CN102967743A

CN102967743A - Direct-current potentiometer beneficial to management of instrument production enterprise

Info

Publication number: CN102967743A
Application number: CN201210528811XA
Authority: CN
Inventors: 骆君
Original assignee: Zhejiang Gongshang University
Current assignee: Zhejiang Gongshang University
Priority date: 2012-12-07
Filing date: 2012-12-07
Publication date: 2013-03-13

Abstract

The invention discloses a direct-current potentiometer beneficial to the management of an instrument production enterprise. Five measuring disks are provided with step switches with the same resistor and structure, and two working current regulating switches are of the similar structures, so that the types of resistors used by the direct-current potentiometer are few, the step switches are single in structure and convenience is brought for instrument production enterprises on the aspects such as material purchase, production arrangement, warehouse management and the like.

Description

A kind of DC potentiometer that is conducive to the management of instrument manufacturing enterprise

Technical field

The present invention relates to instrument that DC voltage is measured.

Background technology

Current, aspect voltage measurement, the place that precision is low is directly measured with digital voltmeter, DC potentiometer is adopted in the place that precision is high, DC potentiometer is divided into high potential DC potentiometer and low potential DC potentiometer by measuring voltage, be divided into bridge-type by circuit theory, partial pressure type, the series connection substituend, the voltage superposing type, electric current superposing type etc., the DC potentiometer precision has 6 ranks from 0.1 grade to 0.002 grade, DC potentiometer is mainly by various working current by-pass cockes, temp compensation switch, measuring step switch and various resistance wire-wound resistor forms, because DC potentiometer is of a great variety, makes instrument manufacturing enterprise want the stock a large amount of, the switch of various wire-wound resistors and multiple style.Wire-wound resistor also needs unaccelerated aging except artificial ageing, and the DC potentiometer precision is higher, and the used wire-wound resistor unaccelerated aging time is longer; Because the identical wire-wound resistor of profile similar resistance is placed in the same warehouse, is easy to mix up.Often there is the different DC potentiometer of precision producing on the production line, the wire-wound resistor of resistance and profile phase may be used on the DC potentiometer of different model, if long wire-wound resistor of unaccelerated aging time is used on the low precision DC potentiometer and just causes waste, short wire-wound resistor was used in and just made indiscoverable substandard products on the high precision DC potentiometer unaccelerated aging time, switch problem too, because the switch kind is many, just cause tank farm stock large, lacked a kind of switch instrument and just can not produce, these bring a lot of inconvenience all for the management of instrument manufacturing enterprise.

Summary of the invention

Purpose of the present invention, it is a kind of DC potentiometer of design, various measurement step switch are unified into to the greatest extent a kind of step switch, the resistance of measuring on the step switch is unified into a kind of resistance as far as possible, this has just significantly reduced the kind of former device, just can reduce business inventory, also make things convenient for management.

Technical scheme of the present invention is taked like this: DC potentiometer is comprised of step switch and resistance, but there are 24 by the hole of even circumferential distribution fixed contact or locating pin on every step switch, contact one side after fixing can with resistance welded, another side contacts with becket on the step switch by the brush on the brush holder, becket on the step switch is two mutual centrosymmetric, mutual disconnected semi-rings, every semi-ring all can with wire bonds; Step switch has three kinds by assembling form: the first is that the brush holder when step switch fills a brush and two semi-rings connect into a loopful with wire, by brush by clockwise slip contact respectively corresponding contact be 0,1,2 ... 21, totally 22 gears, all the other two holes are fixed with locating pin, floatless switch starting point of these two locating pins, another floatless switch terminating point; The second is that the brush holder of step switch fills two mutual centrosymmetric brushes, two semi-rings are 0 by brush by the contact that clockwise slip contacts respectively correspondence up and down, 1,2,9, totally 10 gears, upper semi-ring " 0 " gear is fixed with locating pin by the clockwise backward hole of a gear by hole and " 9 " gear of clockwise past previous gear, upper semi-ring " 2 " gear contact connects lower semi-ring " 0 " gear contact with wire, upper semi-ring " 3 " gear contact connects lower semi-ring " 1 " gear contact with wire, upper semi-ring " 4 " gear contact connects lower semi-ring " 2 " gear contact with wire, upper semi-ring " 5 " gear contact connects lower semi-ring " 3 " gear contact with wire, upper semi-ring " 6 " gear contact connects lower semi-ring " 4 " gear contact with wire, upper semi-ring " 7 " gear contact connects lower semi-ring " 5 " gear contact with wire, upper semi-ring " 8 " gear contact connects lower semi-ring " 6 " gear contact with wire, and upper semi-ring " 9 " gear contact connects lower semi-ring " 7 " gear contact with wire; The third is that the brush holder of step switch fills a brush, corresponding 11 contacts of semi-ring by form clockwise 0,1,2 ... 10 have 11 gears; DC potentiometer is used for the step switch R that working current is regulated _P1Adopt the first assembling form, welding 30 Ω resistance are one between every adjacent two contacts, just form 0,1,2 ... 21 have 22 gears and the identical step switch of each stepping resistance; DC potentiometer is used for the step switch R that working current is regulated _P2Also adopt the first assembling form, welding 1.5 Ω resistance are one between every adjacent two contacts, just

form

0,1,2 ... 21 have 22 gears and the identical step switch of each stepping resistance; Measurement dish I, measurement dish II, measurement dish III, measurement dish IV adopt the second assembling form; Measurement dish V adopts the third assembling form; The DC potentiometer working current is by the anodal step switch R that connects of 3V working power _P1" 0 " contact, step switch R _P1Loopful connect step switch R _P2" 0 " contact, step switch R _P2Loopful connect the adjustable resistance R of range of adjustment between 0～1.6 Ω _P3Set up resistance R by oversampling circuit node A and 1018 Ω _NConnect, pass through again range of adjustment lockable adjustable resistance R between 0～2 Ω _P4Be connected with circuit node B afterwards, connect " 0 " contact of measurement dish I again, 11 100 Ω resistance clearing end resistance pin of the upper semi-ring series connection of measurement dish I connect 620 Ω resistance R ₅Be connected with 3V working power negative pole afterwards; It is characterized in that 11 100 Ω resistance of the upper semi-ring series connection of measurement dish I, the 1st 100 Ω resistance welded " 0 ", " 1 " contact, the 2nd 100 Ω resistance welded " 1 ", " 2 " contact, the 3rd 100 Ω resistance welded " 2 ", " 3 " contact, the 4th 100 Ω resistance welded " 3 ", " 4 " contact, the 5th 100 Ω resistance welded " 4 ", " 5 " contact, the 6th 100 Ω resistance welded " 5 ", " 6 " contact, the 7th 100 Ω resistance welded " 6 ", " 7 " contact, the 8th 100 Ω resistance welded " 7 ", " 8 " contact, the 9th 100 Ω resistance welded " 8 ", " 9 " contact, a resistance pin welding of the 10th 100 Ω resistance " 9 " contact, another resistance pin welds lower semi-ring " 8 " gear contact after welding resistance pin of the 11st 100 Ω resistance, the 11st lower semi-ring " 9 " the gear contact of 100 Ω resistance another resistance pin welding; Measurement dish II, measurement dish III, the used resistance of measurement dish IV, resistance quantity and welding manner are all same with measurement dish I; The brush holder of measurement dish V fills a brush, and semi-ring is welded with 10 100 Ω resistance on corresponding 11 contacts, by form clockwise 0,1,2 ... 10 have 11 gears; 11 100 Ω resistance of the upper semi-ring series connection of measurement dish II, the upper semi-ring of initiating terminal resistance pin welding measurement dish I, 250 Ω resistance R in parallel between the lower semi-ring of clearing end resistance pin welding measurement dish I, initiating terminal resistance pin and clearing end resistance pin ₁, 11 100 Ω resistance of the upper semi-ring series connection of measurement dish III, the upper semi-ring of initiating terminal resistance pin welding measurement dish II, 250 Ω resistance R in parallel between the lower semi-ring of clearing end resistance pin welding measurement dish II, initiating terminal resistance pin and clearing end resistance pin ₂, 11 100 Ω resistance of the upper semi-ring series connection of measurement dish IV, the upper semi-ring of initiating terminal resistance pin welding measurement dish III, 250 Ω resistance R in parallel between the lower semi-ring of clearing end resistance pin welding measurement dish III, initiating terminal resistance pin and clearing end resistance pin ₃, 10 100 Ω resistance of the upper semi-ring series connection of measurement dish V, the upper semi-ring of initiating terminal resistance pin welding measurement dish IV, 250 Ω resistance R in parallel between the lower semi-ring of clearing end resistance pin welding measurement dish IV, initiating terminal resistance pin and clearing end resistance pin ₄, be used for connecting external measured U _XAnodal terminal be connected with Node B through the double-point double-throw switch K that is connected to galvanometer G between two normally closed contacts, connect external measured U _XThe negative pole terminal be connected with the semi-ring of measurement dish V.Included unsaturated standard cell E _NAnodal connecting circuit node A, included unsaturated standard cell E _NNegative pole connect 100K Ω R ₆After double-point double-throw switch K and the lockable adjustable resistance R through being connected to galvanometer G between two normally closed contacts again _P4Sliding contact connects.

By above technical scheme, measurement dish I, measurement dish II, measurement dish III, measurement dish IV, measurement dish V adopt identical resistance, the step switch structure is basic identical, the wire-wound resistor kind is few, the rotating switch of working current by-pass cock, measurement dish all adopts the same step switch, and the assembling mode is also similar, this has made things convenient for material purchases and scheduling of production, has also reduced production cost; The present invention of measurement dish has used five, can be increased to six, seven by principle, be actually not all right, although because in every measurement dish two brushes are arranged, their thermoelectrical potential equal and opposite in direction, opposite direction can be offset, but in five measurement dishes nine switches is arranged, thermoelectric potential influence cannot be ignored, therefore, adopt five measurement dishes that minimum resolution is decided to be 10 μ V, it is desirable allowing several μ V thermoelectrical potentials not affect the minimum step value.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is this DC potentiometer measurement dish I, measurement dish II, measurement dish III, the switch contact of measurement dish IV and the connection layout of resistance.In Fig. 1, rectangle represents resistance, and slightly black semi arch represents semi-ring, and four-headed arrow represents brush, and hollow small circle represents the contact, and two solid small circles represent two locating pins

Fig. 2 is the equivalent electrical circuit of measurement dish I, measurement dish II, measurement dish III, measurement dish IV, and thick black line represents the semi-ring of step switch among Fig. 2, and four-headed arrow represents brush, and small circle represents the contact.

Fig. 3 is the step switch R that this DC potentiometer working current is regulated _P1, step switch R _P2Switch contact and the connection layout of resistance,

In Fig. 3, rectangle represents resistance, and slightly black semi arch represents semi-ring, and four-headed arrow represents brush, and hollow small circle represents the contact, and two solid small circles represent two locating pins

Fig. 4 is that this DC potentiometer working current is regulated, step switch R _P1, step switch R _P2Equivalent electrical circuit, in Fig. 3, Fig. 4, R represents resistance among 21 * R, at step switch R _P1Middle R is 30 Ω, at step switch R _P2Middle R is 1.5 Ω.

Fig. 5 is the switch contact of this DC potentiometer measurement dish V and the connection layout of resistance.

In Fig. 5, rectangle represents resistance, and slightly black semi arch represents semi-ring, and four-headed arrow represents brush, and hollow small circle represents the contact, and two solid small circles represent two locating pins

Fig. 6 is the equivalent electrical circuit of measurement dish V,

Fig. 7 is the semi-ring that thick black line represents step switch among this DC potentiometer schematic circuit Fig. 3, four-headed arrow represents brush, small circle represents the contact, 21 * 30 Ω represent to have 21 30 Ω resistance string to be linked togather, in like manner, 21 * 1.5 Ω represent to have 21 1.5 Ω resistance string to be linked togather, and 11 * 100 Ω have 11 100 Ω resistance string to be linked togather.

Embodiment

In Fig. 7, be 10 100 Ω resistance of series connection on the measurement dish V semi-ring, totally 1000 Ω are with 250 Ω resistance R ₄With the resistance value that becomes 200 Ω after the parallel connection, on measurement dish IV, brush on lower two semi-rings is in parallel with two 100 Ω resistance on the measurement dish IV, so that two 100 Ω resistance two ends resistances in parallel are 100 Ω, therefore, because the existence of measurement dish V, making 100 Ω resistance two ends resistances of upper 11 series connection of measurement dish IV is 1000 Ω, in like manner, because measurement dish V, the existence of measurement dish IV, making 100 Ω resistance two ends resistances of upper 11 series connection of measurement dish III is 1000 Ω, because measurement dish V, measurement dish IV, the existence of measurement dish III, making 100 Ω resistance two ends resistances of upper 11 series connection of measurement dish II is 1000 Ω, measurement dish V, measurement dish IV, measurement dish III, the existence of measurement dish II, making 100 Ω resistance two ends resistances of upper 11 series connection of measurement dish I is 1000 Ω, the DC potentiometer working current is designed to 1mA, when the 1mA electric current flows through 100 Ω resistance of upper 11 series connection of measurement dish I, on the measurement dish I, two 100 Ω resistance between the lower semi-ring brush are because measurement dish II is in parallel with same resistance, so, flow through on the measurement dish I, the electric current of two 100 Ω resistance between the lower semi-ring brush is 0.5mA, flows through 250 Ω resistance R ₁With upper 11 the 100 Ω resistor currents of connecting of measurement dish II with also be 0.5mA, 250 Ω resistance R ₁Be 1000 Ω resistance value 1/4th, so 0.4mA current flowing resistance R ₁0.1mA electric current flows through 100 Ω resistance of upper 11 series connection of II, because upper each the stepping resistance of measurement dish I and measurement dish II is 100 Ω, electric current on the measurement dish II is 1/10th of the upper electric current of measurement dish I, the magnitude of voltage of upper each stepping of measurement dish II is 1/10th of upper each the stepped voltage value of measurement dish I, in like manner, the magnitude of voltage of upper each stepping of measurement dish III is 1/10th of upper each the stepped voltage value of measurement dish II, the magnitude of voltage of upper each stepping of measurement dish IV is 1/10th of upper each the stepped voltage value of measurement dish III, and the magnitude of voltage of upper each stepping of measurement dish V is 1/10th of upper each the stepped voltage value of measurement dish IV.

The electromotive force of every series-produced standard cell disperses, and between 1.0188V～1.0196V, standardized working current is 1mA, therefore sets up resistance R _NGet 1018 Ω, add the lockable adjustable resistance R of 0～2 Ω _P4, variation range that can the coverage criteria cell emf, 100K Ω resistance R ₆In order to prevent the standard cell heavy-current discharge.

Electromotive force was about 1.65V when dry cell was new, just abandon when following to 1.35V with old, in order to make dry cell under new, former affection condition, can both make the working current of voltage measuring apparatus be adjusted to standardization, the voltage measuring apparatus operating voltage is 3V, adopt two groups of dry cell series connection, for voltage measuring apparatus is worked, form step switch R by 21 300 Ω resistance between 2.7V～3.3V _P1, form step switch R by 21 1.5 Ω resistance _P2, adjustable resistance R _P3Range of adjustment is 0～1.6 Ω and the 620 Ω resistance R of connecting ₅

The standard operation electric current is like this calibration: at " U _x" two of two ends measure terminals and press 1V standard voltage signal on the polarity connection, K switch is thrown to the right, it is identical with standard voltage value that measurement dish indicating value is put full scale (1V) entirely, by the step switch R of adjusting working current _P1, step switch R _P2And adjustable resistance R _P3, make the galvanometer nulling, again K switch to be thrown to the left side, the electromotive force of unsaturated standard cell disperses when dispatching from the factory in factory, and between 1.0188V～1.0196V, sampling is with setting up resistance R _NResistance be 1018 Ω, 0～2 Ω adjustable resistance R has connected _P4, regulate adjustable resistance R _P4, make again nulling of galvanometer, again K switch is thrown to the right, regulate adjustable resistance R _P3, make the galvanometer nulling, again K switch is thrown to the left side, regulate adjustable resistance R _P4, make the galvanometer nulling, throw to the left side and throw when not regulating the equal nulling of galvanometer to the right when K switch, the working current of DC potentiometer is described with regard to standardization, namely set up ohmically pressure drop and unsaturated standard cell E _NElectromotive force equated, at this moment with adjustable resistance R _P4Locking, this DC potentiometer is from now on just as standard.

After the working current standardization, measurement dish I puts n ₁, measurement dish II puts n ₂, measurement dish III puts n ₃, measurement dish IV puts n ₄, measurement dish V puts n ₅, K switch is thrown to the right, is positioned at this moment that voltage is between two terminals of measurement:

U _X＝1×100n ₁+0.1×100n ₂+0.01×100n ₃+0.001×100n ₄+0.0001×100n ₅(mv)

＝100n ₁+10n ₂+n ₃+0.1n ₄+0.01n ₅(mv)

The voltage indicating value was expressed as 0.9999V+0.0001V when five measurement dishes were put full scale entirely, and namely full scale is 1V.

Claims

1. one kind is conducive to the DC potentiometer that instrument manufacturing enterprise manages, DC potentiometer is comprised of step switch and resistance, but there are 24 by the hole of even circumferential distribution fixed contact or locating pin on every step switch, contact one side after fixing can with resistance welded, another side contacts with becket on the step switch by the brush on the brush holder, becket on the step switch is two mutual centrosymmetric, mutual disconnected semi-rings, every semi-ring all can with wire bonds; Step switch has three kinds by assembling form: the first is that the brush holder of step switch fills two mutual centrosymmetric brushes, two semi-rings are 0 by brush by the contact that clockwise slip contacts respectively correspondence up and down, 1,2,9, totally 10 gears, upper semi-ring " 0 " gear is fixed with locating pin by the clockwise backward hole of a gear by hole and " 9 " gear of clockwise past previous gear, upper semi-ring " 2 " gear contact connects lower semi-ring " 0 " gear contact with wire, upper semi-ring " 3 " gear contact connects lower semi-ring " 1 " gear contact with wire, upper semi-ring " 4 " gear contact connects lower semi-ring " 2 " gear contact with wire, upper semi-ring " 5 " gear contact connects lower semi-ring " 3 " gear contact with wire, upper semi-ring " 6 " gear contact connects lower semi-ring " 4 " gear contact with wire, upper semi-ring " 7 " gear contact connects lower semi-ring " 5 " gear contact with wire, upper semi-ring " 8 " gear contact connects lower semi-ring " 6 " gear contact with wire, and upper semi-ring " 9 " gear contact connects lower semi-ring " 7 " gear contact with wire; The second is that the brush holder when step switch fills a brush and two semi-rings connect into a loopful with wire, by brush by clockwise slip contact respectively corresponding contact be 0,1,2 ... 21, totally 22 gears, all the other two holes are fixed with locating pin, floatless switch starting point of these two locating pins, another floatless switch terminating point; The third is that the brush holder of step switch fills a brush, corresponding 11 contacts of semi-ring by form clockwise 0,1,2 ... 10 have 11 gears; DC potentiometer is used for the step switch R that working current is regulated _P1Adopt the first assembling form, welding 30 Ω resistance are one between every adjacent two contacts, just form 0,1,2 ... 21 have 22 gears and the identical step switch of each stepping resistance; DC potentiometer is used for the step switch R that working current is regulated _P2Also adopt the first assembling form, welding 1.5 Ω resistance are one between every adjacent two contacts, just form 0,1,2 ... 21 have 22 gears and the identical step switch of each stepping resistance; Measurement dish I, measurement dish II, measurement dish III, measurement dish IV adopt the second assembling form; Measurement dish V adopts the third assembling form; The DC potentiometer working current is by the anodal step switch R that connects of 3V working power _P1" 0 " contact, step switch R _P1Loopful connect step switch R _P2" 0 " contact, step switch R _P2Loopful connect the adjustable resistance R of range of adjustment between 0～1.6 Ω _P3Set up resistance R by oversampling circuit node A and 1018 Ω _NConnect, pass through again range of adjustment lockable adjustable resistance R between 0～2 Ω _P4Be connected with circuit node B afterwards, connect " 0 " contact of measurement dish I again, 11 100 Ω resistance clearing end resistance pin of the upper semi-ring series connection of measurement dish I connect 620 Ω resistance R ₅Be connected with 3V working power negative pole afterwards; It is characterized in that 11 100 Ω resistance of the upper semi-ring series connection of measurement dish I, the 1st 100 Ω resistance welded " 0 ", " 1 " contact, the 2nd 100 Ω resistance welded " 1 ", " 2 " contact, the 3rd 100 Ω resistance welded " 2 ", " 3 " contact, the 4th 100 Ω resistance welded " 3 ", " 4 " contact, the 5th 100 Ω resistance welded " 4 ", " 5 " contact, the 6th 100 Ω resistance welded " 5 ", " 6 " contact, the 7th 100 Ω resistance welded " 6 ", " 7 " contact, the 8th 100 Ω resistance welded " 7 ", " 8 " contact, the 9th 100 Ω resistance welded " 8 ", " 9 " contact, a resistance pin welding of the 10th 100 Ω resistance " 9 " contact, another resistance pin welds lower semi-ring " 8 " gear contact after welding resistance pin of the 11st 100 Ω resistance, the 11st lower semi-ring " 9 " the gear contact of 100 Ω resistance another resistance pin welding; Measurement dish II, measurement dish III, the used resistance of measurement dish IV, resistance quantity and welding manner are all same with measurement dish I; The brush holder of measurement dish V fills a brush, and semi-ring is welded with 10 100 Ω resistance on corresponding 11 contacts, by form clockwise 0,1,2 ... 10 have 11 gears; 11 100 Ω resistance of the upper semi-ring series connection of measurement dish II, the upper semi-ring of initiating terminal resistance pin welding measurement dish I, 250 Ω resistance R in parallel between the lower semi-ring of clearing end resistance pin welding measurement dish I, initiating terminal resistance pin and clearing end resistance pin ₁, 11 100 Ω resistance of the upper semi-ring series connection of measurement dish III, the upper semi-ring of initiating terminal resistance pin welding measurement dish II, 250 Ω resistance R in parallel between the lower semi-ring of clearing end resistance pin welding measurement dish II, initiating terminal resistance pin and clearing end resistance pin ₂, 11 100 Ω resistance of the upper semi-ring series connection of measurement dish IV, the upper semi-ring of initiating terminal resistance pin welding measurement dish III, 250 Ω resistance R in parallel between the lower semi-ring of clearing end resistance pin welding measurement dish III, initiating terminal resistance pin and clearing end resistance pin ₃, 10 100 Ω resistance of the upper semi-ring series connection of measurement dish V, the upper semi-ring of initiating terminal resistance pin welding measurement dish IV, 250 Ω resistance R in parallel between the lower semi-ring of clearing end resistance pin welding measurement dish IV, initiating terminal resistance pin and clearing end resistance pin ₄, be used for connecting external measured U _XAnodal terminal be connected with Node B through the double-point double-throw switch K that is connected to galvanometer G between two normally closed contacts, connect external measured U _XThe negative pole terminal be connected with the semi-ring of measurement dish V.Included unsaturated standard cell E _NAnodal connecting circuit node A, included unsaturated standard cell E _NNegative pole connect 100K Ω R ₆After double-point double-throw switch K and the lockable adjustable resistance R through being connected to galvanometer G between two normally closed contacts again _P4Sliding contact connects.