CN103222628A - Method for extracting dietary fibers - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for extracting dietary fibers. The method comprises the following steps of: (1) uniformly mixing a starch-containing raw material, water and an enzyme for enzymolysis to obtain an enzymatic hydrolysate; and (2) adding the water into the enzymatic hydrolysate obtained in the step (1) for filtering, and drying and crushing filter residues to obtain the dietary fibers. The dietary fibers obtained by using the method are high in purity, good in physico-chemical functional property, and safe and reliable for eating; and according to the method, the extraction process is simple, the enzymolysis time is short, the cost is low, and small types of enzymes are required so that the method is suitable for industrial application.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of method of extracting dietary fiber.
Background technology
China's sweet potato resource is very abundant, and cultivated area and output all occupy first place in the world, and is to list in paddy, corn, wheat the fourth-largest cereal crops afterwards, occupies critical positions in national economy.China sweet potato is mainly used in preparation starch, can produce a large amount of waste residues in its production process.Contain a large amount of dietary fibers in the sweet potato waste residue, and dietary fiber has the function of intestinal canal of enhancing, prevents constipation, controls body weight, reduces multiple functional activities such as blood cholesterol levels content, angiocardiopathy preventing.Yet the most of sweet potato dregs of China is used to raise livestock at present, and some is directly abandoned, and has caused the serious wasting of resources and environmental pollution.Therefore, it is extremely urgent to seek a kind of technology of extracting dietary fiber from sweet potato dregs simple and easy, practical, with low cost.
Enzymatic isolation method is to extract the most frequently used method of dietary fiber.Sun Jian etc. utilize AMS, trypsase and carbohydrase successfully to extract dietary fiber from sweet potato dregs and its characteristic are studied.Zhang Lingling etc. utilize the method for heat-resistant alpha-amylase, amyloglucosidase and protease hydrolyzed to extract dietary fiber from a plurality of kind sweet potatoes.Wu Shaofu etc. extract dietary fiber by the method for adding amylase, carbohydrase and papain, and its purity and expansive force are analyzed after the potato slag is heated gelatinization.The analytical chemistry Shi Xiehui AOAC991.43 of U.S. official " the enzyme gravimetry of total in the food, solubility and insoluble diedairy fiber " is a dietary fiber quantitative approach commonly used at present, and this method also is to adopt high temperature resistant AMS, protease and amyloglucosidase to extract dietary fiber continuously.Yet, adopt plurality of enzymes continuous enzymolysis method to extract dietary fiber, technology is loaded down with trivial details, cost is higher, and can be owing to a large amount of salt ions is sneaked in the adjusting of the suitable pH value of enzyme.Therefore, single Enzymatic Extraction dietary fiber has caused people's attention gradually.The report that single Enzymatic Extraction Rhizoma Dioscoreae esculentae dietary fiber is not arranged at present as yet.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of this invention is to provide a kind of method of extracting dietary fiber.
The method of extraction dietary fiber provided by the invention comprises the steps:
1) raw material, water and the enzyme mixing that will contain starch carries out enzymolysis, obtains enzymolysis liquid;
2) step 1) gained enzymolysis liquid is added water and filter, pulverize after getting filter residue and drying, obtain described dietary fiber.
In the described step 1) of said method, the raw material that contains starch is fruits and vegetables or cereal crops, specifically is selected from least a in sweet potato, corn, potato, wheat, cassava, purple potato, water chestnut, the root of kudzu vine and the mung bean.Raw materials usedly can be dried or wet raw material, can be crude starch type crop, also can make the slag charge after the starch production; Specifically can be the dried potato slag or the wet potato slag that obtain after the sweet potato starch production;
In the described step 1),, used enzyme is high temperature resistant AMS, is specially Suhong AA Plus AMS, can be available from Novozymes company, lot number is AYSG4099; The enzyme of described enzyme is lived to 30000-40000U/mL, is specially 39531U/mL, and enzyme work is the linear module of enzyme activity.1 enzyme activity unit is meant under given conditions, can transform the enzyme amount of 1 micromole's substrate in 1 minute.
In the described step 1), the quality that contains the raw material of starch is all calculated with butt; The amount ratio of the consumption of water and the raw material of starch is 20-40ml/g, is specially 23ml/g;
The amount ratio of described enzyme-to-substrate (raw material that also promptly contains starch) is specially 12.5 μ l/g than for 0.02-62.5 μ l/g;
The hydrolysis temperature of described enzyme is 60-100 ℃, is specially 70 ℃ or 80 ℃ or 90 ℃ or 100 ℃ or 80-100 ℃ or 80-90 ℃ or 70-100 ℃ or 90-100 ℃;
The enzymolysis time of described enzyme is 15-60min, is specially 52min.
Described step 2) in, the volume ratio of water and enzymolysis liquid is 0-2: 1, and the consumption of described water is not 0.
Described step 2) in, the filter opening diameter of filtration step is the 80-500 order, is specially 200 orders.
Described step 2) in, drying device is selected from least a in baking oven, pneumatic drier and the roller drier.
Concrete parameter:
The actual conditions of oven drying is as follows: the control oven temperature is 40-105 ℃, is specially 60 ℃; Charging humidity can be 0-100%, and discharging humidity is controlled to be 0-10%; Time is 10-14 hour, is specially 12 hours;
The actual conditions of pneumatic drier drying is as follows: inlet temperature 130-300 ℃, be specially 180 ℃, and outlet temperature is controlled at 30-60 ℃, is specially 50 ℃, and charging humidity is controlled to be 0-60%, and discharging humidity is controlled to be 0-10%.
The actual conditions of roller drier drying is as follows: gasinlet temperature 400-600 ℃, be specially 500 ℃, and charging humidity is controlled to be 0-50%, and discharging humidity is controlled to be 0-10%.
Described step 2) in, described pulverising step comprises ultramicro grinding; Because dietary fiber slag hardness is bigger,, carries out the degree of depth with micronizer again and pulverize so available pair roller pulverizer is tentatively pulverized; Used reducing mechanism is selected from least a in pair roller pulverizer, micronizer, airslide disintegrating mill and the grinder.The order numerical control of pulverizing the back product is built in the 80-400 order, preferred 200 orders.
Method of the present invention has the following advantages:
1, this method is simpler than traditional enzymatic isolation method technology, and required enzyme class is few, and enzymolysis time is short, need not to regulate pH in the enzymolysis process, has refused sneaking into of inorganic ion, and is with low cost;
2, the Rhizoma Dioscoreae esculentae dietary fiber product purity of this method extraction is higher, follows in the time of filtering means dehydration to add water, thereby has reduced the content of soluble sugar in the product, and materialization and functional character are better, are a kind of diet fiber health-care products of high-quality;
3, extraction process only relates to enzymatic vessel, plate and frame filter press, baking oven or pneumatic drier, pair roller pulverizer and micronizer, and equipment is simple, kind is few, cost is low, easy operating and commercial application.
4, be that raw material extracts Rhizoma Dioscoreae esculentae dietary fiber with the potato slag behind starch type sweet potato variety " the close I of choosing number " the extraction starch, gained Rhizoma Dioscoreae esculentae dietary fiber recovery rate is 94.02%, and the purity of Rhizoma Dioscoreae esculentae dietary fiber product is more than 90%.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the sweet potato dregs original state.
Fig. 2 for sweet potato dregs size mixing the back state.
Fig. 3 is a Rhizoma Dioscoreae esculentae dietary fiber enzymolysis liquid state behind the enzymolysis.
Fig. 4 is for filtering the state of the wet Rhizoma Dioscoreae esculentae dietary fiber product in back.
The Rhizoma Dioscoreae esculentae dietary fiber slag of Fig. 5 for obtaining after the drying.
The Rhizoma Dioscoreae esculentae dietary fiber product of Fig. 6 for obtaining after pulverizing.
Fig. 7 be in the Rhizoma Dioscoreae esculentae dietary fiber product content of starch along with the variation relation of enzyme-to-substrate concentration ratio.
Fig. 8 be in the Rhizoma Dioscoreae esculentae dietary fiber product content of starch with the variation relation of hydrolysis temperature.
The specific embodiment
The present invention is further elaborated below in conjunction with specific embodiment, but the present invention is not limited to following examples.Described method is conventional method if no special instructions.Described raw material all can get from open commercial sources if no special instructions.The used high temperature resistant AMS of following embodiment is Suhong AA Plus AMS, and available from Novozymes company, lot number is AYSG4099.The raw materials used sweet potato dregs that is, sweet potato variety are starch type kind " the close I of choosing number ", and available from Beijing Miyun, sweet potato dregs is the waste residue that sweet potato starch processing produces, and its basis sees Table 1.
The basic chemical composition (%) of table 1 sweet potato dregs
1) accurately takes by weighing 1.0g sweet potato dregs (as shown in Figure 1), the sample that weighs up is placed the triangular flask that has the glass bottle stopper, add 40mL water be diluted to liquid-solid ratio (also being the consumption of water and the amount ratio of sweet potato dregs) for 40mL/g, material object as shown in Figure 2, again respectively according to 0.02 μ l/g, 0.1 μ l/g, 0.5 μ l/g, 2.5 μ l/g, 12.5 the enzyme-to-substrate concentration ratio of μ l/g and 62.5 μ l/g (also being the consumption and the amount ratio that contains the raw material of starch of enzyme and water) adds, and enzyme is alive to be the high temperature resistant AMS of 39531U/mL, places the constant temperature water bath oscillator to carry out enzymolysis 15min in 100 ℃ and obtains enzymolysis liquid (as shown in Figure 3);
2) water of 2 times of volumes will be added in the step 1) gained enzymolysis liquid, filter with crucible, the filter opening diameter of crucible is 200 orders, and getting filter residue, to carry out temperature with baking oven air-dry dry, baking temperature is 60 ℃, time is 12h, and charging humidity is 82.24%, and discharging humidity is 8%, the material object of Rhizoma Dioscoreae esculentae dietary fiber slag as shown in Figure 5 after the gained drying, carrying out ultramicro grinding to order number with Universalpulverizer again is 200 orders, obtains the Rhizoma Dioscoreae esculentae dietary fiber product, and photo in kind as shown in Figure 6.
In this Rhizoma Dioscoreae esculentae dietary fiber product content of starch and dietary fiber purity along with the variation relation of enzyme-to-substrate concentration ratio as shown in Figure 7.X=log
5(50A), in the X=0-4 scope, content of starch reduces along with the increase of enzyme-to-substrate concentration ratio in the sweet potato dregs, and the dietary fiber purity in the sweet potato dregs increases along with the increase of enzyme-to-substrate concentration ratio.When X 〉=4, along with the increase of enzyme-to-substrate concentration ratio, the variation of content of starch and dietary fiber purity is not obvious in the sweet potato dregs.When X=4, corresponding enzyme-to-substrate concentration ratio is 12.5 μ l/g.
According to the method identical with embodiment 1, enzyme-to-substrate concentration ratio (also being the consumption and the amount ratio that contains the raw material of starch of enzyme and water) is fixed as 12.5 μ l/g, hydrolysis temperature is replaced with 60 ℃, 70 ℃, 80 ℃ and 90 ℃ successively, obtain the Rhizoma Dioscoreae esculentae dietary fiber product.
Content of starch with the variation relation of hydrolysis temperature as shown in Figure 8 in this Rhizoma Dioscoreae esculentae dietary fiber product.At hydrolysis temperature in 60-80 ℃ of scope, the rising of content of starch temperature in the sweet potato dregs and reducing, and the dietary fiber purity in the sweet potato dregs increases along with the rising of temperature.When X 〉=80 ℃, along with the rising of temperature, the two changes and is not obvious.
According to the method identical with embodiment 1, liquid-solid ratio (also being the consumption of water and the amount ratio of sweet potato dregs) is fixed as 23ml/g, and the amount ratio of enzyme and sweet potato dregs is fixed as 12.5 μ l/g, and hydrolysis temperature is fixed as 80 ℃, enzymolysis time is fixed as 52min, obtains the Rhizoma Dioscoreae esculentae dietary fiber product.
The assay method and the result of each component content are as follows in this Rhizoma Dioscoreae esculentae dietary fiber product:
Albumen, fat, ash content, determination of moisture: determining the protein quantity adopts Kjeldahl, conversion coefficient 6.25 with reference to AOAC955.04; Ash content test is with reference to AOAC923.03, and sample places 550 ℃ of ashing 2h of Muffle furnace, and residual residue and example weight ratio are content of ashes; The determination of fat is adopted soxhlet extraction with reference to AOAC960.39.Sample is in 105 ℃ of placement 4h, and the weight loss after the constant weight is moisture.
The starch test method:
1) the 100mg sample places 15mL tool plug centrifuge tube, adds 10mL80% ethanol, abundant mixing, and behind 80 ℃ of following water-bath 10min, the centrifugal 10min of 3000g, collecting precipitation, 80% ethanol repeated washing 3 times, centrifuge tube is used for next step analysis together with the precipitation oven dry.
2) with the wetting dry postprecipitation of 0.2mL80% ethanol, the back adds the heat-resisting high-temperature of 3.0mL, places boiling water to react 6min immediately behind the whirlpool instrument mixing.
3) test tube is placed 50 ℃ of water-bath balance 5min, add the 0.1mL amyloglucosidase, abundant mixing, 50 ℃ of following waters 30min.
4) liquid in the test tube is settled to 100mL, the centrifugal 10min of suspension 3000rpm behind the constant volume collects supernatant.
5) get the centrifugal back of 0.1mL supernatant and add 3ml GOPOD, 50 ℃ of waters 20min, 510nm measure also record light absorption value, with D-glucose as standard items.
The result calculates:
Starch (%)=Δ A * F * FV * 0.9/W
Δ A: sample absorbance
F:100/D-glucose table product absorbance
FV:100 or 1000 determines according to constant volume
W: the quality of weighing sample powder
The mensuration of soluble sugar content: the 1) making of calibration curve: add the 1ml9% phenol solution in vitro, shake up, add the 5ml concentrated sulfuric acid from pipe liquid front with 5-20S again, shake up.The color solution cumulative volume is 8ml, at room temperature places 30min, colorimetric.Be reference then with the blank, colorimetric under the 485nm wavelength is an abscissa with sugared content, and absorbance is an ordinate, and the drawing standard curve is obtained the standard straight-line equation.2) take by weighing the 0.10g sample, add 10ml distilled water, plastic sheeting seals, and extracts 30min in boiling water, and extracting liquid filtering is gone in the 25ml volumetric flask, and rinsing test tube and residue are settled to scale repeatedly.3) measure: draw the 0.5ml sample liquid in test tube, adding distil water 1.5ml with the step of production standard curve, adds phenol, concentrated sulfuric acid solution respectively in order, and colour developing is also measured absorbance.Find the amount of sugar by calibration curve.
The result calculates
Soluble sugar content (%)=check in sugared amount (μ g) * extracting liquid volume (ml) * extension rate/[volume of test sample liquid (ml) * example weight (g) * 10 from calibration curve
6] * 100
The dietary fiber constituent is measured:
1) sample 10g is dissolved in the 200ml distilled water, is made into suspension, and 100 ℃ of insulation 20min take out cooling then, add the hac buffer 50ml that contains 0.2mg/ml AMS and 0.01M calcium chloride.Also with distilled water, methyl alcohol, acetone washing, oven dry obtains the pure product of dietary fiber to centrifugal collecting precipitation, is used for its chemical composition analysis behind 60 ℃ of insulation 30min.
2) the 2g cell wall substance extracts with the 500ml0.25% ammonium oxalate solution under 90 ℃ condition.Residue distilled water, methyl alcohol, acetone washing back oven dry is weighed.Extract is weighed after the freeze-drying through dialysis, obtains pectic substance C1.The slag that comes unstuck at room temperature extracts 18h with the 4M potassium hydroxide solution that contains 0.1% sodium borohydride.The alkalescence extract with in the acetic acid and after, dialysis, freeze-drying get hemicellulose C2.
Residue washs the dry C3 of getting in back with distilled water, methyl alcohol, acetone.
C3 adds 72% sulfuric acid and slowly stirs a night in refrigerator for 4 ℃, filtration drying weigh C4.Wherein content of ashes is C5.Content of lignin is C4-C5, and content of cellulose is C3-C4-C5.
The result calculates:
Cellulose, hemicellulose, lignin and pectin is ratio * 100 of dry weight and four dry weight summations separately, are the ratio DF of each comfortable dietary fiber in constituting.
The monose composition measuring: the hydrolysis of diet fiber product is with reference to the method for Salvador etc., 5mg dietary fiber sample dispersion is in the sulfuric acid solution of 1mL12M, handle 1h down for 30 ℃, with deionized water it is diluted to 1M subsequently, place boiling water bath to react 3h, be cooled to room temperature after, hydrolyzate is with the neutralization of 6M sodium hydroxide solution, with deionized water it is settled to 50mL at last, places 4 ℃ to descend to be measured.
The monose determining instrument is the ICS-3000Bio-LC system of Dionex company, and the pillar model is that (250 * 4mm) are equipped with a CarboPac guard column (25 * 4mm) to CarboPac PA10 simultaneously.Applied sample amount 20 μ l, 30 ℃ of detected temperatures, eluent flow rate is 1.0mL/min.Elution program is: 4mM sodium hydroxide solution wash-out 25min neutral sugar, gradient elution uronic acid then, elution time 15min, concentration of sodium hydroxide solution is 100mM in the final eluent, SAS concentration is 170mM, before the next sample introduction, pillar is used 4mM sodium hydroxide solution balance 10min again with 200mM sodium hydroxide solution flushing 10min.Signal detection is carried out with the pulse ampere detector, different electromotive force E1=0.1V, E2=0.1V, E3=0.1V, E4=-2V, E5=-2V, E6=0.6V, be T1=0s the time delay that E7=-0.1V, E8=-0.1V use respectively, T2=0.20s, T3=0.40s, T4=0.41s, T5=0.42s, T6=0.43s, T7=0.44s, T8=0.50s, sensitivity 1 μ C.
The basic chemical composition of this Rhizoma Dioscoreae esculentae dietary fiber product sees Table 2.
The basic chemical composition (%) of table 2, Rhizoma Dioscoreae esculentae dietary fiber product
As shown in Table 2, the purity of gained diet fiber product reaches more than 92% after this PROCESS FOR TREATMENT, and the starch in the product almost hydrolysis is complete.
The dietary fiber formation of this Rhizoma Dioscoreae esculentae dietary fiber product sees Table 3.
The constituent of table 3, dietary fiber (%)
As shown in Table 3, cellulose is the main composition composition of Rhizoma Dioscoreae esculentae dietary fiber, secondly is pectin and lignin, the ratio minimum of hemicellulose.
The measurement result of monose sees Table 4 in this Rhizoma Dioscoreae esculentae dietary fiber product.
The monose of table 4, Rhizoma Dioscoreae esculentae dietary fiber product is formed (%)
As shown in Table 4, it is glucose that the main monose of Rhizoma Dioscoreae esculentae dietary fiber is formed, and its source mainly is a cellulose.Next is galacturonic acid and galactolipin, mainly take second place from the polygalacturonic acid in the pectin (HG), rhamnose galacturonic acid glycan I (RG I), rhamnose galacturonic acid glycan II (RG II) and wood sugar galacturonic acid glycan (XG) group wood sugar content, its main source is the hemicellulose in the Rhizoma Dioscoreae esculentae dietary fiber.
Claims (8)
1. a method of extracting dietary fiber comprises the steps:
1) raw material, water and the enzyme mixing that will contain starch carries out enzymolysis, obtains enzymolysis liquid;
2) step 1) gained enzymolysis liquid is added water and filter, pulverize after getting filter residue and drying, obtain described dietary fiber.
2. method according to claim 1 is characterized in that: in the described step 1), the raw material that contains starch is fruits and vegetables or cereal crops, specifically is selected from least a in sweet potato, corn, potato, wheat, cassava, purple potato, water chestnut, the root of kudzu vine and the mung bean.
3. method according to claim 1 and 2 is characterized in that: in the described step 1) enzymolysis step, used enzyme is high temperature resistant AMS, is specially Suhong AA Plus AMS; Or,
The enzyme of described enzyme is lived to 30000U/mL-40000U/mL, is specially 39531U/mL.
4. according to the arbitrary described method of claim 1-3, it is characterized in that: in the described step 1), the described quality that contains the raw material of starch is all calculated with butt;
The consumption of described water is 20-40ml/g with the amount ratio that contains the raw material of starch, is specially 23ml/g; Or,
Described enzyme is 10-20 μ l/g with the amount ratio that contains the raw material of starch, is specially 12.5 μ l/g.
5. according to the arbitrary described method of claim 1-4, it is characterized in that: in the described step 1) enzymolysis step, temperature is 60-100 ℃, is specially 80 ℃; Or,
Time is 15-60min, is specially 52min.
6. according to the arbitrary described method of claim 1-5, it is characterized in that: described step 2), the volume ratio of water and enzymolysis liquid is 0-2: 1, and the consumption of described water is not 0.
7. according to the arbitrary described method of claim 1-6, it is characterized in that: described step 2) in the filtration step, the diameter of filter opening is the 80-500 order, is specially 200 orders.
8. according to the arbitrary described method of claim 1-7, it is characterized in that: described step 2) in the pulverising step, the order number after the pulverizing is the 80-400 order, is specially 200 orders.
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Cited By (6)
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| CN104605377A (en) * | 2015-02-17 | 2015-05-13 | 彭常安 | Production method of purple sweet potato dreg dietary fibers |
| CN104687067A (en) * | 2015-02-10 | 2015-06-10 | 贵州省紫薏生物科技有限责任公司 | Purple sweet potato dietary fibers and preparation method thereof |
| CN106136250A (en) * | 2016-06-25 | 2016-11-23 | 丁玉琴 | A kind of method utilizing sweet potato waste to prepare soluble dietary fiber |
| CN109363124A (en) * | 2018-12-10 | 2019-02-22 | 江苏徐淮地区徐州农业科学研究所(江苏徐州甘薯研究中心) | A kind of method and application preparing potato dregs dietary fiber using cylinder drying |
| CN109892554A (en) * | 2019-01-25 | 2019-06-18 | 浙江工商大学 | A kind of extracting method of dried fish floss dietary fiber |
| CN111220604A (en) * | 2019-12-06 | 2020-06-02 | 东北农业大学 | Method for measuring total starch content in meat product |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN106136250A (en) * | 2016-06-25 | 2016-11-23 | 丁玉琴 | A kind of method utilizing sweet potato waste to prepare soluble dietary fiber |
| CN109363124A (en) * | 2018-12-10 | 2019-02-22 | 江苏徐淮地区徐州农业科学研究所(江苏徐州甘薯研究中心) | A kind of method and application preparing potato dregs dietary fiber using cylinder drying |
| CN109892554A (en) * | 2019-01-25 | 2019-06-18 | 浙江工商大学 | A kind of extracting method of dried fish floss dietary fiber |
| CN111220604A (en) * | 2019-12-06 | 2020-06-02 | 东北农业大学 | Method for measuring total starch content in meat product |
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