CN103349560A - 动力外科器械 - Google Patents

动力外科器械 Download PDF

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CN103349560A
CN103349560A CN2013102797095A CN201310279709A CN103349560A CN 103349560 A CN103349560 A CN 103349560A CN 2013102797095 A CN2013102797095 A CN 2013102797095A CN 201310279709 A CN201310279709 A CN 201310279709A CN 103349560 A CN103349560 A CN 103349560A
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end effector
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迈克尔·热姆洛克
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    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B17/00Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
    • A61B17/068Surgical staplers, e.g. containing multiple staples or clamps
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B17/00Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
    • A61B17/068Surgical staplers, e.g. containing multiple staples or clamps
    • A61B17/072Surgical staplers, e.g. containing multiple staples or clamps for applying a row of staples in a single action, e.g. the staples being applied simultaneously
    • A61B17/07207Surgical staplers, e.g. containing multiple staples or clamps for applying a row of staples in a single action, e.g. the staples being applied simultaneously the staples being applied sequentially
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B17/00Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
    • A61B17/00234Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets for minimally invasive surgery
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B17/00Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
    • A61B2017/00017Electrical control of surgical instruments
    • A61B2017/00022Sensing or detecting at the treatment site
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B17/00Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
    • A61B2017/00367Details of actuation of instruments, e.g. relations between pushing buttons, or the like, and activation of the tool, working tip, or the like
    • A61B2017/00398Details of actuation of instruments, e.g. relations between pushing buttons, or the like, and activation of the tool, working tip, or the like using powered actuators, e.g. stepper motors, solenoids
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B17/00Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
    • A61B2017/00681Aspects not otherwise provided for
    • A61B2017/00734Aspects not otherwise provided for battery operated
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B17/00Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
    • A61B17/28Surgical forceps
    • A61B17/29Forceps for use in minimally invasive surgery
    • A61B2017/2901Details of shaft
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B17/00Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
    • A61B17/28Surgical forceps
    • A61B17/29Forceps for use in minimally invasive surgery
    • A61B2017/2926Details of heads or jaws
    • A61B2017/2927Details of heads or jaws the angular position of the head being adjustable with respect to the shaft

Abstract

本发明公开了一种外科器械,尤其公开了一种动力外科器械。本发明的外科器械包括:壳体;内窥镜部,其从所述壳体向远侧延伸并且限定纵轴;末端执行器,其邻近所述内窥镜部的远侧部设置,所述末端执行器能够移动至相对于所述纵轴成一角度的位置;驱动电机,其被设置为至少部分地位于所述壳体中,所述驱动电机被布置为用于驱动所述末端执行器的外科功能;铰接机构,用于将所述末端执行器移动至相对于所述纵轴成一角度的位置;铰接电机,用于驱动所述铰接机构;及发射杆,其被设置为与所述驱动电机机械协作,其中所述发射杆的远侧部能够相对于所述壳体旋转,并且其中所述发射杆的近侧部不能够相对于所述壳体旋转。

Description

动力外科器械
本申请是申请号为200810090459.X、申请日为2008年4月14日、发明名称为“动力外科器械”的专利申请的分案申请。
技术领域
本公开涉及一种用于紧固身体组织的外科器械,尤其涉及一种具有动力致动能力的动力外科器械(powered surgical instrument)。
背景技术
首先在对置的钳夹(jaw)结构中将组织抓紧或夹紧,然后由外科紧固件接合的外科装置在本领域是公知的。在一些器械中,设置刀来切割已通过紧固件接合的组织。典型地,紧固件包括外科缝合钉和两部分聚合紧固件。
用于此目的的器械可以包括分别用于捕捉或夹紧组织的两个钳夹构件。典型地,一个构件支撑缝合钉钉仓,所述缝合钉钉仓容纳成行排列的多个缝合钉,而另一个构件具有砧座,随着缝合钉被缝合钉钉仓驱动,所述砧座限定了用于形成缝合钉腿的表面。一些器械包括夹具、手柄和/或旋钮以随着末端执行器的旋转和铰接影响致动。这种外科器械要求使用者在操作手柄、旋钮等时施加很大的力,这会在操作器械时产生不稳定和不期望的移动。
因此,期望有一种需要较小的力来操作的外科器械。还期望有一种以更好的精度来操作的外科器械。
发明内容
本公开涉及一种外科器械,其包括壳体、内窥镜部、驱动电机、驱动管、发射杆和末端执行器。内窥镜部从壳体向远侧延伸并且限定了第一纵轴。驱动电机设置为至少部分地位于壳体中。驱动管设置为与驱动电机机械协作并且围绕穿过其延伸的驱动管轴可旋转。发射杆被设置为与驱动管机械协作并且发射杆的至少一部分相对于驱动管可平移。末端执行器邻近内窥镜部的远侧部设置。
本公开还涉及一种将外科紧固件应用于组织的方法。该实施例的方法包括:提供一种包括壳体、内窥镜部、驱动电机、驱动管、发射杆和末端执行器的动力外科器械。驱动电机被设置为至少部分地位于壳体中。驱动管被设置为与驱动电机机械协作并且围绕穿过其延伸的驱动管轴可旋转。发射杆被设置为与驱动管机械协作并且发射杆的至少一部分相对于驱动管可平移。末端执行器邻近内窥镜部的远侧部设置。该方法进一步包括:围绕驱动管轴旋转驱动管并且相对于驱动管平移发射杆以影响末端执行器的外科功能。
本公开进一步涉及一种外科器械,其包括:壳体;从壳体向远侧延伸并且限定了纵轴的内窥镜部;邻近内窥镜部的远侧部设置的末端执行器,该末端执行器可移动至相对于该纵轴成一角度的位置;被设置为至少部分地位于壳体中的驱动电机,该驱动电机被布置用于驱动末端执行器的外科功能;用于将末端执行器移动至相对于纵轴成一角度的位置的铰接机构;和用于驱动该铰接机构的铰接电机。
外科器械可以包括被设置为与驱动电机机械协作的驱动管,该驱动管围绕穿过其延伸的驱动管轴可旋转,以及被设置为与驱动管机械协作的发射杆,该发射杆的至少一部分相对于驱动管可平移。在某些实施例中,在驱动电机和驱动管之间设置有离合器。离合器可以包括离合板和弹簧。离合板被理想地设置为与设置在驱动管的近侧面上的界面(interface)相匹配。还可以包括用于驱动铰接机构的手动铰接旋钮。
在某些实施例中,理想地,末端执行器相对于壳体绕纵轴可旋转。外科器械理想地包括用户界面,该用户界面包括至少一个控制末端执行器的开关。电源被理想地设置为至少部分地位于壳体中并且被布置为向驱动电机提供电力。在某些实施例中,末端执行器为具有主体部的一次性装载部件的一部分。
附图说明
这里参照附图公开了当前公开的动力外科器械的实施例,其中:
图1为根据本公开的实施例的动力外科器械的立体图;
图2为图1的动力外科器械的局部放大立体图;
图3为图1和2的动力外科器械的放大平面图;
图4为图1-3的动力外科器械的局部立体剖面图;
图5为示出了设置于第一位置的图1-4的动力外科器械的内部部件的横截面图;
图6为示出了设置于第二位置的图1-5的动力外科器械的内部部件的横截面图;
图7为示出了图1-6的动力外科器械的内部部件的局部横截面图;及
图8为图1-7的动力外科器械的一部分的剖视图。
具体实施方式
现在参照附图详细描述当前公开的动力外科器械的实施例,在附图中,用相同的附图标记指代在每个附图中的相同或相应的构件。如本文所使用的,术语“远侧的”指的是动力外科器械或其部件的远离使用者的部分,而术语“近侧的”指的是动力外科器械的或其部件的靠近使用者的部分。
依照本公开,动力外科器械,例如外科缝合器,在图中由附图标记100指代。首先参照图1,动力外科器械100包括壳体110;内窥镜部140,限定了穿过其延伸的第一纵轴A-A;和末端执行器160,限定了穿过其延伸的第二纵轴B-B。内窥镜部140从壳体110向远侧延伸而末端执行器160邻近内窥镜部140的远侧部142设置。
参照图2,图示了根据本公开的实施例的壳体110的放大视图。在图示的实施例中,壳体110包括其上至少具有一个开关114(示出了图示为拨动开关的两个开关114a和114b)的手柄部112。限定了手柄轴H-H的手柄部112被配置为由使用者的手来抓取。每个开关114a和114b被设置在手柄部112上的适当位置以方便使用者的一个手指或多个手指对其按压。
参照图3,壳体110的近侧区域118包括用户界面120。在图示的实施例中,用户界面120包括两个灯124a、124b。可以预想到,灯124a、124b向其使用者提供信息/反馈(例如,视觉反馈)。例如,第一个灯124a的照亮可以表明缝合钉钉仓被正确装载,而第二个灯124b的照亮可以表明第二开关114b(图2)已经被开启并且末端执行器160准备使用。还可以预想到,可以在壳体110上设置屏幕(在此实施例中没有明确地示出)以向使用者提供信息/反馈。该屏幕可以包括结合到壳体110中的LCD屏幕或其它屏幕。
图2-4图示了铰接机构170,该铰接机构170包括铰接壳体172、动力铰接开关174和手动铰接旋钮176。旋钮176被理想地配置为表明末端执行器160的角度。例如,具有细长外形的旋钮176相对于轴线A-A的角位移表明末端执行器相对于轴线A-A的角度。铰接机构170的致动(例如,平移动力铰接开关174或枢转手动铰接旋钮176)引起末端执行器160从纵轴B-B与纵轴A-A基本成直线的第一位置朝着纵轴B-B被设置为与纵轴A-A成一角度的位置移动。优选地,可以获得多个铰接位置。
另外,铰接壳体172和动力铰接开关174安装在旋转壳体组件180上。旋转旋钮182围绕第一纵轴A-A的旋转引起壳体组件180及铰接壳体172和动力铰接开关174围绕第一纵轴A-A旋转,因此引起发射杆220的远侧部224和末端执行器160围绕第一纵轴A-A相应地旋转。铰接壳体172、动力铰接开关174、手动铰接旋钮176以及向末端执行器160提供铰接的更多细节在由马尔奇克(Marczyk)于2007年3月15日提交的标题为“具有动力铰接的外科缝合器械”的共有的美国专利申请(代理人卷号为H-US-00897(203-5357))和米利曼(Milliman)等人的专利号为6,953,139的美国专利中有详细描述,所述两个专利的全部内容结合在此以做参考。可以预想到,可以用限位开关、近程传感器(例如,光学的和/或铁磁的)、线性可变位移变换器(transducer)和轴编码器(例如,设置于壳体110中)的任何组合来控制和/或记录末端执行器160的铰接角度和/或发射杆220的位置。
图4-8图示了包括驱动电机200(图4)、驱动管210(图4-7)和发射杆220(包括近侧部222(图5、6和8)以及远侧部224(图4和5))的动力外科器械100的各种内部部件。驱动管210围绕穿过其延伸的驱动管轴C-C可旋转(图4)。驱动电机200被设置为与驱动管210机械协作并且被配置为使得驱动管210围绕驱动齿轮轴C-C旋转。在已公开的实施例中,驱动电机200可以是电机或齿轮电机,其可以包括结合在其壳体中的传动装置(gearing)。
参照图4-6,示出了发射杆接合体(coupling)190。发射杆接合体190在发射杆220的近侧部222和远侧部224之间提供连接。具体来说,发射杆接合体190能够使发射杆220的远侧部224相对于发射杆220的近侧部222旋转。因此,发射杆接合体190使发射杆220的近侧部222保持静止(下面参照定位板(alignment plate)350来论述),而允许发射杆220的远侧部224旋转(例如,如上所述,紧接着旋转旋钮182的旋转)。
驱动管210响应于驱动电机200的旋转而旋转。如下所述,随着驱动管210旋转,发射杆220被向近侧和/或向远侧平移。参照图5和6,发射杆220的近侧部222包括穿过驱动管210的内螺纹部212延伸的螺纹部226。驱动管210刚一旋转,发射杆220和驱动管210之间的这种关系就使得发射杆220沿驱动管210的螺纹部212向远侧和/或向近侧(在箭头D和E的方向上)移动。例如,随着驱动管210在第一方向上旋转(例如,顺时针),发射杆220向近侧移动(图5图示了邻近其最近侧位置设置的发射杆220),并且当驱动管210在第二方向上旋转时(例如,逆时针),发射杆220向远侧移动(图6图示了邻近其最远侧位置设置的发射杆220)。
继续参照图5和6,发射杆220在特定的界限内向远侧和近侧可平移。具体来说,发射杆220的近侧部222的第一端222a结合定位板350用作机械止挡。也就是说,在当发射杆220向近侧平移时的缩回上,第一端222a接触到定位板350的远侧表面351,因此防止发射杆220继续向近侧平移(图5)。另外,发射杆220的近侧部222的螺纹部226结合定位板350用作机械止挡。即,当发射杆220向远侧平移时,螺纹部226接触定位板350的近侧表面353,因此防止发射杆220进一步向远侧平移(图6)。
随着驱动电机200旋转驱动管210,发射杆220的近侧部222由定位板350抑制,基本不旋转(图8)。定位板350包括穿过定位板350的具有非圆形横截面的孔(aperture)352。孔352的非圆形横截面防止发射杆220的近侧部222旋转,因此将发射杆220的近侧部222限制于通过孔352的轴向平移。此外,为了便于驱动管210的旋转同时有助于将驱动管210对准在壳体110中,近侧轴承354(图4-7)和远侧轴承356(图4-6)被设置为至少部分地围绕驱动管210。在进一步的实施例中,可以增加另外的管。为了减小驱动管的长度并且/或者增加扭矩,驱动管能够与另一个管状构件匹配的外螺纹相结合。这使得伸缩的多层管能够在轴向上移动,以使发射杆更能轴向地移动,而组件具有相同的总体长度。此外,也能够以相同的方式来利用内螺纹管。
发射杆220向远侧的平移(例如,对应于驱动管210的逆时针旋转)能够引起末端执行器160的钳夹构件162、164(见图1)抓紧或夹紧保持于它们之间的组织。发射杆220的进一步远侧平移可以使得外科紧固件从末端执行器160弹出(例如,经由凸轮杆和/或致动滑轨(sled)(在此实施例中,二者都未明确地示出)以紧固组织,并且也可使刀(在此实施例中没有明确地示出)切断组织。发射杆220向近侧的平移(例如,对应于驱动管210的顺时针旋转)能够使得钳夹构件162、164和/或刀回缩或回复至其先前发射的位置。发射和其它致动末端执行器160的更多细节在米利曼(Milliman)等人共有的专利号为6,953,139的美国专利(第‘139号米利曼专利)中有详细描述,因此其公开的全部内容结合在此以作参考。
根据本公开的实施例,末端执行器160包括钉仓组件(例如,钳夹构件164)和砧座组件(例如,钳夹构件162),所述砧座组件包括用于将外科紧固件置入身体组织中并且使外科紧固件定形的砧座(anvil)部。钉仓组件164容纳有多个缝合钉。砧座组件162和钉仓组件164至少其中之一相对于另一个可以在砧座组件162和钉仓组件164相隔的打开位置与砧座组件162和钉仓组件164并列对准的邻接或夹紧位置之间移动。在实施例中,缝合钉容纳于钉仓组件164中以将线状排列的缝合钉应用于身体组织。
进一步可以预想到,末端执行器160被连接至安装部166上,该安装部166可枢转地连接至主体部168上。主体部168可以与动力外科器械100的内窥镜部140成为一体,或者可以可拆卸地连接至内窥镜部140上以提供可替代的一次性装载部件(DLU)或一次性使用装载部件(SULU)。装载部件可以通过卡口连接(bayonet connection)与内窥镜部140连接。可以预想到,装载部件具有至少一个连接至装载部件的安装部166的铰接链接并且该铰接链接连接至联接杆(linkagerod),以使末端执行器160随着联接杆沿第一纵轴A-A在远侧-近侧方向上平移时而铰接。可以使用其他装置来将末端执行器160连接至内窥镜部140以便能够铰接。例如,可以使用柔性管或者多个可枢转的构件。
装载部件可以结合(或者被配置用来结合)诸如导管密封装置、直线缝合装置、圆形缝合装置和刀具等的各种末端执行器。这样的末端执行器可以与动力外科器械100的内窥镜部140接合。中间柔性轴可以包括在手柄部112和装载部件之间。柔性轴的实例在由热姆洛克(Zemlok)于同一日一并提交的题目为“动力外科器械”的共有的美国专利申请(代理人卷号为H-US-00832(203-5320))中有详细描述,因此其全部内容结合在此以作参考。可以预想到,柔性轴的结合可以便于接近和/或进入身体的特定区域。
此外,可以使用不同的装载部件,数字控制模块(DCM)130(图4)能够控制施加于发射杆220上的力,从而使得发射杆220能够驱动位于装载部件上的当时使用的特定的末端执行器160。为了清楚,在图中没有显示将DCM130连接至动力外科器械100的各种部件的线,但这些线在本公开的考虑之中。装载部件还可以包括例如132的机械或者电子传感器,该传感器向DCM130表明哪个末端执行器位于装载部件上。在实施例中,DCM130还能够经由传感器或通过测量由电机牵引的电压或电流,来存储与施加于发射杆220和/或末端执行器160上的力有关的信息。另外,可以测量来自驱动电机200的电压和电流以便提供与动力外科器械100的状态有关的信息和/或反馈。例如,如果使用者试图在太厚的组织上施加压力时,可以测量电压和/或电流来判断夹紧能量。如果超越了预定的能量限制,这个信息能够被提供给使用者并且/或者能够使电力中断或停止。可以预想到,这个特征有助于防止器械中的机构被损坏。
在本公开的实施例中,末端执行器160的砧座组件162包括用于被末端执行器160的驱动组件啮合的凸轮表面。这里,驱动组件包括理想地具有用于切割组织的刀的驱动梁(beam)。驱动梁具有被定位以啮合凸轮表面的凸轮滚子和凸缘,所述凸缘被定位以啮合钉仓组件从而当驱动梁向远侧行进时来影响砧座组件162和钉仓组件164相对于彼此的接近。另外,如第‘139号米利曼专利中所公开的,当在向远侧方向上进一步行进时,驱动梁与用于部署来自钉仓组件的外科紧固件的致动构件相啮合。
传感器的任何组合都可以被定位于动力外科器械100中以判断动力外科器械100的操作阶段,例如,末端执行器160的铰接、旋转、夹紧和发射等。例如,限位开关230和232(图4)、近程传感器(例如,线性的和/铁磁的)、电位计(potentiometer)、线性可变位移变换器(LVDT)、轴编码器等可以被用来帮助控制和/或记录发射杆220的位置(例如,限位开关232),并且可以被用来检测正确装载后的缝合钉钉仓(例如,限位开关230)。
参照附图5和6,图示了指示器320a和320b位于发射杆220上并且帮助判断发射杆220的速度和发射杆220相对于驱动管210和/或壳体110的位置。例如,限位开关230可以由从该处经过的感测指示器320a和/或320b(例如,凸块(bump)、凹槽、缺口(indentation)等)触发以判断发射杆220的位置、发射杆220的速度和动力外科器械100的模式(例如,夹紧、抓紧、发射、封闭、切割、回退)。指示器可以具有多种形状并且可以使用许多与那些所示的相似的等间隔的特征。例如,可以将发射杆220的位置表示在用户界面120的屏幕上。此外,从指示器320a、320b接收到的反馈可以被用于判断,按连接于该处的特定装载部件的尺寸,发射杆220应该在何时停止其轴向运动(例如,何时驱动电机200应该停止)。
参照图7,示出了从驱动电机200和行星齿轮204延伸出的驱动电机轴202。驱动电机轴202与离合器300机械协作。驱动电机轴202由驱动电机200旋转,从而导致离合器300的旋转。离合器300包括离合板302和弹簧304并且被示为具有设置于离合板302上的锲形部306,该锲形部306能够与设置于驱动管210的近侧面216上的界面(例如,锲形物(wedge)214)匹配。在行星齿轮204和驱动管210之间图示了弹簧304。具体来说,依照图7中示出的实施例,在离合板302和离合垫圈(clutch washer)308之间图示了弹簧304。另外,驱动电机200安装在电机底座(motor mount)310上。如图7所示,电机底座310可以经由设置于电机底座310中的狭槽(slot)312和设置于壳体110上的凸起314相对于壳体110向近侧和向远侧调整。
在本公开的实施例中,离合器位于驱动管210和驱动电机200之间。离合器300的锲形部306被配置并且被布置为相对于驱动管210的近侧面216的锲形物214滑动,除非弹簧304向离合板302施加临界力。此外,当弹簧304施加使锲形部306和锲形物214啮合而不滑动所需的临界力时,驱动管210将基于驱动电机200的旋转而旋转。可以预想到,锲形部306和/或锲形物214被配置为相对于彼此在一个和/或两个方向(即,顺时针和/或逆时针)上滑动直至获得临界力。
进一步可以预想到,驱动电机轴202包括D形横截面,该D形横截面包括基本平坦的部分和圆形部分。因此,当驱动电机轴202相对于离合板302能够平移时,在驱动电机轴202旋转后,驱动电机轴202相对于离合板302将不会“滑动”。即,驱动电机轴202的旋转将导致离合板302相对地滑动较小的旋转。
尽管在附图中没有明确地图示,用户界面120可以包括多个开关。用户界面可以显示可以经由传感器传递至用户界面的“模式”(例如,旋转、铰接或者致动)、“状态”(例如,铰接角度、旋转速度或者致动类型)和诸如缝合钉是否已经被发射的“反馈”。同样可以预想到,使用者能够使用开关来输入不同的组织类型和缝合钉钉仓的各种尺寸和长度。此外,用户界面上的开关可以包括位于其上的箭头并且可以用于选择方向、速度和/或驱动管210被驱动电机200旋转的扭矩。同样可以预想到,例如,能够使用至少一个开关来选择当各种设定值被超越时的紧急模式。
另外,参照图1和2,开关114a、114b可以被用于启动和/或停止驱动电机200的运动。开关114a、114b的其它功能以及具有更多或者更少的开关114都是可以预期的。在特定的实施例中,可以包括开关114c(图1、2和4),其中按压开关114c可以机械地和/或电子地开启末端执行器160的致动或者发射。此外,例如,至少一个开关114可以包括一个或多个微电子薄膜开关。这种微电子薄膜开关包括相对低的致动力、小封装尺寸、人体工程学的尺寸和外形、薄断面(lowprofile)、包括开关上的成型字母的能力、符号、描绘和/或指示和低材料成本。另外,开关114(诸如微电子薄膜开关)可以被密封以便于动力外科器械100的消毒,并且有助于防止颗粒和/流体污染。
可选地,或者除了开关114之外,其它输入装置可以包括声音输入技术,该输入装置可以包括结合在DCM130中的硬件和/或软件,或者连接至DCM130上的单独的数字模块。声音输入技术可以包括声音识别、声音激活、声音校正和/或植入语音。使用者可以通过声音命令来整个地或部分地控制器械的操作,因此解放出使用者的一只或两只手以操作其它的器械。声音或其它听得见的输出也可以被用来向使用者提供反馈。
在实施例中,弹簧304可以被用于动力外科器械100的反馈和控制中。如上所述,DCM130可以连接至一个或者多个开关114和一个或者多个显示屏以便向使用者提供反馈并且用来帮助控制动力外科器械100的操作。DCM130可以是结合在动力外科器械100的壳体110中的数字电路板。弹簧304可以包括能够与DCM130相互作用的压力变换器以控制施加于驱动管210的力。
同样可以预想到,用户界面120包括位于屏幕和/或开关上的不同的颜色和/或亮度的文本,用于对显示项目作进一步的区分。例如,使用者的反馈还可以包括灯的脉冲模式、听觉反馈(例如,蜂鸣器、铃或者可以以选定的时间间隔发声的嘟嘟声)、口头反馈和/或触觉振动反馈(诸如异步电机或者螺线管)的形式。视觉、听觉或者触觉反馈的强度能够增加或者降低。例如,反馈的强度可以用来表示器械上的力正变得过大。另外,可以将开关定位在相互不同的高度并且/或者可以包括凸起标记或者其它结构特征(例如,凹陷或者凸起),以使得使用者能够按压适当的开关而不需要看用户界面120。
另外,用户界面120可以包括一个或多个单独的显示屏幕和输入装置(诸如开关或者按钮),或者输入装置可以整体地或部分地结合到屏幕中。例如,可以使用触摸屏液晶显示器(LCD)使得使用者能够在观察操作反馈时提供输入。触摸屏LCD可以包括电阻、电容或者表面声波控制。这种方法能够方便屏幕部件的密封以便于动力外科器械100消毒,同时防止微粒和/或流体污染。在某些实施例中,屏幕被可枢转地或者可旋转地安装于动力外科器械100上,用于在使用或准备过程中机动地观察屏幕。例如,屏幕可以铰接于或者球窝式安装于动力外科器械100上。
在已公开的实施例中,由动力外科器械100中的各种传感器监测到的至少某些信息可以提供给手术室中的视频屏幕或者监测系统。例如,可以经由包括蓝牙、ANT3、KNX、Z波、X10、无线USB、WiFi、IrDa、Nanonet、Tiny OS、ZigBee、射频、UHF和VHF的技术,将数据从结合在或者关联于动力外科器械100中的通信发射器发送至用于手术室监测系统的接收器。这种特征可以方便动力外科器械100或其它手术室使用者或医护人员或远程人员进行监测。
同样可以预想到,蓄电池400(图4)、电池组、燃料电池和/或高能电容器的任何组合都可以被用来向动力外科器械100提供电力。例如,电容器可以被用来与电池组连接。这里,由于电池是典型的电流不可能很快地从其流出的慢流(slow-drain)装置,所以当所要求/所需的能量比电池依靠其自身所能提供的要快时(例如,在夹紧厚组织、快速发射和夹紧等时),可以利用电容器来产生电能冲击(power burst)。可以预想到,能够将电池连接至电容器以对电容器充电。
还可以预想到,电池组包括至少一个一次性电池。该一次性电池可以介于大约9伏和大约30伏之间,并且可以用于一次性外科器械。包括电力的其它供电装置也在考虑之中。在选择性的实施例中,使用电线(cord)将器械100连接至发电机和/或线电压。
在已公开的实施例中,DCM连接至驱动电机200并且被配置和布置以监测电池电阻、电压、温度和/或电流消耗并且控制动力外科器械100的操作。确定动力外科器械100的电池400、输电、驱动电机200和驱动部件上的一个负载或多个负载是否显示出达到或者接近损坏极限,来控制电机速度。例如,可以确定电池400中的剩余电量,剩余发射次数,是否必须将电池400替换或充电,和/或是否接近动力外科器械100的潜在负载极限。
DCM能够被配置和布置来控制或者帮助控制驱动电机200的操作以响应监测到的信息。可以使用电池电压的脉冲调制来作为用于控制扭矩输出的电子离合器。例如,DCM能够调节电压或者对电压进行脉冲调制以调节功率和/或扭矩输出来防止系统损坏或者优化能量使用。可以使用电子制动电路(electric braking circuit)来控制驱动电机200,该电子制动电路使用旋转驱动电机200的现有的反电动势(EMF)以抵制和大体降低驱动管210的动量。电子制动电路可以改善驱动电机200和/或驱动管210对于动力外科器械100的停止精度和/或移位的控制。用于监测动力外科器械100的部件并且帮助防止动力外科器械100过载的传感器可以包括诸如热传感器、电热调节器(thermistor)、热电偶和/热红外成像的热型传感器,并且向DCM提供反馈。如果达到或者接近极限,DCM可以控制动力外科器械100的部件并且这种控制可以包括切断来自电池组400的电力,临时性地中断电力或者进入暂停模式,进行脉冲调制以限制使用的能量,并且DCM能够监测部件的温度以确定何时重新开始操作。DCM的上述用途可以单独使用或者以电流、电压、温度和/或阻抗测量为要素来使用。
可以预想到,末端执行器160是可以重复使用的,能够容纳缝合钉钉仓并且/或者作为一次性装载部件的一部分。一次性或可替代装载部件的其它细节在由博拉诺斯(Bolanos)等人共有的专利号为5,752,644的美国专利中有详细描述,其全部内容结合在此以作参考。如第‘139号米利曼专利所公开的,一次性和/或可替代装载部件可以包括具有或不具有铰接的末端执行器。
在本公开的某些实施例中,结合有外科末端执行器160的一次性或可替代装载部件包括位于装载部件中以判断各种部件的位置和/或诸如末端执行器160的铰接、旋转、夹紧和发射的末端执行器160的操作的传感器。例如,可以使用电触头、近程传感器、光学传感器、光电二极管和/或机械或金属传感器来控制和/或记录与末端执行器160相关的信息。同样可以判断砧座组件162和钉仓组件164相对于彼此的位置,末端执行器160的铰接或非铰接位置,末端执行器160的旋转,和/或装载部件、缝合钉钉仓和/或缝合钉钉仓的部件的正确装载。
同样可以包括识别系统来判断并且向DCM传递各种信息,包括用于操作特定的末端执行器160的速度、功率、扭矩、夹紧、移动长度和强度极限。DCM也可以判断操作模式并且调整用于部件移动的电压、离合器弹簧载荷和停止点。更具体地说,识别系统可以包括末端执行器160中的一部件(例如,微晶片、发射器或者传送器),该部件与DCM或者那里的接收器通信(例如,无线、经由红外信号等)。同样可以预想到,可以经由发射杆220发送信号,从而发射杆220用作用于DCM和末端执行器160之间的通信的管道(conduit)。
在根据本公开的某些实施例中,装载部件包括轴向驱动组件,其与发射杆220协作以接近末端执行器160的砧座组件162和钉仓组件164并且从缝合钉钉仓发射缝合钉。如第139号米利曼专利的某些实施例所公开的,该轴向驱动组件可以包括通过缝合钉钉仓向远侧移动并且在缝合钉发射后可以回退的梁。通过实例,上述的传感器可以用于判断所述缝合钉是否已经从缝合钉钉仓发射,是否它们被完全发射,是否所述梁是否已经通过缝合钉钉仓向近侧回退及回退的程度,以及与装载部件的操作有关的其它信息。在本公开的某些实施例中,装载部件结合了用于识别装载于器械100上的装载部件和/或缝合钉钉仓的类型的部件,所述部件包包括红外的、蜂窝的、传导识别(其可以使用发射杆作为导管(conduit))或者射频识别芯片(诸如感官的或类似技术的)的部件。装载部件和/或缝合钉钉仓的类型可以由DCM中相关的接收器或者由手术室中用于提供反馈、控制和/或进行存量分析的外部装置接收。电源或者电池组400可以结合用于识别装在动力外科器械100上的电池组400的类型或者用于发送与电池组400相关的反馈的部件。
在本公开的某些实施例中,动力外科器械100包括一次性或可替代的装载部件,其结合了外科末端执行器160和包括壳体110以及可拆卸地连接至装载部件的内窥镜部140的可重复利用部分。可重复利用部分可以被配置为用于消毒然后在随后的外科操作中再次使用。在实施例中,壳体110的部件被密封以防止微粒和/流体污染物的渗透并且帮助防止部件被消毒处理损坏。在根据本公开的某些实施例中,电池组400包括可再充电电池。例如,再充电电池能够被连接至在器械100的壳体110上可以接近的触点(contact),或者再充电电池可以通过密封于壳体110中的感应充电界面被再次充电。感应充电界面可以消除触点短路并且可以提供可以是密闭地或抗液密封的内部电池。
本公开还涉及一种将外科紧固件应用于组织的方法。该方法包括如上所述的动力外科器械100的使用。
应该理解的是,可以对本文公开的实施例作各种修改。如在以上公开的和在由热姆洛克(Zemlok)于同一日一并提交的标题为“动力外科器械”的共有的美国专利申请(代理人卷号为H-US-00832(203-5320))中公开的某些优选实施例中,传感器、反馈和控制系统被理想地结合在外科器械中,其公开的全部内容结合在此以作参考。
作为另一个实例,活动手柄(在此实施例中没有明确地示出)可以被用来控制动力外科器械100的各种功能。因此,以上描述不应该被解释为限制,而仅仅是作为各种实施例的范例。本领域技术人员能够预想到附加在此的权利要求的范围和精神之内的其它修改。

Claims (14)

1.一种外科器械,包括:
壳体;
内窥镜部,其从所述壳体向远侧延伸并且限定纵轴;
末端执行器,其邻近所述内窥镜部的远侧部设置,所述末端执行器能够移动至相对于所述纵轴成一角度的位置;
驱动电机,其被设置为至少部分地位于所述壳体中,所述驱动电机被布置为用于驱动所述末端执行器的外科功能;
铰接机构,用于将所述末端执行器移动至相对于所述纵轴成一角度的位置;
铰接电机,用于驱动所述铰接机构;以及
发射杆,其被设置为与所述驱动电机机械协作,其中所述发射杆的远侧部能够相对于所述壳体旋转,并且其中所述发射杆的近侧部不能够相对于所述壳体旋转。
2.如权利要求1所述的外科器械,进一步包括:
驱动管,其被设置为与所述驱动电机机械协作,所述驱动管能够围绕穿过所述驱动管延伸的驱动管轴旋转;并且
其中所述发射杆被设置为与所述驱动管机械协作,所述发射杆的至少一部分能够相对于所述驱动管平移。
3.如权利要求2所述的外科器械,进一步包括设置于所述驱动电机和所述驱动管之间的离合器,所述离合器包括离合板和弹簧。
4.如权利要求3所述的外科器械,其中所述离合板被布置为与设置于所述驱动管的近侧面上的界面相匹配。
5.如权利要求1所述的外科器械,进一步包括用于驱动所述铰接机构的手动铰接旋钮。
6.如权利要求1所述的外科器械,其中所述末端执行器相对于所述壳体能够围绕所述纵轴旋转。
7.如权利要求1所述的外科器械,进一步包括用户界面,所述用户界面包括至少一个控制所述末端执行器的开关。
8.如权利要求2所述的外科器械,其中所述驱动管包括位于其内表面上的螺纹部。
9.如权利要求8所述的外科器械,其中所述发射杆包括位于其上的螺纹部,所述发射杆的所述螺纹部能够与所述驱动管的所述螺纹部啮合。
10.如权利要求1所述的外科器械,其中所述发射杆的至少一部分延伸穿过一个板的孔,所述孔包括用于防止所述发射杆相对于所述板旋转的非圆形横截面。
11.如权利要求1所述的外科器械,进一步包括被设置为至少部分地位于所述壳体中并且被布置为向所述驱动电机提供电力的电源。
12.如权利要求1所述的外科器械,其中所述末端执行器为具有主体部的一次性装载部件的一部分。
13.如权利要求10所述的外科器械,其中所述发射杆的延伸穿过所述板的孔的部分包括非圆形横截面。
14.如权利要求10所述的外科器械,其中所述板相对于所述壳体不能够旋转。
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