CN1033304A - 屋架及其中的杆件 - Google Patents

屋架及其中的杆件 Download PDF

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CN1033304A
CN1033304A CN88104502A CN88104502A CN1033304A CN 1033304 A CN1033304 A CN 1033304A CN 88104502 A CN88104502 A CN 88104502A CN 88104502 A CN88104502 A CN 88104502A CN 1033304 A CN1033304 A CN 1033304A
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多尔夫·阿伦·迈耶
怀亚特莫德乔·萨德乔诺
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JENCORP NOMINEES Ltd
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    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04BUILDING
    • E04CSTRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
    • E04C3/00Structural elongated elements designed for load-supporting
    • E04C3/02Joists; Girders, trusses, or trusslike structures, e.g. prefabricated; Lintels; Transoms; Braces
    • E04C3/04Joists; Girders, trusses, or trusslike structures, e.g. prefabricated; Lintels; Transoms; Braces of metal
    • E04C3/06Joists; Girders, trusses, or trusslike structures, e.g. prefabricated; Lintels; Transoms; Braces of metal with substantially solid, i.e. unapertured, web
    • E04C3/07Joists; Girders, trusses, or trusslike structures, e.g. prefabricated; Lintels; Transoms; Braces of metal with substantially solid, i.e. unapertured, web at least partly of bent or otherwise deformed strip- or sheet-like material
    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04BUILDING
    • E04CSTRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
    • E04C3/00Structural elongated elements designed for load-supporting
    • E04C3/02Joists; Girders, trusses, or trusslike structures, e.g. prefabricated; Lintels; Transoms; Braces
    • E04C3/04Joists; Girders, trusses, or trusslike structures, e.g. prefabricated; Lintels; Transoms; Braces of metal
    • E04C3/11Joists; Girders, trusses, or trusslike structures, e.g. prefabricated; Lintels; Transoms; Braces of metal with non-parallel upper and lower edges, e.g. roof trusses
    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04BUILDING
    • E04CSTRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
    • E04C3/00Structural elongated elements designed for load-supporting
    • E04C3/02Joists; Girders, trusses, or trusslike structures, e.g. prefabricated; Lintels; Transoms; Braces
    • E04C3/04Joists; Girders, trusses, or trusslike structures, e.g. prefabricated; Lintels; Transoms; Braces of metal
    • E04C2003/0404Joists; Girders, trusses, or trusslike structures, e.g. prefabricated; Lintels; Transoms; Braces of metal beams, girders, or joists characterised by cross-sectional aspects
    • E04C2003/0408Joists; Girders, trusses, or trusslike structures, e.g. prefabricated; Lintels; Transoms; Braces of metal beams, girders, or joists characterised by cross-sectional aspects characterised by assembly or the cross-section
    • E04C2003/0421Joists; Girders, trusses, or trusslike structures, e.g. prefabricated; Lintels; Transoms; Braces of metal beams, girders, or joists characterised by cross-sectional aspects characterised by assembly or the cross-section comprising one single unitary part
    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04BUILDING
    • E04CSTRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
    • E04C3/00Structural elongated elements designed for load-supporting
    • E04C3/02Joists; Girders, trusses, or trusslike structures, e.g. prefabricated; Lintels; Transoms; Braces
    • E04C3/04Joists; Girders, trusses, or trusslike structures, e.g. prefabricated; Lintels; Transoms; Braces of metal
    • E04C2003/0404Joists; Girders, trusses, or trusslike structures, e.g. prefabricated; Lintels; Transoms; Braces of metal beams, girders, or joists characterised by cross-sectional aspects
    • E04C2003/0426Joists; Girders, trusses, or trusslike structures, e.g. prefabricated; Lintels; Transoms; Braces of metal beams, girders, or joists characterised by cross-sectional aspects characterised by material distribution in cross section
    • E04C2003/0434Joists; Girders, trusses, or trusslike structures, e.g. prefabricated; Lintels; Transoms; Braces of metal beams, girders, or joists characterised by cross-sectional aspects characterised by material distribution in cross section the open cross-section free of enclosed cavities
    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04BUILDING
    • E04CSTRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
    • E04C3/00Structural elongated elements designed for load-supporting
    • E04C3/02Joists; Girders, trusses, or trusslike structures, e.g. prefabricated; Lintels; Transoms; Braces
    • E04C3/04Joists; Girders, trusses, or trusslike structures, e.g. prefabricated; Lintels; Transoms; Braces of metal
    • E04C2003/0404Joists; Girders, trusses, or trusslike structures, e.g. prefabricated; Lintels; Transoms; Braces of metal beams, girders, or joists characterised by cross-sectional aspects
    • E04C2003/0443Joists; Girders, trusses, or trusslike structures, e.g. prefabricated; Lintels; Transoms; Braces of metal beams, girders, or joists characterised by cross-sectional aspects characterised by substantial shape of the cross-section
    • E04C2003/0473U- or C-shaped
    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04BUILDING
    • E04CSTRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
    • E04C3/00Structural elongated elements designed for load-supporting
    • E04C3/02Joists; Girders, trusses, or trusslike structures, e.g. prefabricated; Lintels; Transoms; Braces
    • E04C3/04Joists; Girders, trusses, or trusslike structures, e.g. prefabricated; Lintels; Transoms; Braces of metal
    • E04C2003/0486Truss like structures composed of separate truss elements
    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04BUILDING
    • E04CSTRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
    • E04C3/00Structural elongated elements designed for load-supporting
    • E04C3/02Joists; Girders, trusses, or trusslike structures, e.g. prefabricated; Lintels; Transoms; Braces
    • E04C3/04Joists; Girders, trusses, or trusslike structures, e.g. prefabricated; Lintels; Transoms; Braces of metal
    • E04C2003/0486Truss like structures composed of separate truss elements
    • E04C2003/0491Truss like structures composed of separate truss elements the truss elements being located in one single surface or in several parallel surfaces

Abstract

金属屋架的上弦杆,包括由轧制成型的金属型材 做成的细长的杆件。金属型材的断面恒定,具有若干 纵向延伸部分,其平坦面的大小,应该在超量载荷作 用于杆件上时,使几乎所有的上述延伸部分同时发生 破坏,其中大部分平坦面部分的宽度不超过由下式所 确定的宽度: 式中:Fa为最大容许压应力,以MPa表示,Ω为荷载 系数,Q为考虑到有效横断面面积的形状系数,Foc 为弹性弯曲应力,以MPa表示,FY为屈服应力,以 MPa表示。

Description

本发明涉及屋架及用在屋架中的杆件。
今天,预制民用住房、其它房屋及建筑物的构架是普通的常事,预先组装的屋架也经常被使用。由于木屋架不够坚固,在现场架设之前的运输、装卸过程中有时会遭到损坏。由于这个原因以及降低造价和/或增加强度,人们一直在尝试生产金属屋架。目前,在应用中人们经常更喜欢使用一种新近研制的金属屋架而不是以前的木屋架。然而,由于它的断面是空心的,在其制造过程中需要进行焊接操作。
本发明的主要目的是提供一种金属屋架和主要杆件,这种金属屋架和杆件与传统的木头及金属的杆件和桁架相比,具有更高的强度和更低廉的生产成本。
本发明提供了一种用作屋架上弦杆的结构杆件,它由轧制成型的金属形材做成。该杆件横断面的形状具有若干个纵向延伸的整体部分。该杆件包括:固定屋顶板条的第一部分;一对位于此第一部分的下面并与第一部分基本垂直的平行部分,该平行部分相距间隔小于上述第一部分的宽度;用于连接上述弦杆与一个或多个按一定间距放置的腹杆上端的连接装置;一对用于把上述各个平行部分的上端分别与上述第一部分相邻的侧边连接起来的倾斜部分;一个翼缘部分,它有一个向外翻折的翼缘,它从上述平行部分的每一下端以大致成直角的方向向外延伸,在上述第一部分及倾斜部分每边上形成纵向延伸的加强肋。该杆件的设计是这样的:在该杆件作为屋架上弦杆的使用过程中,当超量载荷作用在杆上时,该杆横断面形状的几乎所有部分同时发生破坏。
下面,参照附图更详细地描述本发明。
图1和图2表示屋架垂直剖面的两种型式,它们能通过本发明实现。
图3是图1中“A”的放大详图。
图4是图1中“B”的放大详图。
图5是图1中“C”的放大详图。
图5是按比例绘出的本发明屋架上弦杆的断面图。
本发明的主要目的是降低屋架造价和增加其强度,本发明是由下面的方法得出的。对目前使用在屋架中的一种传统杆件进行过分析,并得知它是由宽230mm、厚0.9mm的300MPa低碳钢形材制成。这件传统的杆件已经得到政府有关当局的批准用于如图1和图2所示的有足够强度的屋架中。在本发明中,上弦杆10由本发明的杆件构成,它通过腹杆12被支撑在下弦杆11上。当架设到房屋上时,下弦杆11横跨构架墙(未示)并固定于其上,以便负载作用在上弦杆10上。上弦杆10作为屋顶板条固定部分。杆件10在与腹杆12连接处受到轴向压力和弯矩。目前,已经设计出了足以能承受压缩应变的杆件。其中,如果腹杆12是按通常间距设置时,弯矩可以忽略不计。同样宽度的,即230mm宽时,厚度为0.7mm的300MPa低碳钢形材沿着纵向被弯折成许多不同形状的横断面,它的连续的平坦部分的宽度不超过由下式所确定的宽度,该公式涉及该低碳钢钢板承受轴向压应力所必需的横断面面积。
Fa= (ΩFy)/(Ω) 〔( 1.25 + Foc QFy 2 )-( 1.25 + Foc QFy 2 2- (Foc)/(QFy) 〕
式中:
Fa为最大允许压应力,以MPa表示
Ω为荷载系数
Q为考虑到有效横断面面积的形状系数。
Foc为弹性弯曲应力,以MPa表示
Fy为屈服应力,以MPa表示。
使用此公式时,应当参考通称为SAA的澳大利亚标准冷加工钢结构规范AS1538/1974号。
因此,上述公式是用来决定当厚度为0.7mm,对应于杆件所需荷载时,平坦部分的宽度。这些部分是如图3所示的部分13、14、15和16。从该图可见,图1和图2的桁架结构包括相距一定间隔的部分14,一个从部分14中间穿过的有矩形断面的金属腹杆12,在部分16的下面,由它的末端12A与部分14连接起来。一个固定螺栓17把腹杆12固定在弦杆10的一定位置上,这样,通过螺栓17承受了作用在弦杆10上的荷载。
虽然,用上述方式建造的、各种横断面形状的承载能力显得比以前传统的被看作标准的杆件的承载能力有进步,但是,如图3和图6所示的横断面形状比其它所有形状更具有出乎意料好的承载能力。可以相信,当加强肋18被最大限度地使用时,平坦部分13、14、15、或16又不超过由上式确定的宽度,通过安全保护是可能做到的。因此当超量载荷作用在该杆件上时,几乎横断面形状上的所有部分都同时发生破坏。这就是说,断面形状中没有部分超过由上述公式所确定的宽度。更进一步说,当轴向压力作用在弦杆10上时,230mm宽的金属形材的整个宽度都得到了最大利用。
在上弦杆10的杆件设计中,为详细说明,包括了以下特征,图6表示弦杆10安装在一个屋架通常位置时的情形,在本说明书和权利要求书中使用的表示位置的用语,例如“上面”和“下面”参照如图所示安装的杆件。第一个特征是,纵向延伸的屋顶板条的固定部分19宽约50mm,以提供一个屋顶固定器,在安装处有足够范围的支撑宽度。第二个特征是,一对平行的纵向延伸的腹杆固定杆件部分20和21安装在部分19的下方,并与它基本垂直。当不包含加强肋时,部分20和21的宽度要不超过由上述公式所确定的宽度,此时,用于腹杆12的固定螺栓沿着弦杆10的长度方向以一定间距穿过部分20和21。第三个特征是,为了避免沿着部分20和21底部的一个外露边扭曲的倾向,一个有向外翻折翼缘24的翼缘部分23与边25做成整体,并从翼缘部分23以大约直角的方向向外延伸。
为了完成上述特征,230mm宽的生金属形材的多余部分用在纵向延伸的肋18(图3)和一对纵向延伸的倾斜部分26和27,部分26、27分别将平行部分的每一边上端与上面部分19的相邻侧边连接起来。弦杆10由单张金属形材做成,是完整的整体结构。倾斜部分26和27最好带有一个单肋18,该肋足以保证平坦部分15(图3)不超过由上述公式所确定的材料的宽度。一种型式,当平行部分20和21的每边宽20mm时,上面部分19是54mm宽。
被澳大利亚标准学会批准的公式已用于确定传统杆件的强度,也作为标准用于本发明及按本发明制成的杆件。两种1.85M长由300MPa低碳钢制成的杆件,一种是材料厚度为0.9mm的传统杆件,一种是材料厚度为0.7mm的本发明的杆件,传统杆件的轴向承压能力是640N,而本发明杆件的轴向承压能力是1025N。
因此,本发明杆件除了使用较少的材料,其敞开形断面可以通过轧制成形更便宜地制造外,其强度还大大超过传统的标准型杆件。本发明所具有的改进强度,在有要求的地方,可以允许桁架有更宽的跨度,或者给采用这种桁架的屋顶结构带来其它方面的经济效益。在易遭受大风、降雪和类似的屋顶结构需要更高强度的地区,采用依照本发明的桁架和上弦杆组成的屋顶结构将获益不浅。
如图4所示,腹杆12的下端12B放置在桁架的下弦杆11内,这种情况下,在下弦杆11上开一个槽,并做一个较低的纵向延伸的天花板固定部分30,此外一对纵向延伸部分平行于部分31和32,31与32相隔19mm,跨在腹杆12上,腹杆12端部12B紧贴着下面部分30的内表面。用于固定腹杆12的固定螺栓33穿过平行部分31和32。一对纵向延伸的倾斜部分34和33把部分31和32的下边与下面部分30的纵向延伸边在两对边外连接起来。整个弦杆11由金属薄板轧制而成。
图5表示一种弯曲方管的型式,它用于将下弦杆11固定到上弦杆10和墙结构的顶板上(未示)。隅撑36是通过螺栓37和一个穿进上弦杆10槽内的上面部分38进行固定的。
通过将上弦杆的材料厚度从0.7mm减至0.42mm(500MPa)和增加两个腹杆,恳桓龈垢硕及沧霸阼旒芏ゲ棵坎嗟母垢?2的夹角内。减少用材还可进一步获益,因此,总的说来,根据上述实施例的描述,上弦杆和桁架的造价相当于节约21%的桁架材料。
尽管上文描述了一个最佳实施例,但是,在本发明范围内的其它形式、修改和改进都是可能的。

Claims (9)

1、一种用来作为屋架上弦杆的结构杆件,由轧制成型的金属形材做成,该杆横断面形状包含有若干纵向延伸的整体部分,所说杆件包括:第一部分一个固定屋顶板条;一对位于所说第一部分下方并与第一部分基本垂直的平行部分,该平行部分的相距间隔小于上述第一部分的宽度;一个用于连接上述弦杆与一个或多个按一定间距放置的腹杆上端的连接装置;一对用于把上述各个平行部分的上端分别与所说第一部分相邻的侧边连接起来的倾斜部分;一个翼缘部分,它有一个向外翻折的翼缘,它从上述平行部分的每一下端以大约成直角的方向向外延伸;在上述第一部分及倾斜部分每边上形成纵向延伸的加强肋。所说杆件的设计是这样的:在该杆件作为屋架上弦杆的使用过程中,当超量载荷作用在杆上时,该杆横断面形状的几乎所有部分同时发生破坏。
2、一种按照权利要求1所说的结构杆件,其中,上述部分的全部或一部分具有连续的平坦面,该平坦面的宽度不超过由下式所确定的宽度:
Fa= (ΩFy)/(Ω) 〔( 1.25 + Foc QFy 2 )-( 1.25 + Foc QFy 2 2- (Foc)/(QFy) 〕
式中:Fa为最大容许压应力,以MPa表示
Ω为荷载系数
Q为考虑到有效横断面面积的形状系数
Foc为弹性弯曲应力,以MPa表示
Fy为屈服应力,以MPa表示
使用此公式时,应当参考被称为SAA的澳大利亚标准冷加工钢结构规范AS1538/1974号。
3、一种按照权利要求2所说的结构杆件,其中上述公式用来确定符合上述杆件承载能力的与厚度有关的平坦部分的宽度。
4、一种按照前述的任何一项权利要求中的结构杆件,其中上述一对平行的固定腹杆部分的间距符合腹杆的尺寸。
5、一种按照前述的任何一项权利要求中的结构杆件,其中上述杆件长1.85M,由0.7mm厚300MPa的低碳钢制成。
6、一种按照前述任何一项权利要求中的屋架,包括下弦杆和由结构杆件组成的上弦杆,以及固定在上述下弦杆和上弦杆之间的支撑腹杆。
7、一种根据附图大体如上文描述的结构杆件。
8、一种根据附图大体如上文描述的屋架。
9、一种用作屋架上弦杆的结构杆件,由轧制成型的金属形材做成,该杆件横断面形状具有若干个纵向延伸的整体部分,所说杆件包括:第一部分一个固定屋顶板条;一对位于所说第一部分下方并与第一部分基本垂直的平行部分,该平行部分的相距间隔小于上述第一部分的宽度;一个用于连接上鱿腋擞胍桓龌蚨喔霭匆欢渚喾胖玫母垢松隙说牧幼爸茫欢杂糜诎焉鲜龈鞲銎叫胁糠值纳隙朔直鹩胨档谝徊糠窒嗔诘牟啾吡悠鹄吹那阈辈糠趾鸵桓龃铀灯叫胁糠值拿恳幌露艘源笤汲芍苯堑姆较蛳蛲庋由斓囊碓怠?
CN88104502A 1987-06-12 1988-06-10 屋架及其中的杆件 Expired CN1016980B (zh)

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CN88104502A Expired CN1016980B (zh) 1987-06-12 1988-06-10 屋架及其中的杆件

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US (1) US4986051A (zh)
JP (1) JPH03500792A (zh)
CN (1) CN1016980B (zh)
IN (1) IN169614B (zh)
NZ (1) NZ225006A (zh)
WO (1) WO1988009854A1 (zh)
ZA (1) ZA884175B (zh)

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CN106232914B (zh) * 2014-04-30 2019-07-09 佐藤产业株式会社 框架构件

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
US4986051A (en) 1991-01-22
ZA884175B (en) 1990-02-28
WO1988009854A1 (en) 1988-12-15
IN169614B (zh) 1991-11-23
NZ225006A (en) 1991-12-23
CN1016980B (zh) 1992-06-10
JPH03500792A (ja) 1991-02-21

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