CN103555903B - Preparation method for improving mechanical property of giant magnetostrictive material - Google Patents

Preparation method for improving mechanical property of giant magnetostrictive material Download PDF

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CN103555903B
CN103555903B CN201310571290.0A CN201310571290A CN103555903B CN 103555903 B CN103555903 B CN 103555903B CN 201310571290 A CN201310571290 A CN 201310571290A CN 103555903 B CN103555903 B CN 103555903B
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giant magnetostrictive
magnetostrictive material
alloy
preparation
pressure
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CN103555903A (en
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高学绪
牟星
包小倩
李纪恒
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University of Science and Technology Beijing USTB
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Abstract

The invention relates to a preparation method for improving the mechanical property of a giant magnetostrictive material, and belongs to the field of magnetic materials. The preparation method concretely comprises the following steps of preparing a giant magnetostrictive material terbium-dysprosium-iron alloy with specific orientation through blending, vacuum smelting and directional solidification; placing a sample to be treated into a heat treating furnace, vacuumizing to 0.01 Pa, and then starting heating; continuously vacuumizing in a temperature increasing process; after the temperature inside the heat treating furnace is increased to 800-1200 DEG C, stopping vacuumization; introducing high-purity argon to increase the pressure inside the heat treating furnace to 1-20 MPa, and preserving the heat for 30-180 minutes; after heat preservation is finished, stopping heating, and after the sample is cooled, taking out. According to the invention, the growth of an RFe2 phase contained in the terbium-dysprosium-iron alloy can be inhibited through high-pressure heat treatment; the holes and microcracks can be decreased by regulating the diffusion and separation of a rare earth-rich phase; the coalescence of the microcracks of the material is promoted, so that the mechanical property of the giant magnetostrictive material can be improved, the waste, which is caused due to poor mechanical property, of the material is reduced, and the requirement for usage under the condition of more working conditions is met. The preparation method disclosed by the invention is easy to operate and suitable for industrialized production.

Description

A kind of preparation method who improves giant magnetostrictive material mechanical property
Technical field
The invention belongs to field of magnetic material, particularly a kind of preparation method who improves giant magnetostrictive material mechanical property.
Background technology
Rare earth ultra-magnetostriction material (exemplary alloy composition Tb xdy 1-xfe yx=0.27～0.35, y=1.9～2.0) there is the advantages such as high-magnetostriction coefficient, high-energy-density, high-energy conversion efficiency, fast response time, in the equipment such as low-frequency high-power underwater acoustic transducer, high power altrasonic transducer, the quick micro-displacement actuator of high precision, high energy micromachine power source, damping system, be applied, and continuing to expand Application Areas.But the Magnetostriction of rare earth ultra-magnetostriction material comes from RFe 2(R=Tb, Dy) phase, this is a kind of intermetallic compound mutually, has intrinsic fragility, poor mechanical property.Meanwhile, in the middle of this material inside organization, there are more hole and tiny crack to worsen material mechanical performance.This material, because poor mechanical property is easily damaged in the middle of reality is used, affects normally and uses.
The mechanical property of improving rare earth ultra-magnetostriction material has number of ways.Can in the time of design of alloy, add excessive rare earth element, make the original ratio of rare earth and iron be less than 2, can obtain so rich rare-earth phase and RFe 2the alloy structure coexisting mutually.And rich rare-earth phase has certain ductility, can stop the expansion of crackle in crystal, improve the mechanical property of material, can be referring to the people's such as Peterson work (Peterson D T, et al., Strength of Terfenol ?D.Journal of applied physics, 1989,65:3712.).Can, by introducing other alloying elements, as element substitution Fe such as Al, Be, V, improve the mechanical property of material.The result of study of Zheng Xiaoping shows, along with the increase of Al content, Tb 0.3dy 0.7(Fe 1-xal x) 1.95the ultimate compression strength of (x=0,0.05,0.10) be close to linear increasing (Zheng Xiaoping, Xue Desheng, Li Fashen. rare earth ultra-magnetostriction material Tb 0.3dy 0.7(Fe 1-xal x) 1.95performance and Mo&4&ssbauer spectrum research. Lanzhou University's journal (natural science edition), 2001,37 (4): 31-35.).The people such as Chin find Tb 0.3dy 0.7(Fe 1-xv x) 2(x=0,0.05,0.1,0.2) series alloy obtains highest hardness in the time of x=0.05, but Magnetostriction along with the increase of V content decline (Chin T S, F M Chen, J S Fang.Magnetostrictive properties of Tb 0.3dy 0.7(Fe 1-xv x) 2alloys.IEEE Transactions on magnetics, 1997,33:3946-3948.).Can also adjust weave construction by thermal treatment process, the pattern of controlling rich rare-earth phase improves mechanical property.The people such as Wu Wei have studied the impact of temper on <110> orientation giant magnetostrictive material impelling strength, found that temper can improve the impelling strength of material, the major cause that mechanical property changes is the form of temper because of rich rare-earth phase in its alloy, size, the variation distributing, the heat treatment process that is 1080 DEG C such as tempering temperature makes rich rare-earth phase flow between crystal boundary with liquid form, spread to intracrystalline, cause rich rare-earth phase to reassemble, distribute and be uniformly distributed in sample with less rich rare-earth phase particle.This rich rare-earth phase distributes and increases the probability of crack blunting, improved toughness of material (Wu Wei etc. the impact of temper on <110> orientation terbium dysprosium ferrum giant magnetostrictive material impelling strength. Acta Metallurgica Sinica, 2005 (10): 3-6.).
The comprehensive known technical scheme of improving giant magnetostrictive material mechanical property of above result of study mainly contains two kinds, improves materials microstructure by design of alloy, thermal treatment and realizes.Thermal treatment is mainly manifested in three aspects to the impact of giant magnetostrictive material weave construction: the diffusional precipitation of the rich rare-earth phase of (1) crystal boundary; (2) matrix RFe 2phase grain growth; (3) nodularization of the rich rare-earth phase of intracrystalline.The spherical rare-earth that wherein grain boundaries even dispersion distributes increases the probability that hinders crack propagation mutually, plays the effect of passivation crackle.Because of the diffusional precipitation of rare earth, cause the formation of a large amount of holes, tiny crack, stress concentration is very easily caused at these positions, reduces material mechanical performance.RFe 2as a kind of fragility phase, it is too grown up deterioration material mechanical performance.This explanation suppresses RFe 2when growing up mutually, improve rich rare-earth phase distribution, reducing the distribution in material of tiny crack, hole is the effective way of improving this material mechanical performance.
Hot high pressure is processed and in the preparation of the materials such as AlN pottery, xantal, Cold-rolled Steel 15, graphite-hexagonal boron nitride crystallite mixture, superconductor, is applied, and result shows that hot high pressure processing is significantly improved effect to these material properties.But the heat treated pressure range of high pressure adopting is at present generally at 1～50GPa, and high pressure certainly will have very high requirement to anti-high-low pressure impact and the stopping property of equipment, causes device structure complexity, and cost is high, is unfavorable for utilization and extention.
Summary of the invention
The present invention is directed to following problem: giant magnetostrictive material poor mechanical property, conventional Heat Treatment method cannot suppress RFe simultaneously 2grow up mutually, improve when rich rare-earth phase distributes and reduce the distribution in material of tiny crack, hole, propose a kind of preparation method who improves giant magnetostrictive material mechanical property.
Principle of the present invention based on: pressure, as the 3rd the physics parameter that is independent of temperature and chemical composition, has material impact to the weave construction of material.As some physical properties of metal or alloy (as temperature of fusion, thermal conductivity, density etc.) can change; Under high pressure, due to the change of solute spread coefficient, solute distribution coefficient, cause the pattern of freezing interface stability, solid-liquid interface and solidified structure to change; Also can cause alloy liquid-solid phase ratio, solid-solid phase-change generation essential change.
A kind of preparation method who improves giant magnetostrictive material mechanical property, it is characterized in that high-purity argon gas to pass in heat treatment furnace to form high pressure (pressure range 1～20MPa) environment, thereby the giant magnetostrictive material Tb-Dy-Fe alloy with <110> orientation is carried out to hot high pressure processing.Hot high pressure processing can suppress RFe 2growing up of phase; Can control the diffusion of rich rare-earth phase and separate out, reducing hole and tiny crack; Promote the healing of tiny crack in material.Specific embodiment of the invention step is:
1. there is the giant magnetostrictive material Tb-Dy-Fe alloy of <110> orientation through batching, vacuum metling, directional freeze preparation.
2. Tb-Dy-Fe alloy is put into high-pressure heat treatment furnace, be evacuated to and start heating after 0.01Pa.And in temperature-rise period, continue to vacuumize.Temperature rise (900～1200 DEG C) after assigned temperature in stove, stops vacuumizing.Pass into after high-purity argon gas makes furnace pressure rise to specified pressure (1～20MPa) and be incubated for some time (30～180min).
3. after insulation finishes, stop heating, wait the cooling rear taking-up of sample.
4. mechanical workout.
5. end properties detects.
The present invention proposes and Tb-Dy-Fe alloy is heat-treated with high-pressure inert gas (high-purity argon gas).Its advantage is:
1. suppress RFe 2growing up of phase, avoids RFe 2the mechanical properties decrease of too growing up and causing mutually;
2. control the diffusion of rich rare-earth phase and separate out, reducing the appearance of hole and tiny crack;
3. be conducive to the healing of tiny crack in material, improve material mechanical performance.
4. pressure is provided by high-purity argon gas, and pressing speed and pressure size are controllable;
5. the highest 20MPa of pressure of the present invention, is easy to manufacture than other high-tension apparatuses (pressure range is generally at 1～50GPa), is easy to suitability for industrialized production.
Embodiment
Although the specific embodiment of the present invention is described in detail with reference to following illustrative examples of the present invention; but should be noted that; in the situation that not departing from core of the present invention, the replacement that is equal to that any simple distortion, amendment or other those skilled in the art can not spend performing creative labour all falls into protection scope of the present invention.
Embodiment 1:<110> is orientated Tb 0.27dy 0.73fe 1.95the hot high pressure processing of alloy has followed these steps to:
1. there is the Tb of <110> orientation through batching, vacuum metling, directional freeze preparation 0.27dy 0.73fe 1.95alloy, it is of a size of diameter 10mm, length 100mm.
2. giant magnetostrictive material is put into high-pressure heat treatment furnace, be evacuated to and start heating after 0.01Pa.And in temperature-rise period, continue to vacuumize.After temperature rise to 1020 DEG C, stop vacuumizing.Pass into high-purity argon gas furnace pressure is risen to after specified pressure 15MPa, at 1020 DEG C of insulation 2h.
3. after insulation finishes, stop heating, after sample furnace cooling, take out.
4. mechanical workout.
5. end properties detects.
The contrast of its compressive property and Magnetostriction (magnetic field 80kA/m, 5MPa prestress) and conventional vacuum thermal treatment process, as table 1.
The impact of table 1.15MPa heat treatment mode on ultimate compression strength and magnetostriction coefficient
Embodiment 2:<110> is orientated Tb 0.27dy 0.73fe 1.95the hot high pressure processing of alloy has followed these steps to:
1. there is the Tb of <110> orientation through batching, vacuum metling, directional freeze preparation 0.27dy 0.73fe 1.95alloy, it is of a size of diameter 10mm, length 100mm.
2. giant magnetostrictive material is put into high-pressure heat treatment furnace, be evacuated to and start heating after 0.01Pa.And in temperature-rise period, continue to vacuumize.After temperature rise to 1020 DEG C, stop vacuumizing.Passing into high-purity argon gas makes furnace pressure rise to 1020 DEG C of insulation 2h after specified pressure 20MPa.
3. stop heating after finishing until insulation, take out after waiting sample furnace cooling.
4. mechanical workout.
5. end properties detects.
The contrast of its compressive property and Magnetostriction (magnetic field 80kA/m, 5MPa prestress) and conventional vacuum thermal treatment process, as table 2.
The impact of table 2.20MPa hot high pressure processing mode on ultimate compression strength and magnetostriction coefficient

Claims (3)

1. one kind is improved the preparation method of giant magnetostrictive material mechanical property, it is characterized in that high-purity argon gas to pass in heat treatment furnace to form hyperbaric environment, pressure range 1～20MPa, thus the giant magnetostrictive material Tb-Dy-Fe alloy with <110> orientation is carried out to hot high pressure processing;
Concrete technology step is:
1) there is through batching, vacuum metling, directional freeze preparation the giant magnetostrictive material Tb-Dy-Fe alloy that <110> is orientated;
2) pending giant magnetostrictive material Tb-Dy-Fe alloy sample is put into heat treatment furnace, be evacuated to and start heating after 0.01Pa; And in temperature-rise period, continue to vacuumize; Behind temperature rise to 800～1200 DEG C, stop vacuumizing in stove; Pass into after high-purity argon gas makes furnace pressure rise to 1～20MPa and be incubated 30～180min;
3) after insulation finishes, stop heating, wait the cooling rear taking-up of sample;
4) mechanical workout;
5) end properties detects.
2. a kind of preparation method who improves giant magnetostrictive material mechanical property as claimed in claim 1, the giant magnetostrictive material Tb-Dy-Fe alloy that it is characterized in that having <110> orientation is Tb 0.27dy 0.73fe 1.95alloy, hot high pressure processing has followed these steps to: the Tb through batching, vacuum metling, directional freeze preparation with <110> orientation 0.27dy 0.73fe 1.95alloy, it is of a size of diameter 10mm, length 100mm; Giant magnetostrictive material is put into high-pressure heat treatment furnace, be evacuated to and start heating after 0.01Pa; And in temperature-rise period, continue to vacuumize; After temperature rise to 1020 DEG C, stop vacuumizing; Pass into high-purity argon gas furnace pressure is risen to after specified pressure 15MPa, at 1020 DEG C of insulation 2h; After insulation finishes, stop heating, after sample furnace cooling, take out and obtain product.
3. a kind of preparation method who improves giant magnetostrictive material mechanical property as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that having <110> orientation Tb 0.27dy 0.73fe 1.95the hot high pressure processing of alloy has followed these steps to: the Tb through batching, vacuum metling, directional freeze preparation with <110> orientation 0.27dy 0.73fe 1.95alloy, it is of a size of diameter 10mm, length 100mm; Giant magnetostrictive material is put into high-pressure heat treatment furnace, be evacuated to and start heating after 0.01Pa; And in temperature-rise period, continue to vacuumize; After temperature rise to 1020 DEG C, stop vacuumizing; Pass into high-purity argon gas furnace pressure is risen to after specified pressure 20MPa, at 1020 DEG C of insulation 2h; After insulation finishes, stop heating, after sample furnace cooling, take out and obtain product.
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