CN103109140A - Thermal signaling or making device - Google Patents
Thermal signaling or making device Download PDFInfo
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- CN103109140A CN103109140A CN2011800326481A CN201180032648A CN103109140A CN 103109140 A CN103109140 A CN 103109140A CN 2011800326481 A CN2011800326481 A CN 2011800326481A CN 201180032648 A CN201180032648 A CN 201180032648A CN 103109140 A CN103109140 A CN 103109140A
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24V—COLLECTION, PRODUCTION OR USE OF HEAT NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F24V30/00—Apparatus or devices using heat produced by exothermal chemical reactions other than combustion
Abstract
Disclosed herein are multiple-part electrochemical thermal signaling or marking systems, comprising at least one first part comprising at least one super- corroding alloy and at least one absorbent material, and at least one second part. The at least one first part and the at least second part must be kept separate until use, at which time they are combined and heat generation commences. Further disclosed herein are containment devices comprising such thermal signaling or marking systems.
Description
The application requires the U.S. Provisional Patent Application No.61/343 in April 28 in 2010 applying date, 469 priority, and it is introduced in this as a reference.
The disclosure relates to portable, self-contained (self-contained) thermal signal or labelling apparatus field, particularly, the energy of thermal signal or labelling apparatus is not the chemical reaction of pyrotechnics from controlled and reacting quintessence.
Have the situation that much needs reliable thermal source, it is impossible or unpractiaca adopting electric power or explosive fuel in these situations.For example, the camper may wish the food and drink of heat, but is not used for the power supply of resistance-type heater or micro-wave oven perhaps.Environment on every side, petroleum tank region for example may ban use of fuel such as charcoal or the furnace fuel of burning.To expect to have in these cases heating system non-electricity, non-pyrotechnics.Developed multiple such system, due to their person's character, it does not need yet non-ignition source of power supply.In the prior art, can find the example of various these systems, as hand warmer, Food ﹠ Drink heater and treatment heater.
It is as recoil simulator that the another kind of non-electricity, non-pyrotechnics heater is used.Law enfrocement official and army personnel often adopt thermal imaging apparatus, observe individual and other objects in the dark.This thermal imaging apparatus can be distinguished the very little difference of the apparent temperature of object.Hide the people in brushing very thick place (field ofthick brush) may naked eyes as seen, especially in the evening that has seldom or do not have light.Yet thermal imaging device but can detect temperature or the temperature of the clothes that the individual wears and the temperature contrast of brushing thing (thebrush) of a Person's skin.Then demonstrate individual " heat picture ", thereby make the individual clearly visible.
Along with the increase of thermal imaging apparatus use amount, also has the parallel demand to improved thermal source.For example, may expect the visible mode of people that thermal imaging system only arranged with a kind of by those, mark person's movements and expression or turn to (turn) on road.Potential target may be with heat " beacon " mark so that use thermal imaging system other people can see.In the situation that fight, the soldier may want to use the hot standby ally of thermal imaging by signaling to snugly with thermolamp tower beacon note soldier position, so that this soldier can be rescued, or is identified as at least " close friend's ".
Although with regard to previously described purpose, developed various device, still need such heat generator, it has many following characteristics, if not all: low-cost, reliable, compact, safely, be easy to deployment, high efficiency, non-ignition source, nontoxic, biodegradable and environmental friendliness.
Therefore, a purpose of the present disclosure is to provide many parts electrochemical heat signal or designation system (multi-part electrochemical thermal signaling or marking system), it comprises at least one first, it comprises at least a super resistant alloy and at least a absorbent material, and at least one second portion.Described at least one first and at least one second portion must separately be preserved before using, and they are merged in use, begin to produce heat.
Another aspect of the present disclosure, water or water-based moisture (aqueous moisture) detection method is provided, wherein arrange many parts electrochemical heat signal or designation system on area-of-interest, this system comprises at least one first, it comprises at least a super resistant alloy and at least a absorbent material, and at least one second portion.In some embodiments, owing to having the moisture of water or water-based in interested zone, the evolution of heat when arranging.In other embodiments, after arranging certain hour, when the moisture of water or water-based enters interested zone, the evolution of heat.
In further embodiment, the dry component of thermal signal or Mk system can be mixed and be arranged in interested zone.As indicated above, owing to there being the moisture of water or water-based in interested zone, send in some embodiments heat energy when arranging.In other embodiments, after arranging certain hour, when the moisture of water or water-based enters interested zone, send heat energy.
Another aspect of the present disclosure, at least one in parts can be contained in enclosure interior, and this housing is separately preserved at least one first of described many parts electrochemical heat signal or Mk system and described at least one second portion, until expectation is when mixing.
In further embodiment, the disclosure is pointed to storing apparatus, it comprises at least one first accommodation section, at least one second accommodation section, at least a ventilation member, its fluid be communicated with this storing apparatus the outside and described at least one first hold member and described at least one second at least one that hold in member, and at least a can broken barrier, it separates described at least one first accommodation section and described at least one second accommodation section.
In another embodiment, the disclosure is pointed to storing apparatus, it comprises at least one first member, it comprises sealable opening, at least one second component, it connects described at least one first member to provide at least one space between described at least one first member and at least one second component, and wherein said at least one space comprises at least a super resistant alloy and at least a absorbent material.The outside of described at least one space of this open fluid communication and described storing apparatus, by this opening, one of mixture of water, the aqueous solution, electrolyte or any aforementioned substances be directed into described at least one space, begins to produce heat this moment.
In further embodiment, the disclosure is pointed to storing apparatus, it comprises at least one first accommodation section, it comprises at least a super resistant alloy and at least a absorbent material, at least a accommodation section that can be broken, it is arranged on the inside of described at least one the first accommodation section, and at least a ventilation member, and its fluid is communicated with described at least one first outside that holds member and storing apparatus.In the disclosure, the parts of disclosed electrochemical heat signal or Mk system are contained in such housing and/or storing apparatus.
Other purpose of the present disclosure and advantage will partly be set forth in following explanation, and will be partly apparent from describe, and maybe can understand by putting into practice the disclosure.Purpose of the present disclosure and advantage will realize and obtain by key element and the combination that particularly points out in appended claim.
It should be understood that the general description of front and following detailed description and explanation are only exemplary with indicative, and be not restrictive, as advocate.
Accompanying drawing is incorporated in specification and consists of the part of this specification, illustrates embodiment of the present disclosure, and together with specification, is used for explaining principle of the present disclosure.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 shows a kind of equipment that produces non-electricity, non-pyrotechnics heat.
Fig. 2 shows a kind of decomposition view that produces the equipment of non-electricity, non-pyrotechnics heat.
Fig. 3 shows the another kind of decomposition view that produces the equipment of non-electricity, non-pyrotechnics heat.
Fig. 4 shows the another kind of equipment that produces non-electricity, non-pyrotechnics heat.
Fig. 5 shows another equipment that produces non-electricity, non-pyrotechnics heat.
Fig. 6 shows the equipment of the non-electricity of other generation, non-pyrotechnics heat.
The specific embodiment
From controlled chemical reaction, be non-pyrotechnics in this reacting quintessence according to the energy of heating appliances and systems of the present disclosure.As used herein, term " pyrotechnics " refers to any such process, fuel process Quick Oxidation in this process, for example catalytic decomposition of the fuel of burning or use oxidant.This term also is defined as and comprises non-oxidizable reaction, for example between those different metals or other be known as between the material of " thermit ", or the experience " gasless " burning material between reaction.This term does not comprise cell reaction (galvanic reaction).
As used herein, term " non-electricity " refers to not utilize device and the system of the electric power outside electricity generation system itself.This term does not comprise cell reaction.
An embodiment of the present disclosure points to many parts electrochemical heat signal or designation system, and it comprises at least one first, and it comprises at least a super resistant alloy and at least a absorbent material, and at least one second portion, and it comprises at least a component.In some embodiments, this at least one second portion comprises the component of the mixture that is selected from water, the aqueous solution, at least a electrolyte and any aforementioned substances.As used herein, term " aqueous solution " refers to contain the solution of water and at least a additional material, and it can be solid, liquid, gas or any aforesaid combination.In addition, as used herein, term " electrolyte " refers to compound arbitrarily, ionizes to produce conducting medium when its dissolving or fusing.
According to the disclosure, described at least a absorbent material can be selected from, for example, the mixture of the fluid of natural and synthetic polymerization absorbent, hydrocolloid/polysaccharide asborbent, cellulosic class absorbent, natural gum (gum) and resin absorbent material, inorganic absorbent, formation gel-interactive viscosity dressing (gel-formingfluid-interaction adhesive dressing), wool (wool), cotton (cotton), gined cotton (lint), at least a super absorbent polymer and any aforementioned substances.
In some embodiments, described at least a absorbent material comprises at least a super absorbent polymer.the example of useful described at least a super absorbent polymer for example comprises in the disclosure, the water-swellable of solid, water-insoluble polymer absorbant, it is lightly crosslinked polymer, as the polyvinylpyrrolidone class, the sulfonated polystyrene class, sulfonated polyethylene toluene class (sulfonatedpolyvinyltoluenes), poly-sulfo group ethyl propylene acid esters class, poly--2-hydroxyethylmethacry,ate class, polyacrylate, the hydrolysis polyacrylamide and at the acrylamide described in U.S. Patent No. 3669103 and acrylic acid copolymer analog, in the hydrocolloid absorbent material class described in U.S. Patent No. 3670731, sodium polyacrylate, the polyacrylic acid potassium class, the Lithium polyacrylate class, the mixture of ammonium polyacrylate class and any aforementioned substances.In some embodiments, described at least a super absorbent polymer comprises sodium polyacrylate.A kind of suitable super absorbent polymer that is used for this purpose is by Emerging Technologies, Inc., and Greensboro, North Carolina, production, on sale with trade name 2G-70 at present.
according to embodiments more of the present disclosure, at least a portion of described at least a super absorbent polymer comprises coating.In other embodiments, the super absorbent polymer of real mass (substantial amount) comprises coating.As used herein, term " real mass " refers to that consumption is greater than approximately 50% of total amount.The amount that nonrestrictive example comprises is greater than 60% of total amount, greater than 70% of total amount, greater than 75% of total amount, greater than 80% of total amount, and greater than total amount 90% and greater than 95% of total amount.The example of useful coating material comprises the coating that contains at least a hydrophobic components in the disclosure.In some embodiments, described at least a hydrophobic components is selected from water-insoluble organic thermoplastic, and it comprises from the hydro carbons of oil, pitch and coal tar and naturally occurring resin; Organo-silicon compound comprise polysiloxane, contain the halogen polysiloxanes of (comprising fluorine), and halogenated hydrocarbons comprises chloride and polymer fluorine; The various polymer of natural or synthetic emulsion form; Hydrophobicity pyrogenic silica (pyrogenicsilica); And the mixture of any aforementioned substances.In other embodiment, described hydrophobic components comprises pyrogenic silica at some.The pyrogenic silica that is applicable to this purpose is by Wacker ChemicalCorporation, Adrian, and Michigan, production at present with trade name
On sale.
In some embodiments, the scope of the amount of described at least a super absorbent polymer is from approximately 0.5% to about 90% (weight), based on the dry weight of described at least one first.for example, the scope of the amount of described at least a super absorbent polymer can be from approximately 0.5% to about 80% (weight), dry weight based on described at least one first, for example, from approximately 0.5% to about 75% (weight), from approximately 0.5% to about 70% (weight), from approximately 0.5% to about 65% (weight), from approximately 0.5% to about 60% (weight), approximately 0.5% to about 55% (weight), from approximately 0.5% to about 50% (weight), from approximately 0.5% to about 45% (weight), from approximately 0.5% to about 40% (weight), approximately 0.5% to about 35% (weight), from approximately 0.5% to about 30% (weight), from approximately 0.5% to about 25% (weight), from approximately 0.5% to about 20% (weight), from approximately 1% to about 80% (weight), from approximately 1% to about 75% (weight), from approximately 1% to about 70% (weight), from approximately 1% to about 65% (weight), from approximately 1% to about 60% (weight), approximately 1% to about 55% (weight), from approximately 1% to about 50% (weight), from approximately 1% to about 45% (weight), from approximately 1% to about 40% (weight), from approximately 1% to about 35% (weight), from approximately 1% to about 30% (weight), from approximately 1% to about 25% (weight), from approximately 1% to about 20% (weight), from approximately 2% to about 80% (weight), from approximately 2% to about 75% (weight), from approximately 2% to about 70% (weight), from approximately 2% to about 65% (weight), from approximately 2% to about 60% (weight), approximately 2% to about 55% (weight), from approximately 2% to about 50% (weight), from approximately 2% to about 45% (weight), from approximately 2% to about 40% (weight), from approximately 2% to about 35% (weight), from approximately 2% to about 30% (weight), from approximately 2% to about 25% (weight), from approximately 2% to about 20% (weight), from approximately 5% to about 80% (weight), from approximately 5% to about 75% (weight), from approximately 5% to about 70% (weight), from approximately 5% to about 65% (weight), from approximately 5% to about 60% (weight), approximately 5% to about 55% (weight), from approximately 5% to about 50% (weight), from approximately 5% to about 45% (weight), from approximately 5% to about 40% (weight), from approximately 5% to about 35% (weight), from approximately 5% to about 30% (weight), from approximately 5% to about 25% (weight), from approximately 5% to about 20% weight.In some embodiments, the amount of described at least a super absorbent polymer is approximately 1%, approximately 3%, approximately 5%, approximately 7%, approximately 10%, approximately 15%, approximately 20%, approximately 25%, approximately 30%, approximately 35%, approximately 40%, approximately 45%, about 50% (weight), approximately 55%, approximately 60%, approximately 65%, approximately 70%, approximately 75%, approximately 80%, approximately 85%, and about 90% (weight), based on the dry weight of described at least one first.What also have a mind in addition, is between any numerical value that can list in the above of the scope of the amount of described at least a super absorbent polymer.
Many parts electrochemical heat signal of the present disclosure or Mk system also comprise at least a super resistant alloy.In some embodiments, described at least a super resistant alloy comprises at least a the first alloy compositions, it is selected from mixture and at least a second alloy compositions of aluminium, magnesium, zinc and any above-mentioned substance, the mixture of its chosen from Fe, copper, nickel, titanium, chromium, carbon and any aforementioned substances.
For example, in some embodiments, described at least a super resistant alloy comprises magnesium and iron.The representative example of a suitable super resistant alloy is the iron of approximately 5% atomic wts ratio and the about alloy of the magnesium of 95% atomic wts ratio, although can suitably adopt other ratio.The suitable alloy that is used for this purpose is Dymatron, Inc., and Cincinnati, Ohio produces, and sells with trade name C-5 at present.When reacting with liquid electrolyte such as salt solution, this alloy can discharge the heat of real mass.Reaction is proceeded, until all described at least a the first alloy compositions are consumed or reaction heat causes the water evaporation, thereby removes electrolyte from system.Do not wish by any specific theory constraint, described at least a the second alloy compositions that the wear rate of described at least a super resistant alloy can exist by change and the atomic wts of described at least a the first alloy compositions are than modulating, so that change the atomic wts percentage of at least a the second alloy compositions, extend the thermal output of electrochemical heat signal or Mk system by slowing down reaction rate.
In some embodiments, described at least a the first alloy compositions is in atomic wts percentage, can be from approximately 80% to approximately 99.5%, and described at least a the second alloy compositions is in atomic wts percentage, can be from approximately 0.5% to approximately 20%.For example, described at least a the first alloy compositions is in atomic wts percentage, can be from approximately 80% to approximately 99%, for example from approximately 80% to approximately 98%, from approximately 80% to approximately 97%, from approximately 80% to approximately 96%, from approximately 80% to approximately 95%, from approximately 80% to approximately 93%, from approximately 82% to approximately 93%, from approximately 86% to approximately 93%, from approximately 88% to approximately 93%, and from approximately 90% to approximately 93%.In some embodiments, described at least a the first alloy compositions is in atomic wts percentage, can be approximately 80%, and approximately 82%, approximately 86%, approximately 88%, approximately 90%, approximately 93%, approximately 95%, approximately 97%, approximately 98%, approximately 99%, and approximately 99.5%.Described at least a the second alloy compositions, for example, in atomic wts percentage, can be from 0.5% to 18%, for example from approximately 0.5% to approximately 14%, from approximately 0.5% to approximately 12%, approximately 0.5% to approximately 10%, from approximately 1% to approximately 10%, from approximately 2% to approximately 10%, from approximately 3% to approximately 10%, from approximately 4% to approximately 10%, from approximately 5% to approximately 10%, and from approximately 7% to approximately 10%.In some embodiments, described at least a the second alloy compositions is in atomic wts percentage, can be approximately 0.5%, and approximately 1%, approximately 2%, approximately 3%, approximately 4%, approximately 5%, approximately 7%, approximately 10%, approximately 12%, approximately 14%, approximately 18% and approximately 20%.In addition, the atomic wts percentage range of the atomic wts percentage of described at least a the first alloy compositions and at least a the second alloy compositions can be between any numerical value listed above.
Hydrogen can be also the product of above-mentioned reaction.For explaining the reaction that produces hydrogen, some embodiment of the present disclosure provides suitable air-breather, to alleviate hydrogen.According to these embodiments, can adopt a plurality of blow vents, no matter such mode makes the direction of equipment, a blow vent will be arranged all the time more than liquid level (fluid level).In some embodiments, air-breather comprises at least a blow vent, and it alleviates (relieve) hydrogen and keeps fluid.In other embodiments, storing apparatus comprises porous material, and it allows when the fluid that keeps wherein, hydrogen to be discharged.In some embodiments, the storing apparatus of real mass comprises porous material.In other embodiments, this storing apparatus itself is prepared by porous material.The example that can be used for porous material of the present disclosure comprises hydrophobic spunbond (spun-bonded) polyethylene, is for example made by E.I.Du Pont Company
Do not wish that by any specific theory constraint, the heat of electrochemical heat signal or Mk system " life-span " can be depending on the aspects such as availability of surface area, electrolytic conductivity and the water of reaction material.A kind of duration method of improving thermal output is some the reaction that delays in described at least a super resistant alloy.A kind ofly realizing this method that delays, is by applying described at least a super resistant alloy particle, entering particle to prevent water.In some embodiments, described at least a super resistant alloy comprises the mixture of particle, and described particle comprises, at least part of particle that applies with coating and uncoated particle basically.As used herein, " part apply " refers to comprise coating on the particle surface of this particle at least 5%." basically uncoated " expression particle here is uncoated at least 95% particle surface.Do not wish by any specific theory constraint, can delay reaction between super resistant alloy and water or the aqueous solution with coating, wherein have at least a electrolyte, to allow to control the thermal life of thermal signal or Mk system.In some embodiments, described at least a super resistant alloy comprises particle, and this particle is selected from uncoated particle, uncoated particle and the particle and any above-mentioned mixture that apply at least in part basically.In further embodiment, particle comprises the mixture of the particle of uncoated particle and at least part of coating.
In some embodiments, basically the quantity of uncoated particle greater than the quantity of the particle of at least part of coating.In other embodiment, the quantity of uncoated particle is less than the quantity of the particle of at least part of coating basically at some.In another embodiment, the quantity of the particle of the quantity of uncoated particle and at least part of coating is substantially the same basically.As above hereinafter use, " substantially the same " refer to, the first value is in the scope of second value up and down 1%.In other embodiments, particle applies with aggregate, thereby forms the semirigid structure that comprises described particle.
In some embodiments, this coating comprises water miscible coating.In other embodiments, coating comprises the water permeation coating.In further embodiment, described coating comprises the water biodegradable coating.In other embodiments, described coating comprises long-chain alcohol at least a of ethoxylation.Although can suitably adopt other, the representative example of suitable at least a ethoxylation long-chain alcohol comprises the aliphatic alcohol of carbon number between 20 and 50.The suitable ethoxylation long-chain alcohol that is used for this purpose is by Baker Hughes, Sugar Land, and Texas, manufacturing, on sale with trade name UnithoxEthoxylates 700 series at present.In other other embodiments, at least a coating that comprises the long-chain alcohol of ethoxylation further comprises at least a water-insoluble material.Although can suitably adopt other, suitable water-insoluble material comprises the aliphatic alcohol of carbon number between 20 and 50.In other embodiments, described at least a super resistant alloy comprises and is selected from following particle: uncoated particle, uncoated particle and the particle of at least part of coating basically, and the mixture of any aforementioned particles, this coating is selected from water-soluble coating, water permeation coating, water biodegradable coating, comprises coating and any aforesaid mixture of at least a ethoxylation long-chain alcohol.
In some embodiments, the coating of described at least a super resistant alloy can apply by " translation (panning) ", " spraying " or similar process.In other embodiments, this coating can be by applying as the method that is called " Butterworth is special " in U.S. Patent No. 3196827 records.In this process, the particle that apply stops in fluid bed (fluidized bed).With fine spray, coating material is introduced and made it to adhere to particle.Processing time and rate of application determine whole coating layer thickness.The special process of Butterworth is very suitable for applying irregular granule.In the situation that do not wish by any specific theory constraint, the form that coating material can non-water is used, and consumes alloy to avoid the wetting and initiation reaction (even in the situation that there is no salt) of super resistant alloy.
In the situation that do not wish by any specific theory constraint, delay some the another kind of method of reaction of described at least a super resistant alloy, be by changing the particle size of described at least a super resistant alloy.This reaction tends to occur in particle surface, thereby, the bulky grain of comparing, less particle tendency is reacted with higher reaction rate.In an embodiment of the present disclosure, described at least a super resistant alloy can comprise size at about Unite States Standard sieve (U.S.Standard Sieve) 14 to Unite States Standard sieve 200.In another embodiment; described at least a super resistant alloy can comprise such granulate mixture; this mixture comprise size (size) approximately Unite States Standard sieve 16 to the about particle of Unite States Standard sieve 20, and size approximately Unite States Standard sieve 45 to the about particle of Unite States Standard sieve 140.In addition, in other embodiments, to sieve 20 amounts of particles substantially the same with being of a size of about standard screen 16 to about Unite States Standard to the amounts of particles of about Unite States Standard sieve 140 to be of a size of about Unite States Standard sieve 45." substantially the same " as above hereinafter used refer to, the first value is in the scope of second value up and down 1%.In other embodiments, described at least a super resistant alloy can comprise such particle, its be selected from be of a size of about Unite States Standard sieve 14 to the particle of about Unite States Standard sieve 200, be of a size of about Unite States Standard sieve 16 to the particle of about Unite States Standard sieve 20, be of a size of approximately Unite States Standard sieve 45 to the approximately particle of Unite States Standard sieve 140 and the mixture of any above-mentioned substance.
In other embodiments, be of a size of about Unite States Standard sieve 45 to the amounts of particles of about Unite States Standard sieve 140 greater than being of a size of approximately Unite States Standard sieve 16 to the about amounts of particles of Unite States Standard sieve 20.And in other embodiments, be of a size of about Unite States Standard sieve 45 to the amounts of particles of about Unite States Standard sieve 140 less than being of a size of approximately standard screen 16 to the about amounts of particles of Unite States Standard sieve 20.
In some embodiments, described at least a super resistant alloy comprises at least a super resistant alloy particle of compacting (compress) and the pellet (pellets) that forms.For example, such pellet is of a size of approximately Unite States Standard sieve 200 to comprising that diameter is the approximately pellet of 6 millimeters of approximately 5 millimeters, length.In the situation that do not wish by any specific theory constraint, the reaction that produces the described at least a super resistant alloy of thermal signal or mark occurs in the surface of pellet and slow consumption pellet.In order to optimize the duration of thermal output, can select the geometry, surface area (wherein reacting on this surface), volume (or quality) of pellet so that the required reaction time to be provided.In some embodiments, by approximately 100,000Kg/cm
2Under the pressure of (approximately 1,500,000 PSI), the pellet of at least a super resistant alloy of particle manufacture of the described at least a super resistant alloy of compacting.The pellet of compacting can form any desirable shape, and nonrestrictive example comprises, for example, is selected from the shape of cylindrical, spherical, wedge shape and star.
The scope of the amount of at least a super resistant alloy described in the disclosure is from approximately 1% to about 99.5% (weight), based on the dry weight of described at least one first.for example, the scope of the amount of described at least a super resistant alloy is from approximately 1% to about 90% (weight), dry weight based on described at least one first, for example, from approximately 1% to approximately 80%, from approximately 1% to about 75% (weight), from approximately 1% to about 70% (weight), from approximately 1% to about 60% (weight), from approximately 1% to about 50% (weight), from approximately 1% to about 40% (weight), from approximately 1% to about 30% (weight), from approximately 1% to about 25% (weight), from approximately 1% to about 20% (weight), from approximately 3% to approximately 80%, from approximately 3% to about 75% (weight), from approximately 3% to about 70% (weight), from approximately 3% to about 60% (weight), from approximately 3% to about 50% (weight), from approximately 3% to about 40% (weight), from approximately 3% to about 30% (weight), from approximately 3% to about 25% (weight), from approximately 3% to about 20% (weight), from approximately 4% to about 75% (weight), from approximately 4% to about 70% (weight), from approximately 4% to about 60% (weight), from approximately 4% to about 50% (weight), from approximately 4% to about 40% (weight), from approximately 4% to about 30% (weight), from approximately 4% to about 25% (weight), from approximately 4% to about 20% (weight), from approximately 5% to about 75% (weight), from approximately 5% to about 70% (weight), from approximately 5% to about 65% (weight), from approximately 5% to about 60% (weight), from approximately 5% to about 50% (weight), from approximately 5% to about 40% (weight), from approximately 5% to about 30% (weight), from approximately 5% to about 25% (weight), from approximately 5% to about 20% (weight), from approximately 10% to about 65% (weight), from approximately 10% to about 60% (weight), from approximately 10% to about 50% (weight), from approximately 10% to about 40% (weight), from approximately 10% to about 30% (weight), from approximately 10% to about 25% (weight), with from approximately 10% to about 20% (weight).In other embodiments, the amount of described at least a super resistant alloy is approximately 1%, approximately 4%, approximately 8%, approximately 10%, approximately 20%, approximately 25%, approximately 30%, approximately 35%, approximately 40%, approximately 45%, approximately 50%, approximately 55%, approximately 60%, approximately 65%, approximately 70%, approximately 75%, approximately 80%, approximately 85%, approximately 90%, approximately 95%, and about 99.5% (weight), based on the dry weight of described at least one first.Purpose also is, between any numerical value that the scope of the amount of described at least a super resistant alloy can be listed in the above.
Many parts electrochemical heat signal of the present disclosure or Mk system also comprise at least one second portion component, and wherein, described component is selected from the mixture of water, the aqueous solution, at least a electrolyte and any above-mentioned substance.In some embodiments, this component is selected from water and the aqueous solution, and described at least one first further comprises at least a electrolyte.In other embodiments, this component comprises at least a electrolyte.In other other embodiment, this component comprises at least a at least a electrolyte and water and the aqueous solution.As used herein, " aqueous solution " refers to contain the solution of water and at least a other material.
In some embodiments, this at least a electrolyte comprises at least a salt, and described salt comprises cation, and it is selected from Li
+, Na
+, K
+, Mg
2+, Ca
2+, above-mentioned combination arbitrarily; And anion, it is selected from Cl
-, Br
-, I
-, ClO
4 -, BF
4 -, PF
6 -, ASF
6 -, SbF
6 -, CH
3CO
2 -, CF
3SO
3 -, N (CF
3SO
2)
2 -, C (CF
3SO
2)
2 -, CO
3 2-And any above-mentioned combination.
In some embodiments, the scope of described at least a electrolytical amount is from approximately 0.01% to about 36% (weight), based on the weight of described at least one second portion.for example, the scope of described at least a electrolytical amount can be from approximately 0.01% to about 30% (weight), weight based on described at least one second portion, as from approximately 0.01% to approximately 25%, from approximately 0.01% to about 20% (weight), from approximately 0.01% to approximately 15%, from approximately 0.01% to about 10% (weight), from approximately 0.01% to approximately 5%, from approximately 0.01% to about 1% (weight), from approximately 0.1% to about 30% (weight), from approximately 0.1% to approximately 25%, from approximately 0.1% to about 20% (weight), from approximately 0.1% to approximately 15%, from approximately 0.1% to about 10% (weight), from approximately 0.1% to approximately 5%, from approximately 0.1% to about 1% (weight), from approximately 0.5% to about 30% (weight), weight based on described at least one second portion, for example from approximately 0.5% to approximately 25%, from approximately 0.5% to about 20% (weight), from approximately 0.5% to approximately 15%, from approximately 0.5% to about 10% (weight), from approximately 0.5% to approximately 5%, from approximately 0.5% to about 1% (weight), from approximately 1% to about 30% (weight), from approximately 1% to approximately 25%, from approximately 1% to about 20% (weight), from approximately 1% to approximately 15%, from approximately 1% to about 10% (weight), from approximately 1% to approximately 5%, from approximately 4% to approximately 25%, from approximately 4% to about 20% (weight), from approximately 4% to approximately 15%, with from approximately 4% to about 10% (weight).In other embodiments, described at least a electrolytical amount is approximately 0.01%, 0.1%, 0.5%, 1%, approximately 2%, approximately 4%, approximately 6%, approximately 8%, approximately 10%, approximately 15%, approximately 20%, approximately 25%, approximately 30%, about 36% (weight) is based on the weight of described at least one second portion.In another embodiment, described at least a electrolytical amount is about 4% (weight), based on the weight of described at least one second portion.Purpose also is, between any numerical value that the scope of described at least a electrolytical amount can be listed in the above.
In some embodiments, described at least one first further comprises at least a hydrophobic components.In some embodiments, described at least a hydrophobic components is selected from the mixture of various polymer, hydrophobicity pyrogenic silica and any aforementioned substances of water-insoluble organic thermoplastic (it comprises from the hydrocarbon of oil, pitch and coal tar and naturally occurring resin), organo-silicon compound (it comprises polysiloxane), the polysiloxanes that contains the halogen atom that comprises fluorine atom, halogenated hydrocarbons (it comprises chloride and polymer fluorine), natural or synthetic emulsion form.In other embodiment, described hydrophobic components comprises pyrogenic silica at some.Suitable pyrogenic silica is by Wacker ChemicalCorporation for this purpose, Adrian, and Michigan produces, at present with trade name
On sale.
In some embodiments, the scope of the amount of described hydrophobic components is from approximately 0.1% to about 10% (weight), based on the dry weight of described at least one first.for example, the scope of at least a hydrophobic components amount is approximately 0.1% to about 9% (weight), dry weight based on described at least one first, as from approximately 0.1% to approximately 8%, from approximately 0.1% to about 6% (weight), from approximately 0.1% to about 4% (weight), from approximately 0.1% to about 2% (weight), from approximately 0.5% to about 8% (weight), from approximately 0.5% to about 6% (weight), from approximately 0.5% to about 4% (weight), from approximately 0.5% to about 2% (weight), from approximately 1% to about 6% (weight), from approximately 1% to about 4% (weight), from approximately 1% to about 2% (weight), from approximately 2% to about 6% (weight), from approximately 2% to about 4% (weight).In other embodiments, the amount that exists at least a hydrophobic components is approximately 0.5%, approximately 1%, approximately 2%, approximately 4%, approximately 6%, approximately 8%, approximately 9%, and about 10% (weight), according to the dry weight of described at least one first.In another embodiment, at least a hydrophobic components amount is less than about 1% (weight), based on the dry weight of described at least one first.Its purpose also is, between any numerical value that the scope of the amount of at least a hydrophobic components can be listed in the above.
In some embodiment of the present disclosure, at least one first of described electrochemical heat signal or Mk system further comprises at least a adhesive.Described at least a adhesive can be water-soluble binder, and its melting range is from approximately 80 ℃ to approximately 650 ℃.For example, the melting range of water-soluble binder can be from approximately 80 ℃ to approximately 160 ℃, from approximately 100 ℃ to approximately 180 ℃, from approximately 120 ℃ to approximately 200 ℃, from approximately 140 ℃ to approximately 220 ℃, from approximately 160 ℃ to approximately 260 ℃, from approximately 180 ℃ to approximately 280 ℃, from approximately 200 ℃ to approximately 325 ℃, from approximately 250 ℃ to approximately 400 ℃, from approximately 300 ℃ to approximately 500 ℃, and from approximately 400 ℃ to approximately 650 ℃.In some embodiments, at least a adhesive is selected from polysaccharide, cellulose ether, polyvinyl alcohol, polyethylene glycol, the polyvinyl alcohol of ethoxylation, the long-chain alcohol of ethoxylation and the mixture of any aforementioned substances of polyacrylate, polymethacrylates, EUDRAGIT L100-55, PVP, polysaccharide, replacement.In further embodiment, described at least a adhesive comprises at least a ethoxylation long-chain alcohol.The representative example of suitable at least a ethoxylation long-chain alcohol comprises the aliphatic alcohol of carbon number between 20 and 50, although can suitably adopt other.The suitable ethoxylation long-chain alcohol that is used for this purpose is by Baker Hughes, Sugar Land, and Texas produces, and is on sale with trade name Unithox Ethoxylates700 series at present.
In other embodiments, at least a additional component that comprises in described at least one first and at least one second portion.In some embodiments, additional component comprises the dyestuff of at least a change color, and wherein said at least a change color dyestuff can be indicated the state of exothermic reaction.In some embodiments, described at least a change color dyestuff can change color with temperature, pH value or other chemical characteristic.
According to thermal signal of the present disclosure or marking arrangement and system has a lot, if not whole, following characteristics: cost is low, reliable, compact conformation, safely, be easy to deployment, high efficiency, non-ignition source, nontoxic, biodegradable and environmental friendliness.Hot property (signature) relatively uniformly is provided on the surface of equipment in some embodiment of the present disclosure; Other embodiments of the present disclosure provide the device that can adjust instantaneously heat output; Further embodiment of the present disclosure provides the heater that operating period can not reveal; Other embodiments of the present disclosure provide the heater of heat that can be in ventilation (venting) front gas recovery and steam; And also provide withdrawal liquid water from the water vapour that can be used for further promoting thermal chemical reaction in other embodiments of the present disclosure.
Another aspect of the present disclosure, at least one described part can be accommodated in housing, and this housing is separated described at least one first and described at least one second portion of described many parts electrochemical heat signal or Mk system, until when needing to mix.
In additional embodiment, the disclosure is pointed to storing apparatus, it comprises that (its fluid is communicated with the outside of storing apparatus and at least one of following member at least one first accommodation section, at least one second accommodation section, at least a ventilation member, described member first holds member and at least one second and holds member at least one) and at least a can broken barrier, its described at least one first accommodation section of separation and described at least one second accommodation section.
In another embodiment, the disclosure is pointed to storing apparatus, it comprises at least one first member, it comprises sealable opening, at least one second component, it connects described at least one first member so that at least one space that is between at least one first member and at least one second component to be provided, and wherein said at least one space comprises at least a super resistant alloy and at least a absorbent material.Described opening fluid ground is communicated with the outside of described at least one space and described storing apparatus, and by this opening, water, the aqueous solution, electrolyte or any aforesaid mixture be directed in described at least one space, begins to produce heat this moment.
In further embodiment, the disclosure is pointed to storing apparatus, it comprises at least one first accommodation section, wherein comprise at least a super resistant alloy and at least a absorbent material, at least a accommodation section that can be broken, it is inner that it is arranged on described at least one first accommodation section, and at least a ventilation member, and its fluid is communicated with described at least one first outside that holds member and storing apparatus.Be contained in such housing and/or storing apparatus according to the part of electrochemical heat signal of the present disclosure or Mk system.
In further embodiment, storing apparatus comprises at least a insulation component, and it makes undesirable further minimum heat losses.For example, storing apparatus can comprise at least a to heat radiation (for example, infrared ray) at least part of transparent insulation component, thus make thermal imaging system detect the temperature of the inclusion of storing apparatus inside, rather than just detect the colder outer surface of storing apparatus.In further embodiment, at least a insulation component prevents because the air transmitted of not expecting causes heat-energy losses when keeping the radiant heat energy of expectation.Comprise as the suitable example of described at least a insulation component, for example, polyolefin such as polyethylene and polypropylene.In other embodiment, storing apparatus can be coated with the structure that is commonly referred to " bubble wrap ", with minimum conductive and convection heat losses, still keeps high heat radiation level simultaneously.In some embodiments, the storing apparatus that comprises at least a insulation component can have the temperature difference of 40 ℃ between the outer surface of the inclusion of storing apparatus and storing apparatus.
In some embodiments, described device comprises rigid material, and this generator is with rigid construction.In other embodiments, described device comprises flexible material, thus the applicator flexibility and with the adaptability on surface, wherein device is placed on this surface.
Do not wish that by any specific theory constraint, disclosed electrochemical heat signal or Mk system send the heat energy that produces on multiple directions.Consequently, electrochemical heat signal or Mk system can be designed to the required direction of energy drag.In some embodiments, storing apparatus comprises at least a reflecting element, and it reflects the heat energy that at least a portion is sent on desirable direction.
Fig. 1 shows thermal signal or labelling apparatus, and 10, it comprises the container with inner space, described inner space is contained between the first member 11 and second component 12.These members can combine by heat-sealing, sonic welded, RF welding, Vibration Welding or any other suitable mode.At least one blow vent is set, 13, to alleviate the gas pressure that produces in operating process.Also can adopt this identical blow vent to introduce water in device.Connector is set, 14, with airtight container when not using and in mixed process instantaneous airtight container.Described connector can be configured to like this, and when being pressed in the hole fully, it has formed an air-locked sealing, but when not being pressed in the hole fully, allows ventilation.Described connector is designed to snap-in (snap in place), so it can accident not drop out.Frenulum, 15, prevent that connector 14 is with respect to device losses.Also can adopt at least one tie point, 16, so that the first member 11 and second component 12 are connected together.This is used for making the fixing distance of maintenance between these parts, increases the rigidity of equipment, and the internal capacity of holdout device.Can incorporate extra spacer element 17 in device, with the structure of further stabilising arrangement.These elements may comprise or may not comprise the connection (bonds) between the first and second parts.As expected, can first and/or second component in incorporate ribs into, 18, to improve the rigidity of structure.Also optional hook or hole can be set, 24, with convenient, device is attached to nail or rope.
Fig. 2 illustrates the decomposition view that installs shown in Fig. 1.The first member 11 and second component 12 when periphery is sealed, have defined the inner space, wherein comprise the first reactive explosive 19, and it can comprise dried component mixture.Can adopt strippable, pressure-sensitive seal before using, 25, cover passage; Perhaps, the connector shown in Fig. 1 14 can reach this purpose.Radiation reflector, 20, adhere to (attach) or otherwise connect with the part of second component 12.This reflector comprises metal forming, metalized film, or the heat reflector of any other suitable form.Can adopt heat insulator, 21, limit conductive heat loss.If necessary, also adhesive phase, 22 can be set.In some embodiments, use contact adhesive, thereby whole device is more easily adhered on the surface.In such embodiment, can use loose bush (removable release liner), not shown, to prevent from polluting before use adhesive.
Fig. 3 has described the decomposition view of thermal signal or labelling apparatus 10, and wherein, connector 14 is incorporated on second component 12.Radiation reflector 20, the part of heat insulator 21 and adhesive phase 22 can remove, with offer connector 14 smoothly path to be fit to enter blow vent 13.
Fig. 4 provides another thermal signal or labelling apparatus 10, and it comprises frangible container, 26.Frangible container comprises water, the aqueous solution, liquid electrolyte or their mixture.As used herein, term " liquid electrolyte " refers at least a electrolyte in conjunction with one of them of water or the aqueous solution.When container broke, the reactant of this liquid contact drying also started heating.Can make at least a portion of this power be applied to frangible container by applying power to device 10, container is broken.Pressure sensitive sealant spare 25 covers blow vent 13, until hand-driven moving removes or until the pressure that forms in device forces seal to leave the 1st parts 11, ventilate this moment.At least one blow vent 13 can be placed on different a plurality of positions, ventilates during allowing device to produce gas.As self-activating device, such embodiment may be useful.For example, such device with its unactivated state, can be placed on road.The vehicle of contact device or pin break frangible container, and startup adds thermal response.
Fig. 5 shows thermal signal or labelling apparatus 10, it comprises can fill capsule, and 27, wherein by removing closed means, 28, and pour water, the aqueous solution, liquid electrolyte or its mixture into and can add entry, the aqueous solution, liquid electrolyte or their mixture in capsule 27 to filling.Described capsule is also frangible, rupturable or is designed to when capsule bears enough power, discharges inclusion wherein.Capsule can be many methods form, described method includes but not limited to blow molding, thermoforming, rotational moulding (rotomolding) or two, more or less plane institution movement heat-sealing is made and form the hydraulic pressure storage tank between member.Capsule can be the first member 11 certainly, also can be the part of second component 12, and be incorporated on it.No matter in any situation, fluid contents is retained in capsule, and separates with the first reactive explosive 19 and deposit, until the capsule destroy integrity, at this moment, fluid contents contact the first reactive explosive in capsule also begins heating.Can adopt blow vent 13, or from ventilation type locking device, 28.Such embodiment, shown in Fig. 4, can be also self-activating.In the situation of Fig. 5, until before disposing, just be necessary immediately water, electrolyte or any other liquid component to be contained in device inside.This may be desirable, if equipment transports, stores or otherwise processing, wherein this device might unexpectedly or prematurely activate.
Also it is contemplated that, capsule 27 is that time-delay discharges capsule.In some embodiments, capsule is prepared by water-soluble material, and wherein this material will dissolve when being exposed to liquid component.Can pass through the speed of this material dissolves of THICKNESS CONTROL of preparation capsule material used and cyst wall, for example, in minutes.material suitable in these embodiments comprises polyvinyl acetate, poly-(alkyl methacrylate), polyoxygenated (ethene) (poly (ethylene) oxide), alkylcellulose such as ethyl cellulose and methylcellulose, carboxymethyl cellulose, the hydrophilic cellulose derivative, polyethylene glycol, PVP, cellulose acetate, cellulose acetate-butyrate, cellulose acetate phthalate, trimellitic acid cellulose acetate (celluloseacetate trimellitate), acetic acid polyethylene phthalic acid ester (polyvinyl acetate phthalate), HPMCP (hydroxy propyl methyl cellulosephthalate), HPMCAS (hydroxypropylmethyl celluloseacetate succinate) and polyvinyl acetal diethylin acetic acid esters (polyvinyl acetaldiethylaminoacetate).
Fig. 6 illustrates another kind of thermal signal or marking arrangement 10, and it comprises bag-shaped parts, and 31, it can engage the first member 32 by connecting (bonding), stitching or other mode, and second component 33 is made.Sealing area, 30 form the bag of restriceted envelope.Member 32 and 33 can be with the preparation of the material of cloth shape, for example woven cloths or nonwoven, and perhaps they can be made of making hole film, and this making hole film can be porous or non-porous.In any situation, at least a portion of each above-mentioned these bag is porous, and allows the aqueous solution (water aqueous solution), liquid electrolyte or their mixture of water to enter.The bag that forms in bag-shaped parts comprises the dry ingredient of expectation, and is used for keeping the relative position with respect to single unit system of these dry ingredients.Bag-shaped parts 31 can drive piles (staked), connect or otherwise adhere at least a portion of device 10 inside.
In some embodiments, described bag comprises absorbent material, for example super absorbent polymer; In other embodiments, described bag itself can be made by absorbent material, and in some embodiments, absorbent material can mix with the first reactive explosive the uniform mixture that creates in various degree.Do not wish by any specific theory constraint, when described the second reactive explosive (for example, water or liquid electrolyte) added and contacts with bag, its process bag wall was also absorbed by absorbent material.Along with absorbing material expands, the volume of mixture that contains absorbing material and the first reactive explosive increases.Because volume of mixture increases, its uniform character in various degree is retained.This can prevent that the first reactive explosive from gathering, and guarantees to have enough electrolyte can arrive the first all reactive explosives.
Although the device shown in figure is more or less the plane, this is the shape of unrestricted invention also.For example, this equipment may be taked shaft-like or bar-shaped form, similar " glo-stick ".In addition, this device can adopt the form of the mark of letter, numeral, arrow or other expectation.This device even can be taked flexible or expandable version.
The formula of embodiment 1 dry ingredient mixture
| Super absorbent polymer | 8.10 | |
20% |
| HDK H15 silica | 0.40 | g | 1% |
| Sodium chloride | 1.50 | g | 4% |
| The yellow 5/FD﹠C blueness 1 of FD﹠C | 0.004 | g | 0.0100% |
| The C-5 alloy | 20 | g | 50% |
| The C-5 alloy that applies | 10 | |
25% |
| Dry weight amounts to | 40.00 | g | 100% |
Table 1
The formula of embodiment 2 dry ingredient mixtures
| Super absorbent polymer | 4.048 | g | 45.0% |
| HDK H15 silica | 0.200 | g | 2.2% |
| Sodium chloride | 0.751 | g | 8.3% |
| The yellow 5/FD﹠C blueness 1 of FD﹠C | 0.002 | g | 0.022% |
| The C-5 alloy | 4.000 | g | 44.4% |
| Dry weight amounts to | 9.000 | g | 100.0% |
Table 2
In the situation that consider disclosed specification of the present disclosure and practice here, other embodiment of the present disclosure will be apparent for the ability technical staff.Its objective is, specification and embodiment only are considered as exemplary in nature, and claims show real scope of the present disclosure and main idea.
Claims (27)
1. many parts electrochemical heat signal or designation system, it comprises:
At least one first, it comprises at least a super resistant alloy and at least a absorbent material; With
At least one second portion, it comprises at least a component, it is selected from the mixture of water, the aqueous solution, at least a electrolyte and any aforementioned substances;
Wherein, the evolution of heat when described at least one first and the interaction of at least one second portion.
2. many parts electrochemical heat signal or the designation system of claim 1, wherein, described at least a absorbent material is selected from the fluid of natural and synthetic polymerization absorbent, hydrocolloid/polysaccharide asborbent, cellulosic class absorbent, natural gum and resin absorbent material, inorganic absorbent, formation gel-interactive viscosity dressing, wool, cotton, gined cotton, at least a super absorbent polymer, and the mixture of any aforementioned substances.
3. many parts electrochemical heat signal or the designation system of claim 1, wherein, described at least a absorbent material comprises at least a super absorbent polymer.
4. many parts electrochemical heat signal or the designation system of claim 3, wherein, described at least a super absorbent polymer is selected from the polystyrene type of polyvinylpyrrolidone class, sulfonation, the polyethylene toluene class of sulfonation, poly--sulfo group ethyl propylene acid esters class, poly--2-hydroxyethylmethacry,ate class, polyacrylate, the polyacrylamide of hydrolysis and the mixture of acrylamide and acrylic acid copolymer analog, hydrocolloid absorbent material class, sodium polyacrylate, polyacrylic acid potassium class, Lithium polyacrylate class, ammonium polyacrylate class and any aforementioned substances.
5. many parts electrochemical heat signal or the designation system of claim 3, wherein, described at least a super absorbent polymer comprises sodium polyacrylate.
6. many parts electrochemical heat signal or the designation system of claim 3, wherein, the span of described at least a super absorbent polymer amount is by weight from 0.5% to 90%, based on the dry weight of described at least one first.
7. many parts electrochemical heat signal or the designation system of claim 3, wherein, the span of described at least a super absorbent polymer amount is by weight from approximately 20% to 30%, based on the dry weight of described at least one first.
8. many parts electrochemical heat signal or the designation system of claim 1, wherein, the described at least a super absorbent polymer of real mass has coating, and described coating comprises the hydrophobicity pyrogenic silica.
9. many parts electrochemical heat signal or the designation system of claim 1, wherein, described at least a super resistant alloy comprises at least a the first alloy compositions, it is selected from the mixture of aluminium, magnesium, zinc and any aforementioned substances, and at least a the second alloy compositions, the mixture of its chosen from Fe, copper, nickel, titanium, chromium, carbon and any above-mentioned substance.
10. many parts electrochemical heat signal or the designation system of claim 1, wherein, the part of described at least a super resistant alloy scribbles coating at least in part, and described coating is selected from water-soluble coating, water permeability coating and water degradable coating.
11. many parts electrochemical heat signal or the designation system of claim 1, wherein, described at least a super resistant alloy comprises magnesium and iron.
12. many parts electrochemical heat signal or the designation system of claim 1, wherein, described at least a super resistant alloy comprises that size range is from about Unite States Standard sieve 14 to the about particle of Unite States Standard sieve 200.
13. many parts electrochemical heat signal or the designation system of claim 1, wherein, described at least a super resistant alloy comprises the mixture of following particle: size range from about Unite States Standard sieve 16 to about Unite States Standard sieve 20 particle and size range from about Unite States Standard sieve 45 to the about particle of Unite States Standard sieve 140.
14. many parts electrochemical heat signal or the designation system of claim 1, wherein, described at least a super resistant alloy amount is by weight from 5% to 75%, based on the dry weight of described at least one first.
15. many parts electrochemical heat signal or the designation system of claim 1, wherein, the component of described at least one second portion is selected from water and the aqueous solution, and described at least one first further comprises at least a electrolyte.
16. many parts electrochemical heat signal or the designation system of claim 15, wherein, described at least a electrolyte comprises at least a salt that comprises following cation and anion, and wherein cation is selected from Li
+, Na
+, K
+, Mg
2+, Ca
2+, and any above-mentioned combination, anion is selected from Cl
-, Br
-, I
-, ClO
4 -, BF
4 -, PF
6 -, ASF
6 -, SbF
6 -, CH
3CO
2 -, CF
3SO
3 -, N (CF
3SO
2)
2 -, C (CF
3SO
2)
2 -, CO
3 2-, and any above-mentioned combination.
17. many parts electrochemical heat signal or the designation system of claim 15, wherein, described at least a electrolytical amount is by weight from 0.01% to 36%, based on the weight of described at least one second portion.
18. many parts electrochemical heat signal or the designation system of claim 1, wherein, the component of described at least one second portion comprises at least a electrolyte.
19. many parts electrochemical heat signal or the designation system of claim 18, wherein, described at least a electrolyte comprises at least a salt that comprises following cation and anion, and wherein cation is selected from Li
+, Na
+, K
+, Mg
2+, Ca
2+With any above-mentioned combination, anion is selected from Cl
-, Br
-, I
-, ClO
4 -, BF
4 -, PF
6 -, ASF
6 -, SbF
6 -, CH
3CO
2 -, CF
3SO
3 -, N (CF
3SO
2)
2 -, C (CF
3SO
2)
2 -, CO
3 2-And any above-mentioned combination.
20. many parts electrochemical heat signal or the designation system of claim 18, wherein, described at least a electrolytical amount is by weight from 0.01% to 36%, based on the weight of described at least one second portion.
21. many parts electrochemical heat signal or the designation system of claim 1, wherein, described at least one first further comprises at least a hydrophobic components.
22. many parts electrochemical heat signal or the designation system of claim 21, wherein, described at least a hydrophobic components comprises the hydrophobicity pyrogenic silica.
23. many parts electrochemical heat signal or the designation system of claim 1 comprise the particle of suppressing at least a super resistant alloy and the pellet that forms.
24. many parts electrochemical heat signal or the designation system of claim 1 further comprise at least one reflecting element.
25. many parts electrochemical heat signal or the designation system of claim 1 further comprise at least one insulation component.
26. many parts electrochemical heat signal or designation system, it comprises:
At least one first, it comprises at least a super resistant alloy and at least a super absorbent polymer; With
At least one second portion, it comprises at least a component, it is selected from the mixture of water, the aqueous solution, at least a electrolyte and any aforementioned substances;
Wherein, the evolution of heat when described at least one first and the interaction of at least one second portion.
27. storing apparatus, it comprises:
At least one first accommodation section, it comprises at least a super resistant alloy and at least a absorbent material,
At least one second accommodation section, it comprises the material of the mixture that is selected from water, the aqueous solution, at least a electrolyte and any aforementioned substances,
At least one member of ventilating, its fluid be communicated with described storing apparatus the outside and described at least one first hold member and described at least one second at least one that hold in member, and
At least a can broken barrier, it separates described at least one first accommodation section and described at least one second accommodation section;
Wherein, evolution of heat during described at least a can broken barrier being broken.
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
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|---|---|---|---|
| US34346910P | 2010-04-28 | 2010-04-28 | |
| US61/343,469 | 2010-04-28 | ||
| PCT/US2011/034365 WO2011139849A2 (en) | 2010-04-28 | 2011-04-28 | Thermal signaling or making device |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN103109140A true CN103109140A (en) | 2013-05-15 |
Family
ID=44121094
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN2011800326481A Pending CN103109140A (en) | 2010-04-28 | 2011-04-28 | Thermal signaling or making device |
Country Status (9)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US20120006313A1 (en) |
| EP (1) | EP2564126A2 (en) |
| KR (1) | KR20130057437A (en) |
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| AU (1) | AU2011248485A1 (en) |
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| IL (1) | IL222420A0 (en) |
| SG (1) | SG185015A1 (en) |
| WO (1) | WO2011139849A2 (en) |
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| KR20160133905A (en) | 2015-05-14 | 2016-11-23 | 현대자동차주식회사 | Control system and method of hybrid bus |
| US10222012B2 (en) * | 2016-08-08 | 2019-03-05 | Tempo Industries, Llc | Ceiling-based LED auditorium pathway lighting apparatus |
| CN106631838A (en) * | 2016-12-27 | 2017-05-10 | 四川福思达生物技术开发有限责任公司 | Isononanoic acid choline raw drug and preparation, and preparation methods thereof |
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| US20040112367A1 (en) * | 2002-12-11 | 2004-06-17 | Mauro Zaninelli | Heating or chilling sack container |
| US20050056269A1 (en) * | 2003-09-11 | 2005-03-17 | Srinivasan Venkatesan | Portable heating pack |
| CN101325933A (en) * | 2005-12-15 | 2008-12-17 | 金伯利-克拉克环球有限公司 | Thermal device having a controlled heating profile |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| US20120006313A1 (en) | 2012-01-12 |
| WO2011139849A8 (en) | 2012-01-26 |
| CA2797270A1 (en) | 2011-11-10 |
| AU2011248485A1 (en) | 2012-12-06 |
| WO2011139849A2 (en) | 2011-11-10 |
| SG185015A1 (en) | 2012-11-29 |
| WO2011139849A3 (en) | 2012-03-15 |
| IL222420A0 (en) | 2012-12-31 |
| EP2564126A2 (en) | 2013-03-06 |
| KR20130057437A (en) | 2013-05-31 |
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Application publication date: 20130515 |