CN103247395B - A kind of multi-layer high gradient insulator and preparation method thereof - Google Patents

A kind of multi-layer high gradient insulator and preparation method thereof Download PDF

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CN103247395B
CN103247395B CN201310148286.3A CN201310148286A CN103247395B CN 103247395 B CN103247395 B CN 103247395B CN 201310148286 A CN201310148286 A CN 201310148286A CN 103247395 B CN103247395 B CN 103247395B
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insulator
layer
insulation
high gradient
mould
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CN103247395A (en
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柯昌凤
刘文元
陈昌华
宋玮
汤俊平
段荔
薛西民
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Northwest Institute of Nuclear Technology
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Abstract

The invention discloses a kind of multi-layer high gradient insulator for high voltage pulse power source and preparation method thereof.One of which multi-layer high gradient insulator, it is characterized in that embedding regularly sheet conducting layer in the insulator body that insulant is made, insulator is except being made up of insulation material layer and conductive material layer in the certain depth of top layer, side, and inside is made up of single insulant.The present invention by embedding conductive layer array in insulator side, inhibit secondary electron emission characteristic and the surface charge accumulation of insulator surface, improve the vacuum edge flashing characteristic of insulator, improve the surface breakdown voltage of insulator, overcome insulation material layer and conductive material layer mechanics, the unmatched problem of thermal property, and significantly reduce technology difficulty and cost prepared by multi-layer high gradient insulator.

Description

A kind of multi-layer high gradient insulator and preparation method thereof
Technical field
The invention belongs to high-voltage insulation techniques field, be specifically related to that a kind of to have excellent vacuum insulation performance many Layer high-gradient insulator and preparation technology thereof.
Background technology
Insulator is a kind of for electric insulation with the parts that are mechanically fixed, and its effect is by different potentials Electric conductor is mechanically connected with each other, at electrically mutually insulated.Along with the development of science and technology, insulator Edge flashing phenomenon become the outstanding problem faced in vacuum electrical equipment, edge flashing makes insulator Voltage endurance capability far below its bulk breakdown voltage, and be significantly less than the vacuum gap of same distance.Along with Gao Gong What rate pulse technique acted in national economy and national defense construction highlights day by day, many large-scale tip device, as High-power microwave source, high current particle beam accelerator, high intensity x-ray source, high power pulsed laser etc., These vacuum high-pressure devices develop to more power, high power capacity, the direction of miniaturization, and this is to vacuum insulation device Part edge flashing intensity is had higher requirement, and therefore has the insulator of good vacuum insulation flashover property Research has great importance.
The generation of vacuum insulation edge flashing phenomenon, seriously governs the voltage endurance capability of high pressure vacuum equipment, shadow The equipment of sound is properly functioning, even causes huge loss.It is reported, during Stanford Univ USA linearly accelerates Accelerator in the klystron of the heart, high-energy physics National Laboratory of Japan and the accelerator of USDOE were the most once There is the failure of insulation caused due to vacuum insulator edge flashing phenomenon, and made large-scale tip device by broken Bad, cause huge economic loss.Researcher improves dodging along face of insulator by multiple method both at home and abroad Network characteristic, such as mechanical polishing, electric spark process, laser ablation, surface doping, preparation coating or thin film etc. Multiple method, multiple method has certain effect, but all has that increase rate is little, reliability is the highest or table The defects such as the surface layer life-span is short.
The nineties in 20th century, J.M.Elizondo of Tetra company of the U.S. et al. is based on vacuum edge flashing Small-gap suture effect, from control insulant surface charge and suppression secondary electron collapse angle, have developed High gradient insulator, it is alternately stacked with insulation material layer by the conductive material layer of little thickness and forms.This insulation The relatively conventional form of structure has more excellent body and punctures and surface flashover characteristics, and edge flashing voltage improves Significantly, being 1.5 to 4 times of conventional insulators, the highest experimental result is up to 300kV/cm.U.S. Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory improves processing technology in the later stage nineties 20th century, makes micro-stack layers insulation theory Significantly progress is achieved with technique.But the multi-layer high gradient insulator preparation method of open report is to use shape The insulation material layer of shape identical (except for the thickness) and conductive layer are alternately stacked reheating sintering curing and form, this Kind structure design and moulding process face a major issue and are exactly: insulation material layer (generally pottery or poly- Compound) do not mate on mechanics and thermal property with conductive layer (generally metal), after sintering curing, material Adhesion between material is poor, but under active usage conditions, insulator is except playing the work of isolation high-low voltage With outward, also need to play the effect of mechanical support part, it is desirable to have certain mechanical property and reliability;It addition, In large-scale vacuum high tension unit, insulator sizes is big, uses original multi-layer high gradient insulator technology, for Realize effective combination of insulation material layer and conductive material layer, need at higher temperature and pressure compacted under, Under these conditions, easily there is bigger deformation in insulation material layer or conductive material layer, is easily caused many floor heights ladder There is fault of construction in degree insulator, wants to prepare multilayer insulation of practicality, proposes process conditions very Harsh requirement, multi-layer high gradient insulator manufacture difficulty is big, and cost is high.
Summary of the invention
The present invention devises a kind of has insulant/conductive layer alternate laminated structure on top layer, insulated working face High-gradient insulator and preparation method thereof, both make use of general multi-layer high gradient insulator edge flashing voltage high Advantage, overcome again that original multi-layer high gradient insulator poor mechanical property, moulding process difficulty be big, cost High defect.
In order to achieve the above object, present invention provide the technical scheme that
A kind of multi-layer high gradient insulator, makes insulator body including insulant, and described insulator is originally Body 1 includes side and upper and lower two supporting surfaces, is characterized in that, described insulator body has been embedded in many Layer sheet conducting layer, described conductive layer is parallel with supporting surface, and the outside of conductive layer and/or inner side are with insulator originally The side of body is concordant, and the area of described conductive layer is less than the 1/2 of insulator supporting surface area.
Above-mentioned insulant is aluminium oxide ceramics, epoxy resin, politef, polyimides or polyphenyl Ethylene;Above-mentioned conductive layer is rustless steel, copper, aluminum or conducting resinl.
The number of plies of above-mentioned conductive layer (2) is more than 3;The thickness of above-mentioned conductive layer and the ratio of conductive layer spacing Less than 1/3.
The number of plies preferably 10~100 of above-mentioned conductive layer (2);The thickness of above-mentioned conductive layer and conductive layer spacing Ratio preferably 1/100~1/10.
The thickness of above-mentioned conductive layer is 0.01~0.5mm, and the spacing of adjacent conductive layer is 0.1~2mm.
Above-mentioned insulator structure is cylindrical or annular or truncated cone-shaped.
The first prepares the method for multi-layer high gradient insulator, comprises the following steps:
[1] according to the shape of processed insulator, processing sheet of insulation and annular conductive material piece;
[2] by sheet of insulation and annular conductive material piece alternative stacked one by one, put in corresponding mould;
[3] mould and sheet of insulation, annular conductive material piece are put in heater, exist in heating simultaneously Applying pressure on mould, be heating and curing molding by multilayer material in mould;
[4] is polished or machining in the multi-layer high gradient insulator side of molding, remove surface layer defect.
The second prepares the method for multi-layer high gradient insulator, comprises the following steps:
[1] according to the shape of processed insulator, sheet of insulation is processed;
[2] with electrocondution slurry as conductive material, silk-screen printing technique is used, at sheet of insulation one side printing ring Shape conductive material layer, be heating and curing formation annular conductive material layer;
[3] by the sheet of insulation that is printed with annular conductive material layer during successively heap poststack puts into corresponding mould;
[4] sheet of insulation after processing in mould and step [2] is put in heater, exists in heating simultaneously Applying pressure on mould, be heating and curing molding by multilayer material in mould;
[5] is polished or machining in the multi-layer high gradient insulator side of molding, remove surface layer defect.
The third prepares the method for multi-layer high gradient insulator, comprises the following steps:
[1] according to the shape of processed insulator, sheet of insulation is processed;
[2] vacuum evaporation process is used, at sheet of insulation one side evaporation annular metal thin film;
[3] by the sheet of insulation after vapor deposition treatment during successively heap poststack puts into corresponding mould;
[4] sheet of insulation after mould and vapor deposition treatment is put in heater, in heating simultaneously at mould Upper applying pressure, be heating and curing molding by multilayer material in mould;
[5] is polished or machining in the multi-layer high gradient insulator side of molding, remove surface layer defect.
The device have the advantages that as follows:
1, the present invention multilayer insulation, except in the certain depth of top layer, side by insulation material layer and conductive material Outside layer is constituted, inside is made up of single insulant, makes the overall mechanical property of insulator and single block Insulator body is consistent, and the insulator edge flashing voltage obtained is high, and mechanical property is good;
2, by embedding conductive layer array in insulator side, it is suppressed that the secondary of insulator surface Characteristic and surface charge accumulation, improve the vacuum edge flashing characteristic of insulator, improve the table of insulator Face breakdown voltage, edge flashing voltage is common insulator 1.5~3 times of this insulator;
3, the multi-layer high gradient insulator in the present invention uses the method for designing of ring-shaped conductive layer, with original multilamellar High-gradient insulator is compared, and overcomes insulation material layer and conductive material layer mechanics, thermal property unmatched Problem, substantially increases mechanical property and the reliability under actual application conditions of insulator;
4, the novel structure that the present invention uses designs and forming method, significantly reduces the insulation of multilamellar high gradient The technology difficulty of son preparation and cost.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the schematic cross-section of cylindrical multi-layer high gradient insulator in the present invention;
Fig. 2 is the schematic cross-section of annular multi-layer high gradient insulator in the present invention;
Fig. 3 is by method 1 in the present invention) prepare the sub flow process of column multilayer insulation and structural representation;
Fig. 4 is by method 2 in the present invention) prepare the sub flow process of column multilayer insulation and structural representation;
Fig. 5 is by method 3 in the present invention) prepare flow process and the structural representation of annular multilayer insulator.
Detailed description of the invention
Cylindrical multi-layer high gradient insulator as shown in Figure 1, makes insulator body 1 including insulant, Insulator body 1 includes upper and lower two supporting surfaces 3a, 3b and side, and insulator body 1 has been embedded in multilamellar Sheet conducting layer 2, conductive layer 2 is annular flake, and conductive layer 2 is parallel with supporting surface 3a, 3b, conductive layer The outside of 2 is concordant with the side of insulator body, say, that the outside of conductive layer is put down with the cylinder face of cylinder Together, this damascene structures, it is suppressed that the secondary electron emission characteristic of insulator surface and surface charge accumulation, Improve the vacuum edge flashing characteristic of insulator, improve the surface breakdown voltage of insulator;Conduct electricity simultaneously The area of layer 2, less than the 1/2 of insulator supporting surface 3a, 3b area, so can ensure that the core of insulator is equal It is made up of single insulant, the basic guarantee overall mechanical property of device.
Annular multi-layer high gradient insulator as shown in Figure 2, similar with the structure of Fig. 1, difference is, Same conductive layer 2 is made up of internal ring and outer shroud, and the inner side of internal ring is flat with the endoporus of annular insulator body Together, the outside of outer shroud is concordant with the outer of annular insulator body, it is ensured that the vacuum of insulator is dodged along face Network characteristic, core is constituted by single insulant, it is ensured that the overall mechanical property of device.
In above-mentioned multi-layer high gradient insulator insulant be aluminium oxide ceramics, epoxy resin, politef, Polyimides or polystyrene;Conductive layer is rustless steel, copper, aluminum or conducting resinl.The wherein number of plies of conductive layer Generally higher than 3, preferably 10~100;Wherein the thickness of conductive layer is 0.01~0.5mm, between adjacent conductive layer Away from for 0.1~2mm.Generally the thickness of conductive layer and the ratio of conductive layer spacing are less than 1/3, preferred ratio It is 1/100~1/10.
Several preparation methoies of multi-layer high gradient insulator in 3,4, the 5 explanation present invention below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings:
Method 1): (a) is according to shape required under insulator application conditions, processing sheet of insulation and conduction material Material ring;B) by sheet of insulation and conductive material ring alternative stacked one by one, put in corresponding mould;C) will Above-mentioned mould and material are put in suitable heater, apply certain pressure while heating on mould, Be heating and curing molding by multilayer material in mould;D the multi-layer high gradient insulator side of molding is fitted by () When polishing or machining, remove surface layer defect.
Method 2): (a), according to shape required under insulator application conditions, processes sheet of insulation;(b) With electrocondution slurry as conductive material, use silk-screen printing technique, at sheet of insulation one side printing annular conductive Pulp layer, is heating and curing;C the sheet of insulation successively heap poststack being printed with annular conductive layer material is put by () Enter in corresponding mould;D above-mentioned mould and material are put in suitable heater by (), while heating Applying certain pressure on mould, be heating and curing molding by multilayer material in mould;E () is by the multilamellar of molding High-gradient insulator side carries out suitable polishing or machining, removes surface layer defect.
Method 3): other step and method 2) identical, wherein step (b) changes into: use vacuum evaporation work Skill, at sheet of insulation one side evaporation annular metal thin film.
Embodiment 1:
1) with 1mm thickness polystyrene (PS) sheet material as insulant, with 0.02mm thickness stainless steel foil it is Conductive material, cuts into the disk of Ф 40.0mm by PS sheet, stainless steel foil is cut into overall diameter 40.0mm, The annulus of wide 1.0mm;2) by above-mentioned PS disk and stainless steel ring alternative stacked one by one, PS totally 10 layers, Stainless steel ring totally 9 layers, puts in internal orifice dimension 40.1mm mould;3) heat that above-mentioned mould and material are put into In pressure device, it is heated to 180 DEG C and is incubated 2h and makes PS material fully melt, mould applying 1MPa's Pressure, be heating and curing molding by multilayer material in mould;4) by the insulator side polishing processing of molding, remove Scalping defect, i.e. obtains the multi-layer high gradient insulator of gross thickness about 10mm, and flow process is shown in Fig. 3.
Embodiment 2:
1) with 0.2mm thick polyimide (PI) sheet material as insulant, with 0.01m thickness stainless steel foil for leading Electric material, cuts into the disk of Ф 40.0mm by PI sheet, stainless steel foil is cut into overall diameter 40.0mm, The annulus of wide 1.0mm;2) by above-mentioned PI disk and stainless steel ring alternative stacked one by one, PI totally 50 layers, no Rust steel loop totally 49 layers, puts in internal orifice dimension 40.1mm mould;3) hot pressing that above-mentioned mould and material are put into In device, it is heated to 430 DEG C and is incubated 2h and makes PI material fully soften, mould applying 30MPa's Pressure, be heating and curing molding by multilayer material in mould;4) by the insulator side polishing processing of molding, remove Scalping defect, i.e. obtains the multi-layer high gradient insulator of gross thickness about 10mm.Flow process is shown in Fig. 3.
Embodiment 3:
1) with 1mm thickness polystyrene (PS) sheet material as insulant, PS sheet is cut into Ф 40.0mm Disk;2) with low-temperature solidified silver paste as conductive material, outside using silk screen print method to print on PS disk Diameter 40.0mm, wide 1.0mm, the annulus of thick 0.01mm, and dry at 100 DEG C;3) by above-mentioned print The PS disk being brushed with conducting ring successively stacks, totally 10 layers, puts in internal orifice dimension 40.1mm mould;4) will In the hot-press arrangement that above-mentioned mould and material are put into, it is heated to 180 DEG C and is incubated 2h and makes PS material fully melt, Applying the pressure of 1MPa on mould, be heating and curing molding by multilayer material in mould;5) exhausted by molding The polishing processing of edge side, removes surface layer defect, i.e. obtains the thick multi-layer high gradient insulator of about 10mm. Flow process is shown in Fig. 4.
Embodiment 4:
Forming method and step are except the 2nd) same as in Example 3 in addition to step, the 2nd) step changes into: with silver for conduction material Material, uses vacuum vapour deposition be deposited with overall diameter 40.0mm, wide 1.0mm, thickness 0.005mm on PS disk Annulus.Flow process is shown in Fig. 4.
Embodiment 5:
1) with 1mm thickness polyphenylene oxide (PPO) sheet material as insulant, PPO sheet is cut into interior diameter 60.0mm, the circular ring plate of overall diameter 100.0m;2) with low-temperature solidified silver paste as conductive material, silk screen is used Print process once property printing overall diameter 100.0mm, wide 2.0mm, annulus of thick 0.01mm on PPO sheet And interior diameter 60.0mm, wide 2.0mm, each one of the annulus of thick 0.01mm, and at 100 DEG C, dry 3) The above-mentioned PPO sheet being printed with conducting resinl is successively stacked, totally 10 layers, put into compact dimensions be internal diameter Ф 59.9, Opening in lobe assembling die of external diameter 100.1;4) in the hot-press arrangement that above-mentioned mould and material are put into, heating To 280 DEG C and be incubated 2h and make PPO material fully soften, mould applies the pressure of 1MPa, by mould Middle multilayer material is heated and cured into the ring-type insulator of internal diameter Ф 59.9, external diameter 100.1;5) by the ring of molding The inside and outside side of shape insulator uses Water Cutting method respectively to excise 1mm width, i.e. obtains about 10mm thick ring-type Multi-layer high gradient insulator.Flow process is shown in Fig. 5.
By multiple insulators of institute's molding in above-described embodiment, at Microsecond grade high voltage pulse, (pulse halfwidth 0.5 is micro- Rice, ceiling voltage 350KV) under carry out vacuum flashover test, experimental result is shown in Table 1.
Table 1 embodiment 1-5 insulator contrasts with other Insulators Used
It should be noted that the new structure multi-layer high gradient insulator technology in the present invention, including its structure With the preparation that forming method is not limited to simple post insulator, other complicated shape such as truncated cone-shaped, ring Shape insulator all can use this technology to prepare multi-layer high gradient insulator.Such as the most ring-type insulator, Each conductive layer uses inside and outside two conducting rings composition that width is the least, insulator inner side and outer side after molding Top layer, face is made up of the insulant being alternately stacked and conductive material, and inside is formed by insulant.

Claims (1)

1. a method for multi-layer high gradient insulator, multi-layer high gradient insulator includes being made up of insulant Insulator body (1), described insulator body (1) include side and upper and lower two supporting surfaces (3a, 3b), described insulator body (1) has been embedded in composite wafer conductive layer (2), described conductive layer (2) Parallel with supporting surface (3a, 3b), the outside of conductive layer (2) and/or inner side and insulator body (1) Side is concordant, and the area of described conductive layer (2) is less than the 1/2 of insulator supporting surface (3a, 3b) area, It is characterized in that: comprise the following steps:
[1] according to the shape of processed insulator, sheet of insulation is processed;
[2] with electrocondution slurry as conductive material, silk-screen printing technique is used, at sheet of insulation one side printing ring Shape conductive material layer, be heating and curing formation annular conductive material layer;
[3] by the sheet of insulation that is printed with annular conductive material layer during successively heap poststack puts into corresponding mould;
[4] sheet of insulation after processing in mould and step [2] is put in heater, exists in heating simultaneously Applying pressure on mould, be heating and curing molding by multilayer material in mould;
[5] is polished or machining in the multi-layer high gradient insulator side of molding, remove surface layer defect.
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CN105261429B (en) * 2015-08-31 2017-04-12 重庆大学 Method for improving alternating current flashover voltage of polyimide film
CN105467281B (en) * 2015-11-19 2018-09-04 西安交通大学 A method of improving solid insulating material surface flashover characteristics
CN105405545B (en) * 2015-12-01 2017-04-26 西安交通大学 Insulator and method for improving surface electric strength of insulator
CN107315137A (en) * 2017-08-14 2017-11-03 中国工程物理研究院流体物理研究所 Insulate micro- stack testing device
CN108269646B (en) * 2018-02-01 2020-08-14 中国科学院电工研究所 Micro-stack-structure insulating material and preparation method and preparation device thereof
CN110136899B (en) * 2019-06-13 2021-07-02 西北核技术研究院 Insulator and preparation method thereof

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