CN103111819B - Preparation method of cutter surface antisticking antifriction micro mosaic composite texture - Google Patents
Preparation method of cutter surface antisticking antifriction micro mosaic composite texture Download PDFInfo
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- CN103111819B CN103111819B CN201310022645.0A CN201310022645A CN103111819B CN 103111819 B CN103111819 B CN 103111819B CN 201310022645 A CN201310022645 A CN 201310022645A CN 103111819 B CN103111819 B CN 103111819B
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Abstract
The invention discloses a preparation method of a cutter surface antisticking antifriction micro mosaic composite texture and belongs to the technical field of mechanical cutting tool manufacture. The preparation method comprises the steps of carrying out texturing overlaid and microcavity/groove composite texture processing on the working surface of a cutter by using laser, and filling solid lubricant into the microcavity/groove texture of the cutter surface in a pressed and embedded mode. The preparation method of the cutter surface antisticking antifriction micro mosaic composite texture overcomes monotony of the existing cutter texture method, improves aintisticking performance of the front cutter surface of the cutter, preventing generation of a built-up edge, performs the function of storing and conveying of the texturing overlaid and microcavity/groove composite texture on cutting fluid, performs cooling and lubrication action on the cutter and achieves the purposes of improving durability and cutting efficiency of the cutter and ensuring machining quality of a workpiece surface.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to technical field of mechanical cutting tool manufacture, refer in particular to micro-preparation texture of the anti-stick antifriction of a kind of tool surface and preparation method thereof, for solving the lower problem of tool life and stock-removing efficiency in high-speed cutting, dry cutting and difficult-to-machine material process.
Background technology
In metal cutting process, the severe friction between cutter and workpiece, chip and will tool wear be caused with the acting in conjunction of heat in metal cutting and reduce crudy.Particularly for difficult-to-machine material, as titanium alloy, high temperature alloy, unimach etc., and under dry cutting condition, the Fast Wearing of cutter has become the crucial problem restricting stock-removing efficiency and improve further.Research shows, tool surface texture has very important impact for cutter-bits contact surface friction, lubrication and wearing and tearing and machined surface quality.
Application number is that the China of CN200810189022 authorizes patent of invention to disclose a kind of preparation method of the textured diamond-like carbon composite film for water lubrication.The method adopts laser surface micro-moulding technology, can obtain micro-texture features moulding, then obtain DLC film by magnetron sputtered deposition technology at surface of the work at surface of the work.Film substantially increases the stability of conventional DLC film under water lubrication condition and anti-wear and wear-resistant performance, and coefficient of friction reduces up to 40%, and wearability improves 1 ~ 3 times.Be suitable for the surfacecti proteon with the mechanical seal ring under water environment, thrust bearing and other machine driving friction pairs and strengthening.This patent does not relate to the compound texture process of tool surface.Application number be China's application patent of invention of CN201010299372 disclose a kind of rule with the performance of excellent Nanotribology micro-, receive the processing method of texture gold surface, the method comprises and utilizes plasma etching Replica molding and surface chemical modification method to combine, realize constructing on a gold surface polytype rule micro-, receive texture.This patent does not relate to the compound texture process of metal cutting tool material surface.Application number is that the China of CN200910117691 applies for that patent of invention discloses a kind of processing method of surface of multi-scale bionic structure.The method mating surface complex method and electro-deposition method, micro Process goes out to have the bionical texture electrodeposited coating of biological surface high accuracy on the metal surface.But consider the hardness of electrodeposited coating and the bond strength reason with matrix thereof, the texture surface that the method is formed can not adapt to the requirement of metal cutting process.Application number is that the China of CN201010124734 applies for that patent of invention discloses a kind of femtosecond laser preparation method of micro-nano composite texturing cutting tool.This invention utilizes femtosecond laser to carry out micro-nano texture and micro-/compound texture of receiving preparation at tool surface.The method overcome the textured unicity of micro-meter scale, but do not relate to tool surface texturing and the process of micro-preparation texture.Application number is that China's application patent of invention of CN201110089826 discloses a kind of micro-texture self-lubricating drilling bit and preparation method thereof.The method utilizes Laser Processing to go out micro-texture of multiple filling kollag in drill bit rake face cutter-bits contact zone, and is adopted by solid lubricant powder stearic acid furnishing thick paste to insert the micro-texture of tool surface, to improve the service life of drill bit.The method does not relate to the anti-stick frosting treatment of tool surface and the micro-of kollag inlays solidification process.Application number is that CN201110369863 China application patent of invention discloses film coating micronano texture preparation method and device thereof.The method does not relate to tool surface texturing and the process of micro-embedded self-lubricating compound texture.Application number is that China's application patent of invention of CN201210118555 discloses a kind of laser lithography assisted electrochemical deposition micro-texture method of preparation and device thereof.But consider the hardness of electrodeposited coating and the reason lower with the bond strength of matrix thereof, the surface texturing convex body that the method is formed is difficult to the requirement adapting to metal cutting process.Application number is that CN201110148422.x China authorizes patent of invention to disclose a kind of metal forming mould texturing self-lubrication treatment method.The method does not relate to tool surface texturing and the process of micro-preparation texture.Application number is that China's application patent of invention of CN201110353909 discloses a kind of WS2 soft coating and receives texture self-lubricating cutter and preparation method thereof.This tool matrix material is high-speed steel or carbide alloy, and what cutter rake face cutter-bits contact zone processed with femtosecond laser receives texture, adopts medium frequency magnetron sputtering deposition+multi-arc ion coating method to deposit WS2 soft coating receiving texture tool surface.This cutter not only has soft coating self-lubricating effect, also has to receive texture self-lubricating effect.But be difficult to supplement after the wearing and tearing of the soft coating of soft coating self-lubricating knife tool, the method does not relate to the anti-stick texturing of tool surface and the process of micro-preparation texture yet.Application number is that China's application patent of invention of CN201010132539 discloses a kind of flexible electrode electric spark piece surface moulding and surface texturing method.By spark discharge, the shape handles is carried out to piece surface.Due in EDM process, easily there is loss distortion in electrode, so processing pattern is difficult to be effectively controlled.
In order to the anti-stick property, the reduction that improve tool surface in working angles rub, reduce tool wear, improve cutting-tool's used life, applicant passes through effective combination of texturing technology and micro-preparation texture technology, form the micro-preparation texture method of the anti-stick antifriction of a kind of new tool surface, improve tool life and stock-removing efficiency to reach, ensure the object of surface of the work crudy.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide the preparation method of the micro-preparation texture of the anti-stick antifriction of a kind of tool surface, object is to reduce friction, reduces cutting force and cutting temperature, alleviates tool wear, improves tool life and stock-removing efficiency in cutting process.
Technical solution of the present invention is as follows: especially by the compound texture process to cutter working surface, reach the anti-stick property both improving cutter rake face.By stoping the generation of built-up edge to the frosting treatment of cutter rake face point area; Be embedded in kollag in cutter working surface microcavity/groove to drag under the acting in conjunction of heat in metal cutting and extruding force and spread on cutter working face and form continuous print solid lubricant film, reduce again the friction between tool-workpiece and tool-chip; Performance texturing and microcavity/groove texture store the cooling and lubricating effect of conveying and cutter to cutting fluid again simultaneously, reach and improve tool life and stock-removing efficiency, ensure the object of surface of the work crudy.
First scheme carries out the micro-texture of cutter working surface, as texturing convex body, microcavity, parallel with the chip direction of motion, the Laser Processing of vertical or reticulate structure microflute: namely adopt diode pumping Nd: YAG laser, laser realizes wave-length coverage through cavity external frequency multiplication: 355 nm, 532nm, 1064 nm, condenser lens focal length is 30 ~ 90mm, repetition rate 1.5 ~ 9.0Khz, current strength 13 ~ 21A, sweep speed 5 ~ 15mm/s, microcavity diameters 20 ~ 120 μm, width of mini longitudinal channels 20 ~ 120 μm, the texture degree of depth 3 ~ 70 μm, texturing convex body height 1 ~ 10 μm, texturing convex body diameter 20 ~ 100 μm.Surface micro-bulge, microcavity adopt planar array column or staggered arrangement, and surperficial microflute adopts parallel with the chip direction of motion, vertical or oblique reticulate structure.The area ratio/occupancy ratio of texture is 10% ~ 40%, assist gas adopt N2(99.9%), pressure 0.05 ~ 0.3Mpa.
Then self-lubricating composite pointing bonding is carried out: first by the even batch mixing of each component of self-lubricating solid agent composite; Then the self-lubricating solid agent composite powder mixed 1 ~ 1.5h under 130 ~ 150oC is dried; Tool surface adopts ultrasonic clean pretreatment; Adopt normal pressure to inject microcavity, groove, pressure fills out solidification self-lubricating solid agent composite; Tool surface carries out polishing cleaning post processing.
Self-lubricating composite composition of the present invention and formula (by mass percentage) thereof:
MoS2:0 ~ 40% of particle diameter≤1 μm;
WS2:0 ~ 45% of particle diameter≤2 μm;
The fluorographite of particle diameter≤2 μm: 0 ~ 25%;
The graphite powder of particle diameter≤3 μm: 0 ~ 20%;
PbO:0 ~ 12% of particle diameter≤3 μm;
The antimony oxide of particle diameter≤2 μm: 0 ~ 10%;
CaF2 or BaF2:0 ~ 12% of particle diameter≤2 μm;
The hexagonal boron nitride of particle diameter≤2 μm: 0 ~ 13%;
Particle diameter 20 ~ 500nm nano lubricating agent: 0 ~ 15%;
Binding agent: 5 ~ 15%;
Additive: 0 ~ 6%.
The present invention is applicable to different tool matrix material as the laser compound texture process of high-speed steel, carbide alloy, sintex and soft/hard conating cutter, to improve tool life, stock-removing efficiency and workpiece machining surface quality.The present invention is also applicable to the anti-stick antifriction of metal forming die surface simultaneously and texturing increases the process that rubs, to optimize die surface friction profile and material flowing, raising die life and drip molding quality.
Beneficial effect of the present invention is: 1) by the frosting treatment to cutter rake face, to improve the anti-stick property of cutter rake face, stop the generation of built-up edge, utilize again and embed dragging of kollag in cutter working surface microcavity/groove and smear effect, to reduce the friction between tool-workpiece and tool-chip, performance texturing and microcavity/groove texture store the cooling and lubricating effect of conveying and cutter to cutting fluid again simultaneously, reach and improve tool life and stock-removing efficiency, ensure the object of surface of the work crudy; 2) kollag of the present invention has given full play to the collaborative lubricating effect of different component, improves comprehensive lubrication antifriction effect; 3) surperficial micro-texture processing adopts semiconductor pumped YAG laser, and its compact conformation, pulse stabilization are reliable, good beam quality, and repetition rate is high, and controllability is good, can adapt to the processing request of different texture shape and size; 4) laser surface texturing and micro-preparation texture technology are applicable to different cutter material as the compound texture process of high-speed steel, carbide alloy, sintex and soft/hard conating cutter, and can realize HECNCM.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is texturing and micro-preparation texture tool sharpening schematic diagram.
Fig. 2 is high-speed steel tool rake face Laser Processing microcavity figure.
Fig. 3 is high-speed steel tool rake face Laser Processing microflute figure.
Fig. 4 is high-speed steel tool rake face Laser Processing microcavity dimensional drawing.
Fig. 5 is high-speed steel tool rake face Laser Processing microflute dimensional drawing.
Fig. 6 is high-speed steel tool kollag microcavity pointing design sketch.
Fig. 7 is the point area texturing of high-speed steel tool rake face and nick chamber compound texture pattern.
Fig. 8 is high-speed steel rake face point area texturing appearance and size figure.
Fig. 9 is that after high-speed steel bit, knife face microcavity inlays texture pattern.
Figure 10 is hard alloy cutter rake face Laser Processing microcavity figure.
Figure 11 is hard alloy cutter rake face Laser Processing microcavity dimensional drawing.
Figure 12 is carbide alloy kollag microcavity pointing design sketch.
Figure 13 is coated cutting tool rake face Laser Processing microcavity figure.
Figure 14 is coated cutting tool rake face Laser Processing microcavity dimensional drawing.
Figure 15 is coated cutting tool kollag microcavity pointing design sketch.
Detailed description of the invention
Embodiment 1:
By carrying out Laser Micro-Machining to high-speed steel tool material rake face, obtain desirable surperficial microcavity/microflute texture, respectively as shown in Figure 2 and Figure 3.The optical maser wavelength that microcavity processing adopts is 532nm, 17 amperes, electric current, pulse number 3 times, repetition rate 1900Hz, nitrogen pressure 0.15MPa.The optical maser wavelength that microflute processing adopts is 532nm, 17 amperes, electric current, sweep speed 10mm/s, repetition rate 2500Hz, nitrogen pressure 0.15MPa.After ultrasonic cleaning, the microcavity utilizing VYKO pattern instrument to record and microflute size respectively as shown in Figure 4 and Figure 5, show that micro-texture crudy is good, for the embedding of kollag creates good condition.The operations such as cured lubricant-surperficial post processing are filled out by even batch mixing-powder oven dry-surface preparation-pressure, realize evenly tamping of kollag shaping, as shown in Figure 7, in microcavity, lubricant and surface of test piece are substantially concordant for pointing effect, show that pointing is respond well.Shown by the sliding friction test at UMT-2 type multifunction friction wear testing machine, the coefficient of friction of the texture surface (microcavity area ratio/occupancy ratio 22% ~ 35%) of solid lubricant inlaid is only 0.075 ~ 0.10, far below the coefficient of friction (0.3 ~ 0.5) without self-lubricating texture surface.
Fig. 7 is the texturing of rake face point area and nick chamber compound texture pattern.Texturing pattern is spherical crown shape pattern, as shown in Figure 8.Concrete laser processing parameter is: wavelength is 532nm, 18 amperes, electric current, pulse number 3 times, repetition rate are 7775Hz, nitrogen pressure 0.08MPa.
Fig. 9 is the lathe tool of rear knife face through the compound texture process of nick chamber.The distribution of rear knife face nick chamber as shown in figure 11.
Embodiment 2:
By carrying out Laser Micro-Machining to YT15 sintered carbide tool material rake face, the Surface Texture of acquisition as shown in Figure 10.The optical maser wavelength that microcavity processing adopts is 532nm, 17 amperes, electric current, pulse number 4 times, repetition rate 1900Hz, nitrogen pressure 0.15MPa.After ultrasonic cleaning, utilize microcavity size that VYKO pattern instrument records as shown in figure 11.The hard texturing convex body of about 2 microns high is defined around cavity.The operations such as cured lubricant-surperficial post processing are filled out by even batch mixing-powder oven dry-surface preparation-pressure, realize evenly tamping of kollag shaping, shown in pointing effect Figure 12, in microcavity, lubricant and surface of test piece are substantially concordant, show that pointing is respond well.
Embodiment 3:
By carrying out Laser Micro-Machining to TiN Coating Tool material rake face, obtain Surface Texture as shown in figure 13.The optical maser wavelength that microcavity processing adopts is 532nm, 17 amperes, electric current, pulse number 6 times, repetition rate 1900Hz, nitrogen pressure 0.15MPa.After ultrasonic cleaning, utilize microcavity size that VYKO pattern instrument records as shown in figure 14.Due to coating, fail to produce wear-resisting texturing convex body around cavity.Therefore tool surface texturing and microcavity/groove compound texture process can be carried out before cutter carries out coating process.Adopt compound texture processing before being coated with, Laser Micro-Machining efficiency can be improved.The method of first texture resurfacing, effectively can prevent Laser Processing to the side effect of cutter coat, and can improve the anti-wear performance on texturing convex body surface.The operations such as cured lubricant-surperficial post processing are filled out again by even batch mixing-powder oven dry-surface preparation-pressure, realize evenly tamping of kollag shaping, shown in pointing effect Figure 15, in microcavity, lubricant and surface of test piece are substantially concordant, show that pointing is respond well.
Claims (2)
1. a preparation method for the micro-preparation texture of the anti-stick antifriction of tool surface, it is characterized in that, concrete steps are as follows:
A) the micro-texture of cutter working surface is first carried out, Laser Processing goes out texturing micro-bulge, microcavity and parallel with the chip direction of motion, vertical or oblique reticulate structure microflute, adopt diode pumping Nd: YAG laser, laser realizes wave-length coverage through cavity external frequency multiplication: 355 nm, 532nm, 1064 nm, condenser lens focal length is 30 ~ 90mm, repetition rate 1.5 ~ 9.0Khz, current strength 13 ~ 21A, sweep speed 5 ~ 15mm/s, microcavity diameters 20 ~ 120 μm, width of mini longitudinal channels 20 ~ 120 μm, the texture degree of depth 3 ~ 70 μm, texturing micro-bulge height 1 ~ 10 μm, texturing micro-bulge diameter 20 ~ 100 μm, texturing micro-bulge, microcavity adopt planar array column or staggered arrangement, microflute is parallel with the chip direction of motion, vertical with the chip direction of motion or tilt with the chip direction of motion, the area ratio/occupancy ratio of the micro-texture in surface is 10% ~ 40%, and assist gas adopts the N of 99.9%
2, pressure 0.05 ~ 0.3Mpa,
B) self-lubricating solid agent composite pointing bonding is carried out: first by the even batch mixing of each component of self-lubricating solid agent composite; Then by the self-lubricating solid agent composite powder that mixes 130 ~ 150
ounder C, 1 ~ 1.5h is dried; Tool surface adopts ultrasonic clean pretreatment; Adopt normal pressure to inject microcavity, microflute, pressure fills out solidification self-lubricating solid agent composite; Tool surface carries out polishing cleaning post processing.
2. the preparation method of the micro-preparation texture of the anti-stick antifriction of a kind of tool surface according to claim 1, is characterized in that, each component and the mass percentage thereof of described self-lubricating solid agent composite are respectively:
MoS2:0 ~ 40% of particle diameter≤1 μm;
WS2:0 ~ 45% of particle diameter≤2 μm;
The fluorographite of particle diameter≤2 μm: 0 ~ 25%;
The graphite powder of particle diameter≤3 μm: 0 ~ 20%;
PbO:0 ~ 12% of particle diameter≤3 μm;
The antimony oxide of particle diameter≤2 μm: 0 ~ 10%;
CaF2 or BaF2:0 ~ 12% of particle diameter≤2 μm;
The hexagonal boron nitride of particle diameter≤2 μm: 0 ~ 13%;
Particle diameter 20 ~ 500nm nano lubricating agent: 0 ~ 15%;
Binding agent: 5 ~ 15%;
Additive: 0 ~ 6%.
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