CN103495809A - Laser-MIG composite heat source welding method for thick plate aluminum alloy - Google Patents
Laser-MIG composite heat source welding method for thick plate aluminum alloy Download PDFInfo
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- CN103495809A CN103495809A CN201310441330.XA CN201310441330A CN103495809A CN 103495809 A CN103495809 A CN 103495809A CN 201310441330 A CN201310441330 A CN 201310441330A CN 103495809 A CN103495809 A CN 103495809A
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/346—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring in combination with welding or cutting covered by groups B23K5/00 - B23K25/00, e.g. in combination with resistance welding
- B23K26/348—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring in combination with welding or cutting covered by groups B23K5/00 - B23K25/00, e.g. in combination with resistance welding in combination with arc heating, e.g. TIG [tungsten inert gas], MIG [metal inert gas] or plasma welding
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/60—Preliminary treatment
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K2101/00—Articles made by soldering, welding or cutting
- B23K2101/18—Sheet panels
- B23K2101/185—Tailored blanks
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K2103/00—Materials to be soldered, welded or cut
- B23K2103/08—Non-ferrous metals or alloys
- B23K2103/10—Aluminium or alloys thereof
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Abstract
The invention relates to a welding method, in particular to a laser-MIG composite heat source welding method for a thick plate aluminum alloy, and aims to solve the technical problems that according to an existing welding method for aluminum alloy material, penetration capacity is poor, and many pores are formed. The laser-MIG composite heat source welding method includes the steps that (1), a thick plate aluminum alloy workpiece to be welded is subjected to chemical cleaning; (2), the thick plate aluminum alloy workpiece to be welded is fixed on a working table after undergoing the treatment in the step (1), and the weld assembling clearance of the thick plate aluminum alloy workpiece to be welded is smaller than 15% of the thickness of the thick plate aluminum alloy workpiece to be welded; (3), a laser generating device is adopted for emitting laser beams, a consumable electrode metal-inert gas welding (MIG) power source is simultaneously adopted for generating electric arcs, and then laser-MIG composite heat source welding is carried out. According to the laser-MIG composite heat source welding method, the penetration capacity is high, the welding process is stable, and weld pores are few. The invention belongs to the field of welding.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of welding method.
Background technology
The physics that aluminium alloy is good with it, chemistry and mechanical performance, be widely used at many key areas of national defence and economic construction.As a kind of important light metal structure material, except aerospace industry, high strength alumin ium alloy also is applied to bullet train, light-duty vehicle etc. more and more, to meet the ever-increasing Light-duty Structural requirement of transport facility.In recent years, along with the rise of energy-saving and emission-reduction, automotive light weight technology is more and more paid close attention to.Adopt aluminium alloy to replace the steel plate materials welding, can significantly alleviate construction weight, the energy-saving and emission-reduction material that makes aluminium and aluminium alloy become to have competitiveness.
Although aluminium alloy is huge at the application potential of the industries such as auto industry, but application percentage is compared with steel and is also had larger gap, most of Automobile Enterprises is also still being attempted use among a small circle, one of them major reason is exactly that the weldability of aluminium alloy is not as steel, lack of fusion easily appears in the welding of aluminium alloy, subside, defects i.e.cracks, make strength of joint be difficult to guarantee.At present, the methods such as MIG weldering commonly used, TIG weldering are carried out welding aluminum alloy materials, although these two kinds of methods can access good welding point, these two kinds of methods have the shortcomings such as penetration ability, welding deformation is large, production efficiency is low.In recent years, the welding method that some are advanced, as friction rabbling welding, electron beam welding, Laser Welding etc. successively are used to welding aluminum alloy, but effect is unsatisfactory.In Fast Heating and cooling procedure as Laser Welding of Aluminum Alloys, the hydrogen content of aluminium alloy has the variation of a jumping characteristic, thereby forms more pore.In addition, the ionization energy of aluminium alloy is relatively low, is easy to form photo plasma in welding process, and the overheated and diffusion of plasma can cause the welding stability variation, and in the laser keyhole welding, unsettled aperture can cave in and form larger air vent of craft.The laser-arc hybrid welding in industry technology has overcome the limitation of independent thermal source welding, has strengthened the new function of composite welding, and the electric arc when due to laser emission and electric arc anode spot, be positioned at the hot spot zone of action shrinks, and it is stable that electric arc becomes.But, due to the special welding characteristic of aluminium alloy, in the Laser-Arc Hybrid Welding of Al Alloy termination process, the welding of especially large thick aluminium alloy, the composite welding process is unstable, and appearance of weld is poor, and the existence of these problems has seriously hindered the application of large thick aluminium alloy in large-scale component.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is, in order to solve the method penetration ability that has welding aluminum alloy materials now, the technical problem that forms more pore, provides a kind of thick aluminum alloy plate laser-MIG composite heat power supply welding method.
Thick aluminum alloy plate laser-MIG composite heat power supply welding method is as follows:
One, thick aluminum alloy plate workpiece to be welded is immersed in acetone to 5～8 minutes, then put into sodium hydrate aqueous solution alkali cleaning 4～10min that mass concentration is 5～8% under the condition of 40～50 ℃, clear water rinses, after the nitric acid that to put into mass concentration be 20～30% again soaks 2～4min, clear water rinses, and at 80 ℃, dries 30 minutes;
Two, the thick aluminum alloy plate workpiece to be welded that will process through step 1 is fixed on workbench, and thick aluminum alloy plate workpiece assemble welding to be welded gap is less than 15% of thick aluminum alloy plate thickness of workpiece to be welded;
Three, adopt generating device of laser Emission Lasers light beam, adopt gas metal-arc welding to connect (MIG) power generation electric arc simultaneously, carry out the welding of laser-MIG composite heat power supply, gas metal-arc welding is DC reverse connection welding or pulse mode;
Wherein the laser power of laser beam described in step 3 is 4～6kW, and spot diameter is 0.3mm, and speed of welding is 1.0～2.0m/min, and laser beam angular is 8～15 degree, and the laser beam incline direction is identical with laser scanning direction;
The welding current of gas metal-arc welding described in step 3 is that 120A～180A, weldingvoltage are 24～28V.
Laser beam described in step 3 is CO
2gas laser light beam, Nd:YAG Solid State Laser light beam, semiconductor laser beam or optical-fiber laser light beam.
The inventive method success by laser thermal source and arc-welding thermal source efficient coupling, can bring into play two kinds of thermals source advantage separately, the deep penetrating advantage of laser is fully utilized, and the adding of arc-welding thermal source, the pore serious problems that the laser weld thick aluminum alloy plate efficiently solved exists.In the laser-MIG composite heat power supply welding method, the plasma that laser forms in aluminum alloy surface provides stable conductive channel for electric arc, can guarantee that electric arc still can stablize in the flank speed service condition.In addition, DC reverse connection MIG electric arc has the effect of cathode cleaning aluminum alloy surface oxide-film, makes laser beam welding more stable.The inventive method penetration ability is strong, and welding process is stable, and weld porosity is few.
The accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is thick aluminum alloy plate laser-MIG composite heat power supply welding method schematic diagram of the present invention, and in figure, 1 means laser beam, and 2 mean the MIG welding gun, and 3 mean to treat welding line, and 4 mean thick aluminum alloy plate workpiece to be welded;
Fig. 2 is the experiment one thick aluminum alloy plate laser-MIG composite heat power supply welding high speed instantaneous photo of making a video recording;
Fig. 3 is experiment one thick aluminum alloy plate laser-MIG composite heat power supply welding cross section, and in figure, W means weld width, and M means the electric arc fusion penetration, and W1 means minimum molten wide, and R means root reinforcement;
Fig. 4 means to test the rear joint extension test sample photo of a thick aluminum alloy plate laser-MIG composite heat power supply welding;
Fig. 5 means to test the rear joint extension test sample photo of two thick aluminum alloy plate laser-MIG composite heat power supply welding.
The specific embodiment
Technical solution of the present invention is not limited to the following cited specific embodiment, also comprises any combination between each specific embodiment.
The specific embodiment one: present embodiment thick aluminum alloy plate laser-MIG composite heat power supply welding method is as follows:
One, thick aluminum alloy plate workpiece to be welded is immersed in acetone to 5～8 minutes, then put into sodium hydrate aqueous solution alkali cleaning 4～10min that mass concentration is 5～8% under the condition of 40～50 ℃, clear water rinses, after the nitric acid that to put into mass concentration be 20～30% again soaks 2～4min, clear water rinses, and at 80 ℃, dries 30 minutes;
Two, the thick aluminum alloy plate workpiece to be welded that will process through step 1 is fixed on workbench, and thick aluminum alloy plate workpiece assemble welding to be welded gap is less than 15% of thick aluminum alloy plate thickness of workpiece to be welded;
Three, adopt generating device of laser Emission Lasers light beam, adopt consumable electrode gas shielded welding power-supply to produce electric arc simultaneously, carry out the welding of laser-MIG composite heat power supply, gas metal-arc welding is DC reverse connection;
Wherein the laser power of laser beam described in step 3 is 4～6kW, and spot diameter is 0.3mm, and speed of welding is 1.0～2.0m/min, and the laser beam angle of inclination is 8～15 degree, and the laser beam incline direction is identical with laser scanning direction;
The welding current of gas metal-arc welding described in step 3 is that 120A～180A, weldingvoltage are 24V～28V.
In the present embodiment step 3, adopt the power supply type of gas metal-arc welding to be: the common source of welding current, to have and reduce short circuiting transfer splash power supply, particle transition or the spray transfer high-current supply of function.
The specific embodiment two: what present embodiment was different from the specific embodiment one is that the laser beam described in step 3 is CO
2gas laser light beam, Nd:YAG Solid State Laser light beam, semiconductor laser beam or optical-fiber laser light beam.Other is identical with the specific embodiment one.
The specific embodiment three: what present embodiment was different from one of the specific embodiment one or two is that after putting into the nitric acid immersion 3min that mass concentration is 25% in step 1, clear water rinses.Other is not identical with one of the specific embodiment one or two.
The specific embodiment four: present embodiment is different from one of specific embodiment one to three is that the laser power of laser beam described in step 3 is 5kW, and spot diameter is 0.3mm, and speed of welding is 1.5m/min, and the laser beam angle of inclination is 10 degree.Other is identical with one of specific embodiment one to three.
The specific embodiment five: present embodiment is different from one of specific embodiment one to four is that the welding current of gas metal-arc welding described in step 3 is that 130A, weldingvoltage are 25V.Other is identical with one of specific embodiment one to four.
The specific embodiment six: present embodiment thick aluminum alloy plate laser-MIG composite heat power supply welding method is as follows:
One, thick aluminum alloy plate workpiece to be welded is immersed in acetone to 5～8 minutes, then put into sodium hydrate aqueous solution alkali cleaning 4～10min that mass concentration is 5～8% under the condition of 40～50 ℃, clear water rinses, after the nitric acid that to put into mass concentration be 20～30% again soaks 2～4min, clear water rinses, and at 80 ℃, dries 30 minutes;
Two, the thick aluminum alloy plate workpiece to be welded that will process through step 1 is fixed on workbench, and thick aluminum alloy plate workpiece assemble welding to be welded gap is less than 15% of thick aluminum alloy plate thickness of workpiece to be welded;
Three, adopt generating device of laser Emission Lasers light beam, adopt consumable electrode gas shielded welding power-supply to produce electric arc simultaneously, carry out the welding of laser-MIG composite heat power supply, gas metal-arc welding is pulse mode;
Wherein the laser power of laser beam described in step 3 is 4～6kW, and spot diameter is 0.3mm, and speed of welding is 1.0～2.0m/min, and the laser beam angle of inclination is 8～15 degree, and the laser beam incline direction is identical with laser scanning direction;
The welding current of gas metal-arc welding described in step 3 is that 60A～140A, weldingvoltage are 24V～28V.
In the present embodiment step 3, adopt the power supply type of gas metal-arc welding to be: the common source of welding current, to have and reduce short circuiting transfer splash power supply, particle transition or the spray transfer high-current supply of function.
The specific embodiment seven: what present embodiment was different from the specific embodiment six is that the laser beam described in step 3 is CO
2gas laser light beam, Nd:YAG Solid State Laser light beam, semiconductor laser beam or optical-fiber laser light beam.Other is identical with the specific embodiment six.
The specific embodiment eight: what present embodiment was different from the specific embodiment six or seven is that after putting into the nitric acid immersion 3min that mass concentration is 25% in step 1, clear water rinses.Other is identical with the specific embodiment six or seven.
The specific embodiment nine: present embodiment is different from one of specific embodiment six to eight is that the laser power of laser beam described in step 3 is 5kW, and spot diameter is 0.3mm, and speed of welding is 1.5m/min, and the laser beam angle of inclination is 10 degree.Other is identical with one of specific embodiment six to eight.
The specific embodiment ten: present embodiment is different from one of specific embodiment six to nine is that the welding current of gas metal-arc welding described in step 3 is that 80A, weldingvoltage are 25V.Other is identical with one of specific embodiment six to nine.
Adopt following experimental verification effect of the present invention:
Experiment one:
Thick aluminum alloy plate laser-MIG composite heat power supply welding method is as follows:
One, the thick Birmasil workpiece of 8mm to be welded is immersed in acetone to 6 minutes, then put into the sodium hydrate aqueous solution alkali cleaning 5min that mass concentration is 6% under the condition of 42 ℃, clear water rinses, after the nitric acid that to put into mass concentration be 22% again soaks 3min, clear water rinses, and at 80 ℃, dries 30 minutes;
Two, the thick Birmasil workpiece of 8mm to be welded that will process through step 1 is fixed on workbench, and the thick Birmasil workpiece assemble welding of 8mm to be welded gap is 1mm;
Three, adopt generating device of laser Emission Lasers light beam to be welded, when adopting generating device of laser Emission Lasers light beam to be welded, adopt gas metal-arc welding to carry out the DC reverse connection welding;
Wherein the laser power of laser beam described in step 3 is 4kW, and spot diameter is 0.3mm, and speed of welding is 1.2m/min, and laser beam angular is 10 degree;
The welding current of gas metal-arc welding described in step 3 is that 130A, weldingvoltage are 25V.
Experiment two:
Thick aluminum alloy plate laser-MIG composite heat power supply welding method is as follows:
One, the thick Birmasil workpiece of 8mm to be welded is immersed in acetone to 7 minutes, then put into the sodium hydrate aqueous solution alkali cleaning 8min that mass concentration is 7% under the condition of 48 ℃, clear water rinses, after the nitric acid that to put into mass concentration be 28% again soaks 3min, clear water rinses, and at 80 ℃, dries 30 minutes;
Two, the thick Birmasil workpiece of 8mm to be welded that will process through step 1 is fixed on workbench, and the thick Birmasil workpiece assemble welding of 8mm to be welded gap is 0.5mm;
Three, adopt generating device of laser Emission Lasers light beam to be welded, when adopting generating device of laser Emission Lasers light beam to be welded, adopt gas metal-arc welding to carry out pulse welding;
Wherein the laser power of laser beam described in step 3 is 5kW, and spot diameter is 0.3mm, and speed of welding is 1.5m/min, and laser beam angular is 12 degree;
The welding current of gas metal-arc welding described in step 3 is that 70A, weldingvoltage are 26V.
Claims (10)
1. thick aluminum alloy plate laser-MIG composite heat power supply welding method is characterized in that thick aluminum alloy plate laser-MIG composite heat power supply welding method is as follows:
One, thick aluminum alloy plate workpiece to be welded is immersed in acetone to 5～8 minutes, then put into sodium hydrate aqueous solution alkali cleaning 4～10min that mass concentration is 5～8% under the condition of 40～50 ℃, clear water rinses, after the nitric acid that to put into mass concentration be 20～30% again soaks 2～4min, clear water rinses, and at 80 ℃, dries 30 minutes;
Two, the thick aluminum alloy plate workpiece to be welded that will process through step 1 is fixed on workbench, and thick aluminum alloy plate workpiece assemble welding to be welded gap is less than 15% of thick aluminum alloy plate thickness of workpiece to be welded;
Three, adopt generating device of laser Emission Lasers light beam, adopt consumable electrode gas shielded welding power-supply to produce electric arc simultaneously, carry out the welding of laser-MIG composite heat power supply, gas metal-arc welding is DC reverse connection;
Wherein the laser power of laser beam described in step 3 is 4～6kW, and spot diameter is 0.3mm, and speed of welding is 1.0～2.0m/min, and the laser beam angle of inclination is 8～15 degree, and the laser beam incline direction is identical with laser scanning direction;
The welding current of gas metal-arc welding described in step 3 is that 120A～180A, weldingvoltage are 24V～28V.
2. thick aluminum alloy plate laser-MIG composite heat power supply welding method according to claim 1, is characterized in that the laser beam described in step 3 is CO
2gas laser light beam, Nd:YAG Solid State Laser light beam, semiconductor laser beam or optical-fiber laser light beam.
3. according to the described thick aluminum alloy plate laser-MIG of claim 1 or 2 composite heat power supply welding method, after it is characterized in that in step 1 putting into the nitric acid immersion 3min that mass concentration is 25%, clear water rinses.
4. according to the described thick aluminum alloy plate laser-MIG of claim 1 or 2 composite heat power supply welding method, the laser power that it is characterized in that laser beam described in step 3 is 5kW, spot diameter is 0.3mm, and speed of welding is 1.5m/min, and the laser beam angle of inclination is 10 degree.
5. according to the described thick aluminum alloy plate laser-MIG of claim 1 or 2 composite heat power supply welding method, the welding current that it is characterized in that gas metal-arc welding described in step 3 is that 130A, weldingvoltage are 25V.
6. thick aluminum alloy plate laser-MIG composite heat power supply welding method is characterized in that thick aluminum alloy plate laser-MIG composite heat power supply welding method is as follows:
One, thick aluminum alloy plate workpiece to be welded is immersed in acetone to 5～8 minutes, then put into sodium hydrate aqueous solution alkali cleaning 4～10min that mass concentration is 5～8% under the condition of 40～50 ℃, clear water rinses, after the nitric acid that to put into mass concentration be 20～30% again soaks 2～4min, clear water rinses, and at 80 ℃, dries 30 minutes;
Two, the thick aluminum alloy plate workpiece to be welded that will process through step 1 is fixed on workbench, and thick aluminum alloy plate workpiece assemble welding to be welded gap is less than 15% of thick aluminum alloy plate thickness of workpiece to be welded;
Three, adopt generating device of laser Emission Lasers light beam, adopt consumable electrode gas shielded welding power-supply to produce electric arc simultaneously, carry out the welding of laser-MIG composite heat power supply, gas metal-arc welding is pulse mode;
Wherein the laser power of laser beam described in step 3 is 4～6kW, and spot diameter is 0.3mm, and speed of welding is 1.0～2.0m/min, and the laser beam angle of inclination is 8～15 degree, and the laser beam incline direction is identical with laser scanning direction;
The welding current of gas metal-arc welding described in step 3 is that 60A～140A, weldingvoltage are 24V～28V.
7. thick aluminum alloy plate laser-MIG composite heat power supply welding method according to claim 6, is characterized in that the laser beam described in step 3 is CO
2gas laser light beam, Nd:YAG Solid State Laser light beam, semiconductor laser beam or optical-fiber laser light beam.
8. according to the described thick aluminum alloy plate laser-MIG of claim 6 or 7 composite heat power supply welding method, after it is characterized in that in step 1 putting into the nitric acid immersion 3min that mass concentration is 25%, clear water rinses.
9. according to the described thick aluminum alloy plate laser-MIG of claim 6 or 7 composite heat power supply welding method, the laser power that it is characterized in that laser beam described in step 3 is 5kW, spot diameter is 0.3mm, and speed of welding is 1.5m/min, and the laser beam angle of inclination is 10 degree.
10. according to the described thick aluminum alloy plate laser-MIG of claim 6 or 7 composite heat power supply welding method, the welding current that it is characterized in that gas metal-arc welding described in step 3 is that 80A, weldingvoltage are 25V.
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| CN106475684A (en) * | 2016-12-19 | 2017-03-08 | 中国矿业大学 | A kind of laser electrical arc complex welding method reducing Welded pore |
| CN106862771A (en) * | 2017-03-17 | 2017-06-20 | 石家庄铁道大学 | A kind of laser assisted melt pole electrical arc for high temperature alloy increases material connection method |
| CN108356394A (en) * | 2018-02-11 | 2018-08-03 | 中铝材料应用研究院有限公司 | A kind of method in cathode cleaning region during control Welded |
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