CN102974218A - Obverse osmosis membrane reactor and integral type seawater desalination system and integral type seawater desalination technique - Google Patents
Obverse osmosis membrane reactor and integral type seawater desalination system and integral type seawater desalination technique Download PDFInfo
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- CN102974218A CN102974218A CN2012104648141A CN201210464814A CN102974218A CN 102974218 A CN102974218 A CN 102974218A CN 2012104648141 A CN2012104648141 A CN 2012104648141A CN 201210464814 A CN201210464814 A CN 201210464814A CN 102974218 A CN102974218 A CN 102974218A
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y02A20/124—Water desalination
- Y02A20/131—Reverse-osmosis
Abstract
The invention provides an obverse osmosis membrane reactor and an integral type seawater desalination system and seawater desalination technique. The obverse osmosis membrane reactor comprises a large shaft. A first absorbing liquid storage pool is arranged on the bottom portion of the large shaft. Partitioning walls are arranged inside the large shaft. The partitioning walls divide the large shaft into honeycomb secondary shafts. Secondary shafts comprise a storage secondary shaft, a traffic secondary shaft and a plurality of obverse osmosis membrane secondary shafts. The integral type seawater desalination system comprises the obverse osmosis membrane reactor and a nanofiltration device. The seawater desalination technique comprises an obverse osmosis procedure and a nanofiltration procedure. The integral type seawater desalination system is easy to operate and implement, easy to build and wide in applicability.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the desalinization field, be specifically related to a kind of forward osmosis membrane reactor and comprise Integral sea desalination system and the corresponding desalination process of this forward osmosis membrane reactor.
Background technology
Along with the continuous increase of industrial fast development and population, the consumption of water is increasing, and the shortage of freshwater resources and pollution have become a great problem of the puzzlement world today.In order to address this problem, the resource of desalinization and sewage is more and more paid attention in the whole world.
The area of earth surface 70.8% is awash, and wherein 97.5% water resource is the seawater that can't drink, and therefore obtaining freshwater resources by the method that desalinizes seawater is a kind of strategic choices.At present, desalinization worldwide is widely applied, and large quantities of Seawater Desalination Projects have all been built in a lot of coastal states and area in succession.According to statistics: whole world desalination installed capacity increases with the average speed in every year 12% in 5 years in the past, and whole world desalination in the end of the year 2010 is produced the water scale and reached 65 * 10
6m
3/ d.
At present, desalination technology mainly contains following four kinds: the way of distillation, carry out desalinization such as multistage flash evaporation and multiple-effect distillation.The method need to heat to be undergone phase transition water to become steam, then allows steam condensing collect, and its defective is that the heating process energy consumption is very large, and cost is higher; Ion-exchange utilizes ion exchange resin to isolate fresh water, and its defective is that ion exchange resin is saturated easily, and resin regeneration need to expend a large amount of soda acids, and cost is high; Electroosmose process utilizes the Novel ion exchange membrane that seawater is separated into fresh water and condensed water; Hyperfiltration adopts reverse osmosis membrane, and seawater is applied one greater than the external pressure of its osmotic pressure, and the pure water that promotes in the seawater passes through reverse osmosis membrane, and the method is simple, but energy consumption is still larger, and cost is higher.
Summary of the invention
In order to solve the problems of the technologies described above, the Integral sea desalination system and the corresponding desalination process that the invention provides a kind of forward osmosis membrane reactor and comprise this forward osmosis membrane reactor, the present invention adopts forward osmosis membrane technique to draw fresh water in the seawater, utilize the dense water of nanofiltration device as drawing liquid, reduce investment outlay, cost is low, and operating cost is low.
Technical scheme of the present invention is as follows:
A kind of forward osmosis membrane reactor, described forward osmosis membrane reactor comprises a pozo, the bottom of described pozo is provided with first and draws the liquid storage pool, in described pozo, be provided with divider wall, described divider wall is divided into cellular sub-vertical shaft with described pozo, and described sub-vertical shaft comprises storage sub-vertical shaft, a sub-vertical shaft of traffic and the sub-vertical shaft of several forward osmosis membranes;
In the sub-vertical shaft of each described forward osmosis membrane, be provided with the forward osmosis membrane unit;
The sub-vertical shaft of described storage is connected with the sub-vertical shaft of described forward osmosis membrane, and the sub-vertical shaft of described forward osmosis membrane and described first draws the liquid storage pool and is connected, and the sub-vertical shaft of described traffic and described first draws the liquid storage pool and is connected.
Among embodiment, described forward osmosis membrane reactor is arranged on the position that is lower than 30 ~ 200 meters on sea level therein.
Therein among embodiment, the upper end closed of the sub-vertical shaft of described storage and the sub-vertical shaft of forward osmosis membrane, the sub-vertical shaft upper end open of described traffic, the sub-vertical shaft of described traffic communicates with atmosphere.
Therein among embodiment, described forward osmosis membrane unit is divided into up and down two Room with the sub-vertical shaft of described forward osmosis membrane, the the first concentrated water discharge mouth that is provided with the first sea intake in the upper chamber of the sub-vertical shaft of described forward osmosis membrane and is connected with the sub-vertical shaft of described storage, the lower chamber of the sub-vertical shaft of described forward osmosis membrane be provided with first draw the liquid import and with described first draw that the liquid storage pool is connected first draw the liquid outlet.
Therein among embodiment, two Room about described forward osmosis membrane unit is divided into the sub-vertical shaft of described forward osmosis membrane, the concentrated water discharge mouth that is provided with sea intake and is connected with the sub-vertical shaft of described storage in the left chamber of the sub-vertical shaft of described forward osmosis membrane, the right ventricle of the sub-vertical shaft of described forward osmosis membrane be provided with draw the liquid import and with described first draw that the liquid storage pool is connected draw the liquid outlet.
Among embodiment, described forward osmosis membrane reactor also comprises the sea water preprocessing device therein.
Another object of the present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions:
A kind of Integral sea desalination system, comprise nanofiltration device, also comprise aforesaid forward osmosis membrane reactor, the second concentrated water discharge mouth of described nanofiltration device draws the liquid import with first of the sub-vertical shaft of forward osmosis membrane of described forward osmosis membrane reactor and is connected, and the water inlet of described nanofiltration device draws the liquid storage pool with first of described forward osmosis membrane reactor and is connected.
Among embodiment, be provided with the first supply-water pump in the sub-vertical shaft of the traffic of described forward osmosis membrane reactor therein, described the first supply-water pump is used for the water inlet that liquid is delivered to nanofiltration device that draws that draws the liquid storage pool with described first.
Therein among embodiment, described Integral sea desalination system comprises that also second draws the liquid storage pool, described second draws the liquid storage pool is communicated with the concentrated water discharge mouth of described nanofiltration device, and described second draws first the drawing the liquid import and be connected of the sub-vertical shaft of forward osmosis membrane of liquid storage pool and described forward osmosis membrane reactor.
Among embodiment, described nanofiltration device is arranged in the sub-vertical shaft of traffic of described forward osmosis membrane reactor therein.
The present invention also provides a kind of Integral sea desalinating process, and described desalination process comprises and just permeates operation and nanofiltration operation:
The described operation of just permeating is finished by the forward osmosis membrane reactor; Be provided with in the described forward osmosis membrane reactor and just permeate sub-vertical shaft, describedly just permeating sub-vertical shaft and be provided with the forward osmosis membrane unit, liquid is drawn in the dense water conduct that described forward osmosis membrane unit adopts nanofiltration device to produce, and adopt seawater as feeding liquid, described dense glassware for drinking water has the osmotic pressure higher than seawater, flow into nanofiltration device as the water inlet of nanofiltration device behind the dense water of a part of fresh water in the seawater through forward osmosis membrane and dense water formation dilution, and the residue concentrated water drainage of described seawater goes out the forward osmosis membrane unit;
Described nanofiltration operation is finished by nanofiltration device; The water inlet of described nanofiltration device is the dense water of the dilution that produces of described forward osmosis membrane reactor, and the dense water of described nanofiltration device enters the forward osmosis membrane reactor as the liquid that draws of forward osmosis membrane unit.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows:
(1) Integral sea desalination system equipment cost of the present invention is low, and operating cost is low, and it is simple to install required equipment, does not need to arrange external pressure equipment;
(2) forward osmosis membrane device of the present invention adopts the dense water conduct of nanofiltration device to draw liquid, has saved investment and the equipment that draws liquid that disposes, simultaneously so that the dense water of nanofiltration device has obtained effective utilization;
(3) operation is simple for Integral sea desalination system of the present invention, is easy to build, and applicability is wide.
Description of drawings
Below in conjunction with concrete drawings and the specific embodiments, the present invention is further elaborated.
Fig. 1 is the overall schematic of an embodiment of forward osmosis membrane reactor of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is the cutaway view of the A-A of forward osmosis membrane reactor shown in Figure 1;
Fig. 3 is the overall schematic of an embodiment of Integral sea desalination system of the present invention;
Fig. 4 is the overall schematic of another embodiment of Integral sea desalination system of the present invention.
The specific embodiment
For make forward osmosis membrane reactor of the present invention and comprise the Integral sea desalination system of this forward osmosis membrane reactor and purpose, technical scheme and the advantage of corresponding desalination process clearer, below in conjunction with the drawings and specific embodiments, the present invention is further elaborated.
Embodiment one
Referring to Fig. 1 and Fig. 2, the invention provides a kind of forward osmosis membrane reactor, described forward osmosis membrane reactor comprises a pozo 1, the bottom of described pozo is provided with first and draws liquid storage pool 2, in described pozo, be provided with divider wall, described divider wall is divided into cellular sub-vertical shaft with described pozo, and described sub-vertical shaft comprises storage sub-vertical shaft 3, a sub-vertical shaft 4 of traffic and the sub-vertical shaft 5 of several forward osmosis membranes; In the sub-vertical shaft of each described forward osmosis membrane, be provided with independent forward osmosis membrane unit 6; The sub-vertical shaft 3 of described storage is connected with the sub-vertical shaft 5 of described forward osmosis membrane, and the sub-vertical shaft 5 of described forward osmosis membrane and described first draws liquid storage pool 2 and is connected, and the sub-vertical shaft 4 of described traffic and described first draws liquid storage pool 2 and is connected.In the present embodiment, in order to save the space, the sub-vertical shaft 3 of storage is arranged on the medium position of pozo 1, evenly arranges around the sub-vertical shaft of storage with the sub-vertical shaft 5 of several forward osmosis membranes and store sub-vertical shaft 3.
Present embodiment provides a kind of forward osmosis membrane reactor, build for convenient, this forward osmosis membrane reactor monolith is a pozo, the bottom of this pozo is provided with first and draws the liquid storage pool, and described first draws the liquid storage pool is used for storing the liquid that draws through after the dilution after the forward osmosis membrane reactor for treatment; By being set, divider wall pozo can be divided into the sub-vertical shaft of several functions in pozo, one of them sub-vertical shaft is the sub-vertical shaft of storage, the sub-vertical shaft of described storage is used for storing the concentrated salt solution through after the forward osmosis membrane reactor for treatment, one of them sub-vertical shaft is access well, and described access well is used for the liquid that draws after the dilution is delivered to aftertreatment device or direct reuse; Remaining sub-vertical shaft all is set to the sub-vertical shaft of forward osmosis membrane, in the sub-vertical shaft of forward osmosis membrane the forward osmosis membrane unit is set, described forward osmosis membrane unit and the sub-vertical shaft of described forward osmosis membrane is combined closely in case leak-stopping water; Enter the sub-vertical shaft of storage in order to make through the dense water after the forward osmosis membrane reactor for treatment, storing sub-vertical shaft should be connected with the sub-vertical shaft of forward osmosis membrane, stores the bottom that position that sub-vertical shaft should be connected with the sub-vertical shaft of forward osmosis membrane should be arranged on the sub-vertical shaft of forward osmosis membrane; First draws the liquid storage pool is used for storing the liquid that draws through after the dilution after the forward osmosis membrane reactor for treatment, and therefore first draws the liquid storage pool and should be connected with the sub-vertical shaft of forward osmosis membrane.The liquid that draws in the present embodiment can be the liquid that draws of commonly using, as long as this draws liquid and has the osmotic pressure that is higher than seawater.
Forward osmosis membrane in the forward osmosis membrane unit in the present embodiment can be the pellicle of any type, as long as they can allow solvent such as water etc. to pass through, but controlling various types of dissolving solutes (sodium salt, sylvite, magnesium salts, calcium salt, villaumite, nitrate, sulfate, carbonate and other salts, sugar, protein and other compounds) passes through.Described forward osmosis membrane can be assembled the assembly that is made into various structures, including, but not limited to hollow-fibre membrane, tubular membrane, capillary-pipe film, Flat Membrane and rolled film.The material of forward osmosis membrane can be that organic material also can be inorganic material.These materials are including, but not limited to cellulose acetate, the material of Triafol T, polysulfones, polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), polyamide, other compound types, ceramic material.The structure of forward osmosis membrane can be that dissymmetrical structure also can be composite construction (comprising support membrane and composite membrane).
Seawater enters the forward osmosis membrane reactor under Action of Gravity Field, then enter a side of the forward osmosis membrane unit of the sub-vertical shaft of forward osmosis membrane; Draw on the other hand liquid also enters the forward osmosis membrane unit by Action of Gravity Field opposite side, draw liquid and have the osmotic pressure higher than seawater, order about at least a portion fresh water in the seawater and flow to a side of drawing liquid by forward osmosis membrane, draw liquid owing to increased a part of fresh water so that solute concentration reduces the liquid that draws that forms dilution.Forward osmosis membrane reactor in the present embodiment produces two kinds of water: a kind of is the liquid that draws after the dilution, and another kind is concentrated salt solution.The liquid that draws after the dilution enters first and draws the liquid storage pool and be delivered to subsequent processing device or direct reuse by access well, and the formed concentrated salt solution of a side of seawater then enters the sub-vertical shaft of storage, pump 31 can be set will concentrate salt solution and deliver to the brine discharge point.Forward osmosis membrane reactor of the present invention is built simple, invest lowly, and operating cost is low, seawater with draw liquid and enter the forward osmosis membrane reactor and all rely on Action of Gravity Field, and forward osmosis membrane does not need external pressure.
Better, as a kind of embodiment, described forward osmosis membrane unit 6 is arranged on the position that is lower than 30 ~ 200 meters on sea level.Be conducive to like this seawater and draw liquid under action of gravitation, enter system, and can utilize deep sea hydraulic to increase the membrane flux of forward osmosis membrane.Along with the increase of the degree of depth of forward osmosis membrane reactor, the hydraulic pressure that bears with side contact with sea water the forward osmosis membrane of forward osmosis membrane unit also constantly increases.
Better, as a kind of embodiment, described forward osmosis membrane unit 6 is arranged on the position that is lower than 40 meters on sea level.At this moment, the well head of the sub-vertical shaft of described forward osmosis membrane and the vertical range between the sea level are 10 meters, and the shaft bottom of the sub-vertical shaft of described forward osmosis membrane and the vertical range between the sea level are 40 meters.More excellent, described forward osmosis membrane reactor is arranged on the position that is lower than 40 meters on sea level in the deep-sea.
Better, as a kind of embodiment, the upper end closed of the sub-vertical shaft 3 of described storage and the sub-vertical shaft 5 of forward osmosis membrane, sub-vertical shaft 4 upper end open of described traffic, the sub-vertical shaft 4 of described traffic communicates with atmosphere.The upper end of the sub-vertical shaft of described traffic communicates with atmosphere, and such first to draw the pressure that liquid storage pool 2 bears be exactly atmospheric pressure.When the forward osmosis membrane reactor is arranged in the deep-sea, can utilizes pipeline to stretch into the water-bed sub-vertical shaft of traffic of realizing and communicate with atmosphere.
Better, as a kind of embodiment, described forward osmosis membrane unit 6 is divided into up and down two Room with the sub-vertical shaft 5 of described forward osmosis membrane, the the first concentrated water discharge mouth that is provided with the first sea intake in the upper chamber of the sub-vertical shaft 5 of described forward osmosis membrane and is connected with the sub-vertical shaft of described storage, the lower chamber of the sub-vertical shaft of described forward osmosis membrane be provided with first draw the liquid import and with described first draw that the liquid storage pool is connected first draw the liquid outlet.Perhaps, better, as a kind of embodiment, two Room about described forward osmosis membrane unit is divided into the sub-vertical shaft of described forward osmosis membrane, the concentrated water discharge mouth that is provided with sea intake 51 and is connected with the sub-vertical shaft of described storage in the left chamber of the sub-vertical shaft of described forward osmosis membrane, the right ventricle of the sub-vertical shaft of described forward osmosis membrane be provided with first draw the liquid import and with described first draw that the liquid storage pool is connected draw liquid outlet 52.In the present embodiment, the forward osmosis membrane unit can be arranged on one independently in the film framework, whole independently film frame installation in the sub-vertical shaft of forward osmosis membrane, can be winched to ground with the forward osmosis membrane unit mechanically like this and maintains and clean.
Better, as a kind of embodiment, described forward osmosis membrane reactor also comprises sea water preprocessing device 7.Can prolong like this service life of forward osmosis membrane unit, prolong service time.Described sea water preprocessing device can be the simple filter of the suspensions such as the filtration sandstone commonly used, algae.
Embodiment two
Referring to Fig. 3, present embodiment provides a kind of Integral sea desalination system on the basis of embodiment one, this seawater desalination system comprises nanofiltration device 8 and embodiment one described forward osmosis membrane reactor, the second concentrated water discharge mouth 81 of described nanofiltration device 8 draws the liquid import with first of the sub-vertical shaft of forward osmosis membrane of described forward osmosis membrane reactor and is connected, and the water inlet of described nanofiltration device 8 draws liquid storage pool 2 with first of described forward osmosis membrane reactor and is connected.Present embodiment is with the aftertreatment device of nanofiltration device as the forward osmosis membrane reactor, will be through the dilution after the forward osmosis membrane reactor for treatment draw liquid as the water inlet of nanofiltration device, and the dense water after the processing of process nanofiltration device can be used as the liquid that draws of forward osmosis membrane reactor, formed circulation, realized the maximum using of water resource, minimized so that the sewage of the discharging that produces reaches.Nanofiltration device in the present embodiment can be existing commercially available nanofiltration device.
Better, as a kind of embodiment, in the sub-vertical shaft 4 of the traffic of described forward osmosis membrane reactor, be provided with the first supply-water pump 41, described the first supply-water pump 41 be used for described first draw liquid storage pool 2 dilution draw the water inlet that liquid is delivered to nanofiltration device.In the present embodiment, the sub-vertical shaft 4 of traffic communicates with atmosphere, and the liquid that draws after therefore need to will diluting by supply-water pump is delivered to nanofiltration device.Preferably, described supply-water pump can be but be not limited to plunger displacement pump, centrifugal pump and membrane pump.The pump material can be any material, as long as this material can not react with the solute and the solvent that draw in the liquid of dilution, and this material also must can bear enough pressure.The pressure that described compression pump provides must be enough large, makes solvent can overcome resistance and see through NF membrane.
Better, as a kind of embodiment, described Integral sea desalination system comprises that also second draws the liquid storage pool, described second draws the liquid storage pool is communicated with the concentrated water discharge mouth of described nanofiltration device, and described second draws first the drawing the liquid import and be connected of the sub-vertical shaft of forward osmosis membrane of liquid storage pool and described forward osmosis membrane reactor.In order conveniently to draw the storage of liquid, present embodiment is provided with second and draws the liquid storage pool, and described second draws the liquid that draws that dense water that the liquid storage pool is used for storing nanofiltration device is namely stored the forward osmosis membrane reactor.Described second draws the top that the liquid storage pool is arranged on described forward osmosis membrane reactor.
Referring to Fig. 4, described nanofiltration device 8 can arrange on the ground, only need to squeeze into the water inlet of nanofiltration device and gets final product by the liquid that draws that supply-water pump will dilute.Better, as a kind of embodiment, referring to Fig. 3, in the sub-vertical shaft 4 of the traffic that described nanofiltration device 8 is arranged on described forward osmosis membrane reactor.At this moment, the second concentrated water discharge mouth 81 of described nanofiltration device 8 draws liquid import 51 with first of the sub-vertical shaft of forward osmosis membrane of described forward osmosis membrane reactor and is connected, and the water inlet 82 of described nanofiltration device 8 draws liquid storage pool 2 with first of described forward osmosis membrane reactor and is connected.Arrange like this, the pressure that one side of described nanofiltration device is born is atmospheric pressure, and the pressure that the opposite side of described nanofiltration device bears is Underwater Pressure, the pressure reduction of both sides can so that the liquid that draws after the dilution is that the water inlet of nanofiltration device does not need additionally to apply external pressure by nanofiltration device, can be saved equipment investment like this as driving force.Nanofiltration device in the present embodiment produces two kinds of water: a kind of is the infiltration water that sees through NF membrane, can be used as drinking water, can be transported to assigned address by devices such as supply-water pumps; A kind of is that the nanofiltration concentrate is the dense water of nanofiltration device, can be transported to second by supply-water pump and draw the liquid storage pool.
Embodiment three
Present embodiment provides a kind of Integral sea desalinating process, and described desalination process comprises and just permeates operation and nanofiltration operation:
The described operation of just permeating is finished by the forward osmosis membrane reactor; Be provided with in the described forward osmosis membrane reactor and just permeate sub-vertical shaft, describedly just permeating sub-vertical shaft and be provided with the forward osmosis membrane unit, liquid is drawn in the dense water conduct that described forward osmosis membrane unit adopts nanofiltration device to produce, and adopt seawater as feeding liquid, described dense glassware for drinking water has the osmotic pressure higher than seawater, a part of fresh water in the seawater see through forward osmosis membrane with draw liquid form dilution draw liquid after flow into nanofiltration device as the water inlet of nanofiltration device, and the residue concentrated water drainage of described seawater goes out the forward osmosis membrane unit; Embodiment one only is a kind of embodiment, can design according to design parameter and actual conditions the vertical shaft of other structures.
Described nanofiltration operation is finished by nanofiltration device; The water inlet of described nanofiltration device is the liquid that draws of the dilution that produces of described forward osmosis membrane reactor, and the dense water of described nanofiltration device enters the forward osmosis membrane reactor as the liquid that draws of forward osmosis membrane unit.
Described technical process of just permeating operation is: seawater enters pretreatment unit under Action of Gravity Field, make seawater quality reach the water quality requirement of forward osmosis membrane unit after, under Action of Gravity Field, enter the sub-vertical shaft of forward osmosis membrane; The dense water that is produced by nanofiltration device namely draws liquid enters the forward osmosis membrane unit by Action of Gravity Field opposite side, because drawing liquid has the osmotic pressure higher than seawater, so that at least a portion fresh water in the seawater flows to a side of drawing liquid by forward osmosis membrane, a part of fresh water in the seawater see through forward osmosis membrane with draw liquid form dilution draw liquid after flow into nanofiltration device as the water inlet of nanofiltration device, and the residue concentrated water drainage of described seawater goes out the forward osmosis membrane unit.
The described operation of just permeating can be moved under different process conditions; Described seawater and draw mode that liquid acts on the forward osmosis membrane surface both can be static also can be cross-current type; Described temperature is little to technogenic influence, and described temperature is 4 ℃-50 ℃ temperature range operation; Described seawater and the pH value of drawing liquid are generally 2-11, and preferably, described seawater and the pH value of drawing liquid are between 6-8.Preferably, in order to keep the structural intergrity of forward osmosis membrane, seawater and draw two kinds of solution of liquid and do the mechanical strength that hydraulic pressure that face upper reaches movable property gives birth to should be lower than forward osmosis membrane.
The technical process of described nanofiltration operation is: the liquid that draws of dilution draws the liquid storage pool from first and enters nanofiltration device as the water inlet of nanofiltration device by elevator pump, and the dense water that nanofiltration device produces is back to the forward osmosis membrane reactor as drawing liquid.
When utilizing the nanofiltration operation to separate, under certain pressure, the liquid that draws of dilution is introduced into NF membrane Surface Contact with nanofiltration device.With the process of NF membrane Surface Contact in, dilution draw the pressure that liquid obtains to continue by compression pump or other modes.Like this, under the driving of hydraulic pressure, the solvent that draws in the liquid of dilution enters NF membrane permeate collection device by NF membrane, perhaps is called effluent collector.What NF membrane can only allow dilution draws water in the liquid by holding back solute.Simultaneously, after the separation of NF membrane separating process, draw liquid and some remaining solvents and be collected together.Draw liquid and some remaining solvents and can by again as the liquid that draws that just permeates in the operation, draw the required solute consumption of liquid thereby reduce configuration.
Described NF membrane can be assembled the assembly that is made into various structures, including, but not limited to hollow-fibre membrane, tubular membrane, capillary-pipe film, Flat Membrane and rolled film.Preferably, the material of described NF membrane can be that organic material also can be inorganic material.These materials are including, but not limited to cellulose acetate, the material of Triafol T, polysulfones, polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), polyamide, other compound types, ceramic material.Preferably, described NF membrane structure can be that dissymmetrical structure also can be the composite construction that comprises support membrane and composite membrane.
Described nanofiltration operation can be moved under different process conditions.Preferably, described dilution to draw the mode that liquid acts on the NF membrane surface generally be cross-current type.In the described nanofiltration operation, its technological temperature moves 4 ℃ ~ 50 ℃ temperature range.The pH value of drawing liquid of dilution can be 2-11.Preferably, in some concrete application, pH value scope can be between 6-8 or neutrality.
Just permeating and referring to that water or other solvents flow to the process in low territory, water chemistry gesture (or than a hyperosmosis) lateral areas by permselectivity membrane from territory, higher water chemistry gesture (or than a Hyposmolality) lateral areas.Introduce respectively two kinds of solution with different osmotic in the both sides with permselectivity membrane, a kind of for having the material liquid (Feed solution) than Hyposmolality, another kind of for having the driving liquid (Draw solution) than hyperosmosis, just permeating utilized just film both sides solution permeable pressure head as driving force arrive and drive liquid one side so that water or other solvents can see through permselectivity membrane from material liquid one side.
Can produce osmotic pressure extracts target solvent (pure water) from seawater purpose in order to reach of the present invention, as a kind of embodiment, in the present embodiment, seawater is introduced into the one side of forward osmosis membrane or other similar films and contacts; The liquid that draws that concentration always is higher than seawater is introduced into the other one side of forward osmosis membrane or other similar films and contacts.By seawater, forward osmosis membrane with draw in the system that liquid forms, the permeable pressure head that the salinity difference of two kinds of solution produces will become the driving force of system this.Under the effect of this driving force, the pure water in the seawater will enter through forward osmosis membrane and draw in the liquid, and the solvent that draws like this in the liquid increases and the solute concentration reduction.Along with the quantity of solvent of drawing in the liquid increases, draw liquid and be diluted, become the liquid that draws of dilution.Then, described dilution draw the side that liquid was collected and was transported to NF membrane, by the NF membrane separating process most of solvent extraction of drawing in the liquid of dilution is out become final products.
Seawater in the present embodiment can be bitter, waste water also, comprises industrial wastewater, municipal wastewater, contains the contaminated aqueous solution of ion and all kinds organic compound; It also can be the secondary effluent of sewage treatment plant.The desalination process of present embodiment is applicable to multiple-quality water.Be delivered to subsequent technique after the concentrated salt solution of process forward osmosis membrane reactor can be collected and use, also can further process generating salt solution or the precipitation that contains single solute or multiple solute, and then re-use as mineral matter or other byproducts.
At last, need to prove, in this patent document, the relational terms such as first, second grade only is used for an entity or operation are made a distinction with another entity or operation, and not necessarily requires or hint and have any relation or sequentially between these entities or the operation.And, in this patent document, term " comprises ", " comprising " or its any other variant, it is intended to contain but not exclusive inclusion, thereby so that comprise process, method, article or the equipment of a series of key elements, not only comprise these key elements, but also comprise and clearly not listing and other key elements that those skilled in the art can know, perhaps also be included as the known requisite key element of these processes, method, article or equipment.
The above embodiment has only expressed several embodiment of the present invention, and it describes comparatively concrete and detailed, but can not therefore be interpreted as the restriction to claim of the present invention.Should be pointed out that for the person of ordinary skill of the art without departing from the inventive concept of the premise, can also make some distortion and improvement, these all belong to protection scope of the present invention.Therefore, the protection domain of patent of the present invention should be as the criterion with claims.
Claims (11)
1. forward osmosis membrane reactor is characterized in that:
Described forward osmosis membrane reactor comprises a pozo, the bottom of described pozo is provided with first and draws the liquid storage pool, in described pozo, be provided with divider wall, described divider wall is divided into cellular sub-vertical shaft with described pozo, and described sub-vertical shaft comprises storage sub-vertical shaft, a sub-vertical shaft of traffic and the sub-vertical shaft of several forward osmosis membranes;
In the sub-vertical shaft of each described forward osmosis membrane, be provided with the forward osmosis membrane unit;
The sub-vertical shaft of described storage is connected with the sub-vertical shaft of described forward osmosis membrane, and the sub-vertical shaft of described forward osmosis membrane and described first draws the liquid storage pool and is connected, and the sub-vertical shaft of described traffic and described first draws the liquid storage pool and is connected.
2. forward osmosis membrane reactor according to claim 1 is characterized in that:
Described forward osmosis membrane unit is arranged on the position that is lower than 30 ~ 200 meters on sea level.
3. forward osmosis membrane reactor according to claim 2 is characterized in that:
The upper end closed of the sub-vertical shaft of described storage and the sub-vertical shaft of forward osmosis membrane, the sub-vertical shaft upper end open of described traffic, the sub-vertical shaft of described traffic communicates with atmosphere.
4. forward osmosis membrane reactor according to claim 3 is characterized in that:
Described forward osmosis membrane unit is divided into up and down two Room with the sub-vertical shaft of described forward osmosis membrane, the the first concentrated water discharge mouth that is provided with the first sea intake in the upper chamber of the sub-vertical shaft of described forward osmosis membrane and is connected with the sub-vertical shaft of described storage, the lower chamber of the sub-vertical shaft of described forward osmosis membrane be provided with first draw the liquid import and with described first draw that the liquid storage pool is connected first draw the liquid outlet.
5. forward osmosis membrane reactor according to claim 3 is characterized in that:
Two Room about described forward osmosis membrane unit is divided into the sub-vertical shaft of described forward osmosis membrane, the concentrated water discharge mouth that is provided with sea intake and is connected with the sub-vertical shaft of described storage in the left chamber of the sub-vertical shaft of described forward osmosis membrane, the right ventricle of the sub-vertical shaft of described forward osmosis membrane be provided with draw the liquid import and with described first draw that the liquid storage pool is connected draw the liquid outlet.
6. it is characterized in that according to claim 4 or 5 described forward osmosis membrane reactors:
Described forward osmosis membrane reactor also comprises the sea water preprocessing device.
7. Integral sea desalination system, comprise nanofiltration device, it is characterized in that: also comprise the described forward osmosis membrane reactor of claim 1 ~ 6 any one, the second concentrated water discharge mouth of described nanofiltration device draws the liquid import with first of the sub-vertical shaft of forward osmosis membrane of described forward osmosis membrane reactor and is connected, and the water inlet of described nanofiltration device draws the liquid storage pool with first of described forward osmosis membrane reactor and is connected.
8. Integral sea desalination system according to claim 7 is characterized in that:
Be provided with the first supply-water pump in the sub-vertical shaft of the traffic of described forward osmosis membrane reactor, described the first supply-water pump is used for the water inlet that liquid is delivered to nanofiltration device that draws that draws the liquid storage pool with described first.
9. Integral sea desalination system according to claim 8 is characterized in that:
Described Integral sea desalination system comprises that also second draws the liquid storage pool, described second draws the liquid storage pool is communicated with the concentrated water discharge mouth of described nanofiltration device, and described second draws first the drawing the liquid import and be connected of the sub-vertical shaft of forward osmosis membrane of liquid storage pool and described forward osmosis membrane reactor.
10. the described Integral sea desalination system of any one according to claim 7 ~ 9 is characterized in that:
Described nanofiltration device is arranged in the sub-vertical shaft of traffic of described forward osmosis membrane reactor.
11. a right to use requires the described Integral sea desalinating process of 7 ~ 10 any one, it is characterized in that:
Described desalination process comprises and just permeates operation and nanofiltration operation:
The described operation of just permeating is finished by the forward osmosis membrane reactor; Be provided with in the described forward osmosis membrane reactor and just permeate sub-vertical shaft, describedly just permeating sub-vertical shaft and be provided with the forward osmosis membrane unit, liquid is drawn in the dense water conduct that described forward osmosis membrane unit adopts nanofiltration device to produce, and adopt seawater as feeding liquid, described dense glassware for drinking water has the osmotic pressure higher than seawater, flow into nanofiltration device as the water inlet of nanofiltration device behind the dense water of a part of fresh water in the seawater through forward osmosis membrane and dense water formation dilution, and the residue concentrated water drainage of described seawater goes out the forward osmosis membrane unit;
Described nanofiltration operation is finished by nanofiltration device; The water inlet of described nanofiltration device is the dense water of the dilution that produces of described forward osmosis membrane reactor, and the dense water of described nanofiltration device enters the forward osmosis membrane reactor as the liquid that draws of forward osmosis membrane unit.
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| CN102974218B (en) | 2016-03-30 |
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