CN102933792A - Improved in-situ combustion recovery process using single horizontal well to produce oil and combustion gases to surface - Google Patents

Improved in-situ combustion recovery process using single horizontal well to produce oil and combustion gases to surface Download PDF

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Publication number
CN102933792A
CN102933792A CN2010800671294A CN201080067129A CN102933792A CN 102933792 A CN102933792 A CN 102933792A CN 2010800671294 A CN2010800671294 A CN 2010800671294A CN 201080067129 A CN201080067129 A CN 201080067129A CN 102933792 A CN102933792 A CN 102933792A
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well
oil
horizontal shank
reservoir
combustion
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C·阿亚斯
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Archon Technologies Ltd
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Archon Technologies Ltd
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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH DRILLING, e.g. DEEP DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B43/00—Methods or apparatus for obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells
    • E21B43/16—Enhanced recovery methods for obtaining hydrocarbons
    • E21B43/24—Enhanced recovery methods for obtaining hydrocarbons using heat, e.g. steam injection
    • E21B43/243—Combustion in situ
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH DRILLING, e.g. DEEP DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B43/00—Methods or apparatus for obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells
    • E21B43/30—Specific pattern of wells, e.g. optimizing the spacing of wells
    • E21B43/305—Specific pattern of wells, e.g. optimizing the spacing of wells comprising at least one inclined or horizontal well

Abstract

An in-situ combustion process which process does not employ one or more separate gas venting wells. At least one vertical production well having a substantially vertical portion extending downwardly into the reservoir and a horizontal leg portion extending horizontally outwardly therefrom completed relatively low in the reservoir is provided. At least one vertical oxidizing gas injection well, positioned above and in spaced relation to the horizontal well, is positioned laterally along the horizontal well approximately midsection thereof. Oxidizing gas is injected therein and combustion fronts are caused to progress outwardly from such injection well in mutually opposite directions along the horizontal well. Preferably a plurality of injection wells are provided along the direction of the horizontal well, and oxidizing gas is injected in each and combustion fronts caused to progress outwardly and in opposite directions from each, and oil is caused to drain down into the horizontal well, which oil along with hot combustion gases is produced to surface.

Description

Use single horizontal well with oil and burning gases output to the improved combustion in situ collecting method on ground
Technical field
The present invention relates to use combustion in situ, vertically oxidizing gas Injection Well and independent horizontal well are gathered from the method for the viscous hydrocarbon of subsurface reservoir, particularly, relate to a kind of improving one's methods of the well of independently ventilating in addition of not using.
Background technology
In order to be well known in the art by the combustion in situ method that adhesively becomes down hydrocarbon to produce oil with in order to the whole bag of tricks of separate hydrocarbons from the stratum that comprises hydrocarbon.
For instance, United States Patent (USP) 3,502,372 (M.Prats) disclose such method, that is and, in the method, shale oil and soluble aluminum compound are from rubblization or split the shale oil reservoir of petrochemical industry to burn from top to bottom by shale oil and gathered.Remove oil with cleaning shale, be used for using subsequently the aluminium of alkaline chemical solution mining shale.The pyrolysis agent can be the hot mixt of sky G﹠W, but it must inject with the temperature more than 500 ℉, and the formation internal temperature must control to 600-950 ℉ to avoid damaging mineral.Such as what discuss in summary of the invention and the specific embodiment subsequently, the present invention does not need the rubblization of subsurface reservoir, perhaps uses top-down burning.But the combustion front of setting up is along the horizontal wellbore shifted laterally.
United States Patent (USP) 3,515,212 (people such as Allen) disclose a kind of combustion in situ method, and the method combines forward and reverse combustion in situ between Vertical Well.To autoignition temperature, air injects from delineation well by Steam Heating in the Injection Well zone, and flows along the direction of Injection Well.When air enters the heating oil zone of contiguous Injection Well, just burn.Burning gases leave at the burning well place, and combustion front grows towards delineation well, and are opposite with the combustion in situ method.Near after the delineation well, inject air at this Jing Chu in leading edge, injection well conversion originally becomes oil-producing well, and beginning forward direction combustion in situ method, and wherein combustion front moves towards original Injection Well, and by original Injection Well output.
United States Patent (USP) 4,566,537 (Gussis) relate to such as immobile oils such as Athabasca (Athabasca) pitches.Overcome by carrying out a series of vapor recycle with near the oil the heating Injection Well and producing the space in the problem that is communicated with between each Vertical Well.In second stage, the place of air in these wells is injected into the eminence of reservoir, simultaneously produces burning gases in another well, is communicated with thereby set up between each well at this place, reservoir top.Now, this makes it possible at the bottom of well steam injection, and in another well the output oil.The method is different from method of the present invention, and wherein, as discussed below, method of the present invention utilizes gravity to be excreted in the horizontal production well, and does not need the steam drive stage.In addition, can in same well, remove continuously oil and burning gases.
United States Patent (USP) 4,410,042 (Shu) discloses a kind of method of utilizing pure oxygen to carry out the combustion in situ commitment.Until combustion front reaches 30 feet places of the described Injection Well of distance, oxygen just dilutes by carbon dioxide.Then inject pure oxygen.By contrast, discuss such as the summary of the invention in this manual part, method of the present invention do not use the mixture of pure oxygen and carbon dioxide in any stage.
United States Patent (USP) 4,418,751 (Emery) disclose a kind of method of combustion in situ, wherein water are injected the top of oil-bearing reservoir, separate with near the oxygen that injects the bottom.Water and burning gases mix in reservoir, transpiring moisture and removal heat.This method does not need or does not adopt simultaneously direct oxygen injection and water.In fact, it is breakneck oxygen being injected near the horizontal well at reservoir bottom place, because oxygen can enter pit shaft and combustion oil inside, causes high temperature, the integrality of this high temperature entail dangers to pit shaft and precipitation coke, and described coke can the Partial Blocking pit shaft.
United States Patent (USP) 4,493,369 people such as () Odeh disclose and patent 4,418, and 751 essentially identical well and fluid placement when being about to oxidizing gas and injecting the bottom of reservoir are injected into water the top of reservoir.
United States Patent (USP) 5,456,315 disclose a kind of combustion in situ method, wherein, oxidizing gas are injected Vertical Well, and this Vertical Well has perforation on the top of oil-bearing reservoir.Each Vertical Well directly in a row is positioned at the top of the horizontal well that is positioned at the reservoir bottom.The orientation of these wells is identical with this method.Yet, United States Patent (USP) 5,456,315 need to be positioned horizontal production well one side and be parallel to the ventilative well of the one-tenth row of horizontal of this horizontal production well/vertically, and each ventilative well is positioned at the top of reservoir.The purpose of ventilative well be be excreted to mode that the liquid in the described horizontal production well separates by gravity with the burning gases ground of gathering.More fully describe as following, this method is not used the ventilative well of independently burning, but produces together liquids and gases by same horizontal well, and thus, only needs a horizontal production well, thereby only needs the remarkable expensive horizontal well that reduces.In addition, such as United States Patent (USP) 5,456,315 described methods are done, and know from experience the convection heat transfer' heat-transfer by convection of eliminating in the draining zone with the mode of separating with the liquid combustion gas of gathering, so that United States Patent (USP) 5,456,315 described method energy efficiencies are lower.Especially, by suppressing the mixing of burning gases and liquid, United States Patent (USP) 5,456,315 from removed the hydrogen that produces deep fat contact so that the degree that the degree of on-the-spot hydrocrack and on-the-spot oil are upgraded reduces greatly.The removal carbon dioxide can suppress the solvability among the present invention as described below when burning gases account for 16%, the present invention more can further reduce the viscosity of oil thus, and enlarges the oil extraction zone, produces thus than United States Patent (USP) 5, the higher oil productivity of 456,315 disclosed methods.
United States Patent (USP) 5,456, another major defect that 315 disclosed ventilation wells are gathered is the method security problem, owing to obtaining high temperature from the gas of reservoir internal-combustion (and sometimes burning), the ventilation well must pass through water-cooled.In addition, because described gas inject well and ventilation well all are positioned at the top of reservoir, and be interconnected, thus oxygen may mix with hydrocarbon liquid or the gas in the ventilation well so that therein or at ground generation explosive mixture.
United States Patent (USP) 5,339,897 (Leaute) disclose and patent 5,456,315 are similarly produced the method for hydrocarbon by Tar sands, wherein Vertical Well is positioned the top of oil-bearing reservoir, is positioned at horizontal production well top, and the second Vertical Well is positioned to and departs from the first Vertical Well and lateral deviation horizontal production well at the reservoir top.Connection between two Vertical Well is by using hot fluid to realize, then oxidizing gas is injected in the well of producing well top, and burning gases are sent by delineation well.Deep fat is excreted to producing well downwards.In addition, in patent 5,339, in the 897 disclosed methods, will can react by initiation cracking such as the way in the accumulation oil of the cracking fluid Injection Level producing wells such as superheated steam top.
United States Patent (USP) 5,626,191 people such as () Greaves disclose a kind of on-the-spot method, wherein, the oxidizing gas Injection Well be positioned to be placed near the horizontal production well toe of reservoir bottom oil-bearing reservoir top near.Half vertical combustion front produces, extends laterally and moves towards the well heel of producing well from the well toe of producing well.Oil and gas are excreted in the same horizontal production well together.As described below, the present invention is than patent 5,626,191 have great improvement, because, such as the present invention, by Injection Well being positioned along the middle part of horizontal production well or a plurality of Injection Wells being positioned the top of producing well, greatly improved the upgrading degree of oil productivity and oil with suitable cost.In this structure, each Injection Well is kept two burning/drainage leading edges and is not only of use patent 5,626,191 o'clock.Surprisingly, burning/draining leading edge advances with well toe and the well heel of identical speed towards producing well.United States Patent (USP) 5,626,191 by referring to mode integrate with this paper.
United States Patent (USP) 6,412,557 people such as () Ayasse are to patent 5,626,191 improvement, wherein,, top inner in horizontal production well and all settle catalyzer to improve the upgrading degree of oil on every side.United States Patent (USP) 6,412,557 by referring to mode integrate with this paper.
United States Patent (USP) 7,493,952 (Ayasse) disclose patent 5,626, and 191 and patent 6,412,557 improvement, wherein, Jing Zhibuchu with non-oxidized gas Injection Level producing well in, avoiding oxygen to enter, and the safety that improves the method by the temperature and pressure in the control pit shaft.United States Patent (USP) 7,493,952 by referring to mode integrate with this paper.
United States Patent (USP) discloses 20090308606 (U.S. Patent Application No. 12/280,832) (Ayasse) disclose patent 5,626,191 and the improvement of patent 7,493,952, wherein, in the long tube system that is injected into the well toe that extends to horizontal production well such as thinner or the carbon dioxide of naphtha or other hydrocarbon solution, with control pit shaft pressure and temperature, and because reducing, density and viscosity made things convenient for the mobile of pit shaft oil.
United States Patent (USP) discloses 20090200024 (U.S. Patent Application No. 12/068,881) (people such as Ayasse) discloses and has been similar to United States Patent (USP) 5,626,191 new method, wherein, near the well heel with oxidizing gas injected water horizontal well, wherein, described horizontal well has the piping that extends to the well toe.Combustion front spreads to the well toe by motion from the well heel.As following more fully as described in, method of the present invention is than United States Patent (USP) 5,626,191 advantage is unlike United States Patent (USP) 5,626,191, need to not bore vertical Injection Well far away near the well toe.But, in the present invention, can bore Injection Well away from the position of well toe such as the middle part of horizontal shank etc.This method is than U. S. application 12/068,881 advantage is that single Injection Well can be positioned at the well toe of horizontal production well and the middle part between the well heel, the bilateral-firing leading edge will move towards well toe and well heel, and needn't consider as occurring in U. S. application 12/068, the vertical part of the relevant after-flame horizontal production well in 881, wherein, air Injection point is close to or is positioned at the office, vertical portion.With U. S. application 12/068,881 is the same, the present invention also has from the well toe of horizontal well and locates vertical air Injection well (for example for 1000 meters horizontal production well shank, in location, 500 meters of distance well toe) advantage, so that such as not boring Vertical Well because the situation that can not arrive ground that causes in marsh or the lake of well toe location can not hinder at this place, also can not hinder the exploitation of reservoir.
Summary of the invention
The present invention relates to use combustion in situ, utilize at least one oxidizing gas Injection Well and independently horizontal well from subsurface reservoir the improving one's methods of viscous hydrocarbon of gathering, particularly, relate to and do not use the well of independently additionally ventilating, and not only gather the burning gases of deep fat but also the heat of gathering with subsequently with both outputs improving one's methods to ground with the horizontal wellbore that is positioned at the forming portion lower, wherein, oil separates with high-temperature combustion gas subsequently.
In the embodiments of the invention that only use a vertical Injection Well, this vertical Injection Well is arranged on the top of reservoir, and finishes at the place, top of reservoir, oxygen-containing gas is injected reservoir to support combustion in situ wherein.Vertical Injection Well like this is positioned at horizontal well top and large about the midpoint along described horizontal well, when oxidizing gas being injected reservoir by Injection Well and lights hydrocarbon near this reservoir of this vertical Injection Well, produce combustion front near this vertical Injection Well, described combustion front is outwards propagated along mutual relative direction from Injection Well, and each mutual relative direction is along horizontal well and be lateral to horizontal well.High-temperature combustion gas and deep fat are from becoming the traction downwards of hydrocarbon section and being gathered in horizontal well, then arrive ground by this horizontal well together output, locate on ground, use multiphase separator, eddy current dividing technology or other technology known to persons of ordinary skill in the art are separated the burning gases of heat with oil, in addition, if necessary, the burning gases of heat are used for heating water to produce steam, to be preferably used for driving the steam turbine generating.Replacedly, the burning gases that comprise combustible components such as methane, ethane, propane, carbon monoxide, hydrogen and hydrogen sulfide can burn on ground with by steam turbine or gas turbine power generation.In the method with ventilation well, these gases burn at the epimere of reservoir, and must be cooled to protect the ventilation well not to be subjected to pyrolytic damage, so that energy has been wasted.
Similarly, in the preferred embodiment of the inventive method of using a plurality of vertical oxidizing gas Injection Wells that align along the horizontal well direction and extend, each vertical oxidizing gas Injection Well is finished above horizontal wellbore, and separate with suitable distance along horizontal wellbore, at each Injection Well place, produce two combustion fronts and the draining of the burning gases of heat, described combustion front is along mutually relative direction from vertical Injection Well towards the well toe of horizontal well and well heel, propagate with the direction perpendicular to horizontal wellbore substantially along horizontal wellbore, and by becoming hydrocarbon section.
For example, 5 oxidizing gas Injection Wells will produce ten (10) individual fluid-evacuation leading edges, and this provides higher oil productivity with lower extra cost.
Significantly, if the internal diameter of the horizontal shank of horizontal well is too little, pit shaft hydraulic pressure (hydraulics) is understood the symmetry of disturbing combustion front to advance so---and combustion front advances along the well heel direction of horizontal production well can be than faster towards the well toe, therefore reduced the efficient of the method, and the symmetry of advancing along horizontal well equivalent simultaneously with mutually relative direction will lose, and is more importantly slack-off on the direction of advancing towards the well toe.
Therefore, near horizontal well is arranged in about 400 meters reservoir and horizontal well another preferred embodiment of having the inventive method of corresponding pit shaft hydraulic pressure at this depth, the internal diameter of the horizontal shank of producing well should be greater than 3 inches, so that keep the symmetry that combustion front advances, be preferably more than 5 inches, and most preferably greater than 7 inches, to allow producing well enough large diameter is arranged.
The present invention has also considered such method, namely, in the method, a plurality of vertical oxidizing gas wells can be finished by the route along horizontal wellbore above horizontal wellbore, and the forming portion that one of described vertical Injection Well that originally the oxidizing gas injection is positioned at the horizontal well approximate mid-section is located, and form combustion front near this forming portion, this combustion front advances with mutual relative direction along horizontal well.Combustion front advances one section given distance via other the mutual relative direction in vertical oxidizing gas Injection Well edge after, in each opposite side place of this initial Injection Well, can further oxidizing gas be injected described other one of Injection Well or each so that keep burning and allow combustion front to continue to advance along horizontal wellbore.
Advantageously, by the usage level pit shaft with downward traction heating oil and heat burning gases, and with heating oil and heat burning gases (oxygen exhausts) all output realize gradually following advantage, that is: to ground
(i) burning gases that are drawn to the heat in the horizontal production well with heating oil are used for keeping described oil to continue and are heated and the receipts that not only improve thus the oil that has hydrocarbon section of one's own are adopted rate, and the viscosity of having guaranteed heating oil keeps lower, therefore described oil can use gas " act " to be raised ground, has eliminated the necessity of using pump;
(ii) only need to bore well still less, particularly, do not need as some method of the prior art, must drill through the burning gases that gas well is gathered respectively and discharged heat;
(iii) then, the burning gases of heat can be on ground in order to heating water, to produce steam, steam can be used for heating and/or drive steam turbine and generate electricity, and produce power thus, otherwise these energy may lose, and in the method, can take full advantage of these energy.
(iv) because the combination of the hydrogen that produces in oil and the method in higher oil temperature and the reservoir, so can realize the upgrading of oil.
Especially, about above-mentioned advantage (ii), by vertical Injection Well being located near the middle part of horizontal well and passing through with two mutual relative directions along described horizontal wellbore propagating burning leading edge, the method allows than passing through United States Patent (USP) 5,626,191(combustion front " from the well toe to the well heel " is propagated) or United States Patent (USP) 7,493,952(combustion front " from the well heel to the well toe " is propagated) disclosed method recovery of oil quickly, wherein, United States Patent (USP) 5,626,191 or United States Patent (USP) 7,493,952 only so that combustion front advance with single direction along horizontal wellbore.
In addition, inject via Injection Well by the oxygen-containing gas that will be lower than fracture pressure, and around extending up to the reservoir cap rock, set up the oxygen-containing gas zone towards the Injection Well of horizontal production well extension (but arriving) downwards, and set up along horizontal production well simultaneously towards the direction diffusion of the well toe of horizontal production well and well heel and perpendicular to the water of the stroke diffusion of horizontal well, oil and burning gases are drained leading edge, the oil of heating and the burning gases of water and heating can all be drained under the impact of gravity and pressure, and can in horizontal well, the quilt receipts adopt and not have oxygen or oxidizing gas, thereby have reduced widely the possibility of exploding.Compare with the method for gas being discharged by the well of independently ventilating, method of the present invention preserved valuable incendivity composition with output to ground, rather than in reservoir with its burning (understanding like that wasted heat), the method uses in the hydrogen that generates some to come the hydrocrack deep fat, thereby produces the oil of stable part upgrading.
Thus, one of the inventive method widely aspect in, described method comprises in order to reduction be included in the viscosity of the oil in the oil-bearing reservoir and the improved combustion in situ method of gather described oil and burning gases from described reservoir, described method is not used one or more independently burning gases ventilation wells, and described method comprises:
(a) provide at least one producing well, described producing well has the cardinal principle vertical portion that extends downwardly in the described reservoir, and have and be communicated with described vertical portion fluid and from the outward extending horizontal shank of described vertical portion level, described horizontal shank in reservoir relatively lower finish;
(b) provide at least one Injection Well, it is spaced apart with respect to described horizontal shank that described Injection Well is positioned at zone line and the described Injection Well of opposite end of described horizontal shank, and substantially directly be positioned at the top of described horizontal shank, oxidizing gas being injected the described reservoir of described horizontal shank top, and in the zone line of the mutual relative end of two of described horizontal shank;
(c) will be in the oxidizing gas that is lower than fracture pressure injects by described at least one Injection Well, and begin the hydrocarbon that in the close described reservoir of described Injection Well, burns, thereby set up at least one or a plurality of combustion front be positioned at described horizontal shank top, described one or more combustion fronts so that the viscosity of the oil in described reservoir reduce and be excreted to downwards in the described horizontal shank;
(d) the described oil that allows high-temperature combustion gas and viscosity to reduce is gathered together in described horizontal shank; And
(e) described high-temperature gas and described oily output are arrived ground; And
(f) on ground or at the well heel of described horizontal well described oil is separated with described high-temperature combustion gas.
In first improvement of above method, described at least one Injection Well comprises along the length of described horizontal well and at it and mutually extends at least one vertical Injection Well of location downwards facing to described horizontal shank from ground in the centre position of relative end, and when injecting oxidizing gas and lighting oxidizing gas, described Injection Well is fed at least two combustion fronts with described oxidizing gas, and described combustion front is outwards mobile and move along the direction of the described horizontal shank of described producing well along opposite direction from described vertical Injection Well separately.
In the second replaceable improvement, described at least one Injection Well comprises the described horizontal shank top that is positioned at described producing well and the horizontal well that extends along the described horizontal shank of described producing well, in order to inject described oxidizing gas above the described horizontal shank of described producing well.
Replacedly, in aspect another of the inventive method is extensive, described method comprises and a kind ofly is included in the viscosity of the oil in the oil-bearing reservoir and the improved combustion in situ method of the described oil that the viscosity of gathering reduces in order to reduction from forming portion, described method is not used one or more independently burning gases ventilation wells, and described method also comprises:
(a) bore at least one producing well, described producing well has the cardinal principle vertical portion that extends downwardly in the described reservoir, and have and be communicated with described vertical portion fluid and from the outward extending horizontal shank of described vertical portion level, described horizontal shank in reservoir relatively lower finish;
(b) bore at least one Injection Well, described Injection Well directly be positioned described horizontal shank top and with described horizontal shank general alignment, and in the zone line location of the opposite end of described horizontal shank or extend;
(c) by along each described Vertical Well of described horizontal wellbore location oxidizing gas being injected described reservoir;
(d) beginning combustion in situ near in the described reservoir of described Injection Well, the combustion front that vertically extends to form at least one pair of, described combustion front advances with opposite direction side direction along described horizontal shank, described combustion front and is excreted to downwards in the described horizontal shank so that the viscosity of the oil in described forming portion reduces;
(e) the described oil that high-temperature combustion gas and viscosity reduces of in described horizontal shank, gathering; And
(f) described high-temperature gas and oil while output are arrived ground; And
(g) on ground or at the Jing Genbuchu of described horizontal well described oil is separated with described high-temperature gas.
In other embodiment that the vertical Injection Well place of only locating along the middle part of horizontal well takes fire, when substantially vertical described combustion front advances and during through other vertical Injection Well along described horizontal wellbore side direction, oxidizing gas is injected into the described reservoir that is positioned at described other vertical Injection Well place continuously, to accelerate vertical combustion front along described horizontal well moving with both direction.
In another embodiment, described improved combustion in situ method (described method is not used one or more independently burning gases ventilation wells) comprising:
(a) provide at least one producing well, described producing well has the cardinal principle vertical portion that extends downwardly in the described reservoir, and have and be communicated with described vertical portion fluid and from the outward extending horizontal shank of described vertical portion level, described horizontal shank in reservoir relatively lower finish;
(b) provide a plurality of directly be positioned at described horizontal shank top and with a plurality of vertical Injection Well of described horizontal shank general alignment, described vertical Injection Well extends downwards towards described horizontal shank;
(c) oxidizing gas is injected described reservoir by at least two in the described Vertical Well;
(d) beginning combustion in situ near in the described reservoir of described at least two vertical Injection Wells, thereby form the combustion front of a pair of vertical extension at each described Injection Well place, described combustion front marches forward with each from described two vertical Injection Wells of opposite direction laterally along described horizontal shank at least, described combustion front and is excreted to downwards in the described horizontal shank so that the viscosity of the oil in the described forming portion reduces;
(e) the described oil that high-temperature combustion gas and viscosity reduces of in described horizontal shank, gathering; And
(f) after this, described high-temperature gas and oil while output are arrived ground; And
(g) on ground described oil is separated with described high-temperature gas.
During another of the method for just having described in the above improves, when described roughly vertical combustion front advanced through in described a plurality of Injection Wells another along described horizontal wellbore side direction, described reservoir injected with oxidizing gas in described another place in described a plurality of Injection Wells.
Selectively, use circularly or directly by the steam stimulation reservoir of Injection Well and producing well and can before the beginning combustion in situ, carry out incipiently, be communicated with mobile with the burning gases when combustion in situ begins, guaranteeing better to heat and heating oil with the fluid of setting up between Injection Well and the described horizontal oil-producing well.The operation of selectively, selecting fuel oil can realize or auxiliary the realization by injection linseed oil or other known technology of easily lighting the fluid of reservoir by airport.
(i) should be noted that, method of the present invention advantageously comprises following characteristics and it is characterized in that: liquid phase substance and gaseous substance do not separate output, because they have all entered the same producing well (that is, horizontal well) that near the lower the reservoir bottom is finished;
(ii) when using air as oxidizing gas, because the degree of depth and the high-temperature gas of horizontal well enter horizontal production well, high gas in the described horizontal well/oil ratio rate has guaranteed that natural gaslift is effective in the reservoir of pressure depletion, so that needn't use pump, thereby reduced the complexity of method and reduced cost;
The direct result that (iii) flows into together in the horizontal wellbore as described oil and burning gases (being water and/or steam sometimes) is: realized high energy efficiency, because all calory burnings are delivered to draining intra-zone and the place ahead in the reservoir in the mode of convection current, therefore, because energy transmission from burning gases to oil and so that the viscosity of fluid farthest reduces, and maximized oil productivity.Air-oil ratio rate has also reduced, and has reflected that comparing energy efficiency from the situation of gas and fluid being separated output with different wells has improved.
(iv) the common output of burning gases and hydrocarbon liquid has also improved oil productivity, because the carbon dioxide that exists in the burning gases infiltrated in the oil before draining leading edge, and work as thinner, reduce the viscosity of oil and make things convenient for oil to be excreted in the horizontal well with further.And the carbon dioxide in burning gases has the highest solubility in cold oil, so that because the dissolving of carbon dioxide in cold oil, the drainage zone becomes wider.
(iv) hydrogen can produce hydrocrack with mixing of mobile deep fat in draining zone and pit shaft, and the described oil of partly upgrading;
(v) need in the method low air Injection pressure, because burning gases directly are communicated with the horizontal production well of vicinity, distinguish at most the distances of thickness at a distance of oil.
Description of drawings
Exemplary embodiment of the present invention shown in the drawings:
Fig. 1 is the sectional view of oil-bearing reservoir, shows the layout for the well of carrying out the inventive method, and this sectional view is simultaneously along vertically Injection Well and level/vertically producing well obtains dissecing.Covering layer is positioned on the oil-bearing reservoir, vertically the oxidizing gas Injection Well and in order to produce oil vertically/horizontal well is to being positioned in the oil-bearing reservoir;
Fig. 2 is the sectional view that the oil-bearing reservoir shown in Fig. 1 dissects along plane B-B, and wherein horizontal production well illustrates in the mode of sectional view;
Fig. 3 is the top view of the partially transparent of the oil-bearing reservoir shown in Figure 1 that obtains in digital analogue mode;
Fig. 4 is the sectional view of the oil-bearing reservoir similar to Fig. 1, and it shows the modification of method of the present invention, wherein, a plurality of oxidizing gas Injection Wells with so that combustion front advance along two opposite directions; And
Fig. 5 and Fig. 1 are similar, but it uses 5 gas inject wells as the Injection Well of working simultaneously.
The specific embodiment
With reference to Fig. 1, oil-bearing reservoir 20 shown in Figure 1 is typically covered by covering layer 1, and preferably, described covering layer 1 is comprised of with shale and the cap rock that substantially can prevent the air-flow infiltration enough thick, so that the oxygen-containing gas 22 that injects is contained in the oil-bearing reservoir 20.
The method according to this invention, at least one vertical oxidizing gas Injection Well 6a is 30 tops that pierce reservoir 20 downwards from ground, and described vertical oxidizing gas Injection Well 6a is installed with the hole, so that allow near oil-bearing reservoir 20 tops oxidizing gas 22 to be injected reservoir 20, described oxidizing gas is compressed and oppressed by compressor reducer 71a in Injection Well 6a.
Setting has the producing well of the level of Vertical Well part 10 and horizontal well part 8/vertically to 9.Horizontal well part 8 is finished in the bottom of reservoir 20, and preferably substantially extends through length or its part of oil-bearing reservoir 20, and wherein, expectation is by method of the present invention this part recovery of oil from oil-bearing reservoir 20.The shell of this horizontal well can be installed with hole as shown in Figure 1 and Figure 4, perhaps can comprise as giving this assignee---shown in the PCT/CA of Archon Technologies Ltd. and porous sieve, narrow slit or the trade mark of institute's teaching be
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Filter screen plug etc., enter horizontal well 8 with the burning gases 5 that allow deep fat 3 and heat from reservoir 20, be used for subsequently output to ground 30.Preferably, the internal diameter of horizontal production well is greater than 3 inches, the symmetry when keeping leading edge to advance, and advantageously greater than 5 inches, the most advantageously greater than 7 inches (that is, in typical current standard borehole size, being approximately 9 and 5/8 inches internal diameter), have enough diameters to allow producing well.
1FacsRite TMThat Schlumberger Co., Ltd (ShlumbergerInc.) is for the production of the trade mark of the sand sieving machine of well.
The method according to this invention, at least one oxidizing gas injector well 6a be positioned at along the top at horizontal wellbore 8 middle parts and along the approximate mid-section place of horizontal wellbore 8 (that is, wherein as shown in Figure 1, distance " d 1" and distance " d 2" substantially equal), although can be based on the otherness of known reservoir or other factors and changes in its exact position.
In a preferred embodiment, the first step in the method for beginning and execution recovery of oil of the present invention is that the fluid of setting up between vertical Injection Well 6a and the horizontal production well 8 is communicated with, so that oxidizing gas 22 can more easily inject reservoir 20, and deep fat 3 and burning gases 5 can be removed from reservoir 20 9 by level/Vertical Well.When initial, the steam (not shown) can circulate or inject constantly Vertical Well 6a, also can be from ground injected water horizontal well 8, and circulate therein with heating water horizontal well 8 and increase the mobility of deep fat 3 wherein.The pressure size of the steam that begins to inject is not enough to force a large amount of steam directly to go forward side by side into horizontal well 8 by reservoir 20, and only be enough to help the viscous liquid with being in the reservoir 20 under this aux. pressure in reservoir 20, to be excreted to the more zone of low pressure downwards, it is the zone of horizontal well 8, horizontal well 8 removes fluid from this zone, produce by this relatively lower zone of pressure, set up thus the Fluid Flow in A along this direction.For irremovable oily 3 under some reservoir conditions, steam also can inject by Injection Well 6a in a continuous manner, and it depends on reservoir and expands to reach the steam injection amount.When oil 3 is so to glue so that can not move in reservoir 20 time, horizontal production well 8 is carried out the preheating meeting prevent that oil 3 from solidifying and hinder production in horizontal well 8, especially, as contingent, when producing well 8 must be closed, then can cause difficulty to ground oil processing facility.This pre-heating mean can be carried out to the steam the well heel 42 cyclical level legs 8 by the well toe 40 from horizontal well 8.This cycles through following mode and realizes, namely, be that (not shown) is placed in the horizontal well 8 with long tube, turn back to well heel 42 with the steam injection well toe 40 that will flow by this piping and by the annular space between this piping and the horizontal well shell 8, then arrive ground 30.In case set up the fluid connection between Injection Well 6a and horizontal production well 8, oxygen-containing gas such as air, oxygen-enriched air, carbon dioxide enriched air or oxygen-carbon dioxide mixture injects reservoir 20 by Injection Well 6a as shown in Figure 1.At first, use relatively suitable throughput, but this flow inclination rises to target max, and keep simultaneously being lower than about 350 ° of C by the temperature in wellbore that a string thermocouple that is placed in the pit shaft detects.After beginning to inject oxidizing gas, will appear in the gas that produces on ground such as combustion by-products such as carbon dioxide, realized burning in the expression reservoir.
Near the vertical Injection Well 6a of preheating reservoir 20 has second important purpose, because the oil under vapor (steam) temperature usually can spontaneous combustion, and the process that can start burning and produce oil.It has also reduced near the oil saturation of the sand the vertical Injection Well, and this is in order to the intensity that reduces the burning heat release and prevent this Injection Well of superheated.
When combustion process begins at the scene, if the oil 3 in the oxidizing gas 22 contact forming portions 20 combustion reaction can occur so exist side by side and produce coke in the zone 4 that is engraved in combustion front 50 back, as shown in Figures 1 to 4.Thereafter, coke is the fuel of unique consumption, after consumption, and remaining burning-out zone 2, as shown in Figures 1 to 4.At regional 4(referring to Fig. 1 to Fig. 4) in, coke is comprised of the little carbonaceous particle that is dispersed in the sand grains.At the laboratory reaction device and comprise that the ratio of the hydrogen/carbon that records in the oil refinery coke of Athabasca pitch is generally 1.13.The sand that comprises coke granule keeps substantially permeable to gas, so that oxidizing gas 22 can easily flow through contact cold oil and transferring heat with the burning gases 4 that produce.Convection current oil heating is so extensively so that because oily hydrocracking occurs in the existence of the high temperature that produces in coke combustion and the hydrogen that generates.At combustion mechanism with drain aspect the leading edge, the running of this method with
Figure BDA00002492731900131
(by the well toe to well heel air Injection) method is similar.Operation THAI TMThe Petrobank energy and the Resources Co., Ltd that are positioned at alberta province Kang Kelin city (Conklin) of method report, and reservoir temperature is at 600 ° more than the C, and hydrogen reaches 8 percents by volume in the gas that produces, and 3-4 point of pitch upgrading.Finally, the oil 3 that produces of the present invention has significantly been upgraded.
Advantageously, in the method for the invention, remove hot burning gases 5 by level/Vertical Well to 10, so that allow to realize ratio such as United States Patent (USP) 5,456,315 the more significant advantage of the prior aries such as method, wherein, prior art depends on and is placed in the reservoir Upstream section AdditionallyWell 4(is referring to United States Patent (USP) 5,456, Fig. 2 of 315) to remove these burning gases.Adversely, at United States Patent (USP) 5,456, the ability that provides from the burning gases of heat to the convection heat transfer' heat-transfer by convection of oil has been provided these art methods shown in 315 widely, and more adversely, such art methods removed produce in order to the hydrogen of hydrocracking and also in order to advantageously to reduce the carbon dioxide solvent of oily viscosity.The prior art method energy efficiency that mainly depends on convection heat transfer' heat-transfer by convection is low, and oil productivity is lower than method of the present invention.In the method for the invention, set up fluid-evacuation district 15, and oily 3(and water/steam (not shown) after the heat upgrading) and burning gases 5 flow downward and go forward side by side into horizontal well 8, to be sent to together ground 30.Along with the carrying out of the method, with the oxygen-containing gas that injects
2THAI TMBe the registration mark of the Ya Kang Science and Technology Ltd. in alberta province Calgary city (Calgary), be used for from the licensed service of the concrete patented method/technology of oil formation intensified oil reduction.Burn gradually in the outside of 22 nearest coke layers 4, the burning gases that fresh coke is stayed heat at first contact the place of oil.In this operation, reservoir oil 3 never runs into oxygen, so that the oxygenation organic matter fails to form, and the oil emu that produces easily enters the oil processing facility that is positioned at ground.Oil 3 heating of basic maintenance outside fluid-evacuation district 15 are until discharge area 15 and combustion front 50 advance.For the reservoir 20 that comprises removable oil, mix to reduce the upgrading degree of integral body away from not heating in crude oil 3 and the hydrocrackates 3 in horizontal well 8 of burning drainage leading edge 15.Yet, for removable oily reservoir, because whole horizontal wellbore all is producible within the whole life-span of well, so oily productivity ratio rises.In whole reservoir 20, the zone that is injected into oxidizing gas keeps isolating with horizontal well by the layer 24 of oil 3, avoids oxidizing gas (such as oxygen) to enter horizontal well 8.This layer 24 supplied with by the heat upgrading oil 3 of draining and flow in the bottom of reservoir 20 horizontal well 8 from lateral expansion combustion front 50.Carry out such as method of the present invention, the volume that enters the oil 3 of horizontal well 8 from topping 24 has increased (referring to Fig. 1 and Fig. 4, the volume of layer 24 increases) with respect to the volume of the oil 3 of draining with burning gases 5.
Fig. 2 is the sectional view that the face B-B along oil-bearing reservoir 20 dissects, and this method shown in Figure 1, represents with identical mark with part identical among Fig. 1.The figure shows the oil reservoir that how forms protectiveness at horizontal well.
Fig. 3 is the top view of this method, and it shows oil-bearing reservoir 20, combustion zone 2, coke fuel storage district 4 and fluid-evacuation district 15.Oxygen-containing gas Injection Well 6a is positioned at the top of oil-bearing reservoir 20, and producing well is positioned at the bottom of reservoir 20 to 9 horizontal component 8.9 vertical part 10 is connected to horizontal component 8 at well heel 42 places of producing well 9 to level/Vertical Well and this vertical part 10 is connected to ground oil processing facility (not shown).Although fluid-evacuation district 15 intersects with horizontal well 8 at two points 17,18 places, the oil 3 of all productions all moves towards the well heel 42 of horizontal well 8 in the inside of horizontal well 8.Surprisingly, the section that stretches into of Injection Well 6a and the distance that enters between the draining entrance 17,18 of horizontal well 8 equate substantially in the maintenance in service of whole method.People may think that the part (entrance) 18 of the discharge area 15 that the well heel 42 towards horizontal well 8 moves can advance quickly than the part (entrance) 17 of the discharge area 15 of moving towards well toe 40, because part (entrance) 18 is closer to the well heel 42 of low-pressure.Yet, true really not so.
With reference to Fig. 1, cap rock covering layer 1 prevents from comprising the fluid of oxidizing gas 22 oil-bearing reservoir 20 of escaping out.Fig. 1 also shows the zone 2 of burning, coke fuel storage district 4, fluid-evacuation district 15, oxygen-containing gas Injection Well 6a, producing well to 9 horizontal shank 8, and the vertical part of horizontal production well 9.
It is such that method of the present invention is as shown in Figure 1 carried out, each coke zone 4 is all outwards mobile from Injection Well 6a along two mutual relative direction side direction with each fluid-evacuation zone 15, at first towards well toe 40, then towards producing well to 9 well heel 42, fluid intake point 17,18 also moves with the same manner, and the zone 2 of burning enlarges.(referring to Fig. 1 and Fig. 4) this process continues until fluid-evacuation district 15 arrives well toe 40 and well heels 42, if Injection Well 6a is positioned producing well to the mid point of 9 horizontal well 8, fluid-evacuation district 15 can almost arrive well toe 40 and well heel 42 simultaneously so.Importantly, the oil that level of protection well 8 is not exposed to oxygen is with 24 to thicken by oil 3, and as shown in Figure 4, oil 3 15 is drained from the discharge area, and 17,18 places enter horizontal well in the entrance.In case arrive the end points of well toe 40 and well heel 42 by draining point 17,18, oxidizing gas injection flow must reduce or stop to prevent reservoir is caused overvoltage so, reservoir overvoltage or can cause that reservoir breaks perhaps can force oxygen to enter horizontal well 8.
Especially, prevent that oxygen or oxygen-containing gas from entering horizontal well 8 or Vertical Well 8, because, not not like this, oil 3 wherein can burn or explode, and causes thus very high temperature, and this temperature may be damaged producing well to 9 and form and can stop up producing well to a large amount of coke of 9.Control horizontal well 8(also also controls Vertical Well 10 thus) in a kind of mode of temperature and pressure be to continue steam by pit shaft piping (not shown, but above state) or non-oxidized gas circulation in order to preheating water horizontal well 8.Be generally 1-10m 3/ day, low-down steam flow is suitable.The thermocouple string (not shown) of placing along the piping (not shown) in horizontal well 8 will remind operator's steam flow need to increase to reduce the temperature of horizontal well 8.
Except allow to provide steam with the peripheral region of preheating horizontal wellbore 8 and horizontal wellbore 8 and begin reservoir 20 and horizontal well 8 between fluid be communicated with, piping is set in horizontal well 8 also can be advantageously in order to offer thinner the oil 3 in the horizontal wellbore 8, particularly, described thinner is hydrocarbon diluent, VAPEX for example, hydrocarbon solvent or naphtha, or the U.S. Patent application 20090308606(U.S. Patent Application No. 12/280 as jointly awaiting the reply, the carbon dioxide of advising 832), this its full content by referring to mode integrate with this paper, and jointly transfer assignee of the present invention.Advantageously, piping in the carbon dioxide injection horizontal well 8 had such advantage, namely, not only can be used as thinner is applied in the horizontal well 8 and the oil 3 that centers on collection in the pond section 24 of horizontal well 8, and further in order to horizontal well 8 slight pressurization are also assisted any intrusion that prevents oxidizing gas 22 thus, if after oil reservoir 24 reduces, allow oxidizing gas to enter horizontal well 8, so oxidizing gas may with the potential explosive mixture of the generation of wherein oil 3.
After drainage leading edge 17,18 arrives the well toe 40 and well heel 42 of horizontal well 8 simultaneously, the new operation phase, that is, and the decline stage.Especially, at this moment, the high-temperature gas 5 that no longer includes capacity produces with the natural gaslift with oil 3 and is provided to ground 30, because the total length of horizontal well 8 will be covered by oil reservoir 24, and by oil 3 sealings.Thus, need liquid pumping or artificial gaslift still to stay a large amount of heat upgrading oil 3 of reservoir 20 bottoms to gather.Then, enter the injection flow of oxidizing gas 22 of Injection Well 6a adjusted so that injection pressure is maintained below the reservoir fracture pressure substantially.Maximum oxidizing gas injection pressure is preferred less than 70% of reservoir pressure, and in the decline stage, maximum oxidizing gas injection pressure is most preferred less than 50% of reservoir pressure.Decline stage is favourable, and is lower because Compressed Gas requires, and provides the output such as the compressed-air actuated compressor reducer 71 of oxidizing gas 22 to be directed into the new operation phase that need to begin a large amount of oxidizing gases 22 by large body weight.The ratio of gas/oil is much lower in the decline stage, and this has increased the whole energy efficiency of the method.For the Athabasca Tar sands, the ratio of the air/oil that is added up can be low to moderate 715:1 (m 3Air/m 3Oil).
The method is characterised in that the steady of oil recovery that has up to 80% reaches consistent operation, and the method has minimized the thermal cycle of the producing well that causes frequent pit shaft inefficacy in the steam treatment process such as SAGD (SAGD).
In the situation that reservoir permeability is bad, may be necessary that use a plurality of oxidizing gas Injection Well 6a, 6b as shown in Figure 4, and adapts to thus method of the present invention.Thus, in further refinement of the present invention, when combustion front 50 from original oxidizing gas Injection Well 6a advance one section appointment apart from the time, other oxidizing gas Injection Well 6b(finishes at the mutual relative sidepiece of Injection Well 6a) also can also outwards advance above behind the oxidizing gas Injection Well 6b as shown in Figure 4 at combustion front, provide oxidizing gas (air) 22 by compressor reducer 71 separately, guarantee that to inject reservoir 20 combustion front 50 continues outwards to advance and can not halt and/or extinguish along the direction of the well toe 40 of horizontal well and well heel 42.
The Injection Well 6b of as shown in Figure 4 other can finish at two opposite sides of initial Injection Well 6a before method of the present invention begins to carry out, perhaps replacedly, can be holed and can when method begins a period of time, be finished, become and be apparent that, combustion front 50 has advanced to them from the location point of former Injection Well 6a away from too, and require more directly to reach nearer oxidizing gas 22 for combustion front 50 provides, advancing to outer horizontal well 8, and the method is proceeded thus.If necessary, use or the other step of finishing other gas inject well 6b can repeat at each outside sidepiece of the Injection Well 6b that early finishes, until the crosspoint 17,18 of discharge area 15 arrives respectively well toe 40 and the well heel 42 of horizontal well 8.
In the most preferred embodiment of this method, just use multiple oxidizing gas Injection Well from beginning.
With reference to figure 5,5 oxidizing gas Injection Well 6a-6e in position spaced apart are arranged in pitch reservoir 20 as shown in the figure, wherein, x equals well length divided by the quantity of Injection Well.This layout guarantees the associating of all combustion fronts or arrives simultaneously well toe and well heel, and wherein, the direction of motion of combustion front is represented by arrow.If the Injection Well mistake is placed, the method will be moved with the same way as with maximum benefit, but energy efficiency reduces slightly.The oil 3 that covers on the horizontal well is isolated horizontal well and oxygen.When combustion front approximately arrived well toe and well heel, draining point 17a-17e and 18a-18e will merge, and this horizontal well will all be covered by oil.If it is very high that the air Injection rate keeps, reservoir will superpressure.Therefore, operation control is converted to gas pressure control from gas flow control.So after this, the gas inject flow becomes very little, and flow in the horizontal production well along the draining than the lower part diffusion of reservoir.Because the GOR rate is lower during this decline stage, oil must be by pumping or artificial lift output.
With the use of single oxidizing gas Injection Well contrast, use a plurality of wells to reduce air capacity in can the single Injection Well of Safety Injection, but but increased whole injection rates on all Injection Wells, this has increased oily productivity ratio widely.
Example 1
Following table 1 has provided the tabulation list of employed mathematical model parameter in this example.
Digital simulator: STARS TM2009.1, computer model Group Co.,Ltd.
Moulded dimension:
Length: 540 meters per 2.5 meters 216 grids
Width: 50 meters per 2.5 meters 20 grids, symmetrically, given pit shaft spacing is 100m
Highly: 20 meters per 1 meter 20 grids
Horizontal production well
500 meters discrete levels pit shaft extends to 208 grids from 9 grids, reserves 20 meters buffer area at an end place of horizontal well.The internal diameter of horizontal shank is 9 and 5/8 inches.The steam flow of keeping in whole test in the horizontal well piping is 10m 3/ day (water equivalent), but this process is selectable.
Steam and oxidizing gas Injection Well
Move multiple model, wherein, have 1-5 vertically Injection Well be positioned the horizontal production well top, 6-9 grid middle punch being used for steam preheating (3 months), and at the top bore a hole with for air Injection in 4 grid places.It is 10,000m that the throughput of each Injection Well begins 3/ day, then be increased to maximum 100,000m 3/ day.
Table 1 reservoir attribute, oily attribute and well control system
Reservoir attribute
Reservoir
Unit Rock
Pay thickness M 20
Porosity % 33
Oil saturation % 80
Water saturation % 20
The gas molar fraction % 0
Horizontal permeation mD 6700
Vertical permeability mD 5360
Reservoir temperature ℃ 12
Reservoir pressure kPa 2600
The compressibility of rock /Kpa 3.5E-5
Electric conductivity J/m.d.C 1.5E+5
Heat capacity J/m 3.c 2.35E+6
Oil attribute (Athabasca pitch)
Density Kg/m 3 995.7
Viscosity CP 200,000
Molecular weight AMU 508
Molar fraction 0.886
Heat capacity
Enthalpy of combustion J/gmole 6.29E+7
Use following parameter to control each well
Maximum air Injection pressure kPa 6075
The minimum BHP of producing well kPa 2600
The air mass flow of each Injection Well m 3/ day 20k-100k
Test run
Carry out seven digital simulation operation tests: the result provides in table 2.Test 1 is in order to United States Patent (USP) 5,626,191 THAI method, and purpose as a comparison only.Test 2-7 has along the length of horizontal production well and is positioned at oxidizing gas Injection Well on the horizontal production well so that between the mid point of contiguous Injection Well or the distance between the end of producing well equate.As follows for the number of grid that the air Injection well location is put:
Test 1-9
Test 2-109
Test 3-59,158
Test 4-42,109,175
Test 5-29,69,109,149,188
Test 6-29,69,109,149,188
Found that the oil drainage from each Injection Well is finished simultaneously with this structure on horizontal well 8.Yet this Injection Well structure is not necessary.In the very asymmetric situation of Injection Well orientation, also can burn well.Contrast United States Patent (USP) 5,626,191(" THA TM" method) and well structure, if single Injection Well is positioned at the well toe of horizontal production well and has single drainage leading edge, so, test 2-7 has two to each air Injection well and drains leading edges.
Test 1-6 has identical total maximum air Injection amount, and namely 100,000m 3/ day, so that the efficient of each test can be compared with same air compressor capacity.For the test with a plurality of air Injection wells, overall air on average separates between each Injection Well.For example, in test 2, single Injection Well 6a receives all available air, and namely 100,000m 3/ day, but in test 6, having 5 Injection Wells, each Injection Well only receives 20,000m 3The air in/sky.In order to quantize to increase the income that overall air compressor capacity brings, in test 7, it is from 100,000m 3/ sky is increased to 300,000m 3/ day, each in 5 Injection Wells provides 60,000m 3The air in/sky.The air capacity of each Injection Well tilts to rise by following monthly plan, until reach maximum air capacity: 10, the 000m of target 3/ day; 20,000m 3/ day; 33,333m 3/ day; 50,000m 3/ day; 70,000m 3/ day; With 100,000m 3/ day.After reaching the maximum value of all expectation air capacity, this air capacity continues to rise until combustion front arrives well toe and the well heel of horizontal production well simultaneously.At this moment, being used for exit point sealing because oil reservoir covering horizontal well becomes that burning gases enter horizontal well, is necessary so control air capacity by injection pressure, otherwise, can exceed fracture pressure.The injection pressure of selected 4000kPa, and this pressure is enough to be full of the space that produces oil.Arrive the well toe and well heel of producing well in leading edge after, the air requirements amount is reduced widely by target max, and has therefore reduced gas/oil ratio rate.
" peak value oil productivity " refers to the highest oil productivity that reaches in test.For the test with 1 or 2 air Injection well.
Table 2 digital simulation result
Figure BDA00002492731900201
Figure BDA00002492731900211
* the result is used for THAI method---non-part of the present invention
Contrast test 1 and test 2 have two primary incomes.At first, after the First Year operation, for the situation of same Injection Well capital cost and same flow air compressing cost, test 2 provides the 28m that is higher than THAI far away 3The oil productivity in/sky: 47m 3/ day.This economy for oil exploitation is very important, and realizes by simply the air Injection well being moved to respect to the diverse location of THAI.The second, gas/oil ratio rate significantly reduces in test 2, is 1023 rather than 1291.The main running cost of combustion method is the air compressing cost of energy, thus, the method than the THAI method of using single center Injection Well low 20%[namely, (1291-1023)/1291].Except the income of early stage high oil productivity and low-yield cost, use the center Injection Well that higher oil recovery (the in position percentage of the place crude oil of gathering) is provided.
A plurality of situations that are positioned at the air Injection well above the horizontal production well are used in representative in test 3-6.Because the quantity of Injection Well increases, realized more incomes of early stage high oil productivity: 5 Injection Wells reach 90m 3/ day.And because a plurality of Injection Wells being arranged, the energy efficiency of the method has significantly improved, and reaches 764m 3Air/m 3Oil is compared with single center air Injection well and have been improved 25%.
Contrast test 6 and test 7, these two tests all have 5 Injection Wells, and its only difference is the air Injection flow.By with air capacity from every well 20,000m 3/ sky is increased to every well 60,000m 3/ day, and realized greater advantage on early stage oil productivity and the peak value oil productivity, but on energy efficiency slight reduction.Contrast test 7 and test 1(prior art), use the peak value air capacity of 5 air Injection wells and 3 times to make 5.57 times of First Year oil productivity risings.
Those of ordinary skill in the art can select the optimum combination between the air Injection well of air capacity and optimal number, to be used for specific reservoir and business environment, need to be drilled to such as the electricity charge (in order to air compressing) and Vertical Well this etc. parameter take into account.Should be noted in the discussion above that what is called " SMART " horizontal well can from brill plate (drilling pad) boring identical with horizontal well in this method, inject air with the each point place on reservoir top.Have independent perforated portion in the SMART well, and each perforated portion all passes through packer (packer) and mutually isolation, and have self the piping string that separates with ground, described piping string can be delivered to the special air amount each meshed portion.For example, when the lake being arranged on reservoir or when top had other obstruction that can hinder the vertical air Injection well of probing, the SMART well can be favourable.
Although more than described a plurality of specific embodiment of the present invention, should be understood that, be possible at other embodiment of the scope of the invention, and mean and be included in the present invention.Now, be apparent that for those of ordinary skill in the art, in situation about not departing from by the scope of the invention shown in the example of this paper, can carry out various modification (not shown) to the present invention.For the complete definition of the scope of the invention, should be with reference to claims.

Claims (21)

1. one kind is included in the viscosity of the oil in the oil-bearing reservoir and the improved combustion in situ method of gather described oil and burning gases in order to reduction from described reservoir, and described method is not used one or more independently burning gases ventilation wells, and described method comprises:
(a) provide at least one producing well, described producing well has the cardinal principle vertical portion that extends downwardly in the described reservoir, and have and be communicated with described vertical portion fluid and from the outward extending horizontal shank of described vertical portion level, described horizontal shank in reservoir relatively lower finish;
(b) provide at least one Injection Well, it is spaced apart with respect to described horizontal shank that described Injection Well is positioned at zone line and the described Injection Well of opposite end of described horizontal shank, and substantially directly be positioned at the top of described horizontal shank, oxidizing gas being injected the described reservoir of described horizontal shank top, and in the zone line of the mutual relative end of two of described horizontal shank;
(c) oxidizing gas is injected by described at least one Injection Well, and begin the hydrocarbon that in the close described reservoir of described Injection Well, burns, thereby set up at least one or a plurality of combustion front be positioned at described horizontal shank top, described one or more combustion fronts so that the viscosity of the oil in described reservoir above described horizontal shank reduce and be excreted to downwards in the described horizontal shank;
(d) the described oil that allows high-temperature combustion gas and viscosity to reduce is gathered together in described horizontal shank; And
(e) described high-temperature gas and described oily output are arrived ground; And
(f) at the well heel of described horizontal well or on ground described oil is separated with described high-temperature combustion gas.
2. the method for claim 1 is characterized in that, described at least one Injection Well injects described forming portion with oxidizing gas by described at least one Injection Well with the pressure that is lower than fracture pressure.
3. method as claimed in claim 1 or 2, it is characterized in that, described at least one Injection Well comprises along the length of described horizontal well and at it and mutually extends at least one vertical Injection Well of location downwards facing to described horizontal shank from ground in the centre position of relative end, and when injecting oxidizing gas and lighting oxidizing gas, described Injection Well is fed at least two combustion fronts with described oxidizing gas, and described combustion front is outwards mobile and move along the direction of the described horizontal shank of described producing well along opposite direction from described vertical Injection Well separately.
4. such as claim 1,2 or 3 described methods, it is characterized in that, a plurality of vertical Injection Wells are located above described horizontal well and along the length of described horizontal well, and combustion front begins at each described Injection Well place, advances outside the alignment of described horizontal well in opposite direction from each described Injection Well.
5. method as claimed in claim 1 or 2, it is characterized in that, described at least one Injection Well comprises the described horizontal shank top that is positioned at described producing well and the horizontal Injection Well that extends along the described horizontal shank of described producing well, in order to inject described oxidizing gas above the described horizontal shank of described producing well.
6. method as claimed in claim 5, it is characterized in that, described forming portion is injected with oxidizing gas in a plurality of positions of described at least one Injection Well above described horizontal shank, so that set up at least one pair of combustion front in each described position, described at least one pair of combustion front described horizontal shank along described producing well on the direction of the described horizontal shank of described producing well marches forward from each described position laterally with opposite direction.
7. the method for claim 1 is characterized in that, the burning gases of described heat are subsequently in order to heating water.
8. method as claimed in claim 7 is characterized in that, the water of described heating is subsequently in order to produce steam, to be used for using steam turbine power generation.
9. the method for claim 1 is characterized in that, described high-temperature combustion gas is utilized or is further burnt to generate electricity by use gas turbine or steam turbine.
10. such as each described method among the claim 1-9, it is characterized in that, piping is positioned in the described horizontal shank of described producing well, and from comprising water, steam, comprise carbon dioxide, choosing a kind of medium the group of the medium composition of the non-oxidized gas of hydrocarbon diluent and composition thereof and inject wherein.
11. method is characterized in that as described in claim 1, the internal diameter of the described horizontal shank of described producing well is greater than 3 inches.
12. method is characterized in that as described in claim 11, the internal diameter of the described horizontal shank of described producing well is greater than 5 inches.
13. method is characterized in that as described in claim 12, the internal diameter of the described horizontal shank of described producing well is greater than 7 inches.
14. each the described method as in claim 1-6 and 10 is characterized in that described oxidizing gas comprises oxygen and carbon dioxide.
15. each the described method as among the claim 1-6 is characterized in that, the maximum constraint by the injection flow of adjusting described oxidizing gas with the injection pressure of described oxidizing gas is being lower than 50% of reservoir pressure.
16. one kind is included in the viscosity of the oil in the oil-bearing reservoir and the improved combustion in situ method of gather described oil and burning gases in order to reduction from described reservoir, described method is not used one or more independently burning gases ventilation wells, and described method comprises:
(a) bore at least one producing well, described producing well has the cardinal principle vertical portion that extends downwardly in the described reservoir, and have and be communicated with described vertical portion fluid and from the outward extending horizontal shank of described vertical portion level, described horizontal shank in reservoir relatively lower finish;
(b) bore at least one Injection Well, described Injection Well directly is positioned described horizontal shank top and aligns with described horizontal shank, and in the zone line location of the opposite end of described horizontal shank or extend;
(c) described at least one Injection Well of the position of the opposed end zone line by being positioned at described horizontal shank top and described horizontal shank and oxidizing gas is injected described reservoir;
(d) beginning combustion in situ near in the described reservoir of described Injection Well, the combustion front that vertically extends to form at least one pair of, described combustion front advances with opposite direction side direction along described horizontal shank, described combustion front and is excreted to downwards in the described horizontal shank so that the viscosity of the oil in described forming portion reduces;
(e) the described oil that high-temperature combustion gas and viscosity reduces of in described horizontal shank, gathering; And
(f) described high-temperature gas and oily output are arrived ground; And
(g) at the Jing Genbuchu of described horizontal well or on ground described oil is separated with described high-temperature gas.
17. method as claimed in claim 16, it is characterized in that, the zone line that the step of described at least one Injection Well of brill is included in the opposed end of described horizontal shank bores at least one vertical Injection Well, and the step of described beginning combustion in situ comprises that close described at least one vertical Injection Well takes fire, to form along described horizontal shank with progressive at least one pair of combustion front that vertically extends of opposite direction side.
18. method as claimed in claim 17, it is characterized in that, the step of described at least one vertical Injection Well of brill comprises bores a plurality of vertical Injection Wells, and the step of described beginning combustion in situ comprises near taking fire along one in described a plurality of vertical Injection Wells of the zone line of described horizontal shank and opposed end thereof, thereby form thus along the combustion front of described horizontal shank with the opposite progressive a pair of vertical extension of direction side, and when the combustion front of described a pair of vertical extension when side direction is advanced through in described a plurality of Injection Wells another respectively along described horizontal wellbore, described reservoir is injected at oxidizing gas another place in described Injection Well.
19. method as claimed in claim 17, it is characterized in that, the step of described at least one vertical Injection Well of brill comprises a plurality of vertical Injection Well of the zone line that bores the opposed end that is located immediately at the top of described horizontal shank, aligns with described horizontal shank and is positioned at described horizontal shank, the step of described beginning combustion in situ comprises near each of described a plurality of vertical Injection Wells and taking fire, thereby forms thus along described horizontal shank with opposite direction and from the paired combustion front of each laterally progressive vertical extension of described a plurality of vertical Injection Wells.
20. method as claimed in claim 16, it is characterized in that, the step of described at least one vertical Injection Well of brill comprises bores the Injection Well be located immediately at the top of described horizontal shank, align with described horizontal shank and extend at the zone line of the opposed end of described horizontal shank, and the described step that oxidizing gas is injected described reservoir comprises described oxidizing gas injected and is arranged in above the described horizontal shank and along described horizontal shank and be positioned at described Injection Well and the forming portion of position of zone line of the opposed end of described horizontal shank; The step of described beginning combustion in situ comprises near being arranged in described horizontal shank top and taking fire along each position of the described position of described horizontal shank, thereby forms in each position along described horizontal shank with opposite direction and each position from described position progressive paired combustion front laterally.
21. one kind is included in the viscosity of the oil in the oil-bearing reservoir and the improved combustion in situ method of gather described oil and burning gases in order to reduction from described reservoir, described method is not used one or more independently burning gases ventilation wells, and described method comprises:
(a) provide at least one producing well, described producing well has the cardinal principle vertical portion that extends downwardly in the described reservoir, and have and be communicated with described vertical portion fluid and from the outward extending horizontal shank of described vertical portion level, described horizontal shank in reservoir relatively lower finish;
(b) provide a plurality of directly be positioned at described horizontal shank top and with a plurality of vertical Injection Well of described horizontal shank general alignment, described vertical Injection Well extends downwards towards described horizontal shank;
(c) oxidizing gas is injected described reservoir by at least two in the described Vertical Well;
(d) beginning combustion in situ near in the described reservoir of described at least two vertical Injection Wells, thereby form the combustion front of a pair of vertical extension at each described Injection Well place, described combustion front marches forward with each from described two vertical Injection Wells of opposite direction laterally along described horizontal shank at least, described combustion front and is excreted to downwards in the described horizontal shank so that the viscosity of the oil in the described forming portion reduces;
(e) the described oil that high-temperature combustion gas and viscosity reduces of in described horizontal shank, gathering; And
(f) after this, described high-temperature gas and oil while output are arrived ground; And
(g) on ground described oil is separated with described high-temperature gas.
CN2010800671294A 2010-03-30 2010-12-10 Improved in-situ combustion recovery process using single horizontal well to produce oil and combustion gases to surface Pending CN102933792A (en)

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US20130074470A1 (en) 2013-03-28
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