CN103118615A - 用于铰接外科装置的控制结构 - Google Patents

用于铰接外科装置的控制结构 Download PDF

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CN103118615A
CN103118615A CN2011800460599A CN201180046059A CN103118615A CN 103118615 A CN103118615 A CN 103118615A CN 2011800460599 A CN2011800460599 A CN 2011800460599A CN 201180046059 A CN201180046059 A CN 201180046059A CN 103118615 A CN103118615 A CN 103118615A
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axle
end effector
operate
controller
jaw
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CN103118615B (zh
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B·C·沃雷尔
C·P·布德罗克斯
M·C·米勒
C·J·沙伊布
F·E·谢尔顿四世
G·S·斯特罗布尔
F·B·斯图伦
G·A·特里斯
A·C·沃格勒
S·D·玛德森
E·J·亨利
W·E·克莱姆
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Ethicon Endo Surgery Inc
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    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B18/00Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body
    • A61B18/04Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body by heating
    • A61B18/12Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body by heating by passing a current through the tissue to be heated, e.g. high-frequency current
    • A61B18/14Probes or electrodes therefor
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B17/00Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
    • A61B17/068Surgical staplers, e.g. containing multiple staples or clamps
    • A61B17/072Surgical staplers, e.g. containing multiple staples or clamps for applying a row of staples in a single action, e.g. the staples being applied simultaneously
    • A61B17/07207Surgical staplers, e.g. containing multiple staples or clamps for applying a row of staples in a single action, e.g. the staples being applied simultaneously the staples being applied sequentially
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B17/00Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
    • A61B17/28Surgical forceps
    • A61B17/29Forceps for use in minimally invasive surgery
    • A61B17/295Forceps for use in minimally invasive surgery combined with cutting implements
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B17/00Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
    • A61B2017/00367Details of actuation of instruments, e.g. relations between pushing buttons, or the like, and activation of the tool, working tip, or the like
    • A61B2017/00371Multiple actuation, e.g. pushing of two buttons, or two working tips becoming operational
    • A61B2017/0038Simultaneous actuation of two tools by pushing one button or the like
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B17/00Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
    • A61B17/28Surgical forceps
    • A61B17/29Forceps for use in minimally invasive surgery
    • A61B2017/2901Details of shaft
    • A61B2017/2908Multiple segments connected by articulations
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B17/00Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
    • A61B17/28Surgical forceps
    • A61B17/29Forceps for use in minimally invasive surgery
    • A61B2017/2926Details of heads or jaws
    • A61B2017/2927Details of heads or jaws the angular position of the head being adjustable with respect to the shaft
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B17/00Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
    • A61B17/28Surgical forceps
    • A61B17/29Forceps for use in minimally invasive surgery
    • A61B2017/2946Locking means

Abstract

本发明公开了一种电外科装置,其包括主体、端部执行器、切割构件和轴。所述端部执行器包括一对钳口和至少一个可操作以将RF能量递送到夹在所述钳口之间的组织的电极。所述切割构件可操作以切割夹在所述钳口之间的组织。所述轴包括可操作以有选择地相对于所述轴铰接所述端部执行器的铰接部分。所述主体包括可操作以有选择地致动所述铰接部分的控制器。所述控制器可包括还驱动所述切割构件的触发器、还旋转所述轴和端部执行器的转子、楔形枢转构件、可枢转地联接的一对外壳部分或枢转凸轮构件等。释放构件可有选择地将所述铰接部分从所述控制器释放,从而允许弹性偏置以将所述端部执行器返回到与所述轴对齐的位置。

Description

用于铰接外科装置的控制结构
优先权
本专利申请要求在2010年9月24日提交的名称为“ArticulatingSurgical Device”的美国临时专利申请序列号61/386,094的优先权,其公开内容以引用的方式并入本文。
背景技术
多种外科器械包括组织切割元件和将RF能量传输到组织(例如,用于凝结或封闭该组织)的一个或多个元件。此装置的例子为得自EthiconEndo-Surgery,Inc.(Cincinnati,Ohio)的
Figure BDA00002959045200011
组织密封装置。此类装置的另外的例子和相关概念在以下专利中有所公开:2002年12月31日公布的名称为“Electrosurgical Systems and Techniques for Sealing Tissue”的美国专利No.6,500,176,该专利的公开内容以引用方式并入本文;2006年9月26日公布的名称为“Electrosurgical Instrument and Method of Use”的美国专利No.7,112,201,该专利的公开内容以引用方式并入本文;2006年10月24日公布的名称为“Electrosurgical Working End for Controlled EnergyDelivery”的美国专利No.7,125,409,该专利的公开内容以引用方式并入本文;2007年1月30日公布的名称为“Electrosurgical Probe and Method ofUse”的美国专利No.7,169,146,该专利的公开内容以引用方式并入本文;2007年3月6日公布的名称为“Electrosurgical Jaw Structure for ControlledEnergy Delivery”的美国专利No.7,186,253,该专利的公开内容以引用方式并入本文;2007年3月13日公布的名称为“Electrosurgical Instrument”的美国专利No.7,189,233,该专利的公开内容以引用方式并入本文;2007年5月22日公布的名称为“Surgical Sealing Surfaces and Methods of Use”的美国专利No.7,220,951,该专利的公开内容以引用方式并入本文;2007年12月18日公布的名称为“Polymer Compositions Exhibiting a PTC Property andMethods of Fabrication”的美国专利No.7,309,849,该专利的公开内容以引用方式并入本文;2007年12月25日公布的名称为“ElectrosurgicalInstrument and Method of Use”的美国专利No.7,311,709,该专利的公开内容以引用方式并入本文;2008年4月8日公布的名称为“ElectrosurgicalInstrument and Method of Use”的美国专利No.7,354,440,该专利的公开内容以引用方式并入本文;2008年6月3日公布的名称为“ElectrosurgicalInstrument”的美国专利No.7,381,209,该专利的公开内容以引用方式并入本文;2011年4月14日公布的名称为“Surgical Instrument Comprising Firstand Second Drive Systems Actuatable by a Common Trigger Mechanism”的美国公布No.2011/0087218,该公布的公开内容以引用方式并入本文;以及2011年6月2日提交的名称为“Motor Driven Electrosurgical Device withMechanical and Electrical Feedback”的美国专利申请No.13/151,181,该专利申请的公开内容以引用方式并入本文。
另外,多种外科器械包括具有铰接部分的轴,从而为位于该轴铰接部分远侧的端部执行器提供了增强的定位能力。此类装置的例子包括得自Ethicon Endo-Surgery,Inc.(Cincinnati,Ohio)的各种型号的
Figure BDA00002959045200021
内切割器。此类装置的另外的例子和相关概念在以下专利中有所公开:2008年6月3日公布的名称为“Articulating Surgical Stapling InstrumentIncorporating a Two-Piece E-Beam Firing Mechanism”的美国专利No.7,380,696,该专利的公开内容以引用方式并入本文;2008年7月29日公布的名称为“Surgical Stapling and Cutting Device”的美国专利No.7,404,508,该专利的公开内容以引用方式并入本文;2008年11月25日公布的名称为“Surgical Instrument with Articulating Shaft with Rigid Firing Bar Supports”的美国专利No.7,455,208,该专利的公开内容以引用方式并入本文;2009年3月24日公布的名称为“Surgical Instrument Incorporating an ElectricallyActuated Articulation Mechanism”的美国专利No.7,506,790,该专利的公开内容以引用方式并入本文;2009年6月23日公布的名称为“SurgicalStapling Instrument with an Articulating End Effector”的美国专利No.7,549,564,该专利的公开内容以引用方式并入本文;2009年7月14日公布的名称为“Surgical Instrument Incorporating a Fluid Transfer ControlledArticulation Mechanism”的美国专利No.7,559,450,该专利的公开内容以引用方式并入本文;2010年2月2日公布的名称为“Surgical Instrument withGuided Laterally Moving Articulation Member”的美国专利No.7,654,431,该专利的公开内容以引用方式并入本文;2010年8月24日公布的名称为“Surgical Instrument with Laterally Moved Shaft Actuator Coupled to PivotingArticulation Joint”的美国专利No.7,780,054,该专利的公开内容以引用方式并入本文;2010年8月31日公布的名称为“Surgical Instrument withArticulating Shaft with Single Pivot Closure and Double Pivot Frame Ground”的美国专利No.7,784,662,该专利的公开内容以引用方式并入本文;以及2010年9月21日公布的名称为“Surgical Instrument Articulation JointCover”的美国专利No.7,798,386,该专利的公开内容以引用方式并入本文。
尽管已研制和使用了若干医疗装置,但据信在本发明人之前还无人研制出或使用所附权利要求中描述的发明。
附图说明
虽然在说明书之后提供了特别指出和清楚地要求保护本技术的权利要求书,但是据信通过对下面某些实施例的描述并结合附图可以更好地理解本技术,附图中类似的参考标号表示相同元件,其中:
图1示出了示例性电外科医疗装置的侧正视图;
图2示出了处于开口构型的图1装置的端部执行器的透视图;
图3示出了处于开口构型的图1装置的端部执行器的另一个透视图;
图4示出了处于封闭构型且刀片处于远侧位置的图2的端部执行器的剖面端视图;
图5A示出了其中横向枢转触发器处于原始位置的示例性电外科器械的端视图以及器械的处于非铰接位置的端部执行器的平面图;
图5B示出了图5A的电外科器械的端视图和图5A的端部执行器的平面图,其中横向枢转触发器处于第一枢转位置且端部执行器处于第一铰接位置;
图5C示出了图5A的电外科器械的端视图和图5A的端部执行器的平面图,其中横向枢转触发器处于第二枢转位置且端部执行器处于第二铰接位置;
图6示出了另一个示例性电外科器械的铰接部分和端部执行器的局部透视图;
图7示出了图6的铰接部分的透视剖面图;
图8示出了铰接控制结构和延伸到图6的端部执行器的击发横梁的透视图;
图9示出了图8的铰接控制结构的近侧部分的透视图,其中省略了凸轮结构;
图10示出了图9的近侧部分的透视图,其中包括凸轮结构;
图11示出了图10的近侧部分和凸轮结构的透视图,其中包括半个驱动螺母;
图12示出了图11的那半个驱动螺母的侧正视图;
图13A示出了设置在手柄中的图11的铰接控制结构的局部透视图,其中转子位于远侧位置;
图13B示出了图13A的部件的局部透视图,其中转子位于近侧位置;
图14A示出了图13A的部件的另一个局部透视图,其中转子以部分截面图示出并处于远侧位置;
图14B示出了图13A的部件的另一个局部透视图,其中转子以部分截面图示出并处于近侧位置;
图15示出了图13A的转子的一半的透视图;
图16示出了另一个示例性电外科器械的透视图;
图17示出了图16器械的铰接控制部件的下侧的局部透视图;
图18示出了图17的铰接控制部件的下侧的平面图;
图19示出了沿图16的线19-19截取的图17的铰接控制部件的局部剖视图;
图20示出了另一个电外科器械的局部剖视图,其示出了示例性的可供选择的铰接控制部件;
图21示出了图20的铰接控制部件的线轴组件的正视图;
图22示出了另一个电外科器械的局部剖视图,其示出了另一组示例性的可供选择的铰接控制部件;
图23示出了另一个电外科器械的局部透视图,其示出了用于铰接控制结构的示例性可供选择的定位;
图24示出了另一个电外科器械的局部剖视图,其示出了另一组示例性的可供选择的铰接控制部件;
图25示出了另一个电外科器械的局部剖视图,其示出了另一组示例性的可供选择的铰接控制部件;
图26示出了另一个示例性电外科器械的透视图,其具有可旋转的手枪式握把;
图27示出了另一个示例性电外科器械的侧正视图,其具有枢转的顶部;
图28A示出了图27的器械的俯视平面图,其中顶部处于原始位置并且端部执行器处于原始位置;
图28B示出了图27的器械的俯视平面图,其中顶部处于枢转位置并且端部执行器处于铰接位置;
图29示出了另一个示例性电外科器械的侧正视图,其具有枢转的远侧部分;
图30示出了图29的器械的俯视平面图,其中远侧部分处于枢转位置;
图31示出了另一个示例性电外科器械的局部透视图,其具有离合铰接控件;
图32示出了沿图31的线32-32截取的图31的器械的铰接控制部件的剖视图;
图33示出了图31的器械的铰接部件的局部透视图;
图34A示出了处于接合构型的图33的铰接部件的离合结构的剖面端视图和放大视图;
图34B示出了处于脱离构型的图34A的离合结构的剖面端视图和放大视图;
图35示出了另一个示例性电外科器械的局部透视图,其具有示例性可供选择的离合铰接控件;
图36示出了另一个示例性电外科器械的侧正视图,其具有多模式触发器;
图37示出了另一个示例性电外科器械的侧正视图,其具有铰接触发器;
图38示出了图37的器械的透视图,其中触发器枢转以使端部执行器发生铰接;
图39示出了另一个示例性电外科器械的透视图,其具有铰接控制凸轮;
图40示出了图39的器械的铰接控制部件的局部透视图;
图41示出了图39的铰接控制凸轮的俯视平面图;
图42示出了图39的铰接控制凸轮的透视图;并且
图43示出了与其他铰接控制部件接合的图39的铰接控制凸轮的透视图。
附图并非意在以任何方式进行限制,并且可以预期本技术的各种实施例能够以多种其他方式来执行,包括那些未必在附图中示出的方式。附图并入本说明书中并构成其一部分,示出了本技术的若干方面,并与具体实施方式一起用于说明本技术的原理;然而,应当理解,本技术不限于所示出的明确布置方式。
具体实施方式
本技术的某些例子的下述描述不应用于限制其范围。通过以下举例说明设想用于实施本技术的最佳方式中的一个的描述,本技术的其他例子、特征、方面、实施例和优点对于本领域技术人员将变得显而易见。应当认识到,本文所述的技术包括不脱离本技术的所有其他的不同和明显方面。因此,附图和具体实施方式应被视为实质上是示例性的,而非限制性的。
另外应当理解,本文所述的教导内容、表达方式、实施例、例子等中的任何一个或多个可与本文所述的其他教导内容、表达方式、实施例、例子等中的任何一个或多个相结合。因此下述教导内容、表达方式、实施例、例子等不应视为彼此隔离。根据本文的教导内容,其中本文的教导内容可结合的各种合适方式对于本领域普通技术人员将是显而易见的。这种修改形式和变化形式旨在包括在权利要求书的范围之内。
I.具有铰接结构的示例性电外科装置
图1-4示出了示例性电外科器械10,该电外科器械根据美国专利No.6,500,176、美国专利No.7,112,201、美国专利No.7,125,409、美国专利No.7,169,146、美国专利No.7,186,253、美国专利No.7,189,233、美国专利No.7,220,951、美国专利No.7,309,849、美国专利No.7,311,709、美国专利No.7,354,440、美国专利No.7,381,209、美国公布No.2011/0087218和/或美国专利申请No.13/151,181的教导内容中的至少一些进行构造和操作。如在此所述和将在下文中更详细所述,电外科器械10可被操作用于基本上同时切割组织和封闭或焊接组织(如,血管等)。换句话讲,电外科器械10以类似于内切割器型缝合器的方式运作,不同的是电外科器械10通过应用双极RF能量来提供组织焊接而非提供缝钉线来连接组织。也应当理解,电外科器械10可以与得自Ethicon Endo-Surgery,Inc.(Cincinnati,Ohio)的
Figure BDA00002959045200071
组织密封装置具有多种结构和功能相似性。此外,电外科器械10可以与本文引用和以引用方式并入本文的其他参考文献中的任一者所教导的装置具有多种结构和功能相似性。就本文所引用的参考文献的教导内容、得自Ethicon Endo-Surgery,Inc.(Cincinnati,Ohio)的
Figure BDA00002959045200072
组织密封装置以及与电外科器械10相关的下述教导内容之间存在一定程度的重叠而言,无意将本文的任一描述假定为公认的现有技术。下文的若干教导内容实际上将超出本文所引用的参考文献的教导内容和得自Ethicon Endo-Surgery,Inc.(Cincinnati,Ohio)的
Figure BDA00002959045200073
组织密封装置的范围。
A.示例性手持件和轴
本例的电外科器械10包括手持件20、从手持件20向远侧延伸的轴30和设置在轴30的远端处的端部执行器40。本例的手持件20包括手枪式握把22、枢转触发器24、激活按钮26和铰接控件28。触发器24可朝着和远离手枪式握把22枢转以有选择地致动端部执行器40,如将在下文中更详细地描述。激活按钮26可操作以有选择地激活与端部执行器40连通的RF电路,如也将在下文中更详细地描述。在一些形式中,激活按钮26还充当针对触发器24的机械锁定件,使得除非同时按下按钮26否则触发器24不能够被充分致动。可如何提供此类锁定的例子在本文所引用的一个或多个参考文献中有所公开。应当理解,可以任何合适的方式对手枪式握把22、触发器24和按钮26进行改进、取代、补充等,并且本文中对此类部件的说明仅为示例性的。本例的铰接控件28可操作以有选择地控制轴30的铰接部分36,这将在下文中更详细地描述。铰接控件28可采用的形式的多种例子也将在下文中更详细地描述,然而考虑到本文的教导内容,另外的例子对本领域的普通技术人员将是显而易见的。
本例的轴30包括外护套32和铰接部分36。铰接部分36可操作以以相对于由外护套32限定的纵向轴线的多种角度有选择地定位端部执行器40。铰接部分36和轴30的其他部件可采用的形式的多种例子将在下文中更详细地描述,然而考虑到本文的教导内容,其他例子对本领域的普通技术人员将是显而易见的。例如,应当理解,可操作以致动铰接部分36的多种部件可延伸穿过外护套32的内部。在一些形式中,轴30也可通过旋钮34相对于手持件20围绕由外护套32限定的纵向轴线旋转。此类旋转可提供端部执行器40和轴30的整体旋转。在一些其他形式中,旋钮34可操作以在不旋转位于铰接部分36近侧的轴30的任何部分的情况下旋转端部执行器40。作为另一个仅为示例性的例子,电外科器械10可包括提供作为单一单元的轴30和端部执行器40的可旋转性的一个旋转控件;和另一个旋转控件,其在不旋转位于铰接部分36近侧的轴30的任何部分的情况下提供端部执行器40的可旋转性。考虑到本文的教导内容,其他合适的旋转方案对于本领域的普通技术人员将是显而易见的。当然,如果需要,可以完全省去可旋转结构。
B.示例性端部执行器
本例的端部执行器40包括第一钳口42和第二钳口44。在本例中,第二钳口44基本上相对于轴30固定;而第一钳口42相对于轴30朝着和远离第二钳口42枢转。在一些形式中,诸如杆或缆线等的致动器可延伸穿过外护套32并在枢转联接件43与第一钳口42接合,使得致动器杆/缆线等通过轴30的纵向移动提供第一钳口42相对于轴30和相对于第二钳口44的枢转。当然,钳口42,44可以相反具有任何其他合适的移动种类并且可以以任何其他合适的方式致动。仅以举例的方式并如将在下文中更详细地描述,钳口42,44可被致动并因此通过击发横梁60的纵向平移而闭合,使得在一些形式中可以完全消除致动器杆/缆线等。
如在图2-4中最佳所见,第一钳口42限定纵向延伸的细长狭槽46;而第二钳口44也限定纵向延伸的细长狭槽48。另外,第一钳口42的顶侧呈现第一电极表面50;而第二钳口44的下侧呈现第二电极表面52。电极表面50,52通过沿轴30的长度延伸的一个或多个导体(未示出)与电源80连通。电源80可操作以将第一极性的RF能量递送至第一电极表面50并且将第二(相反)极性的RF能量递送至第二电极表面52,使得RF电流在电极表面50,52之间流动并因此流经捕集在钳口42,44之间的组织。在一些形式中,击发横梁60用作与电极表面50,52配合的电导体(如,作为地回路),以便递送在钳口42,44之间捕集的双极性RF能量。电源80可以位于电外科器械10的外部或可与电外科器械10集成在一起(如,位于手持件20中等),如在本文所引用的一个或多个参考文献或其他文献中所述。控制器82调节从电源80到电极表面50,52的电力递送。控制器82也可位于电外科器械10的外部或可与电外科器械10集成在一起(如,位于手持件20中等),如在本文所引用的一个或多个参考文献或其他文献中所述。也应当理解,电极表面50,52可以多种可供选择的位置、构型和关系提供。
如在图4中最佳所见,第一钳口42的下侧包括邻近狭槽46的纵向延伸的凹槽58;而第二钳口44的上侧包括邻近狭槽48的纵向延伸的凹槽58。图2示出了包括多个锯齿构造46的第一钳口42的上侧。应当理解,第二钳口44的下侧可包括与锯齿构造46嵌套的互补锯齿构造,用于增强对捕集在钳口42,44之间的组织的夹持而不必撕裂组织。图3示出了位于第一钳口42中主要作为凹槽的锯齿构造46的例子;以及位于第二钳口44中主要作为凸起的锯齿构造48。当然,锯齿构造46,48可采用任何其他合适的形式或可全部一起省掉。也应当理解,锯齿构造46,48可由非导电或绝缘的材料(诸如塑料、玻璃和/或陶瓷)制成,并且可包括诸如聚四氟乙烯、润滑剂的处理或某些其他处理以基本上防止组织粘附到钳口42,44上。
当钳口42,44处于关闭位置时,轴30和端部执行器40的尺寸和构造适用于贴合穿过具有多种内径的套管针,使得电外科器械10可用于微创外科手术中,然而如果需要,电外科器械10当然也可用于开放式手术中。仅以举例的方式,当钳口42,44处于关闭位置时,轴30和端部执行器40可呈现的外径为大约5mm。作为另外一种选择,轴30和端部执行器40可呈现任何其他合适的外径(如,介于大约2mm和大约20mm之间等)。
作为另一个仅为示例性的变型形式,钳口42,44中的任一者或钳口42,44两者可以包括至少一个口、通道、管道和/或可操作以从手术部位吸走蒸汽、烟雾和/或其他气体/蒸汽/等的其他结构。此结构可与抽吸源(诸如外部源或位于手持件20内的源等)连通。另外,端部执行器40可包括一个或多个组织冷却结构(未示出),当电极表面50,52激活时,该组织冷却结构降低端部执行器40在邻近组织上产生的散热的程度或范围。根据本文的教导内容,此类冷却结构可采用的多种合适的形式对于本领域的普通技术人员将是显而易见的。
在一些形式中,端部执行器40包括被构造为感测在端部执行器40处的多种参数的一个或多个传感器(未示出),所述参数包括但不限于邻近组织的温度、邻近组织的电阻或阻抗、邻近组织两端的电压、邻近组织施加在钳口42,44上的力等。仅以举例的方式,端部执行器40可以包括邻近电极50,52设置和/或在别处的一个或多个正温度系数(PTC)热敏电阻体54,56(如,PTC聚合物等)。来自传感器的数据可传送到控制器82。控制器82可以多种方式处理此类数据。仅以举例的方式,控制器82可至少部分地基于在端部执行器40处由一个或多个传感器获得的数据调节或换句话讲改变递送至电极表面50,52的RF能量。除此之外或作为可供替代的选择,控制器82可至少部分地基于在端部执行器40处由一个或多个传感器获得的数据通过声音和/或视觉反馈装置(如,扬声器、灯、显示屏等)警告使用者注意一种或多种情况。还应当理解,一些类型的传感器并不一定与控制器82连通,并且可仅在端部执行器40处提供纯粹局部的效果。例如,当组织和/或端部执行器40的温度上升时,端部执行器40处的PTC热敏电阻体54,56可自动减少电极表面50,52处的能量递送,从而降低过热的可能性。在一些此类形式中,PTC热敏电阻元件与电源80和电极表面50,52串联;并且PTC热敏电阻响应于超过阈值的温度提供增大的阻抗(减少电流流量)。此外,应当理解,电极表面50,52可用作传感器(如,用于感测组织阻抗等)。根据本文的教导内容,可整合到电外科器械10中的多种类型的传感器对于本领域的普通技术人员将是显而易见的。相似地,根据本文的教导内容,可通过控制器82或其他部件利用来自传感器的数据进行的多种功能对本领域的普通技术人员将是显而易见的。根据本文的教导内容,用于端部执行器40的其他合适变型形式对于本领域的普通技术人员将是显而易见的。
C.示例性击发横梁
如在图2-4中所见,本例的电外科器械10包括可沿端部执行器40的部分长度纵向移动的击发横梁60。击发横梁60同轴定位在轴30内、沿轴30的长度延伸并且在轴30(在本例中包括铰接部分36)内纵向平移,然而应当理解击发横梁60和轴30可具有任何其他合适的关系。击发横梁60包括锋利的远侧刀片64、上凸缘62和下凸缘66。如在图4中最佳所见,远侧刀片64延伸穿过钳口42,44的狭槽46,48,同时上凸缘62在凹槽59中位于钳口44上方,下凸缘66在凹槽58中位于钳口42下方。远侧刀片64和凸缘62,66的构型在击发横梁60的远端处提供了“工字梁”类型的横截面。虽然在本例中凸缘62,66仅沿击发横梁60的一小部分长度纵向延伸,但是应当理解,凸缘62,66可沿击发横梁60的任何合适的长度纵向延伸。另外,虽然凸缘62,66沿钳口42,44的外部设置,但是凸缘62,66可以有选择地设置在钳口42,44内形成的相应狭槽中。例如,每个钳口42,44可限定“T”形狭槽,其中远侧刀片64的一部分设置在每个“T”形狭槽的一个垂直部分中并且凸缘62,66设置在“T”形狭槽的水平部分中。根据本文的教导内容,多种其他合适的构型和关系对于本领域的普通技术人员将是显而易见的。
远侧刀片64基本上是锋利的,使得远侧刀片将轻易地切断捕集在钳口42,44之间的组织。在本例中远侧刀片64还是电接地的,从而为RF能量提供回流通路,如本文其他地方所述。在一些其他形式中,远侧刀片64充当有源电极。除此之外或作为可供替代的选择,远侧刀片64可以用超声能量(如,大约55.5kHz的谐和振动等)有选择地供能。
当击发横梁60向远侧推进时,击发横梁60的“工字梁”型构型提供了钳口42,44的闭合。具体地讲,当击发横梁60从近侧位置(图1-3)向远侧位置(图4)推进时,凸缘62通过倚靠在钳口44中形成的凹槽59而促使钳口44朝钳口42枢转。在远侧刀片64抵达捕集在钳口42,44之间的组织之前,可出现击发横梁60对钳口42,44的该闭合作用。击发横梁60遇到的此类阶段可减少挤压握把24以致动击发横梁60通过整个击发冲程所需的力。换句话讲,在一些此类形式中,击发横梁60在遇到由捕集在钳口42,44之间的组织施加的阻力之前可能已经克服了基本上闭合组织上的钳口42,44所需的初始阻力。当然,可以提供任何其他合适的阶段。
在本例中,凸缘62被构造为通过凸轮抵靠位于钳口44近端处的滑道结构以在当击发横梁60缩回到近侧位置时打开钳口42并且在当击发横梁60保持在近侧位置时使钳口42保持打开。该凸轮性能可有利于使用端部执行器40通过迫使钳口42,44离开关闭位置而分离组织层以进行钝性分离等。在一些其他形式中,钳口42,44通过弹簧或其他类型的弹性部件被弹性地偏置到打开位置。虽然在本例中当击发横梁60平移时钳口42,44闭合或打开,但是应当理解,其他形式可提供钳口42,44和击发横梁60的独立运动。仅以举例的方式,一根或多根缆线、杆、横梁或其他结构可延伸穿过轴30以独立于击发横梁60有选择地致动钳口42,44。此类钳口42,44致动结构可通过专用的手持件20结构进行单独控制。作为另外一种选择,此类钳口致动结构可由除具有触发器24控制击发横梁60之外的触发器24控制。还应当理解,击发横梁60可被弹性地偏置到近侧位置,使得当使用者松开对触发器24的抓持时击发横梁60向近侧缩回。
D.示例性操作
在示例性使用中,端部执行器40通过套管针插入患者体内。当端部执行器40和部分轴30通过套管针插入时,铰接部分36是基本上直的。然后可操纵铰接控件28以枢转或挠曲轴30的铰接部分36,以便将端部执行器40定位在相对于患者体内的解剖结构的所需位置和方向处。然后,通过朝手枪式握把22挤压触发器24而将解剖结构的两层组织捕集在钳口42,44之间。此类组织层可以是限定患者体内的解剖结构(如,血管、部分胃肠道、部分生殖系统等)的同一个自然腔体的一部分。例如,一个组织层可以包括血管的顶部,而另一个组织层可包括沿血管同一长度区域的血管的底部(如,使得在使用电外科器械10之前穿过血管的流体通道与由端部执行器40限定的纵向轴线垂直等等)。换句话讲,钳口42,44的长度可垂直于(或至少大致横向于)血管的长度取向。如上所述,当通过朝手枪式握把22挤压触发器24而向远侧致动击发横梁60时,凸缘62,66以凸轮方式将钳口42朝钳口44枢转。
当组织层捕集在钳口42,44之间时,通过使用者朝手枪式握把22挤压触发器24,击发横梁60继续向远侧推进。当击发横梁60向远侧推进时,远侧刀片64同时切断被夹持的组织层,导致分离的上层部分并列于相应的分离的下层部分。在一些形式中,这导致血管沿大致横向于血管长度的方向被切割。应当理解,分别存在于钳口42,44正上方和正下方的凸缘62,66可有助于将钳口42,44保持在闭合和紧密夹持的位置。具体地讲,凸缘62,66可有助于在钳口42,44之间保持显著的压缩力。当切断的组织层部分压缩在钳口42,44之间时,电极表面50,52通过使用者按压激活按钮26而由双极性RF能量激活。在一些形式中,电极50,52有选择地与电源80联接(如,通过使用者按压按钮26等),使得钳口42,44的电极表面50,52通常由第一极性激活,而击发横梁60由与第一极性相反的第二极性激活。因此,双极性的RF电流在击发横梁60和钳口42,44的电极表面50,52之间流经切断的组织层部分的压缩区域。在一些其他形式中,电极表面50具有一种极性而电极表面52和击发横梁60均具有另一种极性。在任一形式(除至少一些其他形式之外)中,由电源80递送的双极性RF能量最终将组织层部分一起热焊接在击发横梁60的一个侧面上并将组织层部分一起热焊接在击发横梁60的另一个侧面上。
在某些情况下,由激活的电极表面50,52生成的热量可使组织层部分内的胶原变性,并且配合由钳口42,44提供的夹持压力,该变性的胶原可在组织层部分内形成密封。因此,限定自然腔体的解剖结构的切断的端部以止血方式密封关闭,使得切断的端部将不渗漏体液。在一些形式中,在击发横梁60甚至开始向远侧平移并因此甚至在组织被切断之前,电极表面50,52可通过双极性RF能量激活。例如,可在如下形式中提供此类定时:其中按钮26除了用作电源80和电极表面50,52之间的开关之外还充当相对于触发器24的机械锁定件。
虽然将以下的若干教导内容描述为电外科器械10的变型形式,但是应当理解,下文的多种教导内容也可并入多种其他类型的装置中。仅以举例的方式,除了很容易并入电外科器械10之外,下文的多种教导内容可容易地并入除多种其他装置之外的本文所引用的任何参考文献中所教导的装置、其他类型的电外科装置、外科缝合器、外科施夹器和组织抓持器中。根据本文的教导内容,以下教导内容可并入的其他合适的装置对于本领域的普通技术人员将是显而易见的。
II.示例性铰接接头构型
轴30的铰接部分36可采用多种形式。仅以举例的方式,铰接部分36可根据与本文同一天提交的名称为“Articulation Joint Features forArticulating Surgical Device”的美国专利申请No.[代理人案卷号END6889USNP]的一个或多个教导内容进行构造,该专利申请的公开内容以引用方式并入本文。作为另一个仅为示例性的例子,铰接部分36可根据与本文同一天提交的名称为“Articulation Joint Features for ArticulatingSurgical Device”的美国专利申请No.[代理人案卷号END6889USNP1]的一个或多个教导内容进行构造,该专利申请的公开内容以引用方式并入本文。此外,可根据本文所引用的至少一个其他参考文献的教导内容构造铰接部分。根据本文的教导内容,铰接部分36可采用的多种其他合适的形式对于本领域普通技术人员将是显而易见的。
III.示例性铰接控件构型
如上所述,一些形式的手持件20包括铰接控件28,该铰接控件可操作以控制轴30的铰接部分36从而有选择地以相对于由外护套32限定的纵向轴线的多种角度定位端部执行器40。铰接控件28和手持件20的其他部件可采用的形式的若干例子将在下文中更详细地描述,然而考虑到本文的教导内容,另外的例子对本领域的普通技术人员而言将是显而易见的。仅以举例的方式,铰接控件28的一些仅为示例性的可供选择的例子公开在与本文同一天提交的名称为“Control Features for Articulating Surgical Device”的美国专利申请No.[代理人案卷号END6888USNP]中,该专利申请的公开内容以引用方式并入本文。
A.具有横向枢转触发器的示例性铰接控件
图5A-5C示出了示例性电外科器械100,该电外科器械100包括手持件120、从手持件120向远侧延伸的轴130和设置在轴130的远端处的端部执行器140。本例的手持件120包括手枪式握把122、触发器124和激活按钮126。触发器124可朝着和远离手枪式握把122枢转以有选择地致动端部执行器140,如上所述和如在本文所引用的一个或多个参考文献中所述。激活按钮126可操作以有选择地激活与端部执行器140连通的RF电路,也如上所述和如在本文所引用的一个或多个参考文献中所述。在一些形式中,激活按钮126还充当针对触发器124的机械锁定件,使得除非同时按下按钮126否则触发器124不能够被充分致动。可如何提供此类锁定的例子在本文所引用的一个或多个参考文献中有所公开。应当理解,可以任何合适的方式对手枪式握把122、触发器124和按钮126进行改进、取代、补充等,并且本文中对此类部件的说明仅为示例性的。本例的触发器124也可操作以有选择地控制轴130的铰接接头136,如将在下文中更详细地描述。
本例的轴130包括将端部执行器140可枢转地与轴130联接的铰接接头136。本例的铰接接头136可操作以以相对于由轴130限定的纵向轴线的多种角度有选择地定位端部执行器140。铰接接头136和轴130的其他部件可采用的形式的多种例子在本文所引用的多种参考文献中有所描述,然而考虑到本文的教导内容,其他例子对本领域的普通技术人员将是显而易见的。相似地,端部执行器140可根据上述的端部执行器40、根据本文所引用的多种参考文献的教导内容和/或根据本文的教导内容以对于本领域的普通技术人员而言将显而易见的任何其他合适的方式进行构造。
在一些形式中,轴130也可通过旋钮134相对于手持件120围绕由轴130限定的纵向轴线旋转。此类旋转可提供端部执行器140和轴130的整体旋转。在一些其他形式中,旋钮134可操作以在不旋转位于铰接接头136近侧的轴130的任何部分的情况下旋转端部执行器140。作为另一个仅为示例性的例子,电外科器械100可包括提供作为单一单元的轴130和端部执行器140的可旋转性的一个旋转控件;和另一个旋转控件,其在不旋转位于铰接接头136近侧的轴130的任何部分的情况下提供端部执行器140的可旋转性。考虑到本文的教导内容,其他合适的旋转方案对于本领域的普通技术人员将是显而易见的。当然,如果需要,可以完全省去可旋转结构。在提供轴130和/或端部执行器140的旋转的任何形式的装置中,旋转旋钮134和/或轴130和/或端部执行器140可包括有利于对旋转位置进行视觉识别的一个或多个标记。例如,使用者可将旋转旋钮134上的标记与轴130和/或端部执行器140上的相应标记相关联,以更好地明白此类部件相对于患者和器械100的取向。
如上所述,触发器124可操作以有选择地使端部执行器140发生铰接。具体地讲,触发器124与端部执行器140联接使得绕垂直轴线(诸如由手枪式握把122限定的垂直轴线)横向枢转触发器124将会在铰接接头136处枢转端部执行器140。此类操作在一系列图5A-5C中示出,其中触发器124绕垂直轴线枢转以促使端部执行器140在接头136处枢转。因此,应当理解,触发器124可有选择地朝着和远离垂直轴线(诸如由手枪式握把122限定的垂直轴线)枢转(以致动端部执行器140);并且还可有选择地围绕垂直轴线(诸如由手枪式握把122限定的垂直轴线)枢转(以使端部执行器140发生铰接)。
存在多种方式可以将触发器124与端部执行器140联接以便提供响应于触发器124围绕垂直轴线的枢转的端部执行器140在接头136处的枢转。例如,一对细长构件(未示出)可从与触发器124相关的手持件120的部件延伸出来,穿过轴130并抵达端部执行器140。此类细长构件可以朝相反方向平移,使得当一个细长构件向远侧推进而另一个细长构件向近侧缩回时端部执行器140在接头136处枢转。除此之外或作为可供替代的选择,介于触发器124和端部执行器140之间的铰接联接可包括一个或多个棘轮结构,使得使用者反复地横向枢转触发器124以便使端部执行器140发生渐进铰接。在一些此类形式中,触发器124被弹性地偏置以呈现图5A中所示的原始位置,使得使用者可简单地推动和释放触发器124若干次以便采用棘轮运动的方式使端部执行器140发生铰接。可包括释放结构以将端部执行器140弹性地偏置到图5A中所示的原始位置,并且当使用者想要矫直端部执行器140时,可激活(如,通过按钮等)该释放结构以将端部执行器140从触发器124释放。还应当理解,端部执行器140可在接头136处沿与触发器124围绕垂直轴线枢转的方向相同的方向枢转;或端部执行器140可在接头136处沿相反方向枢转。根据本文的教导内容,触发器124可与端部执行器140联接以便进行铰接的其他合适的方式对于本领域的普通技术人员将是显而易见的。
在一些形式中,触发器124可仅在当触发器124远离手枪式握把122枢转时围绕垂直轴线枢转,使得一旦使用者开始朝手枪式握把122挤压触发器124,触发器124可能不会围绕垂直轴线枢转。考虑到本文的教导内容,可进行此类操作的多种合适的方式对于本领域的普通技术人员将是显而易见的。作为另一个仅为示例性的变型形式,模式开关或其他结构可以有选择地使触发器124能够要么朝着和远离手枪式握把122枢转、要么围绕垂直轴线枢转,但这两者不能同时发生。根据本文的教导内容,用于电外科器械100的其他合适的部件、结构、构型和可操作性对于本领域的普通技术人员将显而易见。
B.具有相对的凸轮套管的示例性铰接控件
图6-15示出了可用于提供端部执行器240在轴230的铰接部分236处的铰接的部件的另外的例子。在该例子中,轴230从手持件220延伸并且包括外护套232。在该例子中,铰接部分236形成为外护套232中的螺旋状切口,但应当理解,铰接部分236可替而根据本文的任何其他教导内容和/或本文所引用的任何合适的参考文献的教导内容进行构造。相似地,虽然手持件220仅有一部分示出在图13A-14B中,但应当理解,手持件220可根据本文任何合适的教导内容和/或本文所引用的任何合适的参考文献的教导内容进行构造。在本例中,一对细长的铰接构件250,252延伸穿过外护套232并且可在外护套232中平移。如将在下文中更详细地描述,铰接构件250,252可操作以朝相反的方向平移以有选择地远离或朝着由轴230限定的纵向轴线弯曲铰接部分236。
如在图7-8中最佳所见,一对横梁254,256在击发杆206的旁边延伸穿过铰接部分236。击发杆206在功能上相当于上述的击发杆60。因此,应当理解,击发杆206可在轴230内平移并穿过铰接部分236以致动端部执行器240。在本例中,横梁254,256牢固地固定在铰接部分236中,使得横梁254,256随铰接部分236一起弯曲并使得击发杆206相对于横梁254,256平移。尤其是当铰接部分236为直的构型时,横梁254,256为铰接部分236提供结构支撑;然而横梁254,256不为铰接部分236的弯曲提供过度的阻力以便进行铰接。尤其当击发杆206在负载下向远侧推进而铰接部分236和击发杆206处于弯曲构型时,横梁254,256还为击发杆206提供侧向支撑以防止击发杆206在铰接部分236内屈曲或爆裂。当然,可使用任何其他合适的结构或构型。
如还能够在图7中所见,线251延伸穿过铰接部分236。线251还延伸穿过轴230的剩余部分并且提供端部执行器240和电源之间的电气连通。线251是柔性的,使得线251随铰接部分236一起弯曲。
如图9所示,外护套232包括开口238以显露铰接构件250的近侧部分。虽然未示出,但是外护套232的直径上对置侧包括类似的开口以显露铰接构件252的近侧部分。如图8和图10-11中所示,第一凸轮构件260通过开口238牢固地固定到第一铰接构件250;而第二凸轮构件262通过另一开口牢固地固定到第二铰接构件252。凸轮构件260包括远侧突出264和近侧突出268。虽然未示出,但凸轮构件262包括类似的突出。这两个凸轮构件260,262可操作以相对于外护套232和相对于彼此纵向平移。具体地讲,并且如在下文中更详细地描述,凸轮构件260,262沿相反的纵向方向平移,以沿相对于外护套232的相反的纵向方向平移铰接构件250,252,从而有选择地弯曲铰接部分236。虽然凸轮构件260,262可通过相对于外护套232的一系列运动而平移,但是在本例中凸轮构件260,262将与外护套232一体旋转。
如图11-12中所示,凸轮螺母270围绕凸轮构件260,262并围绕外护套232同轴设置。凸轮螺母270限定中空内部空间272以容纳凸轮构件260,262,并且包括远侧凸轮表面274和近侧凸轮表面276。凸轮表面274,276彼此平行并且相对于外护套232的纵向轴线倾斜。凸轮表面274,276被设置为与凸轮构件260,262的突出264,268保持接触。凸轮螺母270可绕外护套232旋转但是不会相对于外护套232发生平移。应当理解,当凸轮螺母270相对于凸轮构件260,262旋转时或反之亦然,凸轮表面274,276将倚靠凸轮构件260,262的突起264,268从而朝相反的方向纵向驱动凸轮构件260,262。凸轮构件260,262的此类驱动将沿在纵向上相反的方向相应地驱动铰接构件250,252。例如,朝相对于凸轮构件260,262的一个方向旋转凸轮螺母270使得同时发生铰接构件250向远侧的平移与铰接构件252向近侧的平移。朝相对于凸轮构件260,262的相反方向旋转凸轮螺母270使得同时发生铰接构件250向近侧的平移与铰接构件252向远侧的平移。还应当理解,铰接构件250,252的此类相反平移导致铰接部分236的弯曲。根据本文的教导内容,部件如何提供凸轮螺母270和凸轮构件260,262之间的相对旋转的例子将在下文中更详细地描述,而其他例子对于本领域的普通技术人员将是显而易见的。
如图13A-13B中所示,锁环296围绕凸轮螺母270的近侧部分271同轴设置。锁环296可相对于凸轮螺母270平移。虽然凸轮螺母270可在锁环296内旋转,但是手持件220的结构向外接合锁环296的凸块298,从而防止锁环296相对于手持件220旋转。如在图13B中最佳所见,锁环296包括一组向近侧突出的内部花键297。
也如在图13A-13B中所示,远侧轴锁定件290定位在凸轮螺母270远侧,而近侧轴锁定件292定位在凸轮螺母270近侧。远侧轴锁定件290牢固地固定到外护套232的远侧凹口237,其示出在图9-11中。近侧轴锁定件292牢固地固定到外护套232的近侧凹口239,其也示出在图9-11中。因此,轴锁定件290,292均相对于外护套232固定。远侧轴锁定件290包括一组向近侧突出的外部花键294。近侧轴锁定件292包括一组向远侧突出的外部花键294。近侧轴锁定件292的外部花键294被构造为与锁环298的内部花键297有选择地啮合和锁定,如将在下文中更详细地描述。还应当理解,将轴锁定件290,292的固定间距设定为使得轴锁定件290,292防止凸轮螺母270相对于外护套232平移。此外,虽然在本例中轴锁定件290,292和凸轮螺母270可以有选择地在手持件220内旋转,但是手持件220的结构被构造为防止轴锁定件290,292和凸轮螺母270相对于手持件220平移。
如图13A-14B中所示,转子280固定在手持件220的远端处。转子280可相对于手持件220旋转,并且可相对于手持件220在远侧位置(图13A和14A)和近侧位置(图13B和14B)之间平移。如在图15中最佳所见,转子280包括一对环形的成角凹槽282和环形的方形凹槽286。凹槽282被构造为有选择地接合手持件220的弹性棘爪结构222,从而基本上保持转子280相对于手持件220的纵向位置。凹槽286容纳锁环296的凸块298。凹槽286的尺寸被设定成允许转子280相对于锁环296自由地旋转。然而,凹槽286和凸块298之间的关系将促使锁环296与转子280一起纵向平移。如将在下文中更详细地描述,当转子280移动至近侧位置(图13B和14B)时,转子280驱使锁环296的内部花键297与轴锁定件292的外部花键294接合。当转子280移动至远侧位置(图13A和14A)时,转子280驱使锁环296的内部花键297与轴锁定件292的外部花键294脱离接合。
转子280还包括一组从架子285延伸的向远侧取向的内部花键284。架子285安置在形成于凸轮螺母270中的相应凹槽278内。架子285和凹槽278被构造为使得不论转子280是位于远侧位置(图13A和14A)还是位于近侧位置(图13B和14B),架子285均保持接合在凹槽278中。此外,架子285和凹槽278被构造为使得它们的接合提供转子280和凸轮螺母270的一体旋转。换句话讲,不论转子280是位于远侧位置(图13A和14A)还是位于近侧位置(图13B和14B),凸轮螺母270均将与转子280一起旋转。
当转子280相对于手持件220旋转时,根据转子280相对于手持件220的纵向位置,本例的转子280可操作以有选择地旋转轴230或弯曲铰接部分236以使端部执行器240发生铰接。具体地讲,当转子280在如图13A和14A所示的远侧位置旋转时,转子280可操作以在不弯曲铰接部分236的情况下相对于手持件220旋转轴230。当转子280在如图13B和14B所示的近侧位置旋转时,转子280可操作以在不相对于手持件220旋转轴230的情况下弯曲铰接部分236。
如图13A和14A中所示,当转子280位于远侧位置时,转子280的内部花键284与轴锁定件290的外部花键294接合。另外,当转子280位于远侧位置时,锁环296位于远侧位置,使得锁环296的内部花键297与轴锁定件292的外部花键294脱离。因此,锁环296不会防止轴锁定件292或外护套232相对于手持件220旋转。在花键284,294接合并且轴锁定件292相对于手持件220自由旋转的情况下,转子280的旋转将促使外护套232和端部执行器240相对于手持件220转动。另外,因为架子285设置在凸轮螺母270的凹槽278中,所以转子280的转动也将促使凸轮螺母270转动。因此当转子280位于远侧位置时,凸轮螺母270和外护套232与转子280一起旋转。由于凸轮构件260,262和外护套232之间的关系,凸轮构件260,262和铰接构件250也与外护套232(以及凸轮螺母270)一起旋转。因为当转子280位于远侧位置时凸轮螺母270和凸轮构件260,262一起旋转,所以当转子280在远侧位置旋转时,铰接部分236将不弯曲。因此,当转子280位于远侧位置时,转子280可用于在不引起铰接部分236弯曲的情况下旋转整个轴230和端部执行器240。应当理解,此类旋转可跨越至少360°的角度范围。
如图13B和14B中所示,当转子280位于近侧位置时,转子280的内部花键284与轴锁定件290的外部花键294脱离。另外,当转子280位于近侧位置时,锁环296位于近侧位置,使得锁环296的内部花键297与轴锁定件292的外部花键294接合。因此,锁环296防止轴锁定件292相对于手持件220旋转。在轴锁定件292的旋转位置通过锁环296固定且花键284,290脱离的情况下,当转子280位于近侧位置时,转子280的旋转将不会使外护套232转动。事实上,当转子280和锁环296位于近侧位置时,轴锁定件292、锁环296和外壳220之间的关系将完全防止外护套232相对于外壳220旋转。虽然如此,转子280仍然可以相对于手持件220自由旋转,并且架子285与凸轮螺母270的凹槽278保持接合。因此,转子280的旋转将使凸轮螺母270相对于手持件220转动。因为在该阶段外护套232的旋转位置相对于手持件220固定,所以凸轮构件260,262的旋转位置在该阶段也固定。因此,当转子280在该阶段旋转时,凸轮螺母270将相对于凸轮构件260,262旋转。如上所述,由于在凸轮螺母270的凸轮表面274,276和凸轮构件260,262的突出264,268之间存在接合,所以该相对旋转将促使凸轮表面274,276倚靠在凸轮构件260,262的突出264,268上,从而沿相反的纵向方向驱动凸轮构件260,262和铰接构件250,252。铰接构件250,252的该相反纵向运动将引起铰接部分236弯曲,从而使端部执行器240发生铰接。因此,当转子280位于近侧位置时,转子280可用于在不引起轴230或端部执行器240旋转的情况下弯曲铰接部分236。
当转子280位于近侧位置时,在使用端部执行器240期间,铰接控制部件中的摩擦可基本上防止铰接部分236不经意弯曲,使得铰接控件在放置于负载下时基本上自锁定。当转子280位于远侧位置时,因为凸轮螺母270相对于凸轮构件260,262的旋转位置将被固定,所以铰接部分236将不能弯曲。根据本文的教导内容,可以有选择地保持和锁定铰接构型的其他合适的方式对于本领域的普通技术人员将是显而易见的。
在一些形式中,转子280包括提供对由端部执行器240和轴230限定的铰接角度的视觉指示的标记。此类标记可参考手持件220上的另一个标记进行查看。除此之外或作为可供替代的选择,转子280可包括提供对端部执行器240的旋转位置的视觉指示的标记。此类标记也可参考手持件220上的另一个标记进行查看。当然,这些标记仅仅是任选的,并且可以悉数省去。在一些形式中,转子280可通过握持手持件220(如,通过一根手指)的同一只手操作,从而提供了对整个器械的单手操作模式。作为另一个仅为示例性的变型形式,手持件220可以包括可操作以有选择地将转子280在轴旋转模式(图13A和14A)和轴铰接模式(图13B和14B)之间转换的模式开关或其他类型的结构。根据本文的教导内容,其他合适的部件、结构、构型和可操作性对于本领域的普通技术人员将显而易见。
C.具有枢转楔结构的示例性铰接控件
图16-19示出了另一个示例性电外科器械300,该电外科器械包括手持件320、从手持件320向远侧延伸的轴330和设置在轴330的远端处的端部执行器340。本例的手持件320包括手枪式握把322、触发器324、激活按钮326和铰接楔328。触发器324可朝着和远离手枪式握把322枢转以有选择地致动端部执行器340,如上所述和如在本文所引用的一个或多个参考文献中所述。激活按钮326可操作以有选择地激活与端部执行器340连通的RF电路,也如上所述和如在本文所引用的一个或多个参考文献中所述。在一些形式中,激活按钮326还充当针对触发器324的机械锁定件,使得除非同时按下按钮326否则触发器324不能够被充分致动。可如何提供此类锁定的例子在本文所引用的一个或多个参考文献中有所公开。应当理解,可以任何合适的方式对手枪式握把322、触发器324和按钮326进行改进、取代、补充等,并且本文中对此类部件的说明仅为示例性的。本例的铰接楔328可操作以有选择地控制轴330的铰接部分336,如将在下文中更详细地描述。
本例的轴330包括外护套332、位于外护套332远端处的铰接部分336以及可滑动地且同轴地设置在外护套332内的切割构件驱动管338。切割构件驱动管338可纵向运动,以在纵向上驱动切割构件(未示出)。切割构件基本上等同于上述的击发横梁60。在本例中,通过朝手枪式握把322挤压触发器324而将驱动管338向远侧推进;而通过释放触发器324和/或通过主动将触发器324远离手枪式握把322移动而将驱动管338向近侧缩回。如图17-19中所示,在本例中,卷簧342固定到驱动管338的近端。卷簧342与牢固地固定在手持件320内的托架344接合。因此,卷簧342有弹性地将驱动管338偏置到近侧位置。当然,驱动管338和/或切割构件可以采用任何其他合适的方式进行构造和操作。
本例的铰接部分336可操作以以相对于由外护套332限定的纵向轴线的多种角度有选择地定位端部执行器340。铰接部分336和轴330的其他部件可采用的形式的多种例子在本文所引用的多种参考文献中有所描述,然而考虑到本文的教导内容,其他例子对本领域的普通技术人员将是显而易见的。相似地,端部执行器340可根据上述的端部执行器40、根据本文所引用的多种参考文献的教导内容和/或根据本文的教导内容以对于本领域的普通技术人员而言将显而易见的任何其他合适的方式进行构造。
在一些形式中,轴330也可通过旋钮334相对于手持件320围绕由外护套332限定的纵向轴线旋转。此类旋转可提供端部执行器340和轴330的整体旋转。在一些其他形式中,旋钮334可操作以在不旋转位于铰接部分336近侧的轴330的任何部分的情况下旋转端部执行器340。作为另一个仅为示例性的例子,电外科器械300可包括提供作为单一单元的轴330和端部执行器340的可旋转性的一个旋转控件;和另一个旋转控件,其在不旋转位于铰接部分336近侧的轴330的任何部分的情况下提供端部执行器340的可旋转性。考虑到本文的教导内容,其他合适的旋转方案对于本领域的普通技术人员将是显而易见的。当然,如果需要,可以完全省去可旋转结构。在提供轴330和/或端部执行器340的旋转的任何形式的装置中,转动旋钮334和/或轴330和/或端部执行器340可包括有利于对旋转位置进行视觉识别的一个或多个标记。例如,使用者可将旋转旋钮334上的标记与轴330和/或端部执行器340上的相应标记相关联,以更好地明白此类部件相对于患者和器械300的取向。
如图17-18中所示,枢转突起329从铰接楔328一体地向远侧延伸。突起329可移动地固定到手持件320,使得铰接楔328可围绕通过突起329的中心限定的垂直枢转轴线枢转。该垂直枢转轴线垂直于由轴330限定的纵向轴线。如图18-19中所示,铰接楔328的下侧包括向近侧呈现的一体的齿条329。
传动轴350定位在铰接楔328的下方并且限定与由轴330限定的轴线垂直的旋转轴线。轴350可在手持件320内旋转。轴350包括与铰接楔328的一体的齿条329啮合的一体小齿轮352。因此,小齿轮352响应于铰接楔328相对于手持件320的横向枢转/旋转而转动。小齿轮352与一对相对的齿条360,362接合。齿条360在手持件320内纵向延伸并且与横向延伸的托架364成一体;而齿条362在手持件320内纵向地延伸并且与横向延伸的托架366成一体。如在图18-19中最佳所见,将托架364,366布置为使得它们均与轴330的纵向轴线重叠并且使得它们沿该纵向轴线的长度错列。应当理解,由上可知,小齿轮352的旋转将沿相反的纵向方向驱动齿条360,362。
托架364通过形成在驱动管338中的纵向狭槽375与铰接带374联接。托架366通过形成在驱动管338中的纵向狭槽377与铰接带376联接。铰接带374,376在驱动管338内纵向延伸穿过轴330。铰接带374,376与铰接部分336联接,使得朝相反的纵向方向移动铰接带374,376将引起铰接部分336弯曲,从而使端部执行器340发生铰接。如上所述,小齿轮352的旋转将沿相反的纵向方向驱动齿条360,362。因此应当理解,沿相对于手持件320的任一方向枢转铰接楔328将朝相反的纵向方向驱动铰接带374,376,从而弯曲铰接部分336以使端部执行器340发生铰接。例如,沿一个方向枢转铰接楔328将朝远侧驱动铰接带374,同时朝近侧驱动铰接带376,从而使端部执行器340发生单向铰接。沿相反的方向枢转铰接楔328将朝近侧驱动铰接带374,同时朝远侧驱动铰接带376,从而使端部执行器340发生另一个方向的铰接。
如图17中所示,棘爪组件可有选择地将铰接楔328保持在多个枢转位置。具体地讲,铰接楔328的近侧边缘包括一系列被构造为容纳球382的凹陷380,该球通过卷簧384被有弹性地推送到凹陷380中。卷簧384可牢固地固定在手持件320内。根据本文的教导内容,可以有选择地保持铰接楔328的位置的其他合适的方式对于本领域的普通技术人员将是显而易见的。当然,如果需要,可省去此类保持结构。还应当理解,铰接楔328可通过握持手持件320(如,通过拇指和/或一根手指)的同一只手操作,从而提供了对整个器械300的单手操作模式。根据本文的教导内容,虽然器械300的若干示例性可供选择的部件、结构、构型和可操作性将在下文中更详细地描述,但是其他的部件、结构、构型和可操作性对于本领域的普通技术人员将是显而易见的。
图20示出了铰接楔328和铰接带374,376的示例性替代选择。具体地讲,图20示出了可围绕固定到手持件420的销414枢转的一对铰接臂410,412。臂410,412包括相应的横向延伸的齿条416,418。齿条416,418与可在手持件420内旋转的相应的小齿轮456,458啮合,使得齿条416,418的侧向移动将使小齿轮456,458旋转。每个小齿轮456,458与相应的线轴466,468结合为一体。缆线476,478缠绕在每个线轴476,478周围,使得线轴466,468的旋转将根据旋转的方向使缆线476,478卷绕或退绕。因为缆线476,478的平移将提供端部执行器的铰接,所以缆线476,478与铰接带374,376类似。因此,横向地枢转铰接臂410,412将在纵向上平移缆线476,478,从而使端部执行器发生铰接。
在本例中,铰接臂410,412可相对于彼此独立地运动。因此,当臂410枢转时,缆线476的有效长度将缩短而臂412将保持固定并且缆线478的有效长度将保持不变,从而导致端部执行器朝臂410弯曲。当臂412枢转时,将发生相反的结果。在一些其他形式中,缆线478以与缆线476围绕线轴456卷绕的方向相反的取向缠绕在线轴458周围,并且铰接臂410,412以一体的方式一起枢转。根据本文的教导内容,其他合适的布置对于本领域的普通技术人员将是显而易见的。应当理解,如上所述的器械300的其他部件、结构、构型和可操作性可以容易地与图20中所示的部件、结构和构型相结合。应当理解,可根据需要修改、取代、补充或省略图20中示出的部件、结构和构型。
图22示出了铰接楔328和铰接带374,376的另一个示例性替代选择。具体地讲,图22示出了通过枢轴销510可枢转地固定到手持件520的铰接楔528。远侧柱550从楔328的远端向上延伸。因此,当楔528围绕销510枢转时,柱550扫过运动的角度范围。一对缆线576,578通过保持住缆线576,578张力的相应弹簧586,588固定到手持件520。因为缆线476,478的平移将提供端部执行器的铰接,所以缆线576,578与铰接带374,376类似。缆线576,578设置在楔528的上方并且位于柱550的扫过路径之内。因此,如果楔528朝一个方向枢转,则柱550将接合缆线576并牵拉缆线576通过轴530,从而减少缆线576的有效长度。缆线576有效长度的此类减少将使轴530远端处的端部执行器发生铰接。同样,如果楔528朝相反方向枢转,则柱550将接合缆线578并牵拉缆线578通过轴530,从而减少缆线578的有效长度。缆线578有效长度的此类减少将使端部执行器在轴530的远端处沿着与先前情形的方向相反的方向发生铰接。
也如图22中所示,柱596,598在楔528的上方从外壳520向下延伸。缆线576绕柱596卷绕一次,而缆线578绕柱598卷绕一次。尽管缆线576,578可沿柱596,598滑动,但它们与柱596,598的接合使缆线576,578的近端保持对齐,并且在当任一缆线576被柱550接合时防止弹簧586,588向外偏转。在一些其他形式中,当楔528围绕销510枢转时,柱596,598与楔528结合为一体并且配合柱550以调节缆线576,578的有效长度。在一些其他形式中,可省去柱550以有利地只包括柱596,598作为楔528的一体的部分。作为另一个仅为示例性的替代选择,可省去柱596,598以有利地只包括柱550。根据本文的教导内容,其他合适的布置对于本领域的普通技术人员将是显而易见的。应当理解,如上所述的器械300的其他部件、结构、构型和可操作性可以容易地与图22中所示的部件、结构和构型相结合。应当理解,可根据需要修改、取代、补充或省略图22中示出的部件、结构和构型。
图23示出了设置在轴旋转旋钮634内的示例性铰接楔628。楔628可以采用如上所述的方式相对于旋钮634枢转。楔628还可以操作用于使如本文所述的端部执行器发生铰接。旋钮634可以进行旋转,用于相对于手持件620转动轴630。因此,楔628也可以与旋钮634和轴630一起旋转。应当理解,如上所述的器械300的其他部件、结构、构型和可操作性可以容易地与图23中所示的部件、结构和构型相结合。应当理解,可根据需要修改、取代、补充或省略图23中示出的部件、结构和构型。
图24示出了铰接楔328和铰接带374,376的又一个示例性替代选择。具体地讲,图24示出了图20中所示构造的仅为示例性的变型形式。一对铰接臂710,712可围绕固定到手持件720的销714枢转。臂710,712包括相应的横向延伸的齿条716,718。齿条716,718与可在手持件720内旋转的相应的小齿轮756,758啮合,使得齿条716,718的侧向移动将使小齿轮756,758旋转。每个小齿轮756,758与相应的线轴766,768结合为一体。缆线776,778缠绕在每个线轴766,768周围,使得线轴766,768的旋转将根据旋转的方向使缆线776,778卷绕或退绕。因为缆线476,478通过轴730的平移将提供铰接接头736处的端部执行器740的铰接,所以缆线776,778类似于铰接带774,776。因此,横向地枢转铰接臂710,712将使缆线776,778纵向平移,从而使铰接接头736处的端部执行器740发生铰接。应当理解,如上所述的器械300的其他部件、结构、构型和可操作性可以容易地与图24中所示的部件、结构和构型相结合。应当理解,可根据需要修改、取代、补充或省略图24中示出的部件、结构和构型。
图25示出了铰接楔328和铰接带374,376的再一个示例性替代选择。具体地讲,图24示出了可围绕固定到手持件820的销814枢转的一对铰接臂810,812。连杆816可枢转地联接到臂810并且还可枢转地联接到托架856。托架856在限定于手持件820中的通道866内纵向平移。托架856还固定到铰接带876,该铰接带延伸穿过轴830以使位于轴830远端处的端部执行器发生铰接。应当理解,基于托架856在通道866内的纵向移动,铰接带876在轴830中的有效长度将改变。还应当理解,连杆816将把臂810围绕销814的枢转运动转换成托架856在通道866内的纵向运动。例如,如果朝手持件820向内按压臂810,则托架856将被朝远侧驱动,从而将铰接带876朝远侧驱动。
连杆818可枢转地联接到臂812并且还可枢转地联接到托架858。托架858在限定于手持件820中的通道868内纵向平移。托架858还固定到铰接带878,该铰接带延伸穿过轴830以使位于轴830远端处的端部执行器发生铰接。应当理解,基于托架858在通道868内的纵向移动,铰接带878在轴830中的有效长度将改变。还应当理解,连杆818将把臂812围绕销814的枢转运动转换成托架858在通道868内的纵向运动。例如,如果朝手持件820向内按压臂812,则托架858将被朝远侧驱动,从而将铰接带878朝远侧驱动。
因为缆线876,878的平移将提供端部执行器的铰接,所以本例的铰接带876,878类似于铰接带374,376。因此应当理解,围绕销814枢转臂810或臂812将使端部执行器发生铰接。在一些形式中,当一条臂810,812枢转时,另一条臂810,812保持基本固定。在一些其他形式中,一条臂810,812在当另一条臂810,812通过使用者主动枢转时作为其响应发生枢转。例如,一个托架856,858可在当另一个托架856,858朝远侧平移时作为其响应朝近侧平移。根据本文的教导内容,其他合适的布置对于本领域的普通技术人员将是显而易见的。应当理解,如上所述的器械300的其他部件、结构、构型和可操作性可以容易地与图25中所示的部件、结构和构型相结合。应当理解,可根据需要修改、取代、补充或省略图25中示出的部件、结构和构型。
图16-23中所示的例子包括限定向近侧开口的角度的楔形铰接控制结构,其顶点定位在手持件的远侧区域处。此类控件结构可通过使用者抓握器械的手枪式握把的手的拇指最佳地接合。图24-25示出了限定向远侧开口的角度的楔形铰接控制结构,其顶点定位在手持件的近侧区域处。此类控件结构可通过使用者抓握器械的手枪式握把的手的食指最佳地接合。当然,按使用者的需要,可以采用任何合适的方式接合图16-25的铰接控制结构。根据本文的教导内容,可提供且可操作图16-23的部件、结构和构型的其他合适的方式对于本领域的普通技术人员将是显而易见的。
D.具有手持件外壳的示例性铰接控件
图26示出了示例性电外科器械900,该电外科器械包括手持件920、从手持件920向远侧延伸的轴930和设置在轴930的远端处的端部执行器940。本例的手持件920包括手枪式握把922、触发器924和激活按钮926。除了如在下文中更详细地描述的手枪式握把922之外,根据本文中此类部件的多种教导内容可以构造和操作上述的部件。
本例的手枪式握把922可相对于手持件920的外壳921旋转。具体地讲,手枪式握把922可围绕垂直轴线转动,该垂直轴线穿过手枪式握把922的中心并且垂直于由轴930限定的纵向轴线。轴950从手枪式握把922向上延伸,进入外壳921,并且包括与一对缆线960,962联接的轭952。缆线960,962延伸穿过轴930并且与端部执行器940联接。端部执行器940在铰接接头936处与轴930可枢转地联接。基于缆线960,962的相反纵向移动,本例的铰接接头936可操作以以相对于由轴930限定的纵向轴线的多种角度有选择地定位端部执行器940。应当理解,当手枪式握把922相对于外壳921旋转时,缆线960,962和轭952之间的关系提供了缆线960,962的相反纵向移动。具体地讲,当手枪式握把922沿一个方向旋转时,缆线960向远侧推进而缆线962向近侧缩回,从而在铰接接头936处单向地枢转端部执行器940。当手枪式握把922沿相反方向旋转时,缆线960向近侧缩回,而缆线962向远侧推进,从而在铰接接头936处向另一个方向枢转端部执行器940。
当然,轭952和缆线960,962可由多种其他部件(包括但不限于小齿轮和相对的齿条)取代。考虑到本文的教导内容,多种其他合适的部件对于本领域的普通技术人员将是显而易见的。还应当理解,手枪式握把922可包括多种结构以利于手枪式握把922相对于外壳921旋转。仅以举例的方式,手枪式握把922可包括一个或多个垂直凹槽、肋条、压花纹、突起、弹性体结构等。
图27-28B示出了示例性电外科器械1000,该电外科器械包括手持件1020、从手持件1020向远侧延伸的轴1030和设置在轴1030的远端处的端部执行器1040。本例的手持件1020包括手枪式握把1022、触发器1024和激活按钮1026。除了如下文另有所述之外,可根据本文的此类部件的多种教导内容构造和操作上述的部件。
本例的手持件1020还包括上部1050和下部1052。如图所示,上部1050可围绕枢转轴线1054相对于下部1052枢转。如能够在从图28A向图28B的转变中所见,此枢转引起端部执行器1040在铰接接头1036处相对于轴1030发生相应的枢转。根据本文的教导内容,可用于提供响应于上部1050相对于下部1052的枢转的端部执行器1040相对于轴1030的此枢转的多种部件和结构对于本领域的普通技术人员将是显而易见的。还应当理解,多种部件和结构可用于将触发器1024保持为以多种铰接角度充分地与端部执行器1040联接。
如图27中所示,下部1052包括释放按钮1056。释放按钮1056可操作以有选择地解锁上部1050相对于下部1052的位置。例如,可首先按压释放按钮1056以解锁上部1050相对于下部1052的位置。当保持按压释放按钮1056时,使用者可以相对于下部1052枢转上部1050或反之亦然。在某些设置方式下,当使用者枢转下部1052时,使用者可依靠轴1030在套管针中的位置作为支点或作为机械基础以基本上保持上部1050相对于患者的枢转位置。一旦使用者已实现端部执行器1040的所需铰接角度,使用者便可释放释放按钮1056,从而通过锁定部分1050,1052的枢转位置而锁定端部执行器1040的铰接角度。根据本文的教导内容,释放按钮1056可被构造为提供此类可操作性的多种合适的方式对于本领域的普通技术人员将是显而易见的。相似地,根据本文的教导内容,释放按钮1056的多种合适的替代选择对于本领域的普通技术人员将是显而易见的。
图29-30示出了示例性电外科器械1100,该电外科器械包括手持件1120以及从手持件1120向远侧延伸的轴1130。端部执行器(未示出)设置在轴1130的远端处。本例的手持件1120包括手枪式握把1122、触发器1124和激活按钮1126。除了如下文另有所述之外,可根据本文的此类部件的多种教导内容构造和操作上述的部件。
本例的手持件1120还包括远侧部分1150和近侧部分1152。如图所示,远侧部分1150可围绕枢转轴线1154相对于近侧部分1152枢转。此枢转引起端部执行器在铰接接头(未示出)处相对于轴1130的相应枢转。根据本文的教导内容,可用于提供响应于远侧部分1150相对于近侧部分1152的枢转的端部执行器相对于轴1130的此枢转的多种部件和结构对于本领域的普通技术人员将是显而易见的。还应当理解,多种部件和结构可用于将触发器1124保持为以多种铰接角度充分地与端部执行器联接。
远侧部分1150还包括释放触发器1156。释放触发器1156可操作以有选择地解锁远侧部分1150相对于近侧部分1152的位置。例如,可首先按压释放触发器1156以解锁远侧部分1150相对于近侧部分1152的位置。当保持按压释放触发器1156时,使用者可以相对于近侧部分1152枢转远侧部分1150或反之亦然。在某些设置方式下,当使用者枢转近侧部分1152时,使用者可依靠轴1130在套管针中的位置作为支点或作为机械基础以基本上保持远侧部分1150相对于患者的枢转位置。一旦使用者已实现端部执行器的所需铰接角度,使用者便可释放释放触发器1156,从而通过锁定部分1150,1152的枢转位置而锁定端部执行器的铰接角度。根据本文的教导内容,释放触发器1156可被构造为提供此类可操作性的多种合适的方式对于本领域的普通技术人员将是显而易见的。相似地,根据本文的教导内容,释放触发器1156的多种合适的替代选择对于本领域的普通技术人员将是显而易见的。
E.具有离合器的示例性铰接控件
图31-35示出了示例性电外科器械1200,该电外科器械包括手持件1220以及从手持件1220向远侧延伸的轴1230。端部执行器(未示出)设置在轴1230的远端处。本例的手持件1220包括手枪式握把1222、触发器1224和激活按钮(未示出)。除了如下文另有所述之外,可根据本文的此类部件的多种教导内容构造和操作上述的部件。
本例的手持件1220还包括铰接转盘1250和旋转旋钮1234。如图32-33中所示,转盘1250的内部包括多个齿1252。第一齿轮1270直接与齿1252啮合。第二齿轮1280直接与第一齿轮1270啮合但是不直接与齿1252啮合。因此,当转盘1250朝一个方向旋转时,第一齿轮1270将朝相同方向旋转但第二齿轮1280将朝相反方向旋转。第一驱动杆1272延伸穿过第一齿轮1270而第二驱动杆1282延伸穿过第二齿轮1280。驱动杆1272和齿轮1270被构造为使得驱动杆1272与齿轮1270一起旋转但驱动杆1272相对于齿轮1270平移。相似地,驱动杆1282和齿轮1280被构造为使得驱动杆1282与齿轮1280一起旋转但驱动杆1282相对于齿轮1280平移。仅以举例的方式,穿过齿轮1270,1280的驱动杆1272,1282的部分可具有六边形横截面,并且齿轮1270,1280限定互补的六边形开口。作为另一个仅为示例性的例子,穿过齿轮1270,1280的驱动杆1272,1282的部分可具有键,并且齿轮1270,1280限定具有互补的键槽的开口。根据本文的教导内容,其他合适构型对于本领域的普通技术人员将是显而易见的。也如图32中所示,击发横梁1260穿过转盘1250的内部,与齿轮1270,1280和驱动杆1272,1282分离。本例的击发横梁1260基本上等同于上述的击发横梁60。
本例的旋转旋钮1234可操作以使轴1230、延伸穿过轴1230的部件、转盘1250和齿轮1270,1280全部一起相对于手持件1220且围绕轴1230的纵向轴线旋转。因此,可以类似于上述用于旋转旋钮34的方式操作旋转旋钮1234。在本例中,尽管事实上当旋转旋钮1234旋转时转盘1250发生旋转,但当转盘1250旋转时旋转旋钮1234和轴1230保持固定。考虑到本文的教导内容,可提供此类可操作性的多种合适的方式对于本领域的普通技术人员将是显而易见的。
如图31和33中所示,离合器按钮1290从旋转旋钮1234延伸。离合器按钮1290可操作以同时致动一对杆柱1292,1294。第一杆柱1292与第一箍1274相连;而第二杆柱1294与第二箍1284相连。第一箍1274限定内螺纹部分1275并且围绕第一杆1272的螺纹部分1276设置。第一箍1274还限定了第一杆柱1292接合的上部突起1278。第二箍1284限定了内螺纹部分(未示出)并且围绕第二杆1282的螺纹部分1288设置。第二箍1284限定了第二杆柱1294接合的上部突起1286。两个箍1274,1284均是可变形的,以有选择地脱离它们相应的螺纹部分1276,1278,如将在下文中更详细地描述。然而,箍1274,1284被弹性地偏置以使它们的内螺纹部分与杆1272,1282的螺纹部分1276,1278接合。
当箍1274,1284的内螺纹部分与杆1272,1282的螺纹部分1276,1278接合时,箍1274,1284将起到固定螺母的作用而杆1272,1282的螺纹部分1276,1278起到导螺杆的作用。因此,当杆1272,1282相对于箍1274,1284旋转时,杆1272,1282将平移。因为在该例中杆1272,1282总是朝相反方向旋转,并且因为螺纹的取向在两个螺纹部分1276,1278中是相同的,所以当杆1272,1282相对于箍1274,1284旋转时,杆1272,1282将朝相反方向平移。因为杆1272,1282的平移将提供端部执行器的铰接,所以杆1272,1282与上述铰接带374,376类似。具体地讲,杆1272,1282朝相反方向的平移将引起端部执行器相对于轴1230发生铰接。一个或多个轴承可设置在杆1272,1282的远端处以吸收杆1272,1282的旋转运动,使得杆1272,1282的远端仅最终转移铰接的纵向运动。
如在从图34A向图34B的转变中所示,箍1274,1284是可变形的,以有选择地使它们的螺纹部分脱离杆1270,1280的螺纹部分1276,1286。此脱离使杆1270,1280能够相对于箍1274,1284自由地旋转和平移。箍1274,1284响应于杆柱1292,1294在突起1278,1288上的向下按压而变形。在一些形式中,轴1230的铰接接头或部分被弹性地偏置以呈现直的构型。在一些此类版本中,从箍1274,1288释放杆1270,1280将导致铰接接头或部分突然且迅速地返回到基本上直的构型。因此,离合器按钮1290提供释放以迅速地使发生铰接的轴变直。根据本文的教导内容,轴1230的铰接接头或部分可以被弹性地偏置以呈现直的构型的多种合适的方式对于本领域的普通技术人员将是显而易见的。还应当理解,齿轮1280,1270和/或其他部件可被构造为抗后驱动的,使得在使用器械1200期间轴1230的铰接接头或部分将保持铰接构型直到转盘1250旋转或直到按下离合器按钮1290为止。
图35示出了电外科器械1200的仅为示例性的变型形式。具体地讲,图35示出了具有基本上与上述电外科器械1200的部件和可操作性相同的部件和可操作性的电外科器械1300,不同之处在于其具有不同的铰接转盘1350和不同的旋转旋钮1334。在本例中,旋转旋钮1334不具有离合器按钮1290的等同物,不然与旋转旋钮1334等同。当铰接转盘1350相对于手持件1320向近侧拉动时,铰接转盘1350起到类似于离合器按钮1290的作用。具体地讲,当铰接转盘1350位于近侧位置时,类似于上述的有选择脱离,铰接转盘1350可操作以使箍脱离驱动杆的螺纹部分。铰接转盘1350被弹性地偏置到远侧位置,在此处铰接转盘1350起到正如上述铰接转盘1250的作用。根据本文的教导内容,电外科器械1200,1300的其他合适的变型形式对于本领域的普通技术人员将显而易见。
F.通过多功能触发器的示例性铰接控件
图36示出了示例性电外科器械1400,该电外科器械包括手持件1420以及从手持件1420向远侧延伸的轴1430。端部执行器(未示出)设置在轴1430的远端处。本例的手持件1420包括手枪式握把1422、触发器1424和激活按钮1426。除了如下文另有所述之外,可根据本文的此类部件的多种教导内容构造和操作上述的部件。
在本例中,触发器1424可有选择地操作用于采用上述的方式致动端部执行器或使端部执行器相对于轴1430发生铰接。手持件1420包括模式选择拨动开关1450,该开关使得使用者能够选择何种功能将由触发器1424执行。当开关1450位于一个位置时,触发器1424将以上述的方式致动端部执行器。当开关1450位于另一个位置时,触发器1424将使端部执行器相对于轴1430发生铰接。如果使用者使用触发器1424使端部执行器发生铰接,则使用者可移动开关1450同时使用触发器1424将端部执行器保持在铰接位置。在该阶段移动开关1450将把端部执行器锁定在铰接位置。
在一些形式中,当移动开关1450被定位成将触发器1424置于铰接控制模式时,触发器1424可从原始位置1460移动至远侧位置1462,从而使端部执行器沿第一方向发生铰接;或者可从原始位置1460移动至近侧位置1464,从而使端部执行器沿与第一方向相反的第二方向发生铰接。在一些其他形式中,开关1450可在以下三个位置之间移动:触发器1424将致动端部执行器的位置、触发器1424将使端部执行器向右进行铰接的位置和触发器1424将使端部执行器向左进行铰接的位置。在这些形式中,仅当朝向手枪式握把1422挤压触发器1424时,触发器1424将使端部执行器朝选择的方向进行铰接。触发器1424在铰接期间还可起到类似棘轮的作用,使得触发器1424可被反复地挤压和释放从而使端部执行器朝任一方向进行铰接。根据本文的教导内容,可用于提供响应于触发器1424的定位的端部执行器的铰接的多种合适的部件和结构对于本领域的普通技术人员将是显而易见的。相似地,根据本文的教导内容,可用于提供对触发器1424的操作模式的选择的多种合适的部件和结构对于本领域的普通技术人员将是显而易见的。
G.通过第二触发器的示例性铰接控件
图37-38示出了示例性电外科器械1500,该电外科器械包括手持件1520以及从手持件1520向远侧延伸的轴1530。端部执行器(未示出)设置在轴1530的远端处。本例的手持件1520包括手枪式握把1522、触发器1524和激活按钮1526。除了如下文另有所述之外,可根据本文的此类部件的多种教导内容构造和操作上述的部件。
本例的器械1500包括与触发器1424联接的辅助杠杆1550。辅助杠杆1550还与在手持件1520内旋转的轴1560联接。因此,辅助杠杆1550沿基本水平的平面围绕基本垂直的轴线旋转,如图38中所示。在一些形式中,杠杆1550围绕由触发器1524限定的轴线旋转。轭1562固定到轴1560,使得轭1562与轴1560一起旋转。一对缆线1570,1572固定到轭1562。这些部件之间的关系提供了响应于轴1560和轭1562的旋转的缆线1570,1572的相对平移。因此,当辅助杠杆1550沿基本水平的平面围绕基本垂直的轴线旋转时,缆线1570,1572将通过轴1530沿相对的纵向方向平移。根据本文的多种教导内容,缆线1570,1572的此类相对的纵向移动提供了轴1530远端处的端部执行器的铰接。沿基本上水平的平面朝一个方向旋转辅助杠杆1550可使端部执行器发生单向铰接;而沿基本上水平的平面朝相反方向旋转辅助杠杆1550可使端部执行器发生另一个方向的铰接。
也可有选择地锁定辅助杠杆1550,从而有选择地锁定端部执行器相对于轴1530的铰接(或非铰接)位置。具体地讲,辅助杠杆1550可如图37中所示沿基本上垂直的平面围绕基本上水平的轴线旋转以便有选择地锁定。例如,可将辅助杠杆1550枢转至向上的位置以便有选择地锁定;或将其枢转至向下的位置以便有选择地解锁。在一些形式中,辅助杠杆1550可通过使用握持手枪式握把1522的手的仅一根手指而沿着基本上水平的平面和/或沿着基本上垂直的平面旋转,从而提供了对于器械500的完全的单手操作。根据本文的教导内容,可用于提供对辅助杠杆1550的上述操作的多种合适的部件、结构和构型对于本领域的普通技术人员将是显而易见的。相似地,根据本文的教导内容,用于器械1500的其他合适的部件、结构、构型和可操作性对于本领域的普通技术人员将显而易见。
H.具有枢转凸轮的示例性铰接控件
图39-43示出了示例性电外科器械1600,该电外科器械包括手持件1620以及从手持件1620向远侧延伸的轴1630。端部执行器1640设置在轴1630的远端处,并且通过有选择地在铰接接头1636处枢转而相对于轴1630发生铰接。本例的手持件1620包括手枪式握把1522、触发器(未示出)和激活按钮(未示出)。除了如下文另有所述之外,可根据本文的此类部件的多种教导内容构造和操作上述的部件。
本例的器械1600包括设置在手持件1620内的凸轮构件1650。具体地讲,如图40中所示,凸轮构件1650通过枢转销1625可枢转地固定在手持件1620的外壳1621内。如图41-42中最佳所见,凸轮构件1650包括一对相对的推送凸块1652、第一组向远侧延伸的凸轮1654和第二组向远侧延伸的凸轮1656。重新参考图39,推送凸块1652从手持件1620向外延伸,并从形成在外壳1621中的开口1623伸出。使用者可容易地接合推送凸块1652以有选择地围绕销1625朝任一方向枢转凸轮构件1650。凸轮1654相对于凸轮构件1650枢转所围绕的轴线横向偏移。凸轮1656也相对于凸轮构件1650枢转所围绕的轴线横向偏移。因此,当凸轮构件1650围绕销1625朝一个方向枢转时,凸轮1654向远侧移动而凸轮1656向近侧移动。当凸轮构件1650围绕销1625朝相反的方向枢转时,凸轮1654向近侧移动而凸轮1656向远侧移动。
如图43中最佳所见,本例的器械1600还包括外驱动环1670和内驱动环1680。当端部执行器1640与轴1630对齐时,驱动环1680同轴地设置并且还位于共同的纵向位置处。外驱动环1670与凸轮1654接触,使得当凸轮构件1650朝一个方向枢转时外驱动环1670被凸轮1654向远侧驱动。内驱动环1680与凸轮1656接触,使得当凸轮构件1650朝另一个方向枢转时内驱动环1680被凸轮1656向远侧驱动。臂1672从外驱动环1670一体地向内延伸并且还固定到铰接带1674。相似地,臂1684从内驱动环1680一体地向内延伸并且还固定到铰接带1684。因此,铰接带1674,1684将与它们相应的驱动环1670,1680一起在纵向上平移。当铰接带1674,1684朝相反方向平移时,铰接带1674,1684延伸穿过轴1630并且可操作以枢转铰接接头1636处的端部执行器1640。根据本文的教导内容,端部执行器1640可响应于铰接带1674,1684的相对纵向移动而枢转的多种合适的方式对于本领域的普通技术人员将是显而易见的。
应当理解,由上可知,围绕销1625枢转凸轮构件1650将基于凸轮构件1650被枢转的方向使端部执行器1640发生铰接。当凸轮构件1650朝一个方向枢转时,凸轮1654将向远侧推动外驱动环1670和带1674而凸轮1656将向近侧移动以使内驱动环1680和带1684能够向近侧移动。当凸轮构件1650朝相反方向枢转时,凸轮1656将向远侧推动内驱动环1680和带1684而凸轮1654将向近侧移动以使外驱动环1670和带1674能够向近侧移动。根据本文的教导内容,可在器械1600中提供的其他合适的部件、结构、构型和可操作性对于本领域普通技术人员将显而易见。
IV.其他示例性结构
应当理解,本文的任何装置也可包括以下专利中所公开的各种结构中的一种或多种:与本文同一天提交的名称为“Control Features forArticulating Surgical Device”的美国专利申请No.[代理人案卷号END6888USNP],该专利的公开内容以引用方式并入本文;与本文同一天提交的名称为“Articulation Joint Features for Articulating Surgical Device”的美国专利申请No.[代理人案卷号END6889USNP],该专利的公开内容以引用方式并入本文;和/或与本文同一天提交的名称为“Articulation JointFeatures for Articulating Surgical Device”的美国专利申请No.[代理人案卷号END6889USNP1],该专利的公开内容以引用方式并入本文。
还应当理解,可修改本文所述的任何装置以包括马达或其他电动装置以便驱动原本手动移动的部件。此类修改形式的多种例子在1011年6月2日提交的名称为“Motor Driven Electrosurgical Device with Mechanical andElectrical Feedback”的美国专利申请No.13/151,481中有所描述,该专利申请的公开内容以引用方式并入本文。根据本文的教导内容,可将马达或其他电动装置并入到本文的任何装置的多种其他合适的方式对于本领域的普通技术人员将是显而易见的。
还应当理解,可修改本文所述的任何装置以包含医疗装置自身内的大部分(如果不是全部)所需部件。更具体地讲,本文所述的装置可以能够使用内部或可附连的电源,而不是需要用缆线将装置的插头插入外部电源内。医疗装置可以能够包括便携式电源的方式的若干例子公开于2010年11月5日提交的名称为“Energy-Based Surgical Instruments”的美国临时申请序列号61/410,603中,该临时申请的公开内容以引用方式并入本文。根据本文的教导内容,可将电源并入到本文的任何装置的多种其他合适的方式对于本领域的普通技术人员将是显而易见的。
VI.其他方面
虽然本文的例子主要在电外科器械的上下文环境中进行描述,但是应当理解,本文的教导内容可易于应用于多种其他类型的医疗器械。仅以举例的方式,本文的教导内容可以容易地应用于组织抓持器、组织取出袋部署器械、外科缝合器、超声外科器械等。还应当理解,本文的教导内容可以容易地应用于本文引用的任何参考文献中所述的任何器械,使得可以容易地以多种方式将本文的教导内容与本文引用的任何参考文献的教导内容相结合。本文的教导内容可以并入的其他类型的器械对于本领域的普通技术人员将是显而易见的。
应当理解,所述以引用方式并入本文中的任何专利、出版物或其他公开材料,无论是全文或部分,仅在并入的材料与本公开中给出的定义、陈述或其他公开材料不冲突的范围内并入本文。由此,在必要的程度下,本文所明确阐述的公开内容将取代以引用方式并入本文的任何相冲突材料。如果据述以引用方式并入本文但与本文所述的现有定义、陈述或其他公开材料相冲突的任何材料或其部分,仅在所并入的材料和现有的公开材料之间不产生冲突的程度下并入本文。
本发明的一些实施例可在传统的内窥镜检查和开放性手术器械以及机器人辅助手术中得到应用。例如,本领域的普通技术人员将认识到,本文的各种教导内容可以容易地与2004年8月31日公布的名称为“RoboticSurgical Tool with Ultrasound Cauterizing and Cutting Instrument”的美国专利No.6,783,524的各种教导内容相结合,该专利的公开内容以引用方式并入本文。
本文所公开的实施例装置可设计为使用一次后丢弃,也可设计为供多次使用。在上述任一或两种情况下,都可对这些实施例进行修复,以便在使用至少一次后重复使用。修复可包括以下步骤的任意组合:拆卸装置、然后清洗或更换特定部件和随后进行重新组装。具体地讲,可以拆卸装置的实施例,并且可有选择地以任何组合形式来更换或拆除装置的任意数量的特定部件或零件。在清洗和/或更换特定零件时,装置的实施例可在修复设施中重新组装或者在即将进行外科手术前由外科手术团队重新组装,以供随后使用。本领域的技术人员将会知道,修复装置时可利用多种技术进行拆卸、清洗/更换和重新组装。这些技术的使用以及所得的修复装置均在本发明的范围内。
仅以举例的方式,可对本文所述的实施例在外科手术前进行处理。首先,可获取新的或用过的器械,并根据需要进行清洗。然后可对器械进行消毒。在一种消毒技术中,将该装置置于闭合并密封的容器中,例如塑料或TYVEK袋中。然后可将容器和器械置于可穿透该容器的辐射场(例如γ辐射、X射线或高能电子)中。辐射可将器械上和容器中的细菌杀死。然后可将消毒后的器械保存在消毒容器中。该密封容器可将器械保持在无菌状态,直到在医疗设施中打开该容器。还可使用本领域已知的任何其他技术对装置消毒,所述技术包括但不限于β辐射或γ辐射、环氧乙烷或蒸汽消毒。
已经示出和描述了本发明的多个实施例,可由本领域普通技术人员进行适当修改来实现本文描述的方法和系统的进一步改进而不偏离本发明的范围。已经提及了若干此类潜在的修改形式,并且其他修改形式对于本领域的技术人员而言将显而易见。例如,上面讨论的例子、实施例、几何形状、材料、尺寸、比率、步骤等均是示例性的而非必需的。因此,本发明的范围应以下面的权利要求书考虑,并且应理解为不限于说明书和附图中示出和描述的结构和操作细节。

Claims (20)

1.一种电外科装置,包括:
(a)主体;
(b)端部执行器,所述端部执行器包括:
(i)第一钳口,和
(ii)第二钳口,
其中所述第一钳口能够朝所述第二钳口运动,以将组织夹在所述第一钳口和第二钳口之间,
其中所述钳口中的至少一个包括至少一个电极,
其中所述至少一个电极能够操作以将RF能量递送到夹在所述第一钳口和第二钳口之间的组织;
(c)切割构件,所述切割构件能够操作以切割夹在所述第一钳口和所述第二钳口之间的组织;
(d)致动构件,所述致动构件能够操作以有选择地致动所述切割构件;和
(e)轴,所述轴在所述主体和所述端部执行器之间延伸,其中所述轴限定纵向轴线,其中所述轴包括铰接部分,其中所述铰接部分能够操作以有选择地将所述端部执行器定位在相对于所述轴的所述纵向轴线非平行的位置处,其中所述主体包括能够操作以有选择地致动所述铰接部分的控制器。
2.根据权利要求1所述的电外科装置,其中所述致动构件与所述控制器连通,使得所述控制器能够操作以引起所述致动构件致动所述切割构件,并且使得所述控制器能够操作以有选择地致动所述铰接部分。
3.根据权利要求2所述的电外科装置,其中所述主体包括手持件,其中所述手持件限定第一轴线,其中所述第一轴线不平行于所述轴的所述纵向轴线,其中所述控制器能够朝着和远离所述第一轴线运动以引起所述致动构件致动所述切割构件。
4.根据权利要求3所述的电外科装置,其中所述控制器能够围绕所述第一轴线枢转以有选择地致动所述铰接部分。
5.根据权利要求3所述的电外科装置,还包括能够操作以选择所述控制器的操作模式的模式选择器,其中所述模式选择器能够操作以在切割模式和铰接模式之间选择,其中当所述模式选择器处于所述切割模式时,所述控制器能够操作以引起所述致动构件致动所述切割构件,其中当所述模式选择器处于所述铰接模式时,所述控制器能够操作以有选择地致动所述铰接部分。
6.根据权利要求1所述的电外科装置,其中所述轴和端部执行器能够相对于所述主体旋转,其中所述控制器还能够操作以相对于所述主体旋转所述轴和端部执行器。
7.根据权利要求6所述的电外科装置,其中所述控制器能够相对于所述主体在第一纵向位置和第二纵向位置之间运动,其中当所述控制器位于所述第一纵向位置时,所述控制器能够操作以相对于所述主体旋转所述轴和端部执行器但不致动所述铰接部分,其中当所述控制器位于所述第二纵向位置时,所述控制器能够操作以致动所述铰接部分但不相对于所述主体旋转所述轴和端部执行器。
8.根据权利要求1所述的电外科装置,还包括纵向延伸穿过所述轴的一对细长构件,其中所述细长构件能够在相反的纵向方向上平移以致动所述铰接部分,其中所述控制器包括至少一个凸轮构件,所述凸轮构件能够操作以在相反的纵向方向上平移所述细长构件。
9.根据权利要求8所述的电外科装置,其中所述控制器还包括能够操作以驱动所述至少一个凸轮构件在相反的纵向方向上平移所述细长构件的至少一个可旋转构件,其中所述至少一个可旋转构件能够围绕平行于所述轴的所述纵向轴线的轴线旋转。
10.根据权利要求8所述的电外科装置,其中所述控制器还包括能够操作以驱动所述至少一个凸轮构件在相反的纵向方向上平移所述细长构件的枢转构件,其中所述枢转构件能够围绕垂直于所述轴的所述纵向轴线的轴线枢转。
11.根据权利要求10所述的电外科装置,还包括与所述至少一个凸轮构件接合的一对同心环,其中所述细长构件中的一个与所述同心环中的一个成为一体,并且所述细长构件中的另一个与所述同心环中的另一个成为一体。
12.根据权利要求1所述的电外科装置,还包括纵向延伸穿过所述轴的一对细长构件,其中所述细长构件能够在相反的纵向方向上平移以致动所述铰接部分,其中所述控制器包括能够操作以围绕垂直于所述轴的所述纵向轴线的轴线枢转的枢转构件,以在纵向方向上驱动所述细长构件中的至少一个。
13.根据权利要求12所述的电外科装置,其中所述枢转构件包括一体的齿条,其中所述一体的齿条能够操作以旋转小齿轮以在纵向方向上驱动所述细长构件中的至少一个。
14.根据权利要求13所述的电外科装置,其中所述细长构件中的至少一个包括与所述小齿轮接合的一体的齿条。
15.根据权利要求13所述的电外科装置,其中所述小齿轮包括一体的线轴,其中所述细长构件中的至少一个的一部分围绕所述线轴缠绕。
16.根据权利要求1所述的电外科器械,其中所述主体包括第一主体外壳和第二主体外壳,其中所述第一主体外壳能够相对于所述第二主体外壳旋转以形成所述控制器。
17.根据权利要求1所述的电外科器械,其中所述控制器能够沿第一平面旋转以有选择地致动所述铰接部分,其中所述控制器能够沿第二平面旋转以有选择地锁定所述铰接部分。
18.根据权利要求1所述的电外科器械,其中所述致动器包括驱动管。
19.一种外科器械,包括:
(a)主体;
(b)端部执行器,其中所述端部执行器能够操作以接合组织;
(c)轴,所述轴在所述主体和所述端部执行器之间延伸,其中所述轴限定纵向轴线,其中所述轴包括铰接部分,其中所述铰接部分能够操作以有选择地将所述端部执行器定位在相对于所述轴的所述纵向轴线非平行的位置处,其中所述铰接部分被弹性地偏置以将所述端部执行器与所述轴对齐;
(d)控制器,所述控制器能够操作以克服所述铰接部分的弹性偏置有选择地致动所述铰接部分;和
(e)释放构件,所述释放构件能够操作以有选择地将所述铰接部分从所述控制器释放,以将所述铰接部分返回到与所述轴对齐的位置。
20.一种外科器械,所述器械包括:
(a)主体;
(b)端部执行器,所述端部执行器包括:
(i)第一钳口,和
(ii)第二钳口,
其中所述第一钳口能够朝所述第二钳口运动,以将组织夹在所述第一钳口和第二钳口之间;
(c)切割构件,所述切割构件能够操作以切割夹在所述第一钳口和所述第二钳口之间的组织;
(d)轴,所述轴在所述主体和所述端部执行器之间延伸,其中所述轴和所述端部执行器能够一起相对于所述主体旋转;和
(e)控制器,所述控制器能够操作以相对于所述主体有选择地旋转所述轴和所述端部执行器,其中所述控制器还能够操作以相对于所述主体铰接所述端部执行器。
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