CN103083011A - Electrocardio R wave crest real-time locating method assisted by chest impedance second order difference image - Google Patents
Electrocardio R wave crest real-time locating method assisted by chest impedance second order difference image Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides an electrocardio R wave crest real-time locating method assisted by a chest impedance second order difference image. The method comprises that synchronous electrocardio signals and chest impedance signals are collected, the electrocardio signals are pre-processed, electrocardio signals with removed base lines are obtained, a second order difference operation is carried out to the chest impedance signals, the chest impedance second order difference image is obtained, according to locations of sampling points of main peak values in the chest impedance second order difference image, sampling points of corresponding locations of the electrocardio signals are regarded as an original point, a forward direction searching range is delimited, and an R wave crest is searched in the forward direction searching range. Compared with the prior art, the electrocardio R wave crest real-time locating method assisted by the chest impedance second order difference image has the advantages of being rapid, accurate, free of extra stimulus to human bodies and the like.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the technical field of location, ecg-r wave peak, be specifically related to a kind of auxiliary method of quick and precisely locating the R crest of other physiological signals of utilizing.
Background technology
In electrocardiosignal was measured, although there is the signal to noise ratio of wound method little, its wound was large, records so the electrocardiosignal of general Study is all body surface.This body surface ecg is the regular conductivity activity of a kind of heart, and main manifestations is p ripple, QRS complex wave, T ripple and u ripple etc. on waveform.Compared to the p ripple of atrial depolarization and the T ripple of ventricular bipolar, the R ripple of reflection ventricular depolarization has the amplitude of more precipitous slope and Geng Gao, becomes basis and the foundation of the location algorithm of each waveform in electrocardiosignal.
Heart rate variability (Heart Rate Variability, HRV) Time-Frequency Analysis is to explore the autonomic nervous function system to one of important indicator of cardio-cerebrovascular regulation and control, to various arrhythmia, analyze sleep apnea syndrome etc. and have important researching value.R crest location is the basis of extracting RR interval and analysis of HRV from long-term ECG record.When larger data volume analysis of HRV, the extraction rate of R crest and degree of accuracy can directly affect reliability and the accuracy that HRV analyzes.
R crest location can be divided into two links: Signal Pretreatment and R crest value detect.Pretreatment is in order to remove the Noise and Interference in signal, to mainly contain the methods such as wave filter and calculus of finite differences, Wavelet Transform, Mathematical Morphology, neutral net.The R crest value detects and mainly comprises the search of R crest value and two parts of decision-making, alarms because the QRS complex wave is sharper, and the common method of peak value searching mainly contains amplitude method, Slope Method and area-method.
Since the nearly century, R crest location all has been subject to extensive concern always, and localization method emerges in an endless stream., weak output signal large in the face of noninvasive electrocardiosignal noise jamming and the strong characteristics of variability, each method has its good and bad point.Although differential filtering method real-time is good, degree of accuracy has much room for improvement; And the wavelet analysis degree of accuracy is high, but real-time can not satisfy the demand that dynamic Q RS ripple detects; The neural net method amount of calculation is large, still can not be used for reality at present; Additive method also has needs to continue improved place.Therefore, the R ripple location algorithm taken into account of real-time, stability, degree of accuracy still requires further study.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is to provide a kind of method of utilizing the auxiliary real-time positioning ecg-r wave of breast impedance second differnce figure peak.
For achieving the above object, the present invention has adopted following technical scheme:
1) gather synchronous electrocardiosignal and thoracic impedance signal, electrocardiosignal is carried out the electrocardiosignal that pretreatment obtains removing baseline, thoracic impedance signal is carried out the second differnce computing obtain breast impedance second differnce figure;
2) through after step 1), according to the sampling point position of main peak value in breast impedance second differnce figure, delimit the sweep forward scope take the sampled point of electrocardiosignal correspondence position as initial point, then search for the R crest in the sweep forward scope.
Described sweep forward scope delimited apart from the interval of the R crest of correspondence according to main peak value in breast impedance second differnce figure.
Be under the condition of 250Hz in sample frequency, sweep forward scope starting point and initial point be spaced apart 20 sampled points, sweep forward scope terminal point and initial point be spaced apart 70 sampled points.
Described step 2) concrete grammar comprises the following steps: according to breast impedance second differnce amplitude threshold, main peak value in breast impedance second differnce figure is searched for, carry out peak value searching and get peak-peak in the sweep forward scope, peak-peak and electrocardiosignal amplitude threshold are compared, if peak-peak greater than the electrocardiosignal amplitude threshold, is judged this peak-peak and is the R crest.
Described breast impedance second differnce amplitude threshold and electrocardiosignal amplitude threshold are the dynamic amplitude threshold value, Th=0.45 * F, Th_R=0.65 * R, Th represents breast impedance second differnce amplitude threshold, F represents the previous main peak value in breast impedance second differnce figure, Th_R represents the electrocardiosignal amplitude threshold, and R represents the peak value of previous R crest.
After searching a R crest, take current main peak value as starting point, continue the next main peak value of search in time period backward, the described time period is RR on breast impedance second differnce figure, and RR represents the meansigma methods of nearest three continuous RR intervals.
Described step 2) concrete grammar is further comprising the steps of: with peak-peak and electrocardiosignal amplitude threshold relatively before, peak-peak is recalled heavily inspection judgement: if T1≤dF≤T2, with peak-peak and the comparison of electrocardiosignal amplitude threshold; If dF 〉=T2 reduces electrocardiosignal amplitude threshold and breast impedance second differnce amplitude threshold, then date back to the previous R crest that detects and again obtain peak-peak afterwards; If dF≤T1, improve electrocardiosignal amplitude threshold and breast impedance second differnce amplitude threshold, then again obtain peak-peak after dating back to the previous R crest that detects, dF represents the distance between previous main peak value in peak-peak and breast impedance second differnce figure, T1 represents anti-many inspection distance thresholds, and T2 represents anti-undetected distance threshold.
Again again recall heavily inspection judgement after obtaining peak-peak, if peak-peak still satisfies dF 〉=T2 or dF≤T1, peak-peak is judged to be the R crest.
Described T1=0.45 * RR, T2=1.66 * RR, RR represent the meansigma methods of nearest three continuous RR intervals.
The elliptical cylinder-shape volume conductor of a uniform dielectric is partly regarded torso model as in the breast impedance, reflects the Changing Pattern of chest cardiovascular activity by the variation of this impedance.Breast impedance single order differential map has reflected the pace of change of cardiovascular volume, the i.e. speed of velocity of blood flow; Its second order differential diagram is the important evidence that the reflection velocity of blood flow changes speed, and its main peak value appears at the fastest moment of variation of vasodilation speed.Due to after this main peak value distance R crest nearby, and feature is obvious, therefore can be used for auxiliary search R crest.The present invention is after obtaining breast impedance second differnce figure, by set the main peak value that the dynamic amplitude threshold value is sought second differnce figure on this figure.After satisfying set amplitude conditions thereon, search for the R crest in certain limit forward according to the position of main peak value.
For the loaded down with trivial details problem of breast impedance second order differential diagram acquisition process, the present invention has designed breast impedance second differnce figure signal, in order to replace breast impedance second order differential diagram; Then contrived experiment is analyzed the main peak value of breast impedance second differnce figure and the size of the peak-to-peak variable in distance scope of R ripple, and the sweep forward scope of the R crest when determining auxiliary positioning is verified the stability that this scope distributes; Then the present invention has completed the search work of R crest, the first heavy dynamic amplitude threshold condition is set to seek its main peak value on breast impedance second differnce figure, searches for the R crest in certain limit forward according to this main peak value; Whether the potential R crest location that searches of judgement can enter many inspections, undetected abnormality processing at last, otherwise enters the second heavy amplitude threshold conditional judgment set on electrocardiosignal, and after satisfying this condition, potential R crest is judged as the R crest.
The present invention compared with prior art has the following advantages:
1) quick, because the present invention searches for R at breast impedance second differnce main peak in for the previous period, the hunting zone is little, and amount of calculation is little, and speed is fast.
2) accurate, breast impedance second differnce main peak can suppress high T wave interference between R ripple and T ripple; The present invention is provided with a series of subsidiary conditions such as secondary threshold decision in addition, guarantees accurately to have improved accuracy rate.
3) to human body without extrastimulation, although the present invention has utilized the impedance of subsidiary conditions breast,, the breast impedance is also general measure, is widely used, and does not need human body is applied extra measurement electrode.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the flow chart that the present invention utilizes breast impedance second differnce figure auxiliary positioning R crest method;
Fig. 2 is the I R crest locating effect figure that leads; (a) being ECG, is (b) breast impedance second differnce figure;
Fig. 3 is the II R crest locating effect figure that leads; (a) being ECG, is (b) breast impedance second differnce figure;
Fig. 4 is the III R crest locating effect figure that leads; (a) being ECG, is (b) breast impedance second differnce figure;
Fig. 5 is R crest locating effect figure under high T ripple; (a) being ECG, is (b) breast impedance second differnce figure;
Fig. 6 is the R crest locating effect under light activity; (a) being ECG, is (b) breast impedance second differnce figure;
The specific embodiment
The invention will be further described below in conjunction with accompanying drawing.
The present invention utilizes the auxiliary search of breast impedance second differnce figure signal R crest after having gathered synchronous electrocardiosignal and thoracic impedance signal.As shown in Figure 1, concrete operating procedure had 3 steps:
1. electrocardio removes baseline
Adopt medium filtering to remove the electrocardio baseline noise, its main thought is that the sequence that length before and after each point in signal is respectively N1 is sorted, and getting intermediate value is this baseline information corresponding to some place.Can't extract the length baseline of the N1 of data Head Section and tail region due to medium filtering, therefore need to carry out continuation to sequence, the length of continuation is respectively N1 end to end.According to the algorithm of medium filtering, data sorting in window is got intermediate value after continuation, complete the baseline extraction of window midpoint.The background signal of raw ECG (electrocardiogram) signal and extraction subtracts each other, and just obtained to remove the electrocardiosignal after baseline.
Obtain breast impedance second differnce
Computational methods are as follows:
[formula 1]
f'(i)=I(i)-I(i-120)
[formula 2]
f(i)=f'(i)-f'(i-20)
That is [formula 3]
f(i)=I(i)-I(i-20)-I(i-120)+I(i-140)
Compared to the differential calculation difference between moment point in twos, difference algorithm is to choose suitable time step to calculate the diversity of detected value between time step in twos, and it is the distortion of breast impedance single order and second-order differential algorithm.In the process of obtaining breast impedance second differnce figure, because the sample frequency of electrocardiosignal and breast impedance is 1000Hz, can to every 4 conversion of carrying out once this first-order difference of breast impedance, be reduced to 250Hz with the sample rate with the breast impedance.First-order difference in the method is selected is the be separated by difference of 120 points of forward direction, and second differnce is the be separated by difference of 80 points of forward direction.Directly obtain breast impedance second differnce figure through three plus and minus calculations from original thoracic impedance signal, do not need thoracic impedance signal is carried out pretreatment denoising operation.
2. peak value detects
1) parameter initialization and self-starting are recalled
Parameter initialization arranges as follows:
Breast impedance second differnce amplitude threshold (Th), Th=0.8;
Electrocardiosignal amplitude threshold (Th_R), Th_R=0.05;
R wave number order (numR) successfully detected to get, numR=0;
Period parameters between RR (RR), RR=250.
The principle that the program self-starting is recalled: when peak value detects beginning, RestartNum(is restarted number of times) be set to 0, be that 0 judgement enters the detection start-up routine by the numR number.In start-up routine, because the initial value of Th is higher, program is difficult to enter R crest value search link, therefore can't detect the R crest in initial RR interval length.Program constantly enters self-starting to be recalled and heavily examines this RR interval section, and Th reduces gradually.In case Th is reduced under breast impedance second differnce main peak value, has namely satisfied amplitude threshold Rule of judgment for the first time, because the initial value of Th_R is lower, the amplitude threshold condition is very easily satisfied for the second time, the R crest detected, undated parameter numR, Th, Th_R.When the secondary R wave peak being detected, begin to upgrade RR.After 3 R crests detected successfully, program entered into normal R crest value search, and threshold parameter etc. are updated to normal reasonably level automatically, and startup work is completed.
2) the air defense inspection is recalled
Amplitude threshold is difficult to by causing the empty inspection of large tracts of land, antiaircraft inspection program is set for the first time when preventing that breast impedance second differnce main peak value from suddenly increasing.When between 2.55 RR, after date does not detect the R crest yet, automatically enter and restart.Too high threshold value Th and Th_R are lowered, wait to restart the R crest detected after, RestartNum returns to 0, threshold parameter is updated to normal level again.
3) R crest value search
The search of R crest value mainly comprises three link, and peak-peak search, secondary amplitude threshold judge, recall heavily inspection judgement.When a R crest often being detected, according to the electrocardio principle of absolute refractory period, detection segment is skipped 200ms and is not carried out the R peak search;
Need upgrade in addition each sign of parameters and zero clearing
Period parameters between RR (RR), RR=(RR (l-1)+RR (l-2)+RR (l))/3; The program start stage, when the secondary R wave peak being detected, get a RR interval actual value, when the 3rd R crest being detected, get the average of two RR interval actual values.
Anti-many inspection distance thresholds (T1), T1=0.45*RR;
Anti-undetected distance threshold (T2), T2=1.66*RR;
Breast impedance second differnce amplitude threshold, Th=0.45*F(F are the main peak value of the breast impedance second differnce figure that detected last time);
Electrocardiosignal amplitude threshold, Th_R=0.65*R(R represent the peak value of previous R crest).
(1) peak-peak search
When shirtfront impedance second differnce amplitude satisfied first amplitude threshold condition, program need to be searched for peak-peak Rmax, i.e. potential R crest in the certain limit before current point in electrocardiosignal.
Through statistics, find that the peak-to-peak interval RF of main peak value distance R ripple of breast impedance second differnce figure probably is distributed in the 25-60 left and right, and major part concentrates between 35-55.Be 250Hz according to sample frequency, the RF major part is distributed in the 140-220ms left and right.Be meansigma methods due to what add up, exceed this scope of statistics in order to prevent a small amount of RF, the maximum search scope that arranges in program is [20 70], slightly expands compared to the scope of RF.
The peak-peak searching method: the one, initialize Rmax and positional information S_max thereof; The 2nd, sequence, if the absolute value of the electrocardiosignal of more current point and the absolute value of Rmax greater than Rmax, are distinguished assignment to S_max, Rmax with the transverse and longitudinal coordinate at this some place; Repeat second step, until the data in the hunting zone all have been traversed, complete peak value searching.
(2) secondary amplitude threshold judgement
The distance of Rmax and previous breast impedance second differnce peak value is dF, when dF is between T1, T2, carries out secondary amplitude threshold judgement, if Rmax again greater than set electrocardiosignal amplitude threshold, Rmax is judged as the R crest.Otherwise Rmax is judged as non-R crest.After the R crest detects successfully, need each amplitude threshold parameter of real-time update, distance threshold parameters, flags parameters etc., for search work is next time prepared.
(3) recall heavily inspection
Much more anti-inspection is recalled: during less than T1, enter anti-many inspection backtracking programs as dF.For preventing that same detection segment from repeatedly entering anti-many inspection backtracking programs, the detection data segment that entered anti-many inspection backtracking programs has been done labelling, the UpError assignment is 2.If UpError is not equal to 2, increase rate threshold value Th_R and Th.Because the fluctuation range of breast impedance second differnce amplitude is larger compared to electrocardiosignal, so the amplitude that Th improves is larger than Th_R.If UpError equals 2, the double many inspections of this section judge that the Rmax that this section detects is the R crest, upgrade each threshold parameter, sign UpError clear 0.
Anti-undetectedly recall: same, during greater than T2, enter anti-undetected backtracking program as dF.For preventing that same detection segment from repeatedly entering anti-undetected backtracking program, the detection data segment that entered anti-undetected backtracking program has been done labelling, the UpError assignment is 1.If UpError is not equal to 1, reduce amplitude threshold Th_R and Th, after dating back to the previous R crest that detects, continue heavily inspection.If UpError equals 1, this section is double undetected, judges that the Rmax that this section detects is the R crest, upgrades each threshold parameter, sign UpError clear 0.
Referring to Fig. 2-6, No. * actual R crest location that detects of expression.As can be seen from the figure, the main peak of breast impedance second differnce figure is periodic distribution along with the period profile of R crest and the main peak value is more obvious.
The ecg-r wave peak locating effect of different shape is good, the polarity of R crest value does not produce too large puzzlement (Fig. 2, Fig. 3) to positioning result, and lead in locating effect the 3rd, larger variation has occured in the amplitude of R crest, but the main peak value of corresponding breast impedance second differnce figure but is not affected, rely on the auxiliary search of completing the R crest of breast impedance second differnce peak value, method is effective, has certain stability (Fig. 4).High T ripple, T ripple are even taller large than R crest, and slope is sharper alarmming also, but R crest locating effect of the present invention still fine (Fig. 5).When light activity, abnormal sharp the alarmming of high T ripple, and close on very much with the R crest, and all be accompanied by slight glitch noise in whole electrocardiosignal, in addition due to slight activity to cardiovascular system or moving corresponding enhancing is arranged, therefore, breast impedance second differnce amplitude significantly increases under quiescent conditions, especially greater than the amplitude of 0v, therefore R crest locating effect is not much affected (Fig. 6).
Claims (9)
1. method of utilizing the auxiliary real-time positioning ecg-r wave of breast impedance second differnce figure peak is characterized in that: comprise the following steps:
1) gather synchronous electrocardiosignal and thoracic impedance signal, electrocardiosignal is carried out the electrocardiosignal that pretreatment obtains removing baseline, thoracic impedance signal is carried out the second differnce computing obtain breast impedance second differnce figure;
2) through after step 1), according to the sampling point position of main peak value in breast impedance second differnce figure, delimit the sweep forward scope take the sampled point of electrocardiosignal correspondence position as initial point, then search for the R crest in the sweep forward scope.
2. a kind of method of utilizing the auxiliary real-time positioning ecg-r wave of breast impedance second differnce figure peak according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described sweep forward scope delimited apart from the interval of the R crest of correspondence according to main peak value in breast impedance second differnce figure.
3. a kind of method of utilizing the auxiliary real-time positioning ecg-r wave of breast impedance second differnce figure peak according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: be under the condition of 250Hz in sample frequency, sweep forward scope starting point and initial point be spaced apart 20 sampled points, sweep forward scope terminal point and initial point be spaced apart 70 sampled points.
4. a kind of method of utilizing the auxiliary real-time positioning ecg-r wave of breast impedance second differnce figure peak according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: concrete grammar described step 2) comprises the following steps: according to breast impedance second differnce amplitude threshold, main peak value in breast impedance second differnce figure is searched for, carry out peak value searching and get peak-peak in the sweep forward scope, peak-peak and electrocardiosignal amplitude threshold are compared, if peak-peak greater than the electrocardiosignal amplitude threshold, is judged this peak-peak and is the R crest.
5. a kind of method of utilizing the auxiliary real-time positioning ecg-r wave of breast impedance second differnce figure peak according to claim 4, it is characterized in that: described breast impedance second differnce amplitude threshold and electrocardiosignal amplitude threshold are the dynamic amplitude threshold value, Th=0.45 * F, Th_R=0.65 * R, Th represents breast impedance second differnce amplitude threshold, F represents the previous main peak value in breast impedance second differnce figure, and Th_R represents the electrocardiosignal amplitude threshold, and R represents the peak value of previous R crest.
6. a kind of method of utilizing the auxiliary real-time positioning ecg-r wave of breast impedance second differnce figure peak according to claim 4, it is characterized in that: after searching a R crest, on breast impedance second differnce figure take current main peak value as starting point, continue the next main peak value of search in time period backward, the described time period is RR, and RR represents the meansigma methods of nearest three continuous RR intervals.
7. a kind of method of utilizing the auxiliary real-time positioning ecg-r wave of breast impedance second differnce figure peak according to claim 4, it is characterized in that: concrete grammar described step 2) is further comprising the steps of: with peak-peak and electrocardiosignal amplitude threshold relatively before, peak-peak is recalled heavily inspection judgement: if T1≤dF≤T2 compares peak-peak and electrocardiosignal amplitude threshold; If dF 〉=T2 reduces electrocardiosignal amplitude threshold and breast impedance second differnce amplitude threshold, then date back to the previous R crest that detects and again obtain peak-peak afterwards; If dF≤T1, improve electrocardiosignal amplitude threshold and breast impedance second differnce amplitude threshold, then again obtain peak-peak after dating back to the previous R crest that detects, dF represents the distance between previous main peak value in peak-peak and breast impedance second differnce figure, T1 represents anti-many inspection distance thresholds, and T2 represents anti-undetected distance threshold.
8. a kind of method of utilizing the auxiliary real-time positioning ecg-r wave of breast impedance second differnce figure peak according to claim 7, it is characterized in that: again recall heavily inspection judgement after again obtaining peak-peak, if peak-peak still satisfies dF 〉=T2 or dF≤T1, peak-peak is judged to be the R crest.
9. a kind of method of utilizing the auxiliary real-time positioning ecg-r wave of breast impedance second differnce figure peak according to claim 7 is characterized in that: described T1=0.45 * RR, T2=1.66 * RR, RR represent the meansigma methods of nearest three continuous RR intervals.
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| CN105455798A (en) * | 2015-10-19 | 2016-04-06 | 东南大学 | Continuous blood pressure measuring system and calibration measurement method based on Android mobile phone terminal |
| CN106540364A (en) * | 2016-11-07 | 2017-03-29 | 中国人民解放军第三军医大学 | The method and system of respirator is controlled using thoracic impedance signal |
| CN109770897A (en) * | 2019-03-11 | 2019-05-21 | 华南师范大学 | A kind of processing recognition methods of brain electricity spike and device |
| CN112472120A (en) * | 2020-12-18 | 2021-03-12 | 科大讯飞股份有限公司 | Heart rate statistical method and device, electronic equipment and storage medium |
| US11109794B2 (en) * | 2018-05-30 | 2021-09-07 | Boe Technology Group Co., Ltd. | Method and apparatus for processing ECG signals, and ECG machine |
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Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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