CN102859314A - 集成式零件温度测量系统 - Google Patents

集成式零件温度测量系统 Download PDF

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CN102859314A
CN102859314A CN201180006397XA CN201180006397A CN102859314A CN 102859314 A CN102859314 A CN 102859314A CN 201180006397X A CN201180006397X A CN 201180006397XA CN 201180006397 A CN201180006397 A CN 201180006397A CN 102859314 A CN102859314 A CN 102859314A
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aacmm
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克拉克·H·布里格斯
保罗·C·阿特韦尔
奥兰多·佩雷斯
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Faro Technologies Inc
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Abstract

示例性实施例包括一种便携式铰接臂坐标测量机，该铰接臂坐标测量机包括：具有相对的第一端和第二端的可人工定位的铰接臂，该臂包括多个相连接的臂段，每个臂段包括用于产生位置信号的至少一个位置传感器；附接至铰接臂坐标测量机的第一端的测量装置；电子电路，用于接收来自位置传感器的位置信号并且用于提供与测量装置的位置对应的数据；设置在该铰接臂坐标测量机上的至少一个传感器元件，能够对电磁辐射作出响应并且响应于物体的温度而产生电信号；以及电子系统，将电信号转换成温度值。

Description

集成式零件温度测量系统
对相关申请的交叉引用
本申请要求2010年1月20日提交的临时申请第61/296,555号的权益，其全部内容通过引用合并于此。
技术领域
本公开内容涉及一种坐标测量机，更具体地，涉及一种具有被配置成测量物体的温度的集成式零件温度测量系统的便携式铰接臂坐标测量机。
背景技术
便携式铰接臂坐标测量机（AACMM）在零件的制造或生产中已得到广泛应用，其中需要在零件的制造或生产（例如加工）的各种阶段期间迅速且准确地验证零件的尺度。特别是在执行相对复杂零件的尺度测量所花费的时间量方面，便携式AACMM相对于已知的静止或固定的、成本密集的且相对难以使用的测量装置表现出巨大的改进。通常，便携式AACMM的用户简单地沿着待测量的零件或物体的表面导引探头。然后记录并向用户提供测量数据。在一些情况下，在计算机屏幕上以视觉形式（例如三维（3D）形式）向用户提供数据。在其它情况下，以数值形式向用户提供数据，例如当测量孔的直径时，在计算机屏幕上显示文字“直径=1.0034”。
在通过整体引用合并于此的第5,402,582号共同转让美国专利（‘582）中公开了现有技术的便携式铰接臂CMM的例子。‘582专利公开了一种包括手动操作的铰接臂CMM的3D测量系统，该CMM在一端具有支撑基部而在另一端具有测量探头。通过整体引用合并于此的第5,611,147号共同转让美国专利（‘147）中公开了类似的铰接臂CMM。在‘147专利中，铰接臂CMM包括多个特征（这些特征包括探头端部的附加旋转轴）、由此提供具有二-二-二或二-二-三轴构造的臂（后一种情况为七轴臂）。
需要的是一种能够测量物体的温度以及与那些温度对应的坐标的设备和方法。
发明内容
一些示例性实施例包括一种便携式铰接臂坐标测量机，该铰接臂坐标测量机包括：具有相对的第一端和第二端的可人工定位的铰接臂，该臂包括多个相连接的臂段，每个臂段包括用于产生位置信号的至少一个位置传感器；附接至铰接臂坐标测量机的第一端的测量装置；电子电路，用于接收来自位置传感器的位置信号并且用于提供与测量装置的位置对应的数据；设置在该铰接臂坐标测量机上的至少一个传感器元件，能够对电磁辐射作出响应并且响应于物体的温度而产生电信号；以及电子系统，将电信号转换成温度值。
另一些示例性实施例包括一种实施便携式铰接臂坐标测量机的方法，该方法包括：利用设置在便携式铰接臂坐标测量机上的集成式温度测量系统来测量物体的温度值，其中，集成式温度测量系统能够对随着物体的温度而变化的电磁辐射作出响应，便携式铰接臂坐标测量机包括：具有相对的第一端和第二端的可人工定位的铰接臂，该臂包括多个相连接的臂段，每个臂段包括用于产生位置信号的至少一个位置传感器；附接至铰接臂坐标测量机的第一端的测量装置；以及接收来自位置传感器的位置信号并且提供与测量装置的位置对应的数据的电子电路，在电子电路中接收温度值，并且在用户接口上显示温度值。
又一些示例性实施例包括一种用于实施便携式铰接臂坐标测量机的计算机程序产品，该计算机程序产品包括存储介质，存储介质包含有计算机可读程序代码，计算机可读程序代码在被计算机执行时使得计算机实施包括以下步骤的方法：利用设置在便携式铰接臂坐标测量机上的集成式温度测量系统来测量物体的温度值，其中，集成式温度测量系统能够对随着物体的温度而变化的电磁辐射作出响应，便携式铰接臂坐标测量机包括：具有相对的第一端和第二端的可人工定位的铰接臂，该臂包括多个相连接的臂段，每个臂段包括用于产生位置信号的至少一个位置传感器；附接至铰接臂坐标测量机的第一端的测量装置；以及接收来自位置传感器的位置信号并且提供与测量装置的位置对应的数据的电子电路，在电子电路中接收温度值；并且在用户接口上显示温度值。
附图说明
现在参照附图示出了多个示例性实施例，这些示例性实施例不应当被解释为对于本公开内容的整个范围的限制，并且其中，在多个不同图中对元件同样地编号：
包括图1A和1B的图1是其中具有本发明的各个方面的实施例的便携式铰接臂坐标测量机（AACMM）的立体图；
包括合起来看的图2A-2D的图2是被用作根据一个实施例的图1中的AACMM的一部分的电子器件的框图；
包括合起来看的图3A和3B的图3是描述了根据一个实施例的图2中的电子数据处理系统的详细特征的框图；
图4图示了其中操作者可检测由AACMM测得的物体中的温度和温度改变的示例性图形用户接口的屏幕截图；以及
图5是根据示例性实施例的用于测量温度的方法的流程图。
具体实施方式
示例性实施例包括用于利用铰接臂坐标测量机（AACMM）将物体的温度作为物体上的位置的函数来测量并且向操作者提供温度数据的系统和方法。在一些实施例中。AACMM或者与AACMM关联的软件向操作者提供关于温度的视觉信息。它也可以提供音频或视觉警报或警告。在其它实施例中，使用温度信息来校正由AACMM进行的尺度测量。为了作出这样的校正，AACMM的用户提供关于正被测量的材料的热膨胀系数（CTE）的信息。经常地，规范记载了处于标准温度（通常20℃）的尺度，而正被测量的物体处于另一温度。通过知道物体温度和CTE，测得的尺度可依照标准温度被规格化。这里描述的系统和方法也可以用来检查物体是否处于热平衡（例如，零件可能最近已被加工、焊接或者从外界移动并且可能不处于均匀温度）。这样，这里描述的系统和方法确定尺度测量是否有效。
另外，温度测量可以被用作其自身的目的。在示例性实施例中，这里描述的系统和方法可在3D中映射物体的温度。例如，用户可能想要在正常和110%的全负荷条件下映射柴油机表面的温度。作为另一例子，用户可能想要映射加载在印刷电路板上的电部件的温度以及印刷电路板附接至的机械结构的温度。这样的测量可用来例如确定特定电部件是否需要附加的热沉。它还可以被用作有限元模型的一部分来辅助工程师验证或改进他们的设计。
图1A和1B立体地示出了根据本发明的各种实施例的便携式铰接臂坐标测量机（AACMM）100，其中铰接臂是一种类型的坐标测量机。如图1A和1B所示，示例性AACMM 100可以包括六轴或七轴铰接测量装置，该铰接测量装置具有耦接至AACMM 100的臂部分104的一端的测量探头壳102。臂部分104包括第一臂段106，第一组轴承盒110（例如，两个轴承盒）将第一臂段106耦接至第二臂段108。第二组轴承盒112（例如，两个轴承盒）将第二臂段108耦接至测量探头壳102。第三组轴承盒114（例如，三个轴承盒）将第一臂段106耦接至位于AACMM 100的臂部分104的另一端的基部116。每组轴承盒110、112、114都提供了铰接移动的多个轴。此外，测量探头壳102可以包括AACMM 100的第七轴部分的轴杆（例如，AACMM 100的第七轴上的包含确定测量装置（例如，探头118）的移动的编码器系统的盒）。在使用AACMM 100时，基部116通常固定至工作表面。
每个轴承盒组110、112、114内的每个轴承盒通常包含编码器系统（例如，光学角度编码器系统）。编码器系统（即，传感器）提供各自臂段106、108和对应轴承盒组110、112、114的位置的指示，它们合起来提供探头118相对于基部116的位置（以及因此正被AACMM 100测量的物体在某个参照系—例如局部或全局参照系中的位置）的指示。臂段106、108可以由适当刚性的材料制成，比如但不限于例如碳复合材料。具有铰接移动的六个或七个轴（即，自由度）的便携式AACMM 100提供了如下优点：在提供可以由操作者容易地操纵的臂部分104的同时，允许操作者将探头118定位在绕着基部116的360°区域内的期望区位。然而，应当理解，具有两个臂段106、108的臂部分104的图示是为了示例的目的，所要求保护的本发明应当不限于此。AACMM 100可以具有由轴承盒耦接在一起的任何数目的臂段（并因此具有多于或少于六个或七个的铰接移动的轴或自由度）。
探头118可拆卸地安装至测量探头壳102，测量探头壳102连接至轴承盒组112。柄126可经由例如快速连接接口相对于测量探头壳102被移除。柄126可以被其它装置（例如，激光线探头、条形码阅读器）替换，由此提供允许操作者将不同测量装置与同一AACMM 100一起使用的优点。在示例性实施例中，探头壳102容纳可移除的探头118，可移除的探头118是接触式测量装置并且可以具有与要测量的物体物理接触的不同尖端118，包括但不限于：球型、触敏型、弯曲型和延伸型探头。在其它实施例中，测量是例如由诸如激光线探头（LLP）的非接触式装置执行的。在一个实施例中，使用快速连接接口来将柄126替换为LLP。其它类型的测量装置可以替换可移除的柄126以提供附加功能。这样的测量装置的例子包括但不限于例如一个或多个照明灯、温度传感器、热扫描器、条形码扫描器、投影仪、涂料喷洒器、相机等。
如图1A和1B所示，AACMM 100包括可移除的柄126，可移除的柄126提供了允许在不将测量探头壳102从轴承盒组112移除的情况下改变附件或功能的优点。如下面关于图2更详细地讨论的，可移除的柄126还可以包括允许与柄126交换电力和数据的电连接器以及对应的位于探头端中的电子器件。
在各种实施例中，每组轴承盒110、112、114都允许AACMM 100的臂部分104绕着多个旋转轴移动。如所提到的，每个轴承盒组110、112、114都包括对应的编码器系统比如光学角度编码器，所述编码器系统每个都与例如臂段106、108的对应旋转轴同轴地布置。如在下面更详细地描述的，光学编码器系统检测例如臂段106、108中的每一个臂段绕着对应轴的旋转（转体（swivel））或横向（铰链）移动，并且将信号发送至AACMM100内的电子数据处理系统。每个单独的原始编码器计数作为信号被分别发送至电子数据处理系统，在此，它被进一步处理成测量数据。如共同转让的美国专利第5,402,582号（‘582）中所公开的，不需要与AACMM 100自身分开的位置计算器（例如，串行盒）。
基部116可以包括附接装置或安装装置120。安装装置120允许AACMM 100可拆卸地安装至期望区位，例如检验台、加工中心、墙壁或地面。在一个实施例中，基部116包括柄部分122，柄部分122提供便于使操作者当AACMM 100正被移动时保持基部116的区位。在一个实施例中，基部116进一步包括向下折叠以使诸如显示屏的用户接口显露的可移动的盖部分124。
根据一个实施例，便携式AACMM 100的基部116包含或容纳包括以下两个主要部件的电子数据处理系统：对来自AACMM 100内的各种编码器系统的数据以及表示用以支持三维（3D）位置计算的其它臂参数的数据进行处理的基部处理系统；以及包括板上操作系统、触摸屏显示器和驻留应用软件的用户接口处理系统，该驻留应用软件允许在不需要连接至外部计算机的情况下在AACMM 100内实施相对完整的计量功能。
基部116中的电子数据处理系统可以与远离基部116的编码器系统、传感器和其它外围硬件（例如，可安装至AACMM 100上的可移除的柄126的LLP）通信。支持这些外围硬件装置或特征的电子器件可以处于位于便携式AACMM 100内的轴承盒组110、112、114中的每一组中。
图2是根据一个实施例的AACMM 100中所使用的电子器件的框图。图2中所示的实施例包括电子数据处理系统210，电子数据处理系统210包括用于实施基部处理系统的基部处理器板204、用户接口板202、用于提供电力的基部电力板206、蓝牙模块232和基部倾斜板208。用户接口板202包括用于执行应用软件以执行此处描述的用户接口、显示和其它功能的计算机处理器。
如图2中所示，电子数据处理系统210经由一个或多个臂总线218与前述的多个编码器系统通信。在图2中所描绘的实施例中，每个编码器系统生成编码器数据，并且包括：编码器臂总线接口214、编码器数字信号处理器（DSP）216、编码器读取头接口234和温度传感器212。诸如应变传感器的其它装置可以附接到臂总线218。
图2中还示出了与臂总线218通信的探头端电子器件230。探头端电子器件230包括探头端DSP 228、温度传感器212、柄/LLP接口总线240和探头接口226，在一个实施例中，柄/LLP接口总线240经由快速连接接口与柄126或LLP 242连接。快速连接接口允许通过柄126访问由LLP242和其它附件使用的数据总线、控制线和电力总线。在一个实施例中，探头端电子器件230位于AACMM 100上的测量探头壳102中。在一个实施例中，可以从快速连接接口移除柄126，并且可以由经由柄/LLP接口总线240与AACMM 100的探头端电子器件230通信的激光线探头（LLP）242来执行测量。在一个实施例中，电子数据处理系统210位于AACMM 100的基部116中，探头端电子器件239位于AACMM 100的测量探头壳102中，且编码器系统位于轴承盒组110、112、114中。探头接口226可以通过任何适合的通信协议与探头端DSP 228连接，所述通信协议包括在商业上可从Maxim Integrated Products有限公司获得的、实施1-线
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通信协议236的产品。
图3是描述了根据一个实施例的AACMM 100的电子数据处理系统210的详细特征的框图。在一个实施例中，电子数据处理系统210位于AACMM 100的基部116中，并且包括基部处理器板204、用户接口板202、基部电力板206、蓝牙模块232和基部倾斜模块208。
在图3中所示的实施例中，基部处理器板204包括其中所示的各种功能块。例如，基部处理器功能302被用来支持对来自AACMM 100的测量数据的收集，并且经由臂总线218和总线控制模块功能308接收原始臂数据（例如，编码器系统数据）。存储器功能304存储程序和静态臂配置数据。基部处理器板204还包括用于与任何外部硬件装置或附件比如LLP242通信的外部硬件选项端口功能310。实时时钟（RTC）和日志306、电池组接口（IF）316以及诊断端口318也包含在图3中所描绘的基部处理器板204的一个实施例中的功能中。
基部处理器板204还对与外部（主计算机）装置和内部（显示处理器202）装置的所有有线和无线数据通信进行管理。基部处理器板204具有如下能力：经由以太网功能320（例如，使用时钟同步标准比如电气和电子工程师协会（IEEE）1588）与以太网通信、经由LAN功能322与无线局域网（WLAN）通信、以及经由并行-串行通信（PSC）功能314与蓝牙模块232通信。基部处理器板204还包括与通用串行总线（USB）装置312的连接。
比如前述‘582专利的串行盒中所公开的，基部处理器板204发送和收集原始测量数据（例如，编码器系统计数、温度读数）以便处理成测量数据而无需任何预处理。基部处理器204将经处理的数据经由RS485接口（IF）326发送至用户接口板202上的显示处理器328。在一个实施例中，基部处理器204还将原始测量数据发送至外部计算机。
现在转向图3中的用户接口板202，在显示处理器328上执行的应用利用由基部处理器接收到的角度和位置数据来提供AACMM 100内的自主计量系统。可以在显示处理器328上执行应用以支持诸如但不限于特征的测量、指导和训练图形、远程诊断、温度校正、各种工作特征的控制、与各种网络的连接以及被测量的物体的显示的功能。连同显示处理器328和液晶显示器（LCD）338（例如，触摸屏LCD）用户接口一起，用户接口板202还包括若干接口选项，这些接口选项包括安全数字（SD）卡接口330、存储器332、USB主机接口334、诊断端口336、相机端口340、音频/视频接口342、拨号/蜂窝调制解调器344和全球定位系统（GPS）端口346。
图3中所示的电子数据处理系统210还包括具有用于记录环境数据的环境记录器362的基部电力板206。基部电力板206还使用DC/DC转换器358和电池充电器控制360来向电子数据处理系统210提供电力。基部电力板206使用内部集成电路（I2C）串行单端总线354以及经由装置服务提供商接口（DSPI）356来与基部处理器板204通信。基部电力板206经由在基部电力板206中实施的输入/输出（I/O）扩展功能364连接至倾斜传感器和射频标识（RFID）模块208。
尽管示出为多个单独的部件，但在其它实施例中，部件的全部或子集可以物理地位于不同的区位并且/或者可以是以与图3中所示的方式不同的方式相组合的功能。例如，在一个实施例中，基部处理器板204和用户接口板202被组合成一个物理板。
参照图4，对本发明实施例的便携式AACMM 100的改进的另一方面包括在AACMM 100内并入零件温度测量和/或轮廓描绘系统。在本发明的该方面中，正被测量的零件的温度可以被捕捉、与臂数据流集成并且被提供给计量应用软件。该温度可以在校正因零件材料的热膨胀系数导致的尺度改变时使用。可替选地，它可以用来将准确的温度数据作为物体上的位置的函数来提供，由此使温度轮廓能够被准确地映射到计算机辅助设计（CAD）模型上。可以显示温度轮廓440，如图4中所示。温度轮廓440可包括显示被测试的物体的数值温度的数值读出器410或其它图形接口。温度轮廓440可进一步包括被测试的物体中的温度分布的彩色或灰度绘图420。绘图420因此可以在视觉上显示被测试的物体的温度梯度和临界温度。
在此上下文中，临界温度是物体的超过与参考温度值的某个可允许偏差的温度。例如，如果在20℃指定特定物体的尺度，则由AACMM进行的测量的可允许温度范围在特定情况下可以是17-23℃。在该值之外，可以指示操作者将接触式温度传感器比如热敏电阻器直接附接至物体，从而可测量温度并且在数值上进行校正以考虑热膨胀或收缩。类似地，将可以指定例如以百万分之几或微米为单位的临界膨胀。物体的临界膨胀于是将是用户认为过度的材料膨胀或收缩。在可接受范围之外，可以指示用户将接触式温度传感器附接至物体。
可以直接在正被测量的物体的三维表示上显示温度。现代应用软件提供了在显示器上旋转物体的三维表示的能力。这样的显示器可以是物体的CAD模型，或者它可以是如由AACMM 100测得的物体的表示。由AACMM进行的测量可以利用探头118来执行，探头118与物体或者与非接触式装置比如激光线探头或者与接触式和非接触式测量装置的组合直接接触。温度能够以多种方式显示在这样的三维表示上。例如，温度可由灰度、由颜色、由等值线图或者由“胡须（whisker）”表示。胡须是具有与与参考温度的偏差成比例的长度的小突起。
类似地，相对于参考温度处的尺度的热膨胀或收缩可被直接映射到物体的三维表示上。例如，这样的收缩可以用相对改变ΔL/L给出，其中ΔL是局部位置处的某个小长度的改变，而L是该小长度的值。这样的量度是无量纲的并且也可以按百万分之几（ppm）来给出。可通过将物体的CTE乘以与参考值的温度偏差来得到量ΔL/L。可替选地，可以使用相对于一些数据特征比如数据平面或数据点的、以微米或毫米为单位的实际长度改变来绝对地表示热膨胀。可以例如使用颜色、等值线图或胡须来示出无论是相对地还是绝对地给出的热膨胀或收缩的图形表示。
随物体的三维坐标而测量物体的温度或热膨胀在多种方式下有用。如已经讨论的那样，这样的测量可向用户警告温度或热膨胀或收缩在可接受的范围之外，从而可以采取校正动作。在其它情形中，物体的温度轮廓就其自身而言可能令人感兴趣。
该软件还可以使用由示例性温度测量系统提供的温度值来将测得的尺度值依照参考温度直接校正或规格化。用户可以向用户接口中输入关于正被测量的材料的CTE的信息以使该校正能够自动发生。
温度测量系统的示例性实施例可以包括用于将接触式或非接触式远程温度传感器连接至（经由连接器、蓝牙、Wi-Fi或其它协议连接至）AACMM电子器件的装置、以及/或者附接至AACMM 100的臂部分104的附件（例如激光线探头）中或柄126中的集成式红外或其它非接触式温度传感器。还可以包括的是用于对温度测量硬件进行供电、读取和/或控制的接口电子器件、以及用于对温度数据进行格式化并将它经由臂数据通信流传递到在AACMM 100内部或者在外部计算机上运行的应用软件的固件和/或软件。还可以包括的是用于启动和控制温度测量参数的开关或软件控件、以及与AACMM 100集成或者集成在外部计算机上以显示温度数据和控制选项的用户接口。
可以使用对电磁能量作出响应的传感器来制作非接触式温度测量系统。这样的传感器常常被称为红外传感器，尽管可见波长以及红外波长尤其对于热材料而言可能是重要的。对电磁能量作出响应的这样的传感器有多种类型。例如，红外传感器可以是单个检测器（通常在某个红外波长范围内灵敏），或者它可以包括光学检测器阵列。图4示出了利用光学检测器阵列取得的数据的例子，其中每个特定点处的温度由灰度值指示。
一些红外传感器测量在相对窄的光学波长范围内检测到的电磁能量的量。如果材料的发射率已知，则可根据检测到的能量得到任何特定点处的温度。其它类型的红外传感器测量在两个相对窄的光学波长范围内的电磁能量的量。当材料的发射率未知时，这两个能量可用来估计材料的温度。另一种用于当材料的发射率未知时测量材料的温度的方法是将具有已知发射率的参考物体（例如黑盘）放置成与被测试的物体紧密热接触。通过测量由参考物体返回的能量，可获得被测试的物体的温度。一种用于得到材料的发射率的方法是在参考物体附近测量被测试的物体的温度。根据收集到的数据，可估计被测试的物体的发射率。
对电磁能量作出响应的非接触式温度传感器将电磁能量或电力转换成电信号。可以用其它方式对该信号进行放大、滤波或调节。这样的调节可以靠近传感器而发生或者可以在距传感器的某个距离处执行。可以将该信号从模拟转换成数字形式以便通过电线或电总线传输，或者可以无线传输它。可替选地，可以将该电信号以模拟形式传输某个距离。可以利用处理器或其它装置、通过使用方程（例如，基于普朗克定律的方程）分析经数字转换的信号以基于给定的发射率得到物体的温度。可替选地，可以使用处理器、利用例如基于普朗克定律的适当方程来评估诸如上面描述的二色法的其它方法。由于可以用多种方式电处理由传感器元件接收到的电磁信号的转换并且由于可以在AACMM 100之内或之外的不同区位处执行这样的处理，所以我们可以说电系统被用来将来自传感器元件的电信号转换成温度值。如果使用多个传感器元件，则电系统被用来将从它们获得的该多个电信号转换成多个温度。包含在电路内的附加处理元件被用来向显示器提供温度信息。这样的显示器可以集成在AACMM 100内或者AACMM 100之外（例如外部计算机）。
图5是根据示例性实施例的用于测量温度的方法500的流程图，该流程图图示了只要操作者在块530选择测量和显示，AACMM 100就可在块510连续测量温度并且在块520连续显示测量。
将AACMM 100与温度测量系统一起使用是有利的，因为它使温度能够与被测试的物体的坐标直接相关。此外，AACMM 100可以被移动到不同的区位以从所有方向查看物体。然而，由于尺度信息由AACMM 100收集，所以所有温度数据可与如从所有侧看到的物体的坐标直接相关。
现在将描述一种用于将由温度测量系统测得的温度与如由AACMM100测得的物体的坐标关联的方法。作为得到物体温度的一种方式而测量电磁能量的传感器可以包括单个传感器元件或多个传感器元件。常见类型的传感器具有传感器元件阵列。在任何特定时间，每个传感器元件在AACMM 100的局部参照系中具有特定位置。另外，每个传感器元件在AACMM 100的局部参照系中具有唯一的线。该线从传感器元件经过位于传感器元件前方的透镜系统的有效中心而延伸。该线与物体相交于的点是由物体的局部温度导致的电磁能量朝着传感器元件投影所绕着的点。对于多个传感器元件，来自特定传感器元件的每个线与物体相交于不同的位置。
可通过将物体定位于三维空间中、然后得到从特定传感器元件延伸的线与物体相交于的点来得到与物体上的特定温度对应的三维空间中的点的坐标。一种用于建立物体在三维空间中的位置的方式是利用AACMM100的测量装置中的一个或多个来测量物体上的至少三个非共线点。这些点可以是可清晰地标识的特定特征。例如，点可以是球体的中心或者三个边相交于的拐角。
在许多情形中，CAD模型可供正被测量的物体使用。在此情形中，可以使CAD模型覆盖三个测得的特征（点）以获得匹配。在一些其它情形中，物体可以具有简单形状——例如平面或球体。这种简单形状可与至少三个测得的点拟合。在又一些其它情形中，物体的形状可能不是已知的。在此情况下，AACMM的测量装置可以用来测量物体上的足够点以建立物体的形状。在所有这些情形中，由AACMM进行的测量使得温度数据到物体的尺度表示上的映射成为可能。
为了与非接触式温度传感器一起使用而提供的软件可以驻留于铰接臂自身内或者外部计算机中驻留的应用软件内。除了在显示器上显示测得的温度以外，软件还可以提供一种用于使用户补偿非接触式温度传感器或者输入关于正被测量的材料的发射率的信息的方式。
如上文说明的那样，除了非接触式温度传感器以外或者代替非接触式温度传感器，可以使用接触式温度传感器。一种类型的接触式传感器附接到工件。能够以相对高的准确度——在一些情形中为+/-0.1℃或更好来获得接触式传感器。无论AACMM 100的位置如何，接触式传感器都可以连续测量工件表面上的给定点的温度。接触式温度传感器内的感测元件可以包括热敏电阻器、RTD、热电偶或其它装置。完整的温度感测装置除了感测元件以外通常还包含电子器件和电缆。如果正被测量的物体（工件）由铁磁材料比如钢制成，则温度传感器可以使用磁体来耦接至工件。温度传感器可以使用流体或粘合剂（例如热油脂或热环氧树脂）来附接至工件。可替选地，温度传感器可以使用粘合带来附接至材料。
接触式温度传感器的一个重要用途是校正工件的相对于参考温度的热膨胀。为了作出该校正，有必要知道材料的CTE以及工件相对于参考温度的温度改变。在许多情形中，被测试的物体的温度在物体的体积内接近均匀。在此情况下，将单个温度传感器附接至工件可能是足够的。在其它情形中，将多个温度传感器附接至一个或多个工件可能是所希望的。
可以将温度传感器插入到诸如USB端口312的线-线端口中，或者可以借助于例如蓝牙模块232将温度传感器附接至无线端口。可替选地，可以将来自感测元件的电信号以模拟形式递送至铰接臂，在该处，例如在基部处理器板204上的电路将信号转换成数字温度值。可以将测得的温度值递送至用户接口板202，或者可以将它递送至外部计算机。
AACMM 100的用户可以向用户接口板202中输入正被测试的工件的CTE，或者用户可以输入用于被测试的工件的不同部分的一定范围的CTE值。用户也可以向用户接口中输入常常为20℃的参考温度。用户接口板202可以处理数据以便在AACMM 100内的显示器338上查看。可替选地，它可以向外部计算机导出数据。
用户接口板202或外部计算机可以按许多方式使用温度数据。例如，可以计算膨胀因子=1+（测得的温度–参考温度）*CTE。膨胀因子也等于（L+ΔL）/L，其中L是长度而ΔL是对应的长度改变。用户接口板202或外部计算机可以使用膨胀因子或者组合了测得的温度、参考温度和CTE的效应的任何其它因子。可使用膨胀因子的一种简单且重要的方式是计算依照参考温度规格化后的工件的尺度。用户接口板202可以使计算出的尺度参考全局参照系或者参考关于工件的数据。以此方式，能够得到并且用图形视觉化工件在任何两点之间的膨胀。可对从任何测量装置——例如接触式探头118或LLP 242获得的点作出用于考虑热膨胀的校正。
假设操作者想要利用AACMM 100测量工件上的点、然后在全局坐标系中显示依照参考温度规格化后的结果。如果尚未建立全局坐标系，则操作者可以测量三个或更多个非共线点作为一种用AACMM 100的局部坐标系建立全局坐标系的x、y和z轴的方式。根据该相同数据，可建立数学变换以将探头118或LLP 242在AACMM 100的局部坐标系中测得的任何坐标转换成全局坐标系。例如，可以通过执行旋转和平移的4x4变换矩阵来执行变换。这样的变换为本领域普通技术人员所公知并且将不进一步讨论。为了将显示在全局坐标系中的坐标值依照参考温度加以规格化，将点的三个测得的值x、y和z中的每一个乘以使用上文描述的方法获得的膨胀因子。可在显示器338上示出或者向外部计算机发送规格化后的坐标值以便显示或进一步处理。向外部计算机发送规格化后的数据的一个优点在于操作者可确信用户接口板202已正确地执行温度校正。这可通过使得不需要针对与AACMM 100一起使用的每种类型的应用软件验证规格化计算的准确度来节省时间。
如果CAD数据可得到，则可以将如由AACMM 100测得的工件尺度依照参考温度加以规格化、然后与具有在同一温度处指定的尺度的CAD模型相比较。可以例如使用颜色、灰度、等值线图或胡须在显示器338上或者在外部计算机上示出与指定值的尺度偏差。
在一些情形中，将多个接触式温度传感器附接至一个或多个工件可能是所希望的。一种这样做的方法是将该多个温度传感器复用到AACMM100的一个端口（线-线或无线端口）中、然后依次收集温度读数。一种可替选方法是将每个温度传感器附接至AACMM 100上的不同端口。
技术效果和益处包括连续测量正由AACMM 100测量的物体的温度和温度改变的能力。这样，可以向操作者警告改变，并且操作者可以采取校正动作。这样的动作可以包括将被测试的物体移动至更合适的测量环境或者给予物体达到热平衡的时间。可替选地，可以使用软件来规格化测试结果以考虑被测试的物体的温度和CTE。另外，还可以使用非接触式温度传感器、通过将物体的温度作为物体上的位置的函数来测量来进行作为其自身目的的测量。由AACMM 100提供的尺度信息可用来将测得的温度准确地映射到被测试的物体的CAD模型上。这对于工程师在确定是否需要改变设计时以及在提供用于有限元模型的准确信息时有用。
本领域技术人员将理解，本发明的各方面可以被实施为系统、方法或计算机程序产品。因此，本发明的各方面可以采取完全硬件实施例的形式、完全软件实施例（包括固件、驻留软件、微代码等）的形式或者结合软件方面和硬件方面（在此全部通常可以称为“电路”、“模块”或“系统”）的实施例的形式。此外，本发明的各方面还可以采取以一个或多个包括计算机可读程序代码的计算机可读介质实现的计算机程序产品的形式。
可以采用一个或多个计算机可读介质的任何组合。计算机可读介质可以是计算机可读信号介质或者计算机可读存储介质。计算机可读存储介质可以是例如但不限于电子、磁、光、电磁、红外或半导体系统、设备或装置、或者前述的任何适当组合。计算机可读介质的更具体的示例（非详尽的列表）可以包括以下各项：具有一条或多个导线的电连接、便携式计算机磁盘、硬盘、随机存取存储器（RAM）、只读存储器（ROM）、可擦除可编程只读存储器（EPROM或闪存）、光纤、便携式光盘只读存储器（CD-ROM）、光存储装置、磁存储装置或前述的任何适当组合。在本文档的上下文中，计算机可读存储介质可以是任何有形介质，该有形介质可以包含或存储供指令执行系统、设备或装置使用的或者与指令执行系统、设备或装置结合的程序。
计算机可读信号介质可以包括包含有计算机可读程序代码的传播数据信号，例如，在基带中或者作为载波的一部分。这样的传播信号可以采用各种形式，包括但不限于电磁、光学或其任何适当的组合。计算机可读信号介质可以是任何计算机可读介质，其不是计算机可读存储介质并且可以传递、传播或传输供指令执行系统、设备或装置使用的或者与指令执行系统、设备或装置结合的程序。
可以使用任何适当的介质来传送在计算机可读介质上实现的程序代码，这些适当的介质包括但不限于无线、有线、光纤线缆、RF等或前述的任何适当组合。
用于实现本发明的各方面的操作的计算机程序代码能够以一种或多种编程语言的任何组合来编写，这些编程语言包括面向目标编程语言（诸如，Java、Smalltalk、C++、C#等）以及传统的过程化编程语言（诸如，“C”编程语言或者类似的编程语言）。程序代码可以完全在用户的计算机上运行、部分在用户的计算机上运行、作为独立的软件包运行、部分在用户的计算机上而部分在远程计算机上运行、或者完全在远程计算机或服务器上运行。在后者的情况下，远程计算机可以通过任何类型的网络（包括局域网（LAN）或广域网（WAN））连接至用户的计算机，或者可以（例如，利用因特网服务提供方、通过因特网）连接至外部计算机。
参照根据本发明的实施例的方法、设备（系统）和计算机程序产品的流程图和/或框图描述本发明的各方面。将理解的是，流程图和/或框图中的每个框以及流程图和/或框图中的框的组合可以通过计算机程序指令来实现。
可以将这些计算机程序指令提供给通用计算机、专用计算机的或其它可编程数据处理设备的处理器以制造机器，以使得经由计算机或其它可编程数据处理设备的处理器执行的指令创建用于实现流程图和/或一个或多个框图的框中所指定的功能/动作的手段。这些计算机程序指令还可以存储在计算机可读介质中，其中该计算机可读介质可以引导计算机、其它可编程数据处理设备或其它装置以特定方式运行，以使得存储在计算机可读介质中的指令产生包括实现流程图和/或一个或多个框图的框中所指定的功能/动作的指令的制品。
计算机程序指令还还可以加载到计算机、其它可编程数据处理设备或其它装置上，以使得在计算机、其它可编程设备或其它装置上执行一系列操作步骤从而产生计算机实现的处理，以使得在计算机或其它可编程设备上运行的指令提供用于实现流程图和/或一个或多个框图的框中所指定的功能/动作的处理。
附图中的流程图和框图示出了根据本发明的各个实施例的系统、方法和计算机程序产品的可能实施的体系结构、功能和操作。在这点上，流程图或框图中的每个框都可以表示代码的模块、段或部分，其中代码包括用于实现所指定的逻辑功能的一条或多个可执行指令。还应该注意，在一些可替选实施中，框中所提到的功能可以不按照图中所提到的顺序来发生。例如，根据所涉及的功能，实际上可以基本同时实现相继示出的两个框，或者有时可以按倒序实现框。还将注意的是，框图和/或流程图中的每个框以及框图和/或流程图中的框的组合可以通过执行特定功能或动作的基于专用硬件的系统或者专用硬件与计算机指令的组合来实现。
尽管已经参照示例实施例描述了本发明，但是本领域技术人员将理解的是，在不背离本发明的范围的情况下可以进行各种改变并且等效物可以替代本发明的要素。此外，在不背离本发明的基本范围的情况下可以进行许多修改以使具体情况或材料适于本发明的教导。因此，本发明不限于作为实施本发明所预期的最佳模式所公开的特定实施例，而是本发明将包括落入在所附权利要求的范围内的全部实施例。此外，术语第一、第二等的使用不表示任何顺序或重要性，而是术语第一、第二等用于将一个要素与另一个要素相区分。此外，术语“一个”等的使用不表示对数目的限制，而是表示存在至少一个所提及的项目。

Claims (22)

1.一种便携式铰接臂坐标测量机（AACMM），包括：
具有相对的第一端和第二端的可人工定位的铰接臂，所述臂包括多个相连接的臂段，每个所述臂段包括用于产生位置信号的至少一个位置传感器；
附接至所述AACMM的第一端的测量装置；
电子电路，所述电子电路用于接收来自所述位置传感器的所述位置信号并且用于提供与所述测量装置的位置对应的数据；
设置在所述AACMM上的至少一个传感器元件，所述至少一个传感器元件能够对电磁辐射作出响应并且响应于物体的温度而产生电信号；以及
电子系统，所述电子系统将所述电信号转换成温度值。
2.如权利要求1所述的AACMM，其中，所述电子电路被配置成显示所述温度值。
3.如权利要求2所述的AACMM，进一步包括被配置成在绘图中显示多个温度值的用户接口。
4.如权利要求1所述的AACMM，进一步包括被配置成将所述温度值与所述物体的坐标关联的处理器。
5.如权利要求4所述的AACMM，其中，所述处理器被进一步配置成使用由所述测量装置测得的至少三个点的坐标。
6.如权利要求5所述的AACMM，其中，所述处理器被进一步配置成将CAD模型覆盖到所述至少三个点上。
7.如权利要求5所述的AACMM，其中，所述处理器被进一步配置成将给定的几何形状覆盖到所述至少三个点上。
8.如权利要求3所述的AACMM，其中，所述处理器被进一步配置成将所述多个温度值绘制为所述物体上的位置的函数。
9.如权利要求8所述的AACMM，其中，所述处理器被进一步配置成将所述多个温度值绘制到所述物体的三维表示上。
10.如权利要求9所述的AACMM，其中，所述处理器被进一步配置成利用灰度、颜色、等值线或胡须表示所述温度值。
11.一种实施便携式铰接臂坐标测量机（AACMM）的方法，所述方法包括：
利用设置在所述便携式AACMM上的集成式温度测量系统来测量物体的温度值，其中，所述集成式温度测量系统能够对随着所述物体的温度而变化的电磁辐射作出响应，所述便携式AACMM包括：具有相对的第一端和第二端的可人工定位的铰接臂，所述臂包括多个相连接的臂段，每个臂段包括用于产生位置信号的至少一个位置传感器；附接至所述AACMM的第一端的测量装置；以及接收来自所述位置传感器的所述位置信号并且提供与所述测量装置的位置对应的数据的电子电路；
在所述电子电路中接收所述温度值；并且
在用户接口上显示所述温度值。
12.如权利要求11所述的方法，其中，所述用户接口设置在所述AACMM上。
13.如权利要求11所述的方法，其中，所述用户接口在绘图中显示多个温度值。
14.如权利要求13所述的方法，其中，所述绘图显示所述物体的温度梯度和临界温度中的至少一个。
15.如权利要求13所述的方法，其中，处理所述温度值以确定是否存在所述物体的临界温度和临界膨胀中的至少一个。
16.如权利要求13所述的方法，其中，所述绘图指示由所述物体的温度相对于参考温度的改变导致的尺度改变的量值。
17.一种用于实施便携式铰接臂坐标测量机（AACMM）的计算机程序产品，所述计算机程序产品包括存储介质，所述存储介质包含有计算机可读程序代码，所述计算机可读程序代码在被计算机执行时使得所述计算机实施包括以下步骤的方法：
利用设置在所述便携式AACMM上的集成式温度测量系统来测量物体的温度值，其中，所述集成式温度测量系统能够对随着所述物体的温度而变化的电磁辐射作出响应，所述便携式AACMM包括：具有相对的第一端和第二端的可人工定位的铰接臂，所述臂包括多个相连接的臂段，每个臂段包括用于产生位置信号的至少一个位置传感器；附接至所述AACMM的第一端的测量装置；以及接收来自所述位置传感器的所述位置信号并且提供与所述测量装置的位置对应的数据的电子电路；
在所述电子电路中接收所述温度值；并且
在用户接口上显示所述温度值。
18.如权利要求17所述的计算机程序产品，其中，所述用户接口设置在所述AACMM上。
19.如权利要求17所述的计算机程序产品，其中，所述用户接口在绘图中显示多个温度值。
20.如权利要求19所述的计算机程序产品，其中，所述绘图显示所述物体的温度梯度和临界温度中的至少一个。
21.如权利要求19所述的计算机程序产品，其中，处理所述温度值以确定是否存在所述物体的临界温度和临界膨胀中的至少一个。
22.如权利要求19所述的计算机程序产品，其中，所述绘图指示由所述物体的温度相对于参考温度的改变导致的尺度改变的量值。
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