CN103459348A - 包含互研磨的珍珠岩和水凝水泥的可固化组合物 - Google Patents

包含互研磨的珍珠岩和水凝水泥的可固化组合物 Download PDF

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CN103459348A
CN103459348A CN2012800051623A CN201280005162A CN103459348A CN 103459348 A CN103459348 A CN 103459348A CN 2012800051623 A CN2012800051623 A CN 2012800051623A CN 201280005162 A CN201280005162 A CN 201280005162A CN 103459348 A CN103459348 A CN 103459348A
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cement
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water
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perlite
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杰弗里·D·卡彻
D·查德·布雷内斯
克雷格·W·罗迪
詹姆士·R·本克雷
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Halliburton Energy Services Inc
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Abstract

本发明公开的方法和组合物包含互研磨的珍珠岩和水凝水泥。一个实施方式提供了固井的方法，包括：提供一种包含珍珠岩、水凝水泥、和水的可固化组合物，其中珍珠岩和水凝水泥在与水混合之前进行相互研磨以形成可固化组合物；以及允许可固化组合物固化。

Description

包含互研磨的珍珠岩和水凝水泥的可固化组合物
技术领域
本发明涉及固井（cementing）操作，更具体地，在某些实施方式中，涉及包含互研磨的珍珠岩和水凝水泥的方法和组合物。
背景技术
在一般情况下，井处理包括各种可以实施于油井、天然气井、地热井和/或水井的广泛方法，如钻井、完井和修井方法。钻井、完井和修井方法可以包括，但不限于，钻井、压裂、酸化、测井、固井、砾石充填、射孔（钻孔，perforating）和波及（conformance）方法。这些井处理中的许多设计用来提高和/或促进来自地下井的所需流体的采收。
在固井方法中，如建井和补救固井，普遍都使用可固化（可凝结，可凝固，settable）组合物。正如本文中所使用的术语“可固化组合物”是指水力固化或要不然产生抗压强度的组合物。可固化组合物可用于初级固井操作，由此管柱，如外壳和内衬，水泥凝成（cemented）于钻井孔（井筒，井身，well bore）中。在实施初级固井时，可固化组合物可以泵送至如地层和设置于地层中的管柱之间的环带（环形空间，annulus）中。可固化组合物应固化于环带中，从而形成的硬化水泥环形护套（例如，水泥环（水泥外壳，cement sheath））应支撑和定位井孔中的管柱并将管柱外表面粘结至油井孔壁。可固化组合物也可用于补救固井方法中，如水泥塞填位，还可以用于挤压固井中而用于密封管柱、水泥环、砾石过滤层、地层等中的空隙。
在这些固井方法中水泥的水化是一个复杂的过程，因为几个阶段可以同时参与在反应中。为了控制反应过程而提供适合固井的组合物，可以加入各种添加剂如缓凝剂、强度增强剂和加速剂。然而，井的工作条件变得越来越具有挑战性和苛刻，人们也继续对新材料搜寻以满足这些挑战。举例而言，井的固井中所用的水泥浆经常会遇到在合理的时间范围内获得足够强度而继续井操作的问题。有关候凝（“WOC”）的成本在固井中起着重要的作用。
发明内容
本发明涉及固井操作，更具体地，在某些实施方式中，涉及包含互研磨的珍珠岩和水凝水泥的方法和组合物。
一个实施方式提供一种固井的方法，包括：提供包含珍珠岩、水凝水泥、和水的可固化组合物，其中珍珠岩和水凝水泥在与水混合之前进行相互研磨而形成可固化组合物；以及允许可固化组合物固化。
另一个实施方式提供一种固井的方法，包括：提供包含未膨胀珍珠岩、水凝水泥、和水的可固化组合物，其中未膨胀珍珠岩和水凝水泥在与水混合之前进行相互研磨而形成可固化组合物；将可固化组合物引入到钻井孔中；以及允许可固化组合物固化。
又一个实施方式提供一种包含互研磨的珍珠岩和水凝水泥的组合物。
本发明的特征和优点对于本领域技术人员而言是显而易见的。尽管本领域技术人员能够做出很多变化，但这些变化都在本发明的精神之内。
具体实施方式
本发明可固化组合物的实施方式可以包含珍珠岩。适用于本发明的实施方式的珍珠岩包括膨胀珍珠岩和未膨胀珍珠岩。在一些实施方式中，可固化组合物可以包含与水凝水泥互研磨的珍珠岩。在一些实施方式中，可固化组合物可以包含含有水泥窑粉尘（“CKD”）、火山浮岩（火山尘埃）、或其组合的未膨胀珍珠岩。对于本发明的方法和组合物具有几个潜在的优点，其中仅仅一些可以在本文中提及。本发明实施方式的许多潜在优点之一是在可固化组合物的实施方式中包含未膨胀珍珠岩可以提高可固化组合物在固化后的耐压强度。本发明实施方式的另一潜在优点是CKD、未膨胀珍珠岩、火山浮岩、或它们的组合可以用于降低高成本组分如波特兰水泥的量，得到更加经济的可固化组合物。本发明实施方式又一个潜在优点是波特兰水泥用量降低能够减少固井操作的碳足迹。
珍珠岩是一种矿石，而一般是指天然存在的火山岩，主要包含二氧化硅和氧化铝的无定形硅质岩。珍珠岩的一个特点是，当暴露于高温下由于珍珠岩内水突然汽化，它可以膨胀而形成蜂窝状的高孔隙率粒子或含多孔状核的空心球粒子。膨胀珍珠岩可用作用于制作轻量可固化组合物的降密度剂。适用于本发明实施方式的珍珠岩包括膨胀珍珠岩和未膨胀珍珠岩。在一些实施方式中，珍珠岩可以包含未膨胀珍珠岩。
最近已经发现，将未膨胀珍珠岩加入到包含CKD和/或火山浮岩的可固化组合物中，可以出乎意料地提高抗压强度。根据本发明的实施方式，所述未膨胀珍珠岩可用于增加包含CKD和/或火山浮岩的可固化组合物的抗压强度。此外，未膨胀珍珠岩能够增加包含波特兰水泥的可固化组合物的抗压强度。据信，根据本发明的实施方式未膨胀珍珠岩尤其适用于在升高的钻井孔温度，如在大于约80℉，可替代的大于约120℉，以及可替代的大于约140℉的温度下使用。
在一个实施方式中，未膨胀珍珠岩可以尤其适用于代替成本较高的水凝胶结组分，如波特兰水泥，致使可固化组合物更加经济。此外，未膨胀珍珠岩替代波特兰水泥应该致使可固化组合物具有降低的碳足迹。
在本发明实施方式中，珍珠岩能够研磨成适用于固井操作的任何尺寸。在一个实施方式中，珍珠岩研磨成平均粒径为约1微米至约400微米，可替代地，约1微米至约100微米，以及可替代地，约1微米至约25微米。平均粒径对应于按照商购可获得的粒径分析仪如由MalvernInstruments，Worcestershire，英国制造的那些测定的d50值。在另一个实施方式中，珍珠岩具有约1微米至约1,000微米的粒径分布，而平均粒径为约1微米至约100微米。粒径分布对应于该分布中允许的最大和最小尺寸。合适的未膨胀研磨的珍珠岩的实例可以获自Hess Pumice Products,Inc.，Malad City，Idaho，商标名IM-325，筛目尺寸325。
珍珠岩可以按照足以提供所需耐压强度、密度、成本降低和/或降低的碳足迹的用量包含于可固化组合物中。在一些实施方式中，这种珍珠岩可以按照水凝胶结组分的按重量计约1%至约75%范围内的量存在于本发明的可固化组合物中。水凝胶结组分包括可固化组合物水力固化，或者要不然硬化，而产生耐压强度的那些组分或组分组合，包括，例如，珍珠岩、CKD、粉煤灰、火山浮岩、炉渣、石灰、页岩等。例如，所述珍珠岩可以按照任何约5%、约10%、约15%、约20%、约25%、约30%、约35%、约40%、约45%、约50%、约55%、约60%、约65%、或约70%之间的量和/或包括任何这些量的量存在。在具体的实施方式中，珍珠岩可以按照水凝胶结组分的按重量计约5%至约50%范围内的量存在于可固化组合物中。在另一个实施方式中，珍珠岩可以按照水凝胶结组分的按重量计约10%至约40%范围内的量存在。在又一个实施方式中，珍珠岩可以按照水凝胶结组分的按重量计约20%至约30%范围内的量存在。本领域普通技术人员受益于本公开，将会找到对所选应用要包含的珍珠岩的合适用量。
在一个特定的实施方式中，珍珠岩能够与水凝水泥一起互研磨。在一个实施方式中，这种水凝水泥可以是波特兰水泥，如分类为ASTM V型水泥的那些。在另一个实施方式中，珍珠岩能够与水凝水泥和火山浮岩一起相互研磨。在另一个实施方式中，这种珍珠岩能够与水凝水泥和CKD一起互研磨。本文中所用的术语“互研磨”或“相互研磨”是指使用磨床（例如，球磨机，棒磨机等）而降低特定组分的粒径。据信，相比于互研磨的火山浮岩和水凝水泥，互研磨的珍珠岩和水凝水泥可以在随后的可固化组合物中提供加速的强度增长。进一步举例而言，据信，互研磨的珍珠岩和水凝水泥，相比于掺混单独研磨的物质，可以提供后续可固化组合物的提高的强度性质。
在一些实施方式中，互研磨的珍珠岩和水凝水泥可以按照互研磨的珍珠岩和水凝水泥的按重量计约0.1%至约99%的量包含珍珠岩以及按照互研磨的珍珠岩和水凝水泥的按重量计约0.1%至约99%的用量包含水凝水泥。例如，珍珠岩可以按照互研磨的珍珠岩和水凝水泥的任何按重量计约5%、约10%、约15%、约20%、约25%、约30%、约35%、约40%、约45%、约50%、约55%、约60%、约65%、约70%、约75%、约80%、约85%、约90%、或约95%之间的范围内的量和/或包括任何这些量的量存在。进一步举例而言，水凝水泥可以按照互研磨的珍珠岩和水凝水泥的任何按重量计约5%、约10%、约15%、约20%、约25%、约30%、约35%、约40%、约45%、约50%、约55%、约60%、约65%、约70%、约75%、约80%、约85%、约90%、或约95%之间的范围内的量和/或包括任何这些量的量存在。
根据这些实施方式，水凝水泥和珍珠岩可以混合并研磨成任何适用于固井操作的尺寸。在另一个实施方式中，水凝水泥和/或珍珠岩可以在混合前进行研磨。在又一个实施方式中，珍珠岩可以研磨至第一粒径而随后与水凝水泥一起互研磨至第二粒径。在一个实施方式中，互研磨的珍珠岩和水凝水泥具有约0.1微米至约400微米的平均粒径，包括任何约0.5微米、约1微米、约2微米、约5微米、约10微米、约25微米、约50微米、约75微米、约100微米、约150微米、约200微米、约250微米、约300微米、或约350微米之间的范围内的粒径数和/或包括任何这些粒径数。例如，互研磨的珍珠岩和水凝水泥可以具有约0.5微米至约50微米的平均粒径。进一步举例而言，互研磨的珍珠岩和水凝水泥可以具有约0.5微米至约10微米的平均粒径。平均粒径对应于按照商购可获得的粒径分析仪如由Malvern Instruments，Worcestershire，英国制造的那些测定的d50值。在一些实施方式中，互研磨的珍珠岩和水凝水泥可以具有双峰粒径分布。例如，互研磨的珍珠岩和水凝水泥可以具有的双峰粒径分布第一峰为约1微米至约7微米并且第二峰为约7微米至约15微米，或者，第一峰为约3微米至约5微米并且第二峰为约9微米至约11微米，可替代地，第一峰为约4微米并且第二峰为约10微米。
在一些实施方式中，互研磨的珍珠岩和水凝水泥在可固化组合物中可以按照水凝胶结组分的按重量计约0.1%至约100%范围内的量存在。例如，互研磨的珍珠岩和水凝水泥可以按照水凝胶结组分的任何按重量计约5%、约10%、约15%、约20%、约25%、约30%、约35%、约40%、约45%、约50%、约55%、约60%、约65%、约70%、约75%、约80%、约85%、约90%、或约95%之间的范围内的量和/或包括任何这些量的量存在。本领域普通技术人员受益于本公开，将会找到对所选应用要包含的互研磨的珍珠岩和水凝水泥的合适用量。
可固化组合物的实施方式可以进一步包含水凝水泥。正如先前所提及，根据某些实施方式水凝水泥可以与珍珠岩互研磨。根据本发明的实施方式可以使用任何各种适用于地下固井操作的水凝水泥。合适的实例包括包含钙、铝、硅、氧和/或硫的水凝水泥，其通过与水反应而固化和硬化。这种水凝水泥，包括，但不限于，波特兰水泥、火山灰水泥、石膏水泥、高氧化铝含量水泥、矿渣水泥、二氧化硅/石灰水泥以及它们的组合。在某些实施方式中，水凝水泥可以包含波特兰水泥。可以适用于本发明实施方式的波特兰水泥根据2005年7月美国石油协会（American PetroleumInstitute）的油井水泥测试实践惯例（Recommended Practice for Testing WellCements），API规范10B-2（ISO10426-2）第一版分类为A、C、H和G类的水泥。另外，在一些实施方式中，适用于本发明的水泥可以包括分类为ASTM I、II、III、IV或V型的水泥。
水凝水泥可以按照足以适用于具体应用的用量包含于可固化组合物中。在一些实施方式中，水凝水泥可以按照水凝胶结组分的按重量计约0.1%至约99%的范围内的量存在于可固化组合物中。例如，水凝水泥可以按照水凝胶结组分的任何按重量计约5%、约10%、约15%、约20%、约25%、约30%、约35%、约40%、约45%、约50%、约55%、约60%、约65%、约70%、约75%、约80%、约85%、约90%、或约95%之间的范围内的量和/或包括任何这些量的量存在。本领域普通技术人员受益于本公开，将会找到对所选应用要包含的水凝水泥的合适用量。
可固化组合物的实施方式一般可以进一步包含CKD。应该理解本发明的实施方式也可以涵盖将CKD与珍珠岩和水凝水泥一起相互研磨。通常，在水泥生产中收集大量通常会作为废物处置的CKD。废物CKD的处置可对水泥生产增加不良成本，以及与其处置相关的环境问题。来自不同水泥生产商的CKD的化学分析取决于许多因素而变化，包括具体的炉料（入窑生料，kiln feed）、水泥生产运行效率、以及相关的粉尘收集系统。CKD一般可以包含许多氧化物，如SiO2、A12O3、Fe2O3、CaO、MgO、SO3、Na2O、和K2O。
CKD一般可以表现出水凝胶结性质，因为其可以在水存在下发生固化和硬化。根据本发明的实施方式，CKD尤其可以用于代替较高成本的水凝胶结组分，如波特兰水泥，致使可固化组合物更加经济。另外，CKD代替波特兰水泥能够致使可固化组合物的碳足迹降低。
CKD可以按照足以提供所需耐压强度、密度、成本降低和/或降低碳足迹的用量包含于可固化组合物中。在一些实施方式中，CKD可以按照水凝胶结组分的按重量计约1%至约95%范围内的量存在于本发明的可固化组合物中。例如，CKD可以按照的任何约5%、约10%、约15%、约20%、约25%、约30%、约35%、约40%、约45%、约50%、约55%、约60%、约65%、约70%、约75%、约80%、或约90%之间的范围内的量和/或包括任何这些量的量存在。在具体的实施方式中，CKD可以按照水凝胶结组分的按重量计约5%至约95%范围内的量存在于可固化组合物中。在另一个实施方式中，这种CKD可以按照水凝胶结组分的按重量计约50%至约90%的范围内的量存在。在又一个实施方式中，CKD可以按照水凝胶结组分的按重量计约60%至约80%的范围内的量存在。本领域普通技术人员受益于本公开，将会找到对所选的应用要包含的CKD合适的用量。
可固化组合物的实施方式可以进一步包含火山浮岩（火山尘埃）。应该理解到，本发明的实施方式也涵盖火山浮岩与珍珠岩和水凝水泥互研磨。一般而言，火山浮岩是一种能够表现出水凝胶结性能（似水泥性能，cementitious property）的火山岩，因为在熟石灰和水存在下可以固化和硬化。熟石灰可以组合火山浮岩使用，例如，为火山浮岩固化提供足够的钙离子。根据本发明的实施方式，火山浮岩尤其可以用于代替较高成本的水凝胶结组分，如波特兰水泥，致使可固化组合物更加经济。正如先前提及，代替波特兰水泥应该也导致可固化组合物的碳足迹降低。
在火山浮岩存在的情况下，火山浮岩可以按照足以为具体应用提供所需耐压强度、密度、成本降低和/或降低的碳足迹的量存在。在一些实施方式中，火山浮岩可以按照水凝胶结组分的按重量计约1%至约95%范围内的量存在于本发明的可固化组合物中。例如，火山浮岩可以按照水凝胶结组分的任何按重量计约5%、约10%、约15%、约20%、约25%、约30%、约35%、约40%、约45%、约50%、约55%、约60%、约65%、约70%、约75%、约80%、或约90%之间的范围内的量和/包括任何这些量的量存在。在具体实施方式中，火山浮岩可以按照水凝胶结组分的按重量计约5%至约95%范围内的量存在于本发明的可固化组合物中。在另一个实施方式中，火山浮岩可以按照水凝胶结组分的按重量计约5%至约80%范围内的量存在。在又一个实施方式中，火山浮岩可以按照水凝胶结组分的按重量计约10%至约50%范围内的量存在。在又一个实施方式中，火山浮岩可以按照水凝胶结组分的按重量计约25%至约50%范围内的量存在。本领域普通技术人员受益于本公开，将会找到对所选应用要包含的火山浮岩的合适用量。
可固化组合物的实施方式可以进一步包含石灰。在某些实施方式中，所述石灰可以是熟石灰。石灰可以包含于可固化组合物的实施方式中，例如，以与可固化组合物的其它组分，如火山浮岩，粉煤灰，炉渣和/或页岩一起形成水凝组合物。在石灰存在的情况下，石灰可以按照足够于具体应用的量包含于可固化组合物中。在一些实施方式中，石灰可以按照水凝胶结组分的按重量计约1%至约40%范围内的量存在。例如，石灰可以按照任何约5%、约10%、约15%、约20%、约25%、约30%、或约35%之间的范围内的量和/或包含任何这些量的量存在。在具体实施方式中，石灰可以按照水凝胶结组分的按重量计约5%至约20%的量存在。本领域普通技术人员受益于本公开，将会找到对所选应用要包含的石灰的合适用量。
根据某些实施方式，火山浮岩和水凝水泥，如波特兰水泥的混合物可以包含于可固化组合物中。在一个实施方式中，水泥/火山浮岩混合物包含按照混合物的按重量计约25%至约75%的量的水凝水泥以及按照混合物的按重量计约25%至约75%的量的火山浮岩。在一个实施方式中，水泥/火山浮岩混合物包含按重量计约40%的水凝水泥和按重量计约60%的火山浮岩。在一个实施方式中，水泥/火山浮岩混合物可以包含与火山浮岩互研磨的水凝水泥。在一个实施方式中，水凝水泥可以包含分类为ASTM V型水泥的波特兰水泥。根据这些实施方式，波特兰水泥和火山浮岩可以混合而研磨成适用于固井操作的任何尺寸。在另一个实施方式中，波特兰水泥和火山浮岩可以在混合之前进行研磨。在一个实施方式中，波特兰水泥和火山浮岩的水泥/火山浮岩混合物具有的平均粒径为约0.1微米至约400微米，可替代地，约0.5微米至约50微米，可替代地，约0.5微米至约10微米。平均粒径对应于按照商购可获得的粒径分析仪如由MalvernInstruments，Worcestershire，英国制造的那些测定的d50值。合适的水泥、火山浮岩混合物的实例可以获自Halliburton Energy Services公司，商标名为FineCemTM925水泥。
据信，与火山浮岩互研磨的水凝水泥当与未膨胀珍珠岩组合用于可固化组合物中时可以提供协同效应。例如，据信未膨胀珍珠岩和水泥/火山浮岩混合物的组合，尤其是在升高的油井钻孔温度下，可以提供显著更高的耐压强度。因此，未膨胀珍珠岩和水泥/火山浮岩混合物的组合尤其适用于升高的油井钻井温度下的可固化组合物，如高于约80℉，可替代地高于约120℉，可替代地高于约140℉的温度。
可固化组合物的实施方式可以进一步包含粉煤灰。各种粉煤灰可以是适合的，包括根据1990年7月1日美国石油协会的API油井水泥材料和测试规范，API规范10第5版（American Petroleum Institute，APISpecification for Materials and Testing for Well Cements，API Specification10，Fifth Ed.）分类为C类和F类的粉煤灰。C类粉煤灰同时包括氧化硅和石灰而使之，当与水混合时，其应该固化而形成硬化块。F类粉煤灰一般并不含有足够的石灰，因此通常对于F类粉煤灰需要另外的钙离子源才能形成水凝组合物。在一些实施方式中，石灰可以与F类粉煤灰按照粉煤灰的按重量计约0.1%至约25%的量混合。在一些情况下，这种石灰可以是熟石灰。粉煤灰合适的实例包括，但不限于，
Figure BDA00003499912200101
A石灰添加剂，可商购获自Halliburton Energy Services公司。
在存在粉煤灰的情况下，粉煤灰一般可以按照足以提供所需耐压强度、密度和/或成本的量包含于可固化组合物中。在一些实施方式中，粉煤灰可以按照水凝胶结组分的按重量计约1%至约75%范围内的量存在于本发明的可固化组合物中。例如，粉煤灰可以按照水凝胶结组分的任何按重量计约5%、约10%、约20%、约30%、约40%、约50%、约60%、或约70%之间的范围内的量和/或包括任何这些量的量存在。在具体的实施方式中，粉煤灰可以按照水凝胶结组分的按重量计约10%至约60%范围内的量存在。本领域普通技术人员受益于本公开，将会找到对所选应用要包含的粉煤灰的合适用量。
可固化组合物的实施方式可以进一步包含矿渣水泥。在一些实施方式中，可以适用的矿渣水泥包含炉渣（矿渣，slag）。炉渣一般并不含足够的碱性材料，因此矿渣水泥可以进一步包含碱以生产可以与水反应而固化形成硬化块的水凝组合物。合适的碱来源的实例包括，但不限于，氢氧化钠、碳酸氢钠、碳酸钠、石灰、以及它们的组合。
在存在矿渣水泥的情况下，矿渣水泥一般可以按照足以提供所需耐压强度、密度和/或成本的用量包含于可固化组合物中。在一些实施方式中，矿渣水泥可以按照水凝胶结组分的按重量计约1%至约75%的量存在于本发明的可固化组合物中。例如，矿渣水泥可以按照水凝胶结组分的任何按重量计约5%、约10%、约20%、约30%、约40%、约50%、约60%、或约70%之间的范围内的量和/或包括任何这些量的量存在。在具体的实施方式中，矿渣水泥可以按照水凝胶结组分的按重量计约5%至约50%范围内的量存在。本领域普通技术人员受益于本公开，将会找到对所选应用要包含的矿渣水泥的合适用量。
可固化组合物的实施方式可以进一步包含偏高岭土。一般而言，偏高岭土是一种可以通过将高岭粘土加热至，例如，600至约800℃的温度范围而制备的白色的火山灰。在一些实施方式中，所述偏高岭土可以按照水凝胶结组分的按重量计约1%至约75%范围内的量存在于本发明的可固化组合物中。例如，偏高岭土可以按照水凝胶结组分的任何按重量计约5%、约10%、约20%、约30%、约40%、约50%、约60%、或约70%之间的范围内的量和/或包括任何这些量的量存在。在具体实施方式中，偏高岭土可以按照水凝胶结组分的按重量计约10%至约50%范围内的量存在。一个本领域普通技术人员受益于本公开，将会找到对所选应用要包含的偏高岭土的合适用量。
可固化组合物的实施方式可以进一步包含页岩。可固化组合物中包含的页岩尤其可以与过量石灰反应而形成合适的固井材料，例如，硅酸钙水合物。各种页岩可以是适合的，包括含有硅、铝、钙、和/或镁的那些。合适的页岩实例包括玻璃化页岩。合适的玻璃化页岩的实例包括，但不限于，PRESSUR-SEAL FINE LCM材料和PRESSUR-SEAL COARSE LCM材料，这可以商购获自TXI Energy Services公司。一般而言，页岩可以具有对于具体应用所需的任何粒径分布。在某些实施方式中，页岩可以具有约37微米至约4,750微米范围的粒径分布。
在存在页岩的情况下，页岩可以按照足以提供所需耐压强度、密度和/或成本的用量包含于本发明可固化组合物中。在一些实施方式中，所述页岩可以按照水凝胶结组分的按重量计约1%至约75%范围内的量存在于本发明的可固化组合物中。例如，页岩可以按照水凝胶结组分的任何按重量计约5%、约10%、约20%、约30%、约40%、约50%、约60%、或约70%之间的范围内的量和/或包括任何这些量的量存在。在具体实施方式中，页岩可以按照水凝胶结组分的按重量计约10%至约35%范围内的量存在。本领域普通技术人员受益于本公开，将会找到对所选应用要包含的页岩的合适用量。
可固化组合物的实施方式可以进一步包含沸石。沸石一般是多孔铝硅酸盐矿物，可以是天然的或合成的物质。合成沸石是基于与天然沸石相同类型的结构单元，并可以包含铝硅酸盐水合物。正如本文中所用的术语“沸石”是指所有的天然和合成形式的沸石。合适的沸石实例详细描述于美国专利号7,445,669中。沸石的合适来源的实例可以获自加拿大的C2C ZeoliteCorporation of Calgary。在一些实施方式中，沸石可以按照水凝胶结组分的按重量计约1%至约65%范围内的量存在于本发明的可固化组合物中。例如，沸石可以按照水凝胶结组分的任何按重量计约5%、约10%、约20%、约30%、约40%、约50%、或约60%之间的范围内的量和/或包括任何这些量的量存在。在具体实施方式中，沸石可以按照水凝胶结组分的按重量计约10%至约40%范围内的量存在。本领域普通技术人员受益于本公开，将会找到对所选应用要包含的沸石的合适用量。
可固化组合物的实施方式可以进一步包含固化延迟剂。正如本文中所用的术语“固化延迟剂”是指延迟本发明可固化组合物固化的添加剂。合适的固化延迟剂的实例包括，但不限于，铝、碱金属、碱土金属、磺基烷基化木质素的金属盐、有机酸（例如，羟基羧酸）、包含丙烯酸和马来酸的共聚物、以及它们的混合。合适的磺基烷基化木质素的一个实例包括磺基甲基化木质素。合适的固化延迟剂更详细地公开于美国专利好Re.31,190中，其全部公开通过引用并入本文。合适的固化延迟剂可商购自HalliburtonEnergy Services公司，商标名为
Figure BDA00003499912200131
Figure BDA00003499912200132
SCRTM100、和SCRTM500延迟剂。一般而言，在使用固化延迟剂时，固化延迟剂可以按照足以提供所需固化延迟的量包含于本发明的可固化组合物中。在一些实施方式中，固化延迟剂可以按照水凝胶结组分的按重量计约0.1%至约5%范围内的量，包括水凝胶结组分的任何按重量计约0.5%、约1%、约2%、约3%、或约4%之间的范围内的量和/或包括任何这些量的量存在于本发明的可固化组合物中。本领域普通技术人员受益于本公开，将会找到对所选应用要包含的固化延迟剂的合适用量。
可固化组合物的实施方式可以进一步包含水。可固化组合物的实施方式中可以使用的水包括，例如，淡水，咸水（盐水，saltwater）（例如，包含溶解于其中的一种或多种盐的水），盐水（brine）（例如，由地层产生的饱和咸水），海水，或它们的组合。一般而言，这种水可以来自任何来源，条件是水不含可能不良影响可固化组合物中其它组分的过量化合物。在一些实施方式中，可以按照足以形成可泵送的料浆的量包含水。在一些实施方式中，水可以按照水凝胶结组分的按重量计约40%至约200%范围内的量包含于本发明的可固化组合物中。例如，水可以按照水凝胶结组分的任何按重量计约50%、约75%、约100%、约125%、约150%、或约175%之间的范围内的量和/或包括任何这些量的量存在。在具体实施方式中，水可以按照水凝胶结组分的按重量计约40%至约150%范围内的量包含在内。本领域普通技术人员受益于本发明公开，将会找到对于所选应用要包含的水的合适用量。
可选地，受益于本公开，可以根据本领域技术人员认为合适的，将其它附加添加剂加入到本发明的可固化组合物中。这类添加剂的实例包括，但不限于，强度退化剂、固化加速剂、增重剂、轻量剂、气体发生剂、机械性能增强剂、堵漏材料、滤失控制剂（过滤控制剂，filtration-controladditive）、分散剂、降失水剂（降滤失剂，流体损失控制剂，fluid loss controladditive）、消泡剂、起泡剂、油溶胀性粒子、水溶胀性粒子、触变剂、以及它们的混合。这些和其它添加剂的实例包括结晶二氧化硅、无定形二氧化硅、煅制二氧化硅（气相二氧化硅）、盐、纤维、水合性粘土、微球、谷壳灰、弹性体、弹性体粒子、树脂、乳胶、以及它们的组合等。本领域内具有普通技能的人员受益于本公开，将易于能够确定适用于具体应用和所需结果的添加的剂类型和用量。可固化组合物的实施方式可以按照本领域普通技术人员所需进行发泡和/或膨胀。
本发明的可固化组合物应该具有按照本领域内普通技术人员所需，受益于本发明公开的适用于具体应用的密度。在一些实施方式中，可固化组合物可以具有约8磅/加仑（“lb/gal”）至约16lb/gal范围内的密度。在其它实施方式中，可固化组合物可以发泡至约8lb/gal至约13lb/gal范围内的密度。
正如本领域普通技术人员的理解，可固化组合物的实施方式可以适用于许多地下应用，包括初级固井和修补固井。本发明的可固化组合物也可以用于表面应用，例如，建筑结构加固（construction cementing）。这些实施方式可以包括提供可固化的组合物和允许可固化组合物固化。在一些实施方式中，可以允许可固化组合物在地面之上的位置，例如在建筑结构加固中固化。在其它实施方式中，可以将可固化组合物引入到钻井孔中并允许固化。例如，可固化组合物可以置入地层和位于钻井孔中的管路之间的空间中。可固化组合物的实施方式可以包括，例如，水和一种或多种珍珠岩、CKD、或火山浮岩。可固化组合物的实施方式可以包括，例如，与水凝水泥（例如，波特兰水泥）互研磨的珍珠岩。
在初级固井实施方式中，例如，可以将可固化组合物引入到地层和位于钻井孔中的管路（例如，管柱、衬管）之间的空间中。可以允许可固化组合物固化以在地层和管路之间的空间中形成硬化水泥的环形护套。除此之外，固化的可固化组合物可以形成阻隔层，防止钻井孔中的流体迁移。固化的可固化组合物也可以，例如，支撑钻井孔中的管路。
在修补固井实施方式中，可固化组合物可以用于，例如，挤压固井操作或代替水泥塞。举例而言，可固化组合物可以置于钻井孔中以堵塞地层中、砾石填充层中、管路中、水泥环（水泥外壳，cement sheath）、和/或水泥环和管路之间的微环隙中的空隙或裂口。
为了便于更好理解本发明，以下给出了一些实施方式某些方面的实施例。以下的实施例绝不能理解为限制或界定本发明的范围。
实施例1
制备了一系列样品并根据API规范10进行24-h压碎强度测试以分析包含未膨胀珍珠岩的可固化组合物的耐受力性质。允许样品组合物在以下表中所示温度的水浴中固化24h。在从水浴中移出之后立即采用TiniusOlsen测试仪测定压碎强度。压碎强度测试结果在下表中给出。
对14.2ppg且含水、波特兰H级水泥、研磨的未膨胀珍珠岩、石灰、和水的样品进行1-6号试验，如以下表所示。研磨的未膨胀珍珠岩是来自Hess Pumice Products的IM-325，具有约325目美国标准筛目（U.S.StandardMesh）的粒径。
对密度为14.2ppg且含水、波特兰H级水泥、火山浮岩、和石灰的样品进行7-8号试验，如以下表所示。火山浮岩尺寸为约200目美国标准筛目。
对密度为14.2ppg且含水、研磨的水泥/火山浮岩混合物（FineCemTM925水泥）、未膨胀珍珠岩、石灰、和水的样品进行9-14号试验，如以下表所示。研磨的水泥/火山浮岩混合物包含与火山浮岩（按重量计约60%）互研磨的波特兰V型水泥（按重量计约40%）。研磨的水泥/火山浮岩混合物具有平均粒径范围为约1至约4微米。未膨胀珍珠岩是来自Hess PumiceProducts的IM-325，具有约325目美国标准筛目的粒径。
在以下表中，重量百分比基于样品中波特兰水泥、水泥/火山浮岩混合物、火山浮岩、和未膨胀珍珠岩的重量，而加仑/袋（gal/sk）基于94-磅袋装的波特兰水泥、水泥/火山浮岩混合物、火山浮岩、和未膨胀珍珠岩。
表1压碎强度试验
Figure BDA00003499912200161
由此实施例1表明，用未膨胀珍珠岩代替至少一部分波特兰水泥可以提高可固化组合物的压碎强度。在140℉下，例如，相比于采用按重量计100%波特兰水泥的1号试验的674psi压碎强度，采用未膨胀珍珠岩的2号和4号试验具有886psi和777psi的压碎强度。
实施例1进一步表明，研磨火山浮岩/水泥混合物与未膨胀珍珠岩组合可对可固化组合物产生协同效应，因为这种组合可以提供升高温度下的压碎强度。在140℉下，例如采用研磨的火山浮岩/水泥混合物和未膨胀珍珠岩的12号和14号试验具有2740psi和2610psi的压碎强度。这种压碎强度显著高于采用100%波特兰水泥的组合物的压碎强度（674psi，140℉）和采用并未研磨至精细粒径的波特兰水泥和火山浮岩的组合物（835psi和734psi，140℉）。这种研磨的火山浮岩/水泥混合物和未膨胀珍珠岩组合的耐压强度升高不能仅归引于膨胀珍珠岩的添加，因为这种组合具有比向波特兰水泥中添加未膨胀珍珠岩（777psi和886psi，140℉）所观察到的显著更高的压碎强度。另外，研磨的火山浮岩/水泥混合物和未膨胀珍珠岩组合的耐压强度升高不能仅归因于加膨胀珍珠岩的添加，因为这种组合具有比单独采用研磨的火山浮岩/水泥混合物（1877，140℉）所观察到的显著更高的压碎强度。
实施例2
制备了另外系列的可固化组合物样品并对包含CKD和未膨胀珍珠岩的可固化组合物的耐受力性质进行分析。允许样品组合物在以下表中所示温度的水浴中固化24h或72h。在从水浴中移出之后立即采用Tinius Olsen测试仪测定压碎强度。压碎强度测试结果在下表中给出。
对密度为14.2ppg且含水、CKD、研磨的未膨胀珍珠岩、和石灰的样品进行15-28号试验，如以下表所示。样品进一步按照按重量计约0.4%的量包含水泥固化延迟剂（CFR-3TM水泥固化延迟剂，Halliburton EnergyServices公司）。研磨的未膨胀珍珠岩是来自Hess Pumice Products的IM-325，具有约325目美国标准筛目的粒径。
在以下表中，重量百分比基于样品中CKD和未膨胀珍珠岩的重量，而加仑/袋（gal/sk）基于94-磅袋装的CKD和未膨胀珍珠岩。
表2压碎强度试验
Figure BDA00003499912200181
实施例2由此表明，未膨胀珍珠岩可以用于增强含CKD的组合物的压碎强度。另外，这种效应在升高的温度下尤其显著。在140℉下，例如，相比于采用按重量计100%CKD的18号试验的457psi的72-h压碎强度，采用75%的CKD和25%的未膨胀珍珠岩的22号试验具有1004psi的72-h压碎强度。
实施例3
制备了另外系列的可固化组合物样品并对包含CKD和未膨胀珍珠岩的可固化组合物的耐受力性质进行分析。允许样品组合物在以下表中所示温度的水浴中固化24h。在从水浴中移出之后立即采用Tinius Olsen测试仪测定压碎强度。压碎强度测试结果在下表中给出。
对密度为14.2ppg且含水、CKD、研磨的未膨胀珍珠岩、和石灰的样品进行29-37号试验，如以下表所示。样品进一步按照按重量计约0.4%的量含有水泥分散剂。研磨的未膨胀珍珠岩是来自Hess Pumice Products的IM-325，具有约325目美国标准筛目的粒径。
对密度为14.2ppg且含水、波特兰H级水泥、火山浮岩、和石灰的样品进行7-8号试验，如以下表所示。火山浮岩尺寸为约200目美国标准筛目。
在以下表中，重量百分比基于样品中CKD和未膨胀珍珠岩的重量，而加仑/袋（gal/sk）基于94-磅袋装的CKD和未膨胀珍珠岩。
表3压碎强度试验
Figure BDA00003499912200191
实施例3由此表明，未膨胀珍珠岩可以用于增强含CKD的组合物的压碎强度。例如，如上表中所示，样品的压碎强度随着样品未膨胀珍珠岩浓度从按重量计0%升高至40%而稳定升高。
实施例4
制备了另外系列的可固化组合物样品并对包含CKD和未膨胀珍珠岩的可固化组合物的耐受力性质进行分析。允许样品组合物在以下表中所示温度的水浴中固化24h。在从水浴中移出之后立即采用Tinius Olsen测试仪测定压碎强度。压碎强度测试结果在下表中给出。
对密度为14.2ppg且含水、CKD、珍珠岩、和石灰的样品进行38-43号试验，如以下表所示。样品进一步按照按重量计约0.4%的量含有水泥分散剂。38号和39号试验含有来自Hess Pumice Products平均粒径为约325目美国标准筛目的研磨未膨胀珍珠岩（IM-325）。42号和43号试验含有膨胀珍珠岩。
在以下表中，重量百分比基于样品中CKD和未膨胀珍珠岩的重量，而加仑/袋（gal/sk）基于94-磅袋装的CKD和未膨胀珍珠岩。
表4压碎强度试验
实施例4由此表明，相比于未研磨的珍珠岩矿石和膨胀珍珠岩，未膨胀珍珠岩对含CKD的组合物提供了优良的强度增强作用。实际上，具有膨胀珍珠岩的样品由于可混合性问题甚至不能进行测试。
实施例5
制备了另外系列的可固化组合物样品并进一步分析包含CKD和未膨胀珍珠岩的可固化组合物。允许样品组合物在以下表中所示温度的水浴中固化24h。在从水浴中移出之后立即采用Tinius Olsen测试仪测定压碎强度。压碎强度测试结果在下表中给出。每一个样品的增稠时间也根据API规范10在140℉下进行测定。
对密度为12.5ppg且含CKD、珍珠岩、和石灰的样品进行44-56号试验，如以下表中所示。样品进一步含有按重量计约0.4%的量的水泥分散剂和水泥固化延迟剂水泥延迟剂，Halliburton Energy Services公司）。45号、48号、51号、和54号试验含有来自Hess Pumice Products的平均粒径约为314美国标准筛目的研磨的未膨胀珍珠岩（IM-325）。46号、49号、52号、和55号试验含有未研磨的珍珠岩矿石，具有约190的平均粒径（d50）。47号、50号、53号、和56号试验含有膨胀珍珠岩。
在以下表中，重量百分比基于样品中CKD和未膨胀珍珠岩的重量，而加仑/袋（gal/sk）基于94-磅袋装的CKD和未膨胀珍珠岩。
表5压碎强度和增稠时间试验
实施例5由此表明，相比于未研磨的珍珠岩矿石和膨胀珍珠岩，未膨胀珍珠岩对含CKD的组合物提供了增强的强度。按照类似于前一实施例的方式，采用膨胀珍珠岩的样品由于可混合性问题甚至不能进行测试。
实施例6
制备了另外系列的可固化组合物样品并进一步分析包含CKD和未膨胀珍珠岩的可固化组合物。允许样品组合物在以下表中所示温度的水浴中固化24h。在从水浴中移出之后立即采用Tinius Olsen测试仪测定压碎强度。压碎强度测试结果在下表中给出。
对密度为12.5ppg且含水、波特兰V型水泥、CKD、未研磨的珍珠岩矿石、和火山浮岩的样品进行57号试验，如以下表中所示。未研磨的珍珠岩矿石具有约190的平均粒径（d50）。火山浮岩具有约4微米的平均粒径（d50）。
对密度为12.5ppg且含水、研磨的水泥/火山浮岩混合物、火山浮岩、CKD、和研磨的未膨胀珍珠岩的样品进行58号试验。研磨的水泥/火山浮岩混合物包含与火山浮岩（按重量计约60%）互研磨的波特兰V型水泥（按重量计约40%）。研磨的水泥/火山浮岩混合物具有约1-4微米的平均粒径。研磨的未膨胀珍珠岩是来自Hess Pumice Products的IM-325，具有约325目美国标准筛目的粒径。
在以下表中，重量百分比基于样品中CKD、水泥、珍珠岩、火山浮岩、和/或火山浮岩/水泥混合物的重量，而加仑/袋（gal/sk）基于样品中94-磅袋装的CKD、水泥、珍珠岩、火山浮岩、和/或火山浮岩/水泥混合物。
表6压碎强度试验
Figure BDA00003499912200221
实施例6表明，相比于具有标准水泥、火山浮岩、和未研磨的珍珠岩矿石的组合物，组合研磨的火山浮岩的未膨胀珍珠岩对于含CKD的组合物提供了增强的强度。
实施例7
制备了另外系列的样品可固化组合物并进行试验而分析包含互研磨的珍珠岩和水凝水泥的可固化组合物。
样品可固化组合物通过按照以下表中给出的量混合这些组分而形成。这种互研磨的火山浮岩和水泥包含火山浮岩（按重量计约60%）和波特兰V型水泥（按重量计约40%）并具有约1-4微米的平均粒径。这种互研磨的火山浮岩和水泥可获自Halliburton Energy Services公司，商标名为FineCemTM925水泥。互研磨的珍珠岩和水泥包含研磨的未膨胀珍珠岩（按重量计约60%）和波特兰V型水泥（按重量计约40%）而所具有的双峰粒径分布具有约4微米和约10微米的峰粒径。这种互研磨的珍珠岩和水泥获自爱达荷州马拉德市的Hess Pumice Products。石灰是熟石灰，获自美国尤尼维尔。
样品组合物根据API规范10经受24-h压碎强度试验。允许样品组合物在以下表中所示温度的水浴中固化24h。在从水浴中移出之后立即采用Tinius Olsen测试仪测定压碎强度。
压碎强度测试结果在下表中给出。
表7压碎强度试验
Figure BDA00003499912200231
1术语“%bwc”是指按照水泥的重量计，在该实施例中其是按照互研磨的火山浮岩和水泥的重量计或者按照互研磨的珍珠岩和水泥的重量计。
2将1.2g CFR-3TM摩擦减弱剂添加至用于60号试验的样品可固化组合物中。
实施例7由此表明，相比于互研磨的火山浮岩和水凝水泥，互研磨的珍珠岩和水凝水泥提供了增强的耐压强度发展。应该注意到，相比于具有互研磨的火山浮岩和水泥的59号试验，60号试验中包含的CFR-3TM延迟了固化，导致较低的24-h压碎强度。
实施例8
制备了另外系列的样品可固化组合物并进行测试而进一步分析包含互研磨的珍珠岩和水凝水泥的可固化组合物。
样品可固化组合物通过按照在下表中给出的量混合这些组分而形成。互研磨的火山浮岩和水泥包含火山浮岩（按重量计约60%）和波特兰V型水泥（按重量计约40%）并具有约1-4微米的平均粒径。互研磨的火山浮岩和水泥可获自Halliburton Energy Services公司，商标名为FineCemTM925水泥。互研磨的珍珠岩和水泥包含研磨的未膨胀珍珠岩（按重量计约60%）和波特兰V型水泥（按重量计约40%）并且所具有的双峰粒径分布的峰粒径为约4微米和约10微米。互研磨的珍珠岩和水泥获自HessPumice Products，Malad City，Idaho。
样品组合物根据API规范10经受24-h压碎强度试验。允许样品组合物在以下表中所示温度的水浴中固化24h。在从水浴中移出之后立即采用Tinius Olsen测试仪测定压碎强度。每一个样品的增稠时间也根据API规范10在140℉下进行测定。
压碎强度和增稠时间的测试结果在下表中给出。
表8压碎强度和增稠时间试验
Figure BDA00003499912200251
1缩写“%bwc”是指按照水泥的重量计，在该实施例中其是按照互研磨的火山浮岩和水泥的重量计或按照互研磨的珍珠岩和水泥的重量计。
2缩写“Bc”是指稠度的比尔登单位（Bearden units）。
实施例8由此表明，包含互研磨的珍珠岩和水凝水泥的可固化组合物可以具有适用于地下应用的可接受增稠时间。实施例8进一步表明，相比于互研磨的火山浮岩和水凝水泥，互研磨的珍珠岩和水凝水泥一般提供了增强的抗压强度发展并能够类似地采用延迟剂进行控制。
实施例9
制备了另外系列的样品可固化组合物并进行测试而进一步分析包含互研磨的珍珠岩和水凝水泥的可固化组合物。
样品可固化组合物通过按照以下表中给出的用量混合这些组分而形成。互研磨的火山浮岩和水泥包含火山浮岩（按重量计约60%）和波特兰V型水泥（按重量计约40%）并具有约1-4微米的平均粒径。互研磨的火山浮岩和水泥可获自Halliburton Energy Services公司，商标名为FineCemTM925水泥。互研磨的珍珠岩和水泥包含研磨的未膨胀珍珠岩（按重量计约60%）和波特兰V型水泥（按重量计约40%）并且所具有的双峰粒径分布的峰粒径为约4微米和约10微米。互研磨的珍珠岩和水泥获自HessPumice Products，Malad City，Idaho。
然后根据API规范10对每一样品组合物收集游离水数据。游离水数据在下表中给出。
表9游离水数据
Figure BDA00003499912200261
1缩写“%bwc”是指按照水泥的重量计，在该实施例中其是按照互研磨的火山浮岩和水泥的重量计或按照互研磨的珍珠岩和水泥的重量计。
2缩写“cc”是指立方厘米。
由此实施例9表明，相比于互研磨的火山浮岩和水凝水泥，包含互研磨的珍珠岩和水凝水泥的可固化组合物可以提供较低水平的游离水。
应该理解到，组合物和方法以术语“包括”，“含有”或“包含”各种组分或步骤而进行了描述，组合物和方法也可以“基本上由”或“由”各种组分和步骤“组成”。
为了简洁起见，只有某些范围明确公开于本文中。然而，任何下限的范围可以组合任何上限而引述并未明确引述的范围，以及，任何下限的范围可以组合任何其他下限而引述未明确引述的范围，按照相同的方式，任何上限的范围可以组合任何其他上限而引述并未明确引述的范围。此外，每当公开具有下限和上限的数值范围时，都专门公开了任何数字和落入此范围的任何所包含的范围。具体而言，本文中公开的每一范围的值（形式为，“约a至约b”，或等价地，“约a至b”，或等价地，从约a-b”）都应该理解为给出了较宽范围的值内涵盖的每个数字和范围，即使没有明确引述也是如此。因此，每个点或各个值都可以用作组合了任何其他点或各个值或任何其它下限或上限的其本身的下限或上限，而引述并未明确引述的范围。
因此，本发明充分适应于获得提到的这些目的和优点以及其中所固有的那些。上述公开的具体实施方式仅仅是说明性的，因为本发明可以通过受益于本文的教导，按照本领域技术人员显而易见的不同而等价的方式进行修改和实施。虽然讨论了各个实施方式，但是本发明涵盖了所有这些实施方式的所有组合。此外，除了按照所附权利要求的描述以外，并不意在限制本文中所示的结构和设计的细节。此外，除非由专利权人另外明确而清晰地定义，在权利要求中的术语具有其平常的普通含义。因此，很明显，以上公开的具体示例性说明的实施方式可以进行替换和修改而所有或这些变化被认为在本发明的范围和精神之内。

Claims (28)

1.一种固井的方法，包括：
提供包含珍珠岩、水凝水泥、和水的可固化组合物，其中所述珍珠岩和水凝水泥在与所述水混合之前进行相互研磨以形成所述可固化组合物；以及
允许所述可固化组合物固化。
2.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其中所述珍珠岩包括未膨胀珍珠岩。
3.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其中所述珍珠岩和所述水凝水泥相互研磨至平均粒径为约0.1微米至约400微米。
4.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其中所述珍珠岩和所述水凝水泥相互研磨至平均粒径为约0.5微米至约10微米。
5.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其中所述珍珠岩以所述珍珠岩和水凝水泥的按重量计约40%至约80%的量存在，并且其中所述水凝水泥以所述珍珠岩和水凝水泥的按重量计约20%至约60%的量存在。
6.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其中所述水凝水泥包括选自由以下所组成的组中的至少一种水泥：波特兰水泥、火山灰水泥、石膏水泥、高氧化铝含量水泥、矿渣水泥、二氧化硅/石灰水泥、以及它们的任意组合。
7.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其中所述水凝水泥包括波特兰水泥。
8.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其中所述珍珠岩和所述水凝水泥与选自由水泥窑粉尘和火山浮岩所组成的组中的至少一种另外的组分一起相互研磨。
9.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其中所述可固化组合物进一步包含水泥窑粉尘。
10.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其中所述可固化组合物进一步包含火山浮岩。
11.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其中所述可固化组合物进一步包含选自由以下所组成的组中的至少一种添加剂：石灰、粉煤灰、矿渣水泥、偏高岭土、页岩、沸石、结晶二氧化硅、无定形二氧化硅、煅制二氧化硅、盐、纤维、水合性粘土、微球、谷壳灰、弹性体、弹性体粒子、树脂、乳胶、以及它们的任意组合。
12.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其中所述可固化组合物进一步包含选自由以下所组成的组中的至少一种添加剂：固化延迟剂、强度退化剂、固化加速剂、增重剂、轻量剂、气体发生剂、机械性能增强剂、堵漏材料、滤失控制剂、分散剂、降失水剂、消泡剂、起泡剂、油溶胀性粒子、水溶胀性粒子、触变剂、以及它们的任意组合。
13.根据权利要求1所述的方法，进一步包括将所述可固化组合物引入到钻井孔中。
14.根据权利要求13所述的方法，其中允许所述可固化组合物在所述钻井孔中固化于地层和所述钻井孔中的管路之间的环带中。
15.根据权利要求13所述的方法，进一步包括在开孔中挤压出所述可固化组合物，所述开孔包括选自由以下所组成的组中的至少一种开孔：地层中的开孔、砾石过滤层中的开孔、管路中的开孔、以及水泥环和管路之间的微环隙。
16.一种固井的方法，包括：
提供包含未膨胀珍珠岩、水凝水泥、和水的可固化组合物，其中所述未膨胀珍珠岩和水凝水泥在与所述水混合之前进行相互研磨以形成所述可固化组合物；
将所述可固化组合物引入到钻井孔中；以及
允许所述可固化组合物固化。
17.根据权利要求16所述的方法，其中所述珍珠岩和水凝水泥相互研磨至平均粒径为约0.5微米至约10微米。
18.根据权利要求16所述的方法，其中所述珍珠岩以所述珍珠岩和水凝水泥的按重量计约40%至约80%的量存在，并且其中所述水凝水泥以所述珍珠岩和水凝水泥的按重量计约20%至约60%的量存在。
19.根据权利要求16所述的方法，其中所述水凝水泥包括选自由以下所组成的组中的至少一种水泥：波特兰水泥、火山灰水泥、石膏水泥、高氧化铝含量水泥、矿渣水泥、二氧化硅/石灰水泥、以及它们的任意组合。
20.根据权利要求16所述的方法，其中所述水凝水泥包括波特兰水泥。
21.根据权利要求16所述的方法，其中所述珍珠岩和所述水凝水泥与选自由水泥窑粉尘和火山浮岩所组成的组中的至少一种另外的组分一起相互研磨。
22.根据权利要求16所述的方法，其中所述可固化组合物进一步包含水泥窑粉尘。
23.根据权利要求16所述的方法，其中所述可固化组合物进一步包含火山浮岩。
24.根据权利要求16所述的方法，其中所述可固化组合物进一步包含选自由以下所组成的组中的至少一种添加剂：石灰、粉煤灰、矿渣水泥、偏高岭土、页岩、沸石、结晶二氧化硅、无定形二氧化硅、煅制二氧化硅、盐、纤维、水合性粘土、微球、谷壳灰、弹性体、弹性体粒子、树脂、乳胶、以及它们的任意组合。
25.根据权利要求16所述的方法，其中所述可固化组合物进一步包含选自由以下所组成的组中的至少一种添加剂：固化延迟剂、强度退化剂、固化加速剂、增重剂、轻量剂、气体发生剂、机械性能增强剂、堵漏材料、滤失控制剂、分散剂、降失水剂、消泡剂、起泡剂、油溶胀性粒子、水溶胀性粒子、触变剂、以及它们的任意组合。
26.根据权利要求16所述的方法，其中允许所述可固化组合物在所述钻井孔中固化于地层和所述钻井孔中的管路之间的环带中。
27.根据权利要求16所述的方法，进一步包括在开孔中挤压出所述可固化组合物，所述开孔包括选自由以下所组成的组中的至少一种开孔：地层中的开孔、砾石过滤层中的开孔、管路中的开孔以及水泥环和管路之间的微环隙。
28.一种组合物，包含：
互研磨的珍珠岩和水凝水泥。
CN2012800051623A 2011-07-11 2012-07-10 包含互研磨的珍珠岩和水凝水泥的可固化组合物 Pending CN103459348A (zh)

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