳基和具有约1至超过100个碳的或分子量为约300-约8000的聚合物链,以及在用负电荷稳定的情况下,ZM是酸性尾部基团,其中Z可以是,但不限于,羧基、磺酰基、酚基、和膦酰基,而M可以是质子或阳离子,如果其以盐的形式存在的话。
取代反应可以赋予颗粒表面以电荷和体积。取代步骤可以在水性介质中发生。酸性尾部上的官能团的选择由终端应用确定,而碱性头部的官能基团必须具有足够的亲核性,以置换离去基团Y。在一个实例中,但无限制性,碱性头部的官能团必须具有足够的亲核性,以置换氰脲酰氯中的氯。二级化合物可以包括聚合物、胺、氨基酸、醇、硫醇、及其组合。二级化合物(N-S-ZM和N2-S2-Z2M2、N3-S3-Z3M3)的实例包括,但不限于,氨基苯甲酸、氨基苯磺酸、氨基苯酚、氨基磺酸、聚乙氧基氨基酸、磺胺酸钠、磺胺酸、对氨基苯甲酸钠、对氨基苯酚、4-氨基苯甲酸乙酯、牛磺酸、油酸(氨基)、氨基油酸钠、4-氨基苯甲酸四甲基铵、和4-氨基苯酚钠。其它二级化合物包括有机聚合基材。有机聚合基材的实例包括,但不限于,SMA(苯乙烯-马来酸酐树脂共聚物)、苯乙烯-马来酸酐共聚物枯烯封端树脂、PEI、PEHA、SA(苯乙烯-丙烯酸)、五亚乙基六胺、具有300-3000MW的已知分子量范围的直链烷基和支化乙氧基及丙氧基链聚合物,购自Huntsman Chemicals,商品名为“Surfonamines”,线型聚乙氧基聚胺、线型丙氧基聚胺、苯乙烯丙烯酸共聚物,购自BASF,商品名为“Joncryls”,和聚乙烯亚胺,商品名为“Epomines”。
在用正电荷稳定的情况下,ZM可以是正电荷季铵型尾部基团,其中Z可以是,但不限于,铵、三甲基铵和三丁基铵,而M可以是卤素离子或任何负电荷离子。二级化合物N-S-ZM、N2-S2-Z2M2、和N3-S3-Z3M3的实例包括,但不限于,简单的二氨基芳香化合物或阳离子聚合物,包括聚乙烯亚胺、聚胍、季铵化合物等。
对于第一和第二实施方案,最终的自分散颗粒可以由式(D)-X-S-ZM表示。在一些情况中,可以有多个-S-ZM结合在包含不同的二级化合物的颗粒上。对于第三实施方案,最终的自分散颗粒可以由式Z2M2-S2-X-(D)-X-S-ZM表示。对于第四实施方案,最终的自分散颗粒可以由式Z2M2-S2-X-(D)(R)-X-S-ZM表示。对于第五实施方案,最终的自分散颗粒可以由式(D)(R)-X-S-ZM、-X-S2-Z2M2、-X-S3-Z3M3表示,其中-X-S-ZM、-X-S2-Z2M2、-X-S3-Z3M3之一或多个结合在(D)(R)上。对于第六实施方案,最终的自分散颗粒可以由式(D)(R)-X-S-ZM表示。最后,使用“2”或“3”修饰N、Z、M和S表示N、Z、M和S与MN2、Z2、M2和S2以及N3、Z3、M3和S3彼此可以相同或不同。N2、Z2、M2和S2以及N3、Z3、M3和S3可以选自与上述所列关于N、Z、M和S的相同选择。
R可以是低聚物、聚合物、聚合树脂、分散剂或粘合剂。在一个实施方案中,分散剂可以是具有官能团的聚合物,所述官能团可以被活化而形成自由基,并结合在颗粒表面上。R可以是已经存在于原料颗粒分散体中的低聚物、聚合物、聚合树脂、分散剂或粘合剂;添加至原料颗粒中的低聚物、聚合物、聚合树脂、分散剂或粘合剂;添加到原料颗粒分散体中的其它低聚物、聚合物、聚合树脂、分散剂或粘合剂;或其组合。聚合物的具体实例包括,但不限于,SMA(苯乙烯-马来酸酐树脂共聚物)、苯乙烯-马来酸酐共聚物枯烯封端树脂、PEI、PEHA、SA(苯乙烯-丙烯酸)、五亚乙基六胺,购自Huntsman Chemicals,商标名为“Surfonamines”的已知分子量范围为300-3000MW的直链烷基和支化乙氧基以及丙氧基链聚合物,线型聚乙氧基聚胺,线型丙氧基聚胺,购自BASF,商品名为“Joncryls”的苯乙烯丙烯酸共聚物,商品名为“Epomines”的聚乙烯亚胺,和PU树脂如由Alberdingk,Bayer(Impranil),Huntsman Specialty(Dicrylan)制造的那些。低聚物的具体实例包括聚氨酯丙烯酸酯、聚酯丙烯酸酯、和PEG丙烯酸酯(来自Cytec,Sartomer,Rahn)。
为了有助于说明本发明,以下提供第二实施方案的特定实例,其中D代表颗粒。
为了有助于说明本发明,以下提供第三实施方案的特定实例,其中D代表颗粒。
为了有助于说明本发明,以下提供第五实施方案的特定实例,其中D代表颗粒,R代表聚合物、聚合树脂或分散剂。
R=聚合树脂
更通常而言,自分散颗粒可以通过研磨原料颗粒或湿滤饼成细粒(通常小于约200nm),随后结合小的有机分子作为稳定基团而形成。表面改性化学,包括在此所述的那些,还可以用在原料颗粒分散体上,所述原料颗粒分散体包含原料颗粒、分散剂、和水。如本领域内已知的,可以用一种或多种分散剂和添加剂分散原料颗粒,以形成原料颗粒分散体。原料颗粒分散体,而不是原料颗粒(例如粉末形式),可以用在这里所述的表面改性技术中,以及其它本领域内已知的表面改性技术中。另外,原料颗粒分散体和原料颗粒可以一起用于这里所述的表面改性技术中。原料颗粒、原料颗粒分散体、自分散颗粒、和源自原料颗粒分散体的自分散颗粒的任意组合,可以用于这里所述的表面改性技术中。
在使用任何在先表面改性化学对原料颗粒分散体进行改性中,原料颗粒分散体中的分散剂,以及上述化合物,在表面改性期间,可以结合在原料颗粒的表面上。这样,可以同时将能够形成自由基和取代的活性中间体(例如X-S-ZM)的分散剂结合在颗粒表面上。这可以形成稳定的颗粒分散体。在表面改性过程中,任何残留的未结合在颗粒表面上的分散剂,即,任何仅被颗粒吸附而未结合的分散剂,可以通过提纯方法而去除。
在一个实施方案中,商业颗粒分散体可以被改性而无需任何研磨。如果期望较小的颗粒,那么可以在结合之前或结合过程中的任何时间点研磨分散体。例如,可以使用Buhler微介质磨机。在另一个实施方案中,可以将分散剂添加到原料颗粒中,而后可在结合之前或结合过程中的任何时间点研磨颗粒和分散剂。在另一个实施方案中,可以将分散剂添加到原料颗粒中,而后可以研磨颗粒和分散剂,或者可以研磨原料颗粒分散体,可在研磨之前或研磨过程中的任何时间点添加其它聚合物或取代的活性中间体。也可以将磨料与原料颗粒和分散剂一起研磨。可以控制添加的分散剂的量,以影响结合在颗粒表面上的分散剂的最终量。在化学处理之前可以使用普通研磨腔和部件进行研磨,同时防止在结合期间的再聚集。
用该方法改性的颗粒可以具有比传统分散颗粒更低的粘度和更高的表面张力。
在一些实施方案中,但不是所有实施方案中,这些方法、改性颗粒、或包含改性颗粒的分散体可以不包括元素金属和合金金属、聚合物(例如聚氨酯)、粘土、溶胶凝胶、塑性颗粒、或乳胶漆。
以下将更详细地讨论本发明的实施例。通常,制造自分散颗粒的方法从选择颗粒来源开始。
颗粒
可以依据本发明对表面改性的染料颗粒包括依据染料索引被认为是分散染料和溶剂染料的所有染料。可以依据本发明对表面改性的染料颗粒可包括,但不限于,分散蓝14、分散蓝19、分散蓝72、分散蓝334、分散蓝359、分散蓝360、分散橙25、分散黄54、分散黄64、分散红55、分散红60、Macrolex红H、分散棕27、溶剂蓝67、溶剂蓝70、溶剂红49、溶剂红146、溶剂红160、溶剂黄162、溶剂紫10、溶剂黑29、酸性黄204、酸性黄151、酸性橙60、酸性红182、酸性红357、酸性红359、酸性蓝193、酸性棕355、酸性紫90、酸性黑172、酸性黑194、酸性黑52、和酸性黑60。其它适合的材料为商标名为Macrolex(购自Lanxess)和Elbasol的那些。
可以用于本发明的市售水性染料颗粒分散体(D)(R)的实例包括,但不限于,Bafixan(BASF)、Foron(Clariant)、Transcorona(Huber)、和Papicel(Eastwell)。购自Sensient Imaging Technologies-Specialty Inks and Colors(瑞士)的染料颗粒分散体的实例包括,但不限于,Teraprint、Subli、和Elvajet产品。
所用的染料颗粒的质量可以影响分散体的关键性能,如平均粒径、不透明性、色调、稳定性等。然而,在本发明的一个实施方案中,可以在本发明的表面改性技术中使用较低质量的染料颗粒,并得到质量优良的终产品。在本发明的提纯自分散染料颗粒的过程中,可以去除原料染料颗粒或原料染料颗粒分散体中的杂质。
湿滤饼中的染料粉末和染料可以具有各种粒径。通常,较小的粒径与较大的表面积相联系,而较大的表面积可以容纳更高浓度的亲水表面基团,最终增强染料在水基介质中的分散能力。因此,粒径可以影响自分散染料颗粒的分散能力。例如,干燥粉末中典型分散染料的平均初级粒径为约0.1-100微米,特别是约1-20微米。或者在表面改性之前或者期间,可以用本领域内的技术人员已知的许多技术将大尺寸的染料颗粒粉碎成期望的尺寸。所述技术可以包括,但不限于,球磨、磨碎机、射流搅拌器、旋转磨(impeller mill)、胶体磨和砂磨机(例如,市售商品名为“Super Mill”、“Agitator Mill”、“Dyno-mill”或“Beads Mill”)。磨机介质可包括,但不限于,玻璃珠、氧化锆珠和不锈钢珠。磨机介质可包含的颗粒粒径为约0.01mm-约5mm,特别是约0.1mm-约3mm。
可以依据本发明进行表面改性的无机颜料颗粒可包括,但不限于,金属氧化物、金属硼酸盐、金属硫酸盐、金属硫化物、金属铬酸盐、金属碳酸盐、金属硒化物、及其组合。在一些实施方案中,适合的无机颜料可以包括,例如,氧化钛(IV)、氧化铁(III)、氧化锌、或其组合。
其它可以依据本发明进行表面改性的无机颜料可以包括,但不限于,FDA认可的颜料。其可以适用于化妆品应用中。可用于化妆品中的可接受无机颜料可以在21 C.F.R.§§70-82中找到,其在此并入作为参考。
颗粒可以具有各种粒径。通常,较小的粒径与较大的表面积相联系,而较大的表面积可以容纳更高浓度的亲水表面基团,最终增强颜料在水基介质中的分散性。因此,粒径可以影响表面改性颗粒的分散性。例如,本发明中颗粒的平均初级粒径可以小于约50nm,特别是小于约30nm,特别是小于约20nm,和更特别是小于约10nm。颗粒的聚集体可以小于约200nm,特别是小于约150nm,和更特别是小于约100nm。颗粒的表面积可以大于约100m2/g,特别是大于约150m2/g,和更特别是大于约200m2/g。在表面改性之前或者期间可以用本领域内的技术人员已知的许多技术将大尺寸的染料颗粒粉碎成期望的尺寸。所述技术可以包括,但不限于,球磨、磨碎机、射流搅拌器、旋转磨、胶体磨和砂磨机(例如,市售商标名为“Super Mill”、“Agitator Mill”、“Dyno-mill”或“Beads Mill”)。磨机介质可包括,但不限于,玻璃珠、氧化锆珠、塑料珠和不锈钢珠。磨机介质可包含的颗粒粒径为约0.01mm-约5mm,适当地为约0.1mm-约3mm。如果颜料容易粉碎,那么可以使用旋转均质机或超声均质机减小粒径。
在一些情况中,在产生自分散颗粒之前,颗粒可以被润湿并研磨成纳米级颗粒,并用磨料和/或聚合树脂分散。在用磨料研磨之前,颗粒可以是粉末或湿饼形式。研磨可以发生在与取代的活性中间体或其它聚合物反应之前、之中或之后。在完成结合反应之后,未结合的磨料/树脂可以用本领域内的技术人员已知的提纯方法去除,形成主要含有具有结合的基材和水的改性颜料的分散体。磨料的实例包括,但不限于,Triton X-100(购自Ashland Inc.,Dublin,OH)、Igepal CA-630(购自Rhodia,Cranbury,NJ)、Surfynol CT 121、131、141、和231(购自Air Products,Allentown,PA)、和Lemantex Binder(购自Sensient Imaging Technologies S.A.,Switzerland)。
在这些情况中,自由基引发剂如过硫酸盐结构,被用于歧化和促进结合过程。在一些实施方案中,反应可以在约25℃-约90℃的温度下实施。在颜料与取代三嗪反应之前、期间或之后,可以将颗粒研磨至小于约100nm。如果需要,可以添加消泡剂以控制发泡。如果需要,可以用染料溶液和/或表面活性剂润湿颗粒。
添加剂的实例包括,但不限于,可升华UV吸收剂如2-[2-羟基-5-甲基-3-(叔丁基)苯基]-5-氯-2H-苯并三唑、可升华荧光增白剂如苯并噁唑衍生物、Hostalux KCB(Clariant)、及其组合。
在一些情况中,在产生自分散颗粒之前,颗粒可以被润湿并研磨成纳米级颗粒,并用磨料和/或聚合树脂分散。在用磨料和/或聚合树脂研磨之前,颗粒可以是粉末或湿饼形式。研磨可以发生在与取代的活性中间体或其它聚合物反应之前、期间的任何时间点、或之后。在完成结合反应之后,未结合的磨料/树脂可以用本领域内的技术人员已知的提纯方法去除,形成主要含有具有结合的基材和水的自分散颗粒的分散体。磨料的实例包括,但不限于,Triton X-100(购自Ashland Inc.,Dublin,OH)、IgepalCA-630(购自Rhodia,Cranbury,NJ)、Surfynol 104、CT 121、131、141和231(购自Air Products,Allentown,PA)、Efka(购自CIBA Specialtychemicals,Switzerland)、Simulsol(购自Seppic,France)、各种阴离子磨料,如,但不限于,产自Mead Westvaco,Borregaard的木质素磺酸盐和产自Nufarm,Rohm & Haas的萘酸-甲醛缩合物的磺酸盐。
在第二实施方案的一个实例中,用包含有机基团的二级化合物取代包含氰脲酰基团的活性化合物。而后用氰脲酰氯将取代的活性中间体-X-S-ZM结合在颗粒上。pH、反应温度、和持续时间的组合决定了有多少基团结合在颗粒表面上。在一个实施方案中,用15克4-氨基苯甲酸和29.6克每30克颗粒进行反应。
在一些实施方案中,生产包含有机基团的二级化合物、氰脲酰氯、水、冰和碱的浆状物。可根据颗粒期望的终端应用来选择包含有机基团的二级化合物。
在第三实施方案的一个实例中,用包含两个相同或不同的有机基团的二级化合物取代包含氰脲酰基团的活性化合物。而后用氰脲酰氯将两个取代的活性中间体X-S-ZM和X-S2-Z2M2结合在颗粒上。pH、反应温度、和持续时间的组合决定了有多少基团结合在颗粒表面上。该方法可通过首先与包含有机基团的二级化合物、氰脲酰氯、水、冰、和碱的浆状物反应而顺序进行。用不同的包含有机基团的二级化合物、氰脲酰氯、水、冰和碱的第二浆状物完成这个顺序。
氰脲酰氯对二级化合物的比例通常通过化学计量学确定,控制浓度以得到良好的混合。氰脲酰氯和二级化合物之间的反应可在搅拌下进行约2小时-约4小时。
在第三实施方案的一个实例中,在与颗粒反应之前,通过控制化学计量(三当量以置换全部三个氯)和温度(约90℃的较高温度),用二级化合物或二级化合物的混合物置换氰脲酰氯中的所有活性氯。该反应形成取代三嗪,其促进颗粒的表面改性。二级化合物的混合物可以包括一种、两种、或三种不同的二级化合物。在这种情况中,自由基引发剂如过硫酸盐结构,被用于歧化和促进结合过程。
在本发明的一些实施方案中,自由基引发剂如过硫酸盐结构被用于歧化和促进结合过程。在一些实施方案中,反应可以在约25℃-约90℃,特别是约40℃-约60℃的温度下进行。在颗粒与取代三嗪反应之前、期间、或之后,可以将颗粒研磨至小于约100nm。颗粒可以研磨约2-约20小时,特别是约4-约15小时,更特别是约7-约11小时。如果需要,可以添加消泡剂以控制发泡。
颗粒与活性化合物或包括酸衍生物的二级基团的反应可以产生酸性表面基团,其可以降低反应混合物的pH。pH的降低可导致自分散颗粒分散体或活性化合物与二级化合物的浆状物在取代期间的不稳定,并可导致粘度的上升。因此,如果需要,可以在用碱性试剂取代之前和期间,对pH进行调节。在取代期间的反应混合物的pH可以大于或等于约7,特别是大于或等于约8,和更特别是大于或等于约9。可以通过本领域已知的任何方法对pH进行调节,例如,添加碱。适合的碱可以包括,但不限于,碱金属氢氧化物和无钙碱金属氢氧化物(例如NaOH、KOH、LiOH、NH4OH)、碱金属碳酸盐和碳酸氢盐(例如NaHCO3、KHCO3)、和有机碱(例如二甲基乙醇胺和三乙醇胺)。特别是,适合的pH调节剂包括无钙氢氧化钠。
自分散颗粒
当完成上述反应后,自分散颗粒可以与反应混合物分离成为干燥粉末。得到的自分散颗粒可以用许多本领域技术人员已知的技术提纯,以去除未反应的原料、副产物盐和其它反应杂质。提纯技术可以包括,但不限于,过滤、离心、或这两者的组合。还可以例如通过蒸发分离自分散颗粒,或者可以通过用本领域技术人员已知的技术过滤和干燥来回收自分散颗粒。
或者,可以浓缩水性颗粒分散体的形式提供自分散颗粒。本发明的自分散颗粒的分散体可以被提纯,以去除有机和无机杂质和其它可能由于制造方法而在分散体中共存的不期望的游离物质。提纯技术可以包括,但不限于,水洗、反渗透、和超滤。在一些实施方案中,可以通过超滤去除溶解的杂质,直到调节到10%固含量的进料样品的氯化物和硫酸盐含量小于约150ppm,特别是小于约100ppm,和更特别是小于约25ppm。如果必要,在提纯之前,可以调节分散体的pH。可以添加足够量的酸或碱调节分散体的pH至至少约7,特别是至少约8,和更特别是至少约9。这包括分散体的pH为约7-约9的实施方案。如果期望,可以通过去除一些水来浓缩分散体。在一些实施方案中,分散体被浓缩至至少约8%固含量,在其它实施方案中,至少约14%固含量,和在其它实施方案中至少约20%固含量。这包括将分散体浓缩到约8%-约16%固含量的实施方案。在其它实施方案中,将分散体浓缩至至少约10%固含量,在其它实施方案中至少约18%固含量,和在其它实施方案中至少约20%固含量。这包括将分散体浓缩到约8%-约14%固含量的实施方案。
还可以将生物杀灭剂添加至分散体中,以抑制微生物的生长。适合的生物杀灭剂的实例包括,但不限于,苯甲酸钠、五氯苯酚钠、2-巯基吡啶-1-氧化物钠盐、山梨酸钠、脱氢乙酸钠、苯并异噻唑啉酮、1,2-二苯并噻唑啉-3-酮、甲基异噻唑啉酮、氯甲基异噻唑啉酮、和1-(3-氯烯丙基)-3,5,7-三氮杂-1-氮鎓氯化金刚烷(CTAC)。市售生物杀灭剂包括ProxelCRL、ProxelBDN、ProxelGXL、ProxelXL-2、和ProxelTN(购自ArchChemicals,Smyrna,GA),Nipacide TBX(购自Clariant,Charlotte,NC)和XBINX(购自PMC Specialties Group,Inc.,Cincinnati,Ohio)。典型地,在分散体中使用少量生物杀灭剂,如0.05-5wt%,特别是0.1-1wt%,和更特别是0.2-0.4wt%。这包括0.3wt%的生物杀灭剂。
还可以添加赋予分散体流动性和稳定性的试剂。可以在1991年10月22日授权的美国专利5,059,248、1997年1月7日授权的美国专利5,591,455和1997年1月21日授权的美国专利5,595,592中发现所述试剂的实例,上述专利在此并入作为参考。实例包括,但不限于,直链脂烃基取代甘氨酸化合物及其盐。在此使用的术语“直链脂烃基取代甘氨酸”指其中甘氨酸的氨基被直链脂烃基取代的甘氨酸化合物。可以用于本发明的这类试剂的实例为乙二胺四乙酸、次氨基三乙酸、二亚乙基三胺五乙酸、羟基乙二胺三乙酸、二羟乙基甘氨酸、亚氨基二乙酸和N-(羧甲基)-N-(2-羟乙基)甘氨酸,以及其碱金属(例如钠)、碱土金属(例如钙)和铵盐。还可以使用本领域技术人员已知的其它类似的直链脂烃基取代甘氨酸化合物及其盐。在一些实施方案中,由于其可用性、成本效率和无毒性,可以使用上述乙二胺四乙酸的盐。在一些实施方案中,在分散体组合物中这些试剂可以构成约0.5-3.5wt%,优选约1.5-2.5wt%的颗粒。
对于分散体的指定终端应用,如果需要,可以通过过滤筒过滤分散体。在一些实施方案中,过滤筒的标称孔径小于或等于约5微米,特别是小于或等于约1微米,特别是小于或等于约0.5微米,和更特别是小于或等于约0.2微米。
除了粉末和分散体外,自分散颗粒还可以分离为湿滤饼。滤饼形式的自分散颗粒不聚集到干燥形式的程度,因此当例如在油墨的制备中使用时,自分散颗粒不需要同样的解聚集。
如果期望,可以用适合的碱或盐形式对由于结合/取代过程而与表面改性基团相关的平衡电荷的抗衡离子进行至少部分取代或改变,或用已知的离子交换技术,用其它适合的阳离子替换,所述离子交换技术例如超滤、反渗透、转化成酸形式作为中间体等。抗衡离子的实例包括,但不限于,碱土金属离子、碱金属离子(例如Na+、K+和Li+)、NR1R2R3H+、及其组合,其中R1、R2和R3可以独立地为H或取代或未取代的C1-C5烷基(例如四乙铵离子(TEA)、四甲铵离子(TMA)、单乙醇铵离子、三乙醇铵离子、四丁铵离子等)。
自分散颗粒的性能
自分散颗粒可以显示出长期稳定性和高温稳定性的至少之一,并且粒径分布适用于高速喷射应用。相比于更传统的系统,含有自分散颗粒的分散体可以更耐用和更稳定。这在产品可靠性(例如,对于压电式印刷头和热印刷头)、原材料纯度较小的影响、改善的储存稳定性、运输热条件稳定性、物流稳定性(假设制造更大批量的可能性)、和成本管理的至少一个方面上提供优势。当通过共价键合对表面进行改性时,其可以表现为类似自分散颜料。一个显著的差别是即使在这种改性之后,一些所述染料的升华能力,这在升华印刷市场上有巨大的应用。表面改性可以在水性环境中进行,使产品和方法都是环境友好的。
自分散颗粒可以具有以下性质。自分散颗粒中的固含量百分数为约5%-约30%,特别是约7%-约20%。
自分散颗粒分散体的pH可以为约6-约10,特别是约7-9。
自分散颗粒分散体的粘度可以为约2-约30cps,特别是约3-约20cps。
自分散颗粒分散体的表面张力可以为约35-约70dynes/cm。
自分散颗粒的应用
依据本发明的自分散颗粒可以用于许多终端应用。所述应用包括,但不限于,涂料、金属涂料、油漆、纸张、粘合剂、乳胶、调色剂、织物、纤维、塑料(柔性薄膜和松散材料)、油墨、和喷墨油墨。依据本发明的自分散颗粒还可以用于化妆品应用中,如,但不限于,睫毛膏、眼线、水包油和硅树脂包水分散体、水性指甲油、和毛发着色剂或毛发染料。依据本发明的自分散颗粒还可以用于书写用具(例如钢笔、记号笔)和修正液中。
具体实例包括,但不限于,用于纸张、织物、聚酯、纤维、塑料(柔性薄膜和松散材料)、金属、金属饰品及塑料、UV固化剂、木材染料、书写用具、用于书写或绘画的毡笔、人造纤维上的升华印刷、涂布天然纤维、涂布材料、塑料、涂布硬质基材、和滤色器中的印刷油墨。在一个实例中,含有本发明的颗粒的喷墨油墨可以用于喷墨照片打印机中的高质量印刷中。通过本发明的方法生产的自分散颗粒特别适用于升华印刷、转印、和直接印刷应用中。在美国专利4,406,662、4,713,081、5,246,518、5,248,363、5,302,223、7,001,660、英国专利1527396和欧洲专利1533347中公开了转印的实例,上述专利在此全部并入作为参考。在美国专利7,001,649、6,961,076、6,840,614、6,686,314、6,631,984、6,540,345、6,488,370、6,486,903、6,450,098、6,447,629、6,439,710、6,425,331、6,402,313、6,341,856、6,152,038、6,103,041、5,830,263、5,746,816、5,734,396、5,642,141、5,640,180、5,601,023中公开了其它印刷应用技术的实例,上述专利在此全部并入作为参考。在Textile Printing,LCW Miles,第二版,1994,3.2章中可以发现织物印刷的说明,其在此全部并入作为参考。
升华转印取决于印刷设计中可升华染料的应用。当印刷基材(纸、薄膜等)被加热时,染料分子离开基材,进入蒸气相。如果加热的纸张之前已与适合的接受材料(纤维、涂布表面、塑料等)接触,那么染料分子优先吸附在接受材料的表面上。如果基材已被适当加热,以及如果染料对材料有亲和力,那么染料分子扩散进温热的基材中,而后在其中溶解。
终端应用的其它实例包括,但不限于,在柔性基材上的应用。例如,印刷柔性薄膜可以对已成型的3D物体上进行3D升华转印。终端应用的另一个实例包括,但不限于,户外建筑涂层。可以在涂层金属上进行户外建筑涂层的升华转印。
本发明的一个方面涉及使用上述自分散颗粒的喷墨油墨配方。含有所述颗粒的喷墨配方可以至少完成下列之一:1)在印刷介质上提供高分辨率和高密度的均匀、无渗色图像;2)不会导致喷嘴堵塞,而这通常是由于在喷嘴的末端油墨干燥导致的;3)在基材(纸张、纤维、薄膜)上快速干燥;4)显示出好的长期储存稳定性;和5)显示出与纸张质量无关的印刷特征。含有所述颗粒的喷墨配方还可以在运输和储存期间,提供对波动的温度条件更良好的油墨稳定性和耐用性,而波动的温度可能导致喷嘴堵塞、粘连、和印刷质量差。
本发明的油墨组合物可以通过上述自分散颗粒与水性载体和其它适合的组分混合来制备,以下对其中的一些进行描述。油墨组合物中的自分散颗粒的量(以重量计)为至少约0.1%,特别是至少约10%,和更特别是至少约20%。而且,油墨组合物中自分散颗粒的量(以重量计)小于或等于约12%,特别是小于或等于约8%,和更特别是小于或等于约5%。这包括油墨组合物中自分散颗粒的量(以重量计)为约0.1%-约12%的实施方案。
所述水性载体可以包括水或水与一种或多种水溶性有机溶剂的组合。水溶性有机溶剂可以与水混合形成水性载体。水溶性有机溶剂可以包括醇,多元醇如乙二醇、甘油、PEG,酮和酮醇如丙酮和二丙酮醇,醚如四氢呋喃和二噁烷,多元醇的低级烷基醚如乙二醇单甲醚(或单乙醚),含氮溶剂如吡咯烷酮、N-甲基-2-吡咯烷酮,含硫溶剂如硫代双乙醇,蔗糖及其衍生物如葡萄糖,甘油的氧乙烯加成物;和一缩二丙三醇的氧乙烯加成物。水溶性有机溶剂可以单独使用,也可以组合使用。如果使用水与水溶性有机溶剂的混合物,那么油墨组合物中水溶性有机溶剂的量(以重量计)为至少约5%,特别是至少约15%,和更特别为至少约25%。而且,油墨组合物中水溶性有机溶剂的量(以重量计)小于或等于约50%,特别是小于或等于约40%,和更特别是小于或等于约25%。这包括油墨组合物中水溶性有机溶剂的量(以重量计)为约5%-30%的实施方案。油墨组合物中水的量为至少约40%,特别是至少约50%,和更特别是至少约60%。而且,油墨组合物中水的量(以重量计)小于或等于约90%,特别是小于或等于约80%,和更特别是小于或等于约70%。这包括油墨组合物中水的量(以重量计)为约40%-约80%的实施方案。
组分可以加入到水性载体中,以赋予许多期望的性能,如可能需要组分使油墨适合特定喷墨打印机的要求,或提供光稳定性、抗涂污、粘度、表面张力、涂层渗透性、光密度、颜色深度、附着性、抗荧光、或表面结皮的平衡。例如,可以添加渗透剂以减少渗色,改善打印介质的润湿性,并改善打印图像的整体性能。渗透剂的实例可以包括,但不限于,具有1-4个碳原子的烷基醇如乙醇,二醇醚如乙二醇单甲醚,二醇如1,2-烷基二醇,甲酰胺,乙酰胺,二甲亚砜,山梨醇和环丁砜。渗透剂可以单独使用或组合使用。油墨组合物中渗透剂的量(以重量计)为约0%-约60%,特别是约2%-约40%,和更特别是约5%-约20%。这包括油墨组合物中渗透剂的量(以重量计)为约10%-约15%的实施方案。
可以将表面活性剂添加至水性介质中,以降低油墨组合物的表面张力。所述表面活性剂可以是阴离子表面活性剂、非离子表面活性剂和/或阳离子表面活性剂。适合的表面活性剂可以包括以下所列的那些,以及1992年5月26日授权的美国专利5,116,409、1999年1月19日授权的美国专利5,861,447、和2005年2月1日授权的美国专利6,849,111中所列的那些,上述专利在此并入作为参考。
表面活性剂可以是各种公知的商标名的市售产品,如PLURONIC系列(BASF Corporation,Parsippany,N.J.)、TETRONIC系列(BASFCorporation,Parsippany,N.J.)、ARQUAD系列(Akzo Chemical Inc.,Chicago,Dl.)、TRITON系列(Union Carbide Corp.,Danbury,Conn.)、SURFONIC系列(Texaco Chemical Company,Houston,Tex.)、ETHOQUAD系列(Akzo Chemical Inc.,Chicago,ILL.)、ARMEEN系列(Akzo Chemical Inc.,Chicago,ILL.)、ICONOL系列(BASF Corporation,Parsippany,N.J.)、SURFYNOL系列(Air Products and Chemicals,Inc.Allentown,Pa.)、和ETHOMEEN系列(Akzo Chemical Inc.,Chicago,ILL.)。
表面活性剂可以单独使用或组合使用。油墨组合物中表面活性剂的量(以重量计)可以为0%-约10%,特别是约0.1%-约10%,和更特别是约0.3%-约5%。这包括油墨组合物中表面活性剂的量(以重量计)可以为约0.1%-约8%的实施方案。
可以将一种或多种润湿剂添加至水性载体中,以防止在等待期由于干燥导致的喷墨喷嘴的阻塞。润湿剂可以选自具有高吸湿性和水溶性的材料。润湿剂的实例包括,但不限于,多元醇如甘油,内酰胺如2-吡咯烷酮,脲化合物如脲,1,3-二甲基咪唑啉酮,糖如山梨醇,1,4-环己烷二甲醇,1-甲基-2-吡啶酮,N-乙基乙酰胺,3-氨基-1,2-丙二醇,碳酸乙烯酯;丁内酯和Liponic EG-1。对润湿剂的用量没有特别限制,但是通常在油墨组合物中润湿剂的量(以重量计)可以为0%-约30%,特别是约1%-约15%,和更特别是约5%-约10%。
可以将聚合物添加至油墨组合物中,以改善打印介质上图像的耐水色牢度、耐摩擦和耐光色牢度。适合的聚合物可以包括,但不限于,聚乙烯醇、聚酯、聚酯三聚氰胺、苯乙烯-丙烯酸共聚物、苯乙烯-马来酸共聚物、苯乙烯-马来酸-丙烯酸烷基酯共聚物、苯乙烯-甲基丙烯酸共聚物、苯乙烯-甲基丙烯酸-丙烯酸烷基酯共聚物、苯乙烯-马来酸半酯共聚物、乙烯基萘-丙烯酸共聚物、乙烯基萘-马来酸共聚物及其盐。油墨组合物中聚合物的量(以重量计)可以为0%-约10%,特别是约0.1%-约6%,和更特别是约0.2%-约4%。这包括油墨组合物中聚合物的量(以重量计)可以为约0.1%-约5.0%的实施方案。
本发明的油墨组合物可以用任意多种的pH调节剂缓冲至期望的pH。适合的pH调节剂可以包括碱金属氢氧化物、碱金属碳酸盐和碳酸氢盐、三乙胺、二甲基乙醇胺、三乙醇胺、无机酸、盐酸、和硫酸。pH调节剂可以单独使用或组合使用。油墨组合物中pH调节剂的量(以重量计)可以为0%-约3.0%,特别是约0.1%-约2.0%,和更特别是约0.5%-约1.5%。这包括油墨组合物中pH调节剂的量(以重量计)为约0.2%-约2.5%的实施方案。
防腐剂,例如生物杀灭剂和杀菌剂,也可以添加至油墨组合物中。适合的防腐剂的实例包括苯甲酸钠、五氯苯酚钠、2-巯基吡啶-1-氧化物钠盐、山梨酸钠、脱氢乙酸钠、苯并异噻唑啉酮、1,2-二苯并噻唑啉-3-酮、CTAC、甲基异噻唑啉酮和氯甲基异噻唑啉酮。市售生物杀灭剂包括UCARCIDE250(购自Union Carbide Company)、ProxelCRL、ProxelBDN、ProxelGXL、ProxelXL-2、ProxelTN(购自Arch Chemicals,Smyrna,GA)、Dowicil(Dow Chemical,Midland,Mich.)、Nuosept(HuIsAmerica,Inc.,Piscataway,N.J.)、Omidines(Olin Corp.,Cheshire,Conn.)、Nopcocides(Henkel Corp.,Ambler,Pa.)、Troysans(Troy Chemical Corp.,Newark,N.J.)、和XBINX(PMC Specialties Group,Inc.,Cincinnati,Ohio)。防腐剂可以单独使用或组合使用。油墨组合物中防腐剂的量(以重量计)可以为0%-约1.5%,特别是约0.05-约1.0%,和更特别是约0.1-约0.3%。这包括油墨组合物中防腐剂的量(以重量计)可以为约0.05%-约0.5%的实施方案。
油墨组合物可以包含一种或多种粘度调节剂。粘度调节剂可以包括松脂化合物、海藻酸化合物、聚乙烯醇、羟丙基纤维素、羧甲基纤维素、羟乙基纤维素、甲基纤维素、聚丙烯酸的盐、聚乙烯吡咯烷酮、阿拉伯胶和淀粉、HEUR(疏水性乙氧基化氨基甲酸酯)、HASE(疏水改性碱溶胀性乳液)、ASE(碱溶胀性乳液)、及其组合。油墨组合物中粘度调节剂的量(以重量计)可以为0%-约10%,特别是约0.5-约8%,和更特别是约1-约5%。这包括油墨组合物中粘度调节剂的量(以重量计)可以为约1%-约7%的实施方案。
可以加入到水性载体中的其它组分还可以包括抗氧化剂、紫外吸收剂、螯合剂、电导率调节剂、粘度调节剂、吸氧剂、抗凝固剂(anti-kogationagent)、抗卷曲剂、抗渗色剂、消泡剂、和缓冲剂。除了本发明的染料颗粒分散体外,本发明的油墨组合物还可以包含一种或多种着色剂。
本发明的油墨组合物特别适于用作喷墨印刷的油墨组合物,其中油墨组合物的液滴从印刷装置中射出,并沉积在基材上,产生图像。适合的印刷装置包括,但不限于,连续式喷墨(CIJ)、按需喷墨阀(DoD阀)、按需喷墨压电(DoD压电)和热喷墨(TIJ)。类似地,可以使用任何适合的基材,包括普通纸、铜版纸、涂布纸、透明材料、织物材料、塑料、聚合物薄膜和无机基材。然而,本领域技术人员应当知道,上述油墨组合物也可以用于其它应用中,包括,但不限于,普通书写用具应用和邮票应用。
织物印花(通过升华和直接印刷)
本发明的另一个方面涉及在织物印花应用中使用上述自分散颗粒的水性配方。含有本发明的颗粒的织物印花配方可以显示出至少一个下列性能:1)对织物纤维如尼龙、聚酯、聚丙烯酸类或其共混物接受的色牢度;和2)易于应用和固色。
在塑料和涂布基材上的转印
本发明的另一方面涉及在升华转印应用中使用上述自分散颗粒的水性配方。含有本发明的颗粒的升华转印配方可以显示出至少一个下列性能:1)对涂布材料和塑料(ABS等)接受的耐光色牢度;和2)易于应用和固色。
着色织物的耐洗、耐磨擦、耐水和耐光色牢度性能可以通过本领域技术人员已知的ISO和AATCC测试法测量。涂布材料和塑料的耐光色牢度可以通过ISO和AATCC测试法测量。
化妆品应用
本发明的另一方面涉及在化妆品应用中使用上述自分散颗粒的配方。化妆品应用可以包括,但不限于,用于面部、眼部、嘴唇、头发、皮肤、和指甲的那些。化妆品应用可以包括,但不限于、睫毛膏、眼线膏、喷式染发膏、水性指甲油、眉刷、眼影、唇膏、腮红和口红、粉底、粉底霜、和染发剂。自分散颗粒分散体可以容易地混入化妆品配方的任何水相中,因为其易于与多元醇和防腐剂混合。与硅树脂、酯(例如,但不限于,CCT)、蜡(例如,但不限于,巴西棕榈蜡)、和溶剂(例如,但不限于,异十二烷)的更好的相容性有助于乳化,并得到稳定产品。自分散颗粒可以使配方设计师在相同颗粒载荷下制造比使用甘油-水分散体的传统颗粒分散体具有更高色强度的产品。产品的流动性赋予配方设计师用甚至更高颗粒载荷的弹性,这将增加产品的优势效果,导致在应用上较少的涂抹。
包含本发明的自分散颗粒的睫毛膏的性能可以通过将睫毛膏均匀涂抹在皮肤上,并将其与不包含本发明的自分散颗粒的睫毛膏并排比较而进行视觉评价。
涂料应用
含有本申请的分散体的涂料配方可以显示出高遮盖力(例如二氧化钛)或高渗透性(例如,木材和混凝土染色剂中的溶剂染料),其易于应用并降低对环境的影响。
实施例
在以下实施例中提供本发明的示例性实施方案。以下实施例是用于说明本发明,并有助于普通技术人员制造和使用。这些实施例不以任何方式限制本发明的范围。
实施例1a
制备与磺胺酸的氰脲酰基三加成物的实施例
将DI水(310g)、无钙氢氧化钠(32g)和碳酸氢钠(55g)中的磺胺酸(114g)溶液,其pH为8.5,在三个阶段中添加至氰脲酰氯(40.2g,购自Lonza Walkersville,Inc.,Walkersville,Maryland)、冰(570g)和DI水(480g)的搅拌混合物中,所述三个阶段分别控制温度<0℃、<3℃和<10℃。添加完后,pH为7.1,将反应混合物加热并保持在95℃-100℃下4.5小时,得到1000g澄清液体。
实施例1b
制备与4-氨基苯酚的氰脲酰基三加成物的实施例
通过用等当量(72g)的4-氨基苯酚代替实施例1a中的4-氨基苯甲酸制备与4-氨基苯酚的氰脲酰基三加成物的澄清溶液。
实施例2
制备与4-氨基苯甲酸的氰脲酰基三加成物的实施例(Tris 4-ABA)
将DI水(300g)、无钙氢氧化钠(30g)和碳酸氢钠(55g)中的4-氨基苯甲酸(90.1g)溶液,其pH为7.2,在三个阶段中添加至氰脲酰氯(40.2g,购自Lonza Walkersville,Inc.,Walkersville,Maryland)、冰(550g)和DI水(500g)的搅拌混合物中,所述三个阶段分别控制温度<0℃、<3℃和<10℃。添加完后,pH为7.1,将反应混合物加热并保持在95℃-100℃下5小时,得到600g澄清液体。
实施例3
通过用与4-氨基苯甲酸的氰脲酰基三加成物处理将非水溶性染料颗粒转化成自分散水性分散体的实施例
在Hockmeyer介质磨(购自Hockmeyer Equipment Corp.,Elizabeth City,NC)中,用0.2mm YTZ介质(购自Quackenbush Co.,Inc.,Crystal Lake,IL)将60g分散蓝359(购自Sensient Colors Inc.,St.Louis,MO)和100g实施例2中所述的Tris 4-ABA试剂研磨4小时。在研磨期间,将反应混合物加热至45℃。将在50℃的热DI水(300g)中的29.6g过硫酸钾和9.2g碳酸氢钠溶液缓慢加入,同时通过添加无钙氢氧化钠(19g)保持pH为7.5-9.0。研磨后,将反应混合物加热至45℃[步骤1]。通过超滤去除溶解的杂质,直到进料样品中的氯化物和硫酸盐含量低于50ppm。而后将产品浓缩至9.3%固含量,并与(0.3%,wt/wt)Proxel GXL(购自Arch Chemicals,Smyrna,GA)混合。最后,通过0.7微米GF过滤器过滤产品(352g)。
实施例4
用非离子磨料研磨非水溶性染料颗粒,并通过用与4-氨基苯甲酸的氰脲酰基三加成物处理而转化成自分散水性分散体的实施例
将分散黄54(120g,购自Sensient Colors Inc.,St.Louis,MO)缓慢添加到SURFYNOLCT-131(42.8g,购自Air Products and Chemicals,Inc.Allentown,Pa.)和140g DI水的搅拌混合物中。用具有0.4mm YTZ介质(购自Quackenbush Co.,Inc.,Crystal Lake,IL)的Hockmeyer介质磨(购自Hockmeyer Equipment Corp.,Elizabeth City,NC)研磨该混合物。以约3300rpm,在40℃以下的温度下,持续研磨共21小时,得到平均PSD为145nm。将粉碎物料冲洗,并在良好搅拌下加热至50℃。缓慢地添加实施例2中所述的9.9g当量的Tris 4-ABA试剂,而不要导致颗粒生长。缓慢加入26g过硫酸钠和10g碳酸氢钠在热(50℃)DI水(200g)中的溶液,同时通过添加无钙氢氧化钠保持pH为10.5-9.0。持续加热并搅拌,保持温度在约55℃下16小时。通过超滤去除溶解的杂质,直到进料样品中的氯化物含量和硫酸盐含量小于100ppm。将EDTA(15g)溶液作为钠盐加入,持续提纯,直到去除大部分EDTA,盐(氯化物和硫酸盐)的水平在50ppm以下。颗粒聚集成平均PSD为约250nm,分散体不稳定。将反应混合物在磨上进行与如上所述的4-ABA Tris试剂(相当于30g 4-ABA)和20g过硫酸钾的第二阶段反应,持续17小时。产物再次通过超滤提纯,去除溶解的盐,而后浓缩至12.4%固含量,并与0.3%,wt/wt Proxel GXL(available fromArch Chemicals,Smyrna,GA)混合。最后,在10,000rpm下对产物离心5分钟,通过0.7微米GF过滤器过滤。
实施例5-8
依照上述实施例4相同的方法制备实施例5-12。
表1.通过Tris A-ABA-氰脲酰加成物将小分子结合在分散染料颗粒上的实施例
*仅为单阶段反应。
1购自Sensient Imaging-Specialty Colors and Inks,Switzerland的分散棕27粉末。
2购自Sensient Colors Inc,St.Louis,MO的分散蓝72粉末。
实施例9
如实施例2所述,将甘油(17g)、BYK024消泡剂(0.4g,购自BykChemie)和相当于17.5g 4-氨基苯甲酸的Tris 4-ABA试剂(125g)混合。在搅拌磨(购自NETZS CH-Feinmahltechnik GmbH,Selb,Germany)中将混合物加热至55℃。在搅拌下添加17.5g分散红60。通过添加无钙氢氧化钠保持pH为8-9.5。在搅拌下添加过硫酸钾(13.4g)和碳酸氢钠(4.2g)。在搅拌下添加17.5g分散红60(购自Huntsman)、过硫酸钾(13.4g)和碳酸氢钠(4.2g)。添加0.5mm Zirstar(购自Saint Gobain)研磨介质,在55℃下以1100rpm研磨。在研磨期间,通过添加无钙氢氧化钠保持pH为8-9.5。每小时,添加15g实施例2的Tris 4-ABA试剂、1g碳酸氢钠、3.2g过硫酸钠。研磨10小时后,平均粒径为0.2微米。通过超滤去除溶解的杂质。超滤后,分散体的染料浓度为9%。将Dowicil 200(0.1%wt/wt,购自Dow Chemical)添加到分散体中。最后,通过0.7微米GF过滤器过滤产物。
实施例10
分散染料分散体(用与4-氨基苯甲酸的氰脲酰基三加成物将聚合物稳定的分散体转化成自分散染料分散体的实施例)
将312g聚合物分散剂稳定的23%浓度的蓝7704(分散蓝359,购自Sensient Imaging-Specialty Colors and Inks,Switzerland)缓慢添加到91g上述Tris 4-ABA试剂和950g DI水的混合物中。
一小时后,将反应混合物加热至54℃。将热(50℃)DI水(200g)中的33g过硫酸钾和10.5g碳酸氢钠的溶液缓慢加入,同时通过添加无钙氢氧化钠保持pH为7.5-9.5。添加过硫酸钾溶液后,保持反应混合物在55℃[步骤1],过夜约16小时。通过超滤去除溶解的杂质,直到进料样品中的氯化物和硫酸盐含量小于50ppm。而后将产物浓缩至25%固含量,并与(0.3%,wt/wt)Proxel GXL(购自Arch Chemicals,Smyrna,GA)混合。最后,通过0.7微米GF过滤器过滤产物(413.5g)。
实施例11-13
表2.通过与4-氨基苯甲酸的氰脲酰基加成物将分子结合在聚合物分散剂稳定的染料颗粒上的实施例
4购自Sensient Imaging-Specialty Colors and Inks,Switzerland的分散蓝359[23%]。
5购自Sensient Imaging-Specialty Colors and Inks,Switzerland的分散蓝360[24%]。
6购自Sensient Imaging-Specialty Colors and Inks,Switzerland的分散蓝72[30%]。
实施例14-16
用于印刷和涂层应用的溶剂染料,类似实施例4进行表面处理。
表3.通过与4-氨基苯甲酸的氰脲酰基加成物将分子结合在溶剂染料颗粒上的实施例
*仅为单阶段反应。
7购自Sensient Colors Inc.St.Louis,MO的溶剂蓝67粉末。
8购自Sensient Colors Inc,St.Louis,MO的溶剂红146粉末。
实施例17-19
用于化妆品应用中的无机颜料,类似实施例4进行表面处理。
表4.通过与4-氨基苯甲酸的氰脲酰基加成物将分子结合在无机颜料颗粒上的实施例
*仅为单阶段反应。
9购自Sensient Cosmetic Technologies LCW,South Plainfield,NJ的Unipure White LC 981 AS,28204,三乙氧基辛基硅烷处理的TiO2粉末。
10购自Sensient Cosmetic Technologies LCW,South Plainfield,NJ的Unipure White LC 981,TiO2粉末。
11购自Rockwood Pigments,St.Louis,MO的黄色氧化铁。
实施例20
由上述实施例得到的改性染料的物理性能列于下表中。
表5-1.染料分散体的分析结果
1购自Sensient Imaging-Specialty Colors and Inks,Switzerland的分散棕27粉末。
2购自Sensient Colors Inc,St.Louis,MO的分散蓝72粉末。
3购自Huntsma的分散红60粉末。
4购自Sensient Imaging-Specialty Colors and Inks,Switzerland的分散蓝359[23%]。
5购自Sensient Imaging-Specialty Colors and Inks,Switzerland的DB360[24%]。
6购自Sensient Imaging-Specialty Colors and Inks,Switzerland的DB 72[30%]。
7购自Sensient Colors Inc.St.Louis,MO的溶剂蓝67粉末。
8购自Sensient Colors Inc,St.Louis,MO的溶剂红146粉末。
9购自Sensient Cosmetic Technologies LCW,South Plainfield,NJ的Unipure White LC 981 AS,28204,三乙氧基辛基硅烷处理的TiO2粉末。
10购自Sensient Cosmetic Technologies LCW,South Plainfield,NJ的Unipure White LC 981,TiO2粉末。
11购自Rockwood Pigments,St.Louis,MO的黄色氧化铁。
表5-2.染料分散体的分析结果
*不包括铁
1购自Sensient Imaging-Specialty Colors and Inks,Switzerland的分散棕27粉末。
2购自Sensient Colors Inc,St.Louis,MO的分散蓝72粉末。
3购自Huntsma的分散红60粉末。
4购自Sensient Imaging-Specialty Colors and Inks,Switzerland的分散蓝359[23%]。
5购自Sensient Imaging-Specialty Colors and Inks,Switzerland的DB360[24%]。
6购自Sensient Imaging-Specialty Colors and Inks,Switzerland的DB 72[30%]。
7购自Sensient Colors Inc.St.Louis,MO的溶剂蓝67粉末。
8购自Sensient Colors Inc,St.Louis,MO的溶剂红146粉末。
9购自Sensient Cosmetic Technologies LCW,South Plainfield,NJ的Unipure White LC 981 AS,28204,三乙氧基辛基硅烷处理的TiO2粉末。
10购自Sensient Cosmetic Technologies LCW,South Plainfield,NJ的Unipure White LC 981,TiO2粉末。
11购自Rockwood Pigments,St.Louis,MO的黄色氧化铁。
12作为污染物存在于原材料中和/或在研磨期间形成的Ca、Mg和Fe的总和。
实施例21
X射线光电子能谱(“XPS”)分析
对由表6中的实施例数指定的样品进行XPS数据的收集和分析。
表6.颗粒样品的XPS
样品 | 样品ID | 来源 |
1 | [-][DB359] | |
2 | [3][DB359] | 结合4-ABA的实施例3的分散体 |
3 | [9][DB359] | 结合4-ABA的实施例9的分散体 |
4 | [10][DB359] | 结合4-ABA的实施例10的分散体 |
5 | [-][DY54] | |
6 | [5][DY54] | 结合4-ABA的实施例4的分散体 |
7 | [-][DBr27] | |
8 | [7][DBr27] | 结合4-ABA的实施例6的分散体 |
9 | [-][SR146] | |
10 | [16][SR146] | 结合4-ABA的实施例16的分散体 |
11 | [-][DB72] | |
12 | [8][DB72] | 结合4-ABA的实施例8的分散体 |
13 | [-]TiO2 | |
14 | [-]TiO2处理的 | |
15 | [17][TiO2] | 结合4-ABA的实施例17的分散体 |
16 | [18][TiO2] | 结合4-ABA的实施例18的分散体 |
17 | [-][Fe2O3] | |
18 | [19][Fe2O3] | 结合4-ABA的实施例19的分散体 |
19 | [-][SB67] | |
20 | [14][SB67] | 结合4-ABA的实施例14的分散体 |
由EAG实验室(位于Chanhassen,MN)使用聚焦单色Al Kα辐射的探测光束得到XPS数据。X射线产生光电子,分析和计算其能量,揭示样品表面的原子构成和化学。光电子的的逸出深度将分析深度限制在外部典型地,95%的信号源自该深度内。显示的数据包括低分辨率全谱扫描,其给出0-1400eV结合能之间的全部光谱。在数据中还包括选定元素的高分辨率光谱,其提供化学状态信息。通过对光电子峰下的面积积分,并应用经验灵敏度因子,可以用光谱得到表面组成。XPS数据见图1-21。
表7.分析条件
仪器 | 物理电子5802多功能 |
量子2000扫描XPS | |
X射线源 | 单色Al Kα1486.6eV |
分析面积 | 1.5mm×0.6mm-5802,1.2mm×0.2mm-量子2000 |
出射角 | 45° |
电荷校正 | C1s光谱中的C-C,C-H设为284.8eV |
电荷中和 | 低能电子和离子流 |
下表是归一化至100%的检测元素。XPS不检测H或He。对于其它元素,检测限通常为0.05%-1.0%。横线“-”表示元素未检出。影响检测限的主要因素是元素自身(较重的元素通常具有较低的检测限)、干扰(可以包括其它元素的光电子峰和俄歇电子峰)和背景(主要由损失能量到基质的电子的信号导致)。
通过查阅文献中的参考数据已经制成了给定元素的化学状态分配。在可用的参考有限或对于许多不同化学状态可以观察到类似结合能的情况下,化学状态分布必须被认为是试验性的。对选择的高分辨率光谱应用非线性最小二乘(NLLS)曲线拟合以协助可能的化学状态分配。NLLS拟合的结果示于单独的光谱和化学表(表8-10)。在除了未处理的颗粒之外的所有样品中存在的N、Na和K的水平是作为氨基苯甲酰基或者表面酸性基团的相应的钠盐存在的带电基团的量度。
表8.分散染料样品的XPS表面浓度(原子%)
[实施例][颗粒类型] | C | N | O | Na | S | Si | Ca | Cl | Br | Zr |
[-][DB359] | 78.7 | 12.4 | 8.8 | 0.1 | - | - | - | - | - | - |
[3][DB359] | 77.0 | 13.1 | 9.6 | 0.3 | - | - | - | - | - | - |
[10][DB359] | 77.1 | 6.9 | 15.7 | 0.3 | - | - | - | - | - | - |
[-][DY54] | 85.5 | 4.0 | 10.5 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
[5][DY54] | 80.1 | 3.9 | 15.2 | 0.7 | - | - | - | 0.1 | - | - |
[-][DBr27] | 70.1 | 7.7 | 13.7 | - | - | - | - | 8.4 | 0.1 | - |
[7][DBr27] | 72.8 | 6.6 | 15.2 | 0.1 | 0.5 | - | 4.9 | - | 0.03 | |
[-][DB72] | 83.8 | 3.5 | 11.8 | 0.1 | 0.06 | - | 0.4 | 0.4 | ||
[8][DB72] | 82.0 | 3.4 | 14.2 | 0.4 | - | - | - | - |
表8-1.DB359样品的碳化学(总C%)
[实施例][颗粒类型] | C-C,H | C-N/C-O | C=O | 芳香振动 |
[-][DB359] | 60 | 29 | 6 | 5 |
[3][DB359] | 58 | 26 | 11 | 5 |
[10][DB359] | 55 | 39 | 4 | 2 |
表8-2.DY54样品的碳化学(总C%)
[实施例][颗粒类型] | C-C,H | C-N | C-O | C=O | O-C=O | 芳香振动 |
[-][DY54] | 74 | 4 | 11 | 4 | 2 | 5 |
[5][DY54] | 67 | 6 | 16 | 6 | 1 | 3 |
表8-3.DBr27样品的碳化学(总C%)。
[实施例][颗粒类型] | C-C,H | C-NO2 | C=O | O-C=O | 芳香振动 |
[-][DBr27] | 46 | 46 | 3 | 3 | 2 |
[7][DBr27] | 51 | 43 | 3 | 2 | 1 |
表8-4.DB72样品的碳化学(总C%)
[实施例][颗粒类型] | C-C,H | C-N/C-O | C=O | O-C=O | 芳香振动 |
[-][DB72] | 69 | 16 | 5 | 2 | 8 |
[8][DB72] | 65 | 23 | 4 | 2 | 6 |
表8-5.DB359样品的氮化学(总N%)
[实施例][颗粒类型] | N-C=N | NH | 芳香振动 |
[-][DB359] | 82 | 8 | 10 |
[3][DB359] | 78 | 11 | 11 |
[10][DB359] | 84 | 8 | 7 |
表8-6.DY54样品的氮化学(总N%)
[实施例][颗粒类型] | C-N? | C2N | NO2 |
[-][DY54] | 11 | 85 | 4 |
[5][DY54] | 14 | 84 | 3 |
表8-7.DB72样品的氮化学(总N%)
[实施例][颗粒类型] | C-N=N-C | C3N | C-NO? | C-NO2 |
[-][DB72] | 55 | 14 | 6 | 24 |
[8][DB72] | 68 | 13 | 5 | 15 |
表8-9.DB359样品的氧化学(总O%)
[实施例][颗粒类型] | C=O | C-O | 芳香振动 |
[-][DB359] | 64 | 20 | 16 |
[3][DB359] | 59 | 25 | 16 |
[10][DB359] | 21 | 77 | 1 |
表8-10.DY54样品的氧化学(总O%)
[实施例][颗粒类型] | C=O | C-O | 芳香振动 |
[-][DY54] | 56 | 40 | 4 |
[5][DY54] | 32 | 67 | 1 |
表8-11.DB72样品的氧化学(总O%)
[实施例][颗粒类型] | C=O | C-O | 芳香振动 |
[-][DB72] | 43 | 50 | 8 |
[8][DB72] | 24 | 72 | 4 |
表9.溶剂染料样品的XPS表面浓度(原子%)
[实施例][颗粒类型] | C | N | O | Na | S | Cu | Br |
[-][SB67] | 70.7 | 13.0 | 11.5 | - | 3.8 | 0.9 | - |
[14][SB67] | 66.9 | 12.1 | 15.0 | 1.0 | 4.0 | 1.0 | - |
[-][SR146] | 84.8 | 3.3 | 11.7 | - | - | - | 0.1- |
[16][SR146] | 81.9 | 2.7 | 15.1 | 0.3 | - | - | - |
表9-1.SB67样品的碳化学(总C%)
[实施例][颗粒类型] | C-C,H | N-C=N | CN-Cu | COONa/CSO3Na | 芳香振动 |
[-][SB67] | 72 | 23 | 2 | 1 | 1 |
[14][SB67] | 64 | 29 | 4 | 1 | 2 |
表9-2.SR146样品的碳化学(总C%)
[实施例][颗粒类型] | C-C,H | C-O/C-N | C=O | O-C=O | 芳香振动 |
[-][SR146] | 73 | 18 | 2 | 2 | 6 |
[16][SR146] | 67 | 24 | 2 | 2 | 5 |
表9-3.SB67样品的氮化学(总N%)
[实施例][颗粒类型] | N-C=N | CN-Cu | CNSOx | 芳香振动 |
[-][SB67] | 71 | 17 | 4 | 7 |
[14][SB67] | 72 | 20 | 2 | 5 |
表9-4.SR146样品的氧化学(总O%)
[实施例][颗粒类型] | C=O | C-O | 芳香振动 |
[-][SR146] | 39 | 56 | 5 |
[16][SR146] | 28 | 69 | 2 |
表10.无机颜料样品的XPS表面浓度(原子%)
[实施例][颗粒类型] | C | N | O | Na | Si | P | K | Ti | Fe |
[-][TiO2] | 15.5 | - | 57.5 | - | - | 2.4 | 2.7 | 22.0 | - |
[-][TiO2处理的] | 31.4 | - | 45.5 | - | 3.4 | 1.9 | 1.8 | 16.0 | - |
[17][TiO2] | 48.3 | 1.2 | 35.7 | 0.9 | 1.1 | 0.4 | 0.6 | 11.5 | - |
[18][TiO2] | 46.1 | 1.1 | 37.4 | 1.1 | - | 0.4 | 0.6 | 13.2 | - |
[-][Fe2O3] | 22.2 | - | 53.7 | - | 0.5 | - | - | - | 23.6 |
[19][Fe2O3] | 47.3 | 1.1 | 40.5 | 0.9 | - | - | - | - | 10.3 |
表10-1.无机颜料样品的氮化学(总N%)
[实施例][颗粒类型] | N-C=N | NH |
[-][TiO2] | - | - |
[-][TiO2处理的] | - | - |
[17][TiO2] | 44 | 56 |
[18][TiO2] | 36 | 64 |
[-][Fe2O3] | - | - |
[19][Fe2O3] | 40 | 60 |
表10-2.无机颜料样品的氧化学(总O%)
[实施例][颗粒类型] | 氧化物 | C=O/氢氧化物 | C_O |
[-][TiO2] | 73 | 21 | 6 |
[-][TiO2处理的] | 64 | 19 | 18 |
[17][TiO2] | 63 | 16 | 22 |
[18][TiO2] | 65 | 18 | 16 |
[-][Fe2O3] | 49 | 44 | 7 |
[19][Fe2O3] | 31 | 44 | 25 |
XPS结果如表8所示,其表明所公开的表面改性得到改性分散蓝359染料,其表面氧增加,相应地氮降低,这是由于存在于原始分散体中的聚合物材料的结合。这进一步通过曲线拟合方案(图2和3)证明,表明额外的氧主要是碳-氧键类型。
表8和图4显示的XPS结果表明,所公开的表面改性得到改性分散蓝359染料,其表面钠作为COONa上升约0.3原子%。
表8显示的XPS结果表明,所公开的表面改性得到改性分散黄54染料,其表面钠作为COONa上升约0.7原子%。
表8显示的XPS结果表明,所公开的表面改性得到改性分散棕27染料,其表面钠作为COONa上升约0.1原子%。
表8显示的XPS结果表明,所公开的表面改性得到改性分散蓝72染料,其表面钠作为COONa上升约0.4原子%。
表9显示的XPS结果表明,所公开的表面改性得到改性溶剂红146染料,其表面钠作为COONa上升约0.3原子%。
表10显示的XPS结果表明,所公开的表面改性得到改性三乙氧基辛基硅烷处理的二氧化钛颜料,其具有比原始颜料显著更高的表面碳含量(>16原子%)、氮含量(1.2原子%)和钠含量(0.9原子%)。
表10显示的XPS结果表明,所公开的表面改性得到改性二氧化钛颜料,其具有比原始颜料显著更高的表面碳含量(>30.6原子%)、氮含量(1.1原子%)和钠含量(1.1原子%)。
表10和图19显示的XPS结果表明,所公开的表面改性导致作为磷化合物存在于原始二氧化钛颜料中的杂质基本上被去除。
表10和图18显示的XPS结果表明,所公开的表面改性导致作为杂质存在于原始的三乙氧基辛基硅烷处理的二氧化钛颜料中的未结合硅化合物基本上被去除。
表10和图21显示的XPS结果表明,所公开的表面改性得到改性氧化铁颜料,其具有比原始颜料显著更高的表面碳含量(>25.1原子%)、氮含量(1.1原子%)和钠含量(0.9原子%)。
实施例22
表11.元素分析(%C、H、N、Ti、Si和Fe)
13由原始分散体的ICP金属分析以100%固含量计算钠和钾,如在固含量(%)的表5-1和Na和K ppm值的表5-2中所报道的。
14使用百分数钠和钾,通过等式mMoles=%金属/原子量×1000/100计算每克颜料颗粒中活性氢的mMole浓度。
元素分析结果表明,所公开的表面改性得到的改性分散蓝359染料,每克染料含有0.154-0.284mMole的活性氢。
元素分析结果表明,所公开的表面改性得到的改性分散黄54染料,每克染料含有约0.218mMole的活性氢。
元素分析结果表明,所公开的表面改性得到的改性分散棕27染料,每克染料含有约0.332mMole的活性氢。
元素分析结果表明,所公开的表面改性得到的改性分散蓝72染料,每克染料含有约0.145mMole的活性氢。
元素分析结果表明,所公开的表面改性得到的改性溶剂红146染料,每克染料含有约0.237mMole的活性氢。
元素分析结果表明,所公开的表面改性得到的改性溶剂蓝67染料,每克染料含有约0.719mMole的活性氢。
元素分析结果表明,所公开的表面改性得到的改性二氧化钛颜料,每克颜料含有约5.2%的碳、0.64%的氢、0.13%的氮、和0.313mMole的活性氢。
元素分析结果表明,所公开的表面改性得到的改性三乙氧基辛基硅烷处理的二氧化钛颜料,每克颜料含有约3.6%的碳、<0.5%的氢、0.11%的氮、0.17%的硅、和0.322mMole的活性氢。
元素分析结果表明,所公开的表面改性得到的改性氧化铁颜料,每克颜料含有约6.2%的碳、1.9%的氢、0.19%的氮、和0.188mMole的活性氢。
实施例23
粒径测量和稳定性数据
通过将一滴样品稀释到15ml去离子水中,并装到1cm的一次性试管中,避免气泡,来制备包含8-15%固含量的样品。而后使用MalvernZetasizer Nano系列Model ZEN3600测量样品的平均粒径。
表12.分散体的粒径测量和稳定性数据
以下喷墨油墨是依据下列实施例的程序制备的:
实施例24
通过将19.1g实施例10中所述的提纯的分散体、23g甘油、0.05gDowicil 200(产自Dow Chemical)、0.1g Acticid TBW(产自Thor GmbH,Germany)、4.5g Reax 907(产自Meadwestwaco,USA)和53.2g去离子水混合制备喷墨油墨。如此得到的油墨通过1微米标称玻璃过滤器过滤。用DuNoüy环测量的静态表面张力为43.2dynes/cm,在23℃下用圆锥板流变仪测量的粘度为4.3mPas。使用Mimaki JV4打印机,以720×720dpi的分辨率和100%的版面将该油墨印刷在Coldenhove HTR2000纸上(购自Coldenhove Papier B.V,Holland)。在210℃下,在2巴的压力下用砑光机(购自Storck;Holland),在30秒内将打印的纸张转印在100%聚酯纤维上。使用Datacolor分光光度计SF450X Spectraflash(购自Datacolor AG,Switzerland)测量转印后的纤维的Lab值。在相同条件下印刷市售油墨,其被称为S4 Subli Blue 7704,通过用UV-Vis分光光度计(Shimadzu UV-2501PC,Shimadzu,Japan)在580nm下测量吸收光确定,其含有相同量的DB359染料。表13给出了这两种油墨的色度Lab值,显示染料的升华能力不受结合反应的影响。
表13.色度L*a*b值
油墨 | L | a | b |
实施例 | 31.2 | 17.5 | -52.4 |
S4 Subli Blue 770 | 30.3 | 18.5 | -52.3 |
实施例25
通过将37.3g实施例11中所述的提纯的分散体、46g甘油、0.2gDowicil 200、1g三乙醇胺、7g Reax LS(产自Meadwestwaco,USA)和108.5g去离子水混合制备蓝绿色喷墨油墨。如此得到的油墨通过1微米标称玻璃过滤器过滤。用DuNoüy环测量的静态表面张力为43.7dynes/cm,在23℃下用圆锥板流变仪测量的粘度为4.1mPas。使用Mimaki JV4打印机,以540×360dpi的分辨率和100%的版面将所述油墨印刷在ColdenhoveHTR2000纸上(购自Coldenhove Papier B.V,Holland)。在210℃下,在2巴的压力下,在30秒内将打印的纸张转印在100%聚酯纤维上。使用Datacolor分光光度计SF450X Spectraflash(购自Datacolor AG,Switzerland)测量转印后的纤维的Lab值。在相同条件下印刷市售油墨,其被称为S4Subli Blue 7704,通过用UV-Vis分光光度计(Shimadzu UV-2501PC,Shimadzu,Japan)在580nm下测量吸收光确定,其含有相同量的DB359染料。表14给出了这两种油墨的色度Lab值,显示染料的升华能力不受结合反应的影响。
表14.色度L*a*b值
油墨 | L | a | b |
实施例#25 | 40 | 2.8 | -52.8 |
S4 Subli Blue 770 | 40.5 | 2.4 | -53.5 |
实施例26
通过将表15中描述的组分混合制备喷墨油墨。用UV-Vis分光光度计测量染料含量。
表15.喷墨油墨配方
混合这些组分,并通过1微米标称玻璃过滤器过滤。用DuNoüy环测量的静态表面张力。在23℃下用圆锥板流变仪测量的粘度。使用MimakiJV4打印机,以540×360dpi的分辨率和100%的版面将所述油墨印刷在Coldenhove HTR2000纸上(购自Coldenhove Papier B.V,Holland)。在210℃下,在2巴的压力下,在30秒内将打印的纸张转印在100%聚酯纤维上。使用Datacolor分光光度计SF450X Spectraflash(购自Datacolor AG,Switzerland)测量转印后的纤维的Lab值。在相同条件下印刷相应的市售油墨,其源自S4Subli系列(Sensient Imaging-Specialty Colors and Inks,Switzerland),并含有相同量的染料。表16给出了不同油墨的色度Lab值,显示染料的升华能力不受结合反应的影响。
表16.色度L*a*b值
实施例27
通过将65.9g实施例11中的提纯的分散体、25g甘油、0.1g Dowicil 200和9g DI水混合制备蓝绿色喷墨油墨。如此得到的油墨通过1微米标称玻璃过滤器过滤。用DuNoüy环测量的静态表面张力为39.1dynes/cm,在23℃下用圆锥板流变仪测量的粘度为5.8mPas。使用Mimaki JV4打印机,以720×720dpi的分辨率和100%的版面将所述油墨印刷在ColdenhoveScreencol纸上(购自Coldenhove Papier B.V,Holland),和100%即印的棉织品上。使用Datacolor分光光度计SF450X Spectraflash(购自Datacolor AG,Switzerland)测量印刷图案的Lab值。
表17.色度L*a*b值
基材 | L | a | b |
Screencol纸 | 45.7 | -16.9 | -30.8 |
棉织品 | 51.2 | -15.3 | -31.4 |
实施例28
通过用与磺胺酸的氰脲酰基三加成物处理,将非水溶性染料颗粒转化成自分散水性分散体的实例。
用磺胺酸制备的氰脲酰基三加成物(实施例1a)代替用4-氨基苯甲酸制备的氰脲酰基三加成物(实施例2)重复上述实施例3-19。
实施例29
通过用与4-氨基苯酚的氰脲酰基三加成物处理,将非水溶性染料颗粒转化成自分散水性分散体的实例。
用4-氨基苯酚制备的氰脲酰基三加成物(实施例1b)代替用4-氨基苯甲酸制备的氰脲酰基三加成物(实施例2)重复上述实施例3-19。
实施例30
木材染料应用性能
制备木材染料,并在负载了6%的一种或多种上述实施例的改性颗粒的树脂溶液上测试木材染料,所述树脂溶液由18%的Joncryl 95(购自BASF)和剩余的去离子水构成。用1″×4″的带材进行刮样的耐水色牢度比较,所述刮样是用绕线杆#7(购自Paul N.Gardner Company,Pompano Beach,FL)涂抹在Leneta Form 3NT-3上。每个带材的一半浸入去离子水中一分钟。在室温下干燥带材。用Datacolor SF600 PLUS-CT色度仪读取色差(DE*)。通过低DE*证明了染料预期显示出改善的耐水色牢度。
实施例31
涂料性能
制备涂料配方(本色),并在负载了6%的一种或多种上述实施例的改性颗粒的树脂溶液上测试涂料配方,所述树脂溶液由25%的丙烯酸载体(购自Valspar,Wheeling,IL)和剩余的去离子水组成。每个本色颜色与乳胶基基底色(购自Sherwin Williams,Cleveland,OH)以1∶10比例混合,用于淡色的制备。用6.0密尔的绕线杆在Leneta Form 3NT-3上制备刮样。通过在本色刮样上点10滴10%盐酸和10滴10%氢氧化钠溶液分别测量耐化学性。通过提取斑点区域与对照区域间的DE*值测量耐化学性的程度。通过DE*测量证明了涂料配方改善的耐化学性。
实施例32
滤色应用性能
6%的一种或多种上述实施例中的改性颗粒负载,用去离子水调节为总量的75%,而后与载体(25%)混合以制备滤色配方并测试,所述载体由30%Valspar丙烯酸载体、30%Joncryl 1972(购自BASF)和40%1-甲氧基-2-丙醇(丙二醇单甲醚)组成。用绕线杆#7(Paul N.Gardner Company,Pompano Beach,FL)将滤色涂层涂抹在透明的烯烃聚合物基材上,干燥后,在室温下测量其透光率值。
实施例33
化妆品应用性能
用实施例17的改性二氧化钛颜料分散体制备水包油和硅树脂包水乳液。在水包油和硅树脂包水乳液的制备中使用的材料如表18所述。
表18.水包油和硅树脂包水乳液的制备中使用的材料
表19提供了依据如下所述制备的水包油乳液的配方。
表19.含有实施例17中的颜料分散体的水包油乳液配方。
A相 | %W/W |
荷荷葩油 | 3.00 |
十八醇 | 1.00 |
乳木果油 | 1.60 |
B1相 | |
纯水 | 44.40 |
NATPURE SOL | 6.00 |
FRUCTOSOL | 1.00 |
甘油 | 1.50 |
防腐剂 | 0.50 |
B2相 | |
实施例17的分散体 | 30.00 |
C相 | |
SUBMICA N | 10.00 |
D相 | |
丙二醇 | 0.50 |
COVACRYL MV60 | 0.50 |
水包油乳液制造过程:
1.制备A相,混合并加热至50℃,直到均匀。
2.制备B1/B2相,而后添加到A相中。用Turrax均质机搅拌1分钟。
3.搅拌下冷却至40℃,而后添加C相。
4.添加增稠剂(D相)并继续搅拌直到变稠并呈奶油状。
5.装入适合的容器中。pH=7.60
表20提供了依据如下所述制备的硅树脂包水乳液的配方。
表20.具有实施例17的颜料分散体的硅树脂包水乳液的配方
A相 | %W/W |
SILAMER | 16.00 |
COVASTEROL | 4.50 |
COVABEAD LH 85 | 2.00 |
SUBMICA N | 10.00 |
合成蜂蜡 | 3.00 |
B相 | |
实施例17的分散体 | 30.00 |
甘油 | 5.00 |
防腐剂 | 0.50 |
C相 | |
SQUATOL S | 6.00 |
Base O/W 097 | 5.00 |
纯水 | 18.00 |
100.00% |
硅树脂包水乳液的制造过程:
1.在A相中,混合并加热至70℃,直到均匀。
2.不加热,分别混合B相和C相,直到均匀。
3.将B添加到主体中,直到乳化。将主体缓慢添加到C中,保持温度为70℃。
4.持续搅拌,直到变稠。
5.装入适合的容器中。
参考图22,左上的样品显示的是依据本实施例所述制备的水包油乳液在23℃下储存14天,而左下的样品显示的是同样的水包油乳液在50℃下储存7天。右上的样品显示的是依据本实施例制备的硅树脂包水乳液在23℃下储存14天,而右下的样品显示的是同样的水包油乳液在50℃下储存7天。在23℃下储存的乳液与在50℃下储存的乳液的比较,证明了两种乳液的热稳定性。
改性颜料与原始颜料相比的好处在于分散体的分散性和易得。使用实施例17的分散液,两种乳液都相当容易形成,而无需显著使用剪切。不受特别理论限制,可以相信,在包括改性颜料分散体的乳液中,温度稳定性比包括传统颜料的乳液更高,这是由于其小粒径和润湿性。这会保持颗粒长时间悬浮。由于分散体更易得并更好,因此使用改性颜料,色强度也预期更好。
实施例34
修正液应用性能
依据本领域技术人员熟知的方法制备包括改性遮光剂(例如依据实施例17制备的二氧化钛)的水基修正液组合物。(参见,例如美国专利6,025,413、美国专利4,654,081、美国专利4,165,988、和美国专利3,997,498,其全部在此并入作为参考)。
实施例35
记号笔和钢笔
用本领域已知的方法将上述实施例的改性颗粒掺入到记号笔和书写钢笔中。
Claims (50)
1.一种对颗粒改性的方法,所述方法包括:
将具有X-[Y]n活性基团的活性化合物与二级化合物N-S-ZM反应,形成取代的活性中间体[Y]a-X-(N-S-ZM)b;和
使所述颗粒与所述取代的活性中间体[Y]a-X-(N-S-ZM)b反应以将取代的活性中间体结合在颗粒表面上,形成表面改性颗粒,所述颗粒包括染料颗粒、无机颜料颗粒、添加剂、或其组合中的至少一种;
其中X是磺酰基、磷酰基、或1,3,5-三嗪基;
Y是卤素离去基团;
N是亲核基团;
S是有机基团;
ZM是可电离端基;
n是1-3的整数;
b是1-3的整数;以及
a=n-b;
其中n等于或大于b;和
其中如果b是2或3,那么每个N-S-ZM可以相同或不同。
2.权利要求1的方法,其中X是1,3,5-三嗪基。
3.依据前述权利要求之一的方法,其中b是2或3,以及每个N-S-ZM不相同。
4.依据前述权利要求之一的方法,其中所述X-[Y]n活性基团包括氰脲酰氯,以及所述二级化合物包括4-氨基苯甲酸和聚合胺。
5.依据前述权利要求之一的方法,其中Y包括氟、氯、溴、或碘中的至少一种。
6.依据前述权利要求之一的方法,其中N包括胺、亚胺、吡啶或巯基中的至少一种。
7.依据前述权利要求之一的方法,其中S包括取代或未取代的烷基、芳基和分子量为约300-约8000的聚合物链中的至少一种。
8.依据前述权利要求之一的方法,其中Z包括羧基、磺酰基、酚基、或磷酰基中的至少一种,而M包括盐形式的质子或盐形式的阳离子中的至少一种。
9.依据前述权利要求之一的方法,其中所述二级化合物N-S-ZM包括聚合物、胺、氨基酸、醇、硫醇、以及其组合中的至少一种。
10.依据前述权利要求之一的方法,其中所述二级化合物N-S-ZM包括氨基苯甲酸、氨基苯磺酸、氨基苯酚、氨基磺酸、聚乙氧基氨基酸、磺胺酸钠、磺胺酸、对氨基苯甲酸钠、对氨基苯酚、4-氨基苯甲酸乙酯、牛磺酸、油酸(氨基)、4-氨基苯甲酸四甲基铵、4-氨基苯酚钠、氨基油酸钠、有机聚合基材、及其组合中的至少一种。
11.权利要求10的方法,其中所述有机聚合基材包括分子量为约300-约3000的直链烷基和支化的乙氧基和丙氧基链聚合物、线型聚乙氧基聚胺、线型丙氧基聚胺、苯乙烯丙烯酸共聚物、聚乙烯亚胺、及其组合中的一种。
12.依据前述权利要求之一的方法,其中Z包括铵、三甲基铵、或三丁基铵中的至少一种,而M包括卤素离子或负电荷离子中的至少一种。
13.依据前述权利要求之一的方法,其中所述二级化合物N-S-ZM包括二氨基芳香化合物、聚乙烯亚胺、聚胍、季铵化合物、或其组合中的至少一种。
14.依据前述权利要求之一的方法,其中所述颗粒包括分散蓝14、分散蓝19、分散蓝72、分散蓝334、分散蓝359、分散蓝360、分散橙25、分散黄54、分散黄64、分散红55、分散红60、Macrolex红H、分散棕27、溶剂蓝67、溶剂蓝70、溶剂红49、溶剂红146、溶剂红160、溶剂黄162、溶剂紫10、溶剂黑29、酸性黄204、酸性黄151、酸性橙60、酸性红182、酸性红357、酸性红359、酸性蓝193、酸性棕355、酸性紫90、酸性黑172、酸性黑194、酸性黑52、酸性黑60、氧化钛(IV)、氧化铁(III)、氧化锌、及其组合中的至少一种。
15.依据前述权利要求之一的方法,其还包括在颜料与取代的活性中间体反应之前、期间或之后,将颗粒研磨至小于约200nm。
16.依据前述权利要求之一的方法,其中所述取代的活性中间体[Y]a-X-(N-S-ZM)b与平衡电荷的抗衡离子结合,所述方法还包括用碱金属、碱土金属、NR1R2R3H+、及其组合中的至少一种对所述抗衡离子进行至少部分取代,其中R1、R2和R3独立地为H或取代或未取代的C1-C5烷基。
17.权利要求16的方法,其中用K+、Li+、NH4 +、单乙醇铵、四乙铵、三乙醇铵、四甲铵、四丁铵、及其组合中的至少一种对所述抗衡离子进行至少部分取代。
18.依据前述权利要求之一的方法,其还包括将所述表面改性颗粒混入水性颗粒分散体中。
19.依据前述权利要求之一的方法,其中X-[Y]n活性基团是氰脲酰氯,而二级化合物N-S-ZM是4-氨基苯甲酸、磺胺酸、4-氨基苯酚盐、牛磺酸、油酸(氨基)、线型聚乙氧基聚胺、线型丙氧基聚胺、或其组合中的至少一种。
20.依据前述权利要求之一的方法,其中所述表面改性颗粒是自分散颗粒。
21.依据前述权利要求之一的方法,其中所述表面改性颗粒中每克颗粒包含约0.1-约0.8mMole的活性氢。
22.依据前述权利要求之一的方法,其中所述表面改性颗粒中每克颗粒中碱金属的总量相当于约0.1-约0.8mMole的活性氢。
23.依据前述权利要求之一的方法,其中所述表面改性颗粒包括染料颗粒。
24.依据权利要求1-22之一的方法,其中表面改性颗粒包括无机颜料颗粒,每克无机颜料颗粒包含约2%-约7%的碳、约0.1%-约2%的氢、和约0.1-约0.5mMole的活性氢。
25.依据权利要求1-22之一的方法,其中所述颗粒包括氧化钛、氧化铁、或氧化锌中的至少一种。
26.依据前述权利要求之一的方法,其中所述活性化合物包括氰脲酰氯,并且所述氰脲酰氯与约三当量的二级化合物或二级化合物的混合物反应,形成取代的活性中间体,所述取代的活性中间体包括取代三嗪。
27.权利要求26的方法,其包括使用自由基引发剂使所述取代三嗪与颗粒的表面反应,形成表面改性颗粒。
28.权利要求27的方法,其中所述自由基引发剂包括过硫酸盐。
29.依据权利要求26-28之一的方法,其中所述二级化合物的混合物可以包括一种、两种、或三种不同的二级化合物。
30.依据前述权利要求之一的方法,其中所述方法在约25℃-约90℃的温度下进行。
31.依据权利要求26-30之一的方法,其中所述二级化合物或二级化合物的混合物包括氨基苯甲酸、氨基苯磺酸、氨基苯酚、氨基磺酸、聚乙氧基氨基酸、磺胺酸钠、磺胺酸、对氨基苯甲酸钠、对氨基苯酚、4-氨基苯甲酸乙酯、4-氨基苯甲酸四甲基铵、4-氨基苯酚钠、牛磺酸、油酸(氨基)、氨基油酸钠、有机聚合基材、线型聚乙氧基聚胺、线型丙氧基聚胺,二氨基芳香化合物、聚乙烯亚胺、聚胍、季铵化合物、或其组合中的至少一种。
32.依据权利要求26-31之一的方法,其中所述二级化合物或二级化合物的混合物包括氨基苯甲酸、磺胺酸、或其盐中的至少一种。
33.依据权利要求26-32之一的方法,其还包括在颗粒与取代三嗪反应之前、期间或之后,将颗粒研磨至小于约200nm。
34.依据前述权利要求之一的方法,其中所述颗粒包括染料颗粒。
35.依据前述权利要求之一的方法,其中所述颗粒包括分散蓝14、分散蓝19、分散蓝72、分散蓝334、分散蓝359、分散蓝360、分散橙25、分散黄54、分散黄64、分散红55、分散红60、Macrolex红H、分散棕27、溶剂蓝67、溶剂蓝70、溶剂红49、溶剂红146、溶剂红160、溶剂黄162、溶剂紫10、溶剂黑29、酸性黄204、酸性黄151、酸性橙60、酸性红182、酸性红357、酸性红359、酸性蓝193、酸性棕355、酸性紫90、酸性黑172、酸性黑194、酸性黑52、酸性黑60、氧化钛(IV)、氧化铁(III)、和氧化锌、及其组合中的至少一种。
36.依据前述权利要求之一的方法,其中所述颗粒包括添加剂。
37.对颗粒改性的方法,所述方法包括:
将活性化合物基团结合在颗粒的表面上,所述颗粒包括染料颗粒、无机颜料颗粒、添加剂、或其组合中的至少一种;和
随后用具有可电离端基的有机基材置换活性基团,
其中所述颗粒选自分散蓝14、分散蓝19、分散蓝72、分散蓝334、分散蓝359、分散蓝360、分散橙25、分散黄54、分散黄64、分散红55、分散红60、Macrolex红H、分散棕27、溶剂蓝67、溶剂蓝70、溶剂红49、溶剂红146、溶剂红160、溶剂黄162、溶剂紫10、溶剂黑29、酸性黄204、酸性黄151、酸性橙60、酸性红182、酸性红357、酸性红359、酸性蓝193、酸性棕355、酸性紫90、酸性黑172、酸性黑194、酸性黑52、酸性黑60、氧化钛(IV)、氧化铁(III)、和氧化锌。
38.对颗粒改性的方法,所述方法包括:
将活性基团X-Y结合在颗粒的表面上,所述颗粒包括染料颗粒、无机颜料颗粒、添加剂、或其组合中的至少一种;和
随后用有机基材N-S-ZM置换Y,形成结合了X-N-S-ZM的表面改性颗粒;
其中X是磺酰基、磷酰基、或1,3,5-三嗪基;
Y是氟、氯、溴、或碘;
N是胺、亚胺、吡啶、或巯基;
S是取代或未取代的烷基、芳基、或分子量为约300-约8000的聚合物链;
Z是羧基、磺酰基、酚基、磷酰基、铵基团、三甲基铵基团、或三丁基铵基团;和
M是卤素离子、负电荷离子、盐形式的质子、或盐形式的阳离子。
39.权利要求38的方法,其中X是1,3,5-三嗪基。
40.表面改性颗粒,其包括:
每克颗粒中具有约0.1-约0.8mMole的活性氢的染料颗粒、无机颜料颗粒、添加剂、或其组合。
41.表面改性颗粒,其包含:
染料颗粒、无机颜料颗粒、添加剂、或其组合中的至少一种,和每克颗粒中总量相当于约0.1-约0.8mMole的活性氢的碱金属。
42.权利要求41的表面改性颗粒,其中所述颗粒包含染料颗粒。
43.权利要求41的表面改性颗粒,其中所述颗粒包含无机颜料颗粒,每克无机颜料颗粒包含约2%-约7%的碳、约0.1%-约2%的氢、和约0.1-约0.5mMole的活性氢。
44.权利要求43的表面改性颗粒,其中所述颗粒包括氧化钛、氧化铁、或氧化锌中的至少一种。
45.改性颗粒,其包含:
染料颗粒、无机颜料颗粒、添加剂、或其组合中的至少一种;和
与其结合的包含(N-S-ZM)的基团,其中
N是亲核基团;
S是有机基团;和
ZM是可电离端基。
46.权利要求45的改性颗粒,其中N是胺、亚胺、吡啶、或巯基,S取代或未取代的烷基、取代或未取代的芳基、或具有约1-超过100个碳的或分子量为约300-约20000的聚合物链,Z是氢、羧基、磺酰基、酚基、膦酰基、铵基团、三甲铵基团、或三丁铵基团,而M是抗衡离子。
47.权利要求45-46之一的改性颗粒,其中基团(N-S-ZM)包括氨基苯甲酸、氨基苯磺酸、氨基苯酚、氨基磺酸、聚乙氧基氨基酸、磺胺酸钠、磺胺酸、对氨基苯甲酸钠、对氨基苯酚、4-氨基苯甲酸乙酯、牛磺酸、油酸(氨基)、4-氨基苯甲酸四甲基铵、4-氨基苯酚钠、氨基油酸钠、有机聚合基材、及其组合中的至少一种。
48.木材染料、涂料、修正液、记号笔、喷墨油墨、滤色器、化妆品配制品、或织物印花油墨,其包含前述权利要求之一的表面改性颗粒,或通过前述权利要求之一产生的表面改性颗粒。
49.权利要求48的织物印花油墨,其中所述油墨包括转印油墨。
50.权利要求48的织物印花油墨,其中所述油墨包括直接印刷油墨。
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- 2010-04-07 AU AU2010234392A patent/AU2010234392A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2010-04-07 KR KR1020117026383A patent/KR20110135989A/ko not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2010-04-07 CN CN2010800253109A patent/CN102858886A/zh active Pending
- 2010-04-07 WO PCT/US2010/030311 patent/WO2010118187A2/en active Application Filing
- 2010-04-07 EP EP10714738A patent/EP2417202A2/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2010-04-07 JP JP2012504842A patent/JP2012523479A/ja active Pending
- 2010-04-07 CA CA2757928A patent/CA2757928A1/en not_active Abandoned
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WO2008055244A2 (en) * | 2006-10-31 | 2008-05-08 | Sensient Colors Inc. | Modified pigments and methods for making and using the same |
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Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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CN107778923A (zh) * | 2016-08-30 | 2018-03-09 | 江苏吉华化工有限公司 | 一种超细分散染料的制造方法 |
CN109651610A (zh) * | 2017-10-10 | 2019-04-19 | 户田工业株式会社 | 苯胺黑和使用该苯胺黑的树脂组合物以及分散体 |
CN107648072A (zh) * | 2017-10-27 | 2018-02-02 | 广州神采化妆品有限公司 | 一种具有提亮效果、慕丝质感的化妆品及其制备方法 |
CN107648072B (zh) * | 2017-10-27 | 2020-02-04 | 广州神采化妆品有限公司 | 一种具有提亮效果、慕丝质感的化妆品及其制备方法 |
CN109867983A (zh) * | 2019-03-12 | 2019-06-11 | 浙江纳美新材料股份有限公司 | 利用金属催化剂的纳米颜料分散性提高方法 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
KR20110135989A (ko) | 2011-12-20 |
JP2012523479A (ja) | 2012-10-04 |
AU2010234392A1 (en) | 2011-10-27 |
CA2757928A1 (en) | 2010-10-14 |
US20100251932A1 (en) | 2010-10-07 |
EP2417202A2 (en) | 2012-02-15 |
WO2010118187A2 (en) | 2010-10-14 |
WO2010118187A3 (en) | 2011-09-22 |
US9221986B2 (en) | 2015-12-29 |
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