CN103561672B - 外科器械和包括该外科器械的外科设备 - Google Patents

外科器械和包括该外科器械的外科设备 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN103561672B
CN103561672B CN201180064146.7A CN201180064146A CN103561672B CN 103561672 B CN103561672 B CN 103561672B CN 201180064146 A CN201180064146 A CN 201180064146A CN 103561672 B CN103561672 B CN 103561672B
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surgical instruments
surgical
shaft assembly
control unit
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CN103561672A (zh
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K·L·豪泽
F·B·斯图伦
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Ethicon Endo Surgery Inc
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Ethicon Endo Surgery Inc
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种外科器械，其包括主体、传输组件和开关。主体包括控制单元和一体式电源。电源能够操作以选择性地传送电力至控制单元。传输组件从主体向远侧延伸。传输组件还包括由控制单元驱动的端部执行器。开关与控制单元和电源连通。传输组件能够操作以致动开关，使电力能够从电源传送到控制单元。

Description

外科器械和包括该外科器械的外科设备
优先权
本专利申请要求于2010年11月5日提交的名称为“Energy-Based SurgicalInstruments”的美国临时申请序列号61/410,603的优先权，其公开内容以引用方式并入本文。本专利申请同时要求于2011年5月19日提交的名称为“Energy-Based SurgicalInstruments”的美国临时申请序列号61/487,846的优先权，其公开内容以引用方式并入本文。本专利申请同时要求于2011年10月19日提交的名称为“SELECTIVE ACTIVATION OFELECTRONIC COMPONENTS IN MEDICAL DEVICE”的美国非临时申请序列号13/276,707的优先权，其公开内容以引用方式并入本文。
背景技术
在一些环境下，内窥镜式外科器械可优于传统的开放式外科器械，因为较小的切口可减少术后恢复时间和并发症。因此，一些内窥镜式外科器械可适于将远端执行器通过套管针的套管设置在需要的手术部位处。这些远端执行器(例如，直线切割器、抓紧器、切割器、缝合器、施夹钳、进入装置、药物/基因治疗递送装置、以及使用超声、射频、激光等的能量递送装置)可以多种方式接合组织以达到诊断或治疗的效果。内窥镜式外科器械可包括位于端部执行器和由临床医生操纵的柄部部分之间的轴。这种轴使能够插入需要的深度并围绕轴的纵向轴线旋转，由此有利于将端部执行器定位在患者体内。
内窥镜式外科器械的例子包括公开于下述专利中的那些：2006年4月13日公布的名称为“Tissue Pad Use with an Ultrasonic Surgical Instrument”的美国专利公布2006/0079874，其公开内容以引用方式并入本文；2007年8月16日公布的名称为“Ultrasonic Device for Cutting and Coagulate”的美国专利公布2007/0191713，其公开内容以引用方式并入本文；2007年12月6日公布的名称为“Ultrasonic Waveguide andBlade”的美国专利公布2007/0282333，其公开内容以引用方式并入本文；2008年8月21日公布的名称为“Ultrasonic Device for Cutting and Coagulating”的美国专利公布2008/0200940，其公开内容以引用方式并入本文；2011年1月20日公布的名称为“RotatingTransducer Mount for Ultrasonic Surgical Instruments”的美国专利公布2011/0015660，其公开内容以引用方式并入本文；2002年12月31日公布的名称为“Electrosurgical Systems and Techniques for Sealing Tissue”的美国专利6,500,176，其公开内容以引用方式并入本文；以及2011年4月14日公布的名称为“SurgicalInstrument Comprising First and Second Drive Systems Actuatable by a CommonTrigger Mechanism”的美国专利公布2011/0087218，其公开内容以引用方式并入本文。另外，这些外科工具可包括无绳换能器，诸如2009年6月4日公布的名称为“Cordless Hand-held Ultrasonic Cautery Cutting Device”的美国专利公布2009/0143797，其公开内容以引用方式并入本文。另外，所述外科器械可用于或者适用于机器人辅助外科装置中，诸如2004年8月31日公布的名称为“Robotic Surgical Tool with Ultrasound Cauterizingand Cutting Instrument”的美国专利6,783,524中的机器人辅助外科装置，其公开内容以引用方式并入本文。
尽管已研制出若干系统和方法并用于外科器械，但据信在本发明人之前还无人研制出或使用所附权利要求中描述的发明。
附图说明
虽然在说明书之后提供了特别指出和清楚地要求保护本发明的权利要求书，但是据信通过对下面某些实施例的描述并结合附图可以更好地理解本发明，附图中类似的附图标记表示相同元件，其中：
图1示出了具有内部电源的示例性医疗装置的示意图；
图2示出了具有内部电源的示例性医疗装置的透视图；
图3示出了具有可拆卸传输组件的示例性外科器械的侧视图；
图4示出了图3所示的外科器械的侧面剖视图；
图5示出了示例性替代传输组件的正面剖视图；
图6示出了图5的传输组件旋转后的正面剖视图；
图7示出了具有第二开关的示例性外科器械的侧面剖视图；
图8示出了具有触发器致动开关的示例性外科器械的侧面剖视图；
图9示出了图8所示触发器已被致动的外科器械的侧面剖视图；
图10示出了具有拉舌的示例性外科器械的侧面剖视图；
图11示出了具有钮致动开关的示例性外科器械的侧面剖视图；
图12示出了用钮作为触发器的示例性外科器械的侧面剖视图；并且
图13示出了示例性细棒的侧视图。
附图并非意在以任何方式进行限制，并且可以预期本发明的各种实施例能够以多种其它方式来执行，包括那些不必在附图中示出的方式。附图并入本说明书中并构成其一部分，示出了本发明的若干方面，并与具体实施方式一起用于说明本发明的原理；然而，应当理解，本发明不限于所示出的明确布置方式。
具体实施方式
以下对本发明某些实例的描述不应用来限制本发明的范围。通过以下举例说明设想用于实施本发明的最佳方式之一的描述，本发明的其它例子、特征、形态、实施例和优点对于本领域技术人员将变得显而易见。正如将会意识到的，本发明能够具有其它不同且显而易见的方面，这些都未脱离本发明。例如，尽管各种。因此，附图和描述应被认为在实质上是示例性的而不是限制性的。
应当理解，相对于抓持手持件组件的临床医生而言，本文使用术语“近侧”和“远侧”。因此，端部执行器相对于更近侧的手持件组件而言处于远侧。还应当理解，为方便和清晰起见，相对于抓持手持件组件的临床医生而言，也使用诸如“顶部”和“底部”之类的空间术语。然而，外科器械在多个取向和位置中使用，并且这些术语并非意图进行限制，也并非绝对。
I.与可插入或可收回组件一起使用的医疗装置
图1以示意方块图的形式示出了示例性医疗装置10的组件。如图所示，医疗装置10包括控制模块12、电源14和端部执行器16。仅示例性的电源14可包括镍氢电池、锂离子电池(例如，棱柱状电池型锂离子电池等)、镍铬电池或者任何其它类型的电源，按照本文的教导内容，这对本领域技术人员而言可能是显而易见的。控制模块12可包括微处理器、专用集成电路(ASIC)、存储器、印刷电路板(PCB)、存储装置(诸如固态驱动器或硬盘)、固件、软件或者任何其它合适的控制模块组件，按照本文的教导内容，这对于本领域的普通技术人员而言将是显而易见的。控制模块12和电源14通过诸如缆线和/或电路板中的迹线等的电连接件22联接，以将电力从电源14传送到控制模块12。或者，电源14可选择性地联接到控制模块12。这允许电源14被从医疗装置10拆下和移除，可进一步允许电源14容易地进行再充电或回收以供再消毒和重新使用，例如根据本文的各种教导内容。除此之外或者可替代的是，控制模块12可被移除以用于维护、测试、替换或其它目的，根据本文的教导内容，这对于本领域的普通技术人员而言将是显而易见的。
端部执行器16通过另一个电连接件22联接到控制模块12。端部执行器16能够执行医疗装置10的期望功能。仅以举例的方式，这样的功能可以包括烧灼组织、消融组织、切割组织、超声振动、缝合组织或者用于医疗装置10的任何其它期望的任务。从而，端部执行器16可以包括主动结构，例如超声刀、一对夹紧钳口、尖锐小刀、缝合驱动组件、单级RF电极、一对双极RF电极、加热元件和/或各种其它组件。端部执行器16还能够从医疗装置10移除以用于维护、测试、替换或任何其它目的，根据本文的教导内容，这对于本领域的普通技术人员而言将是显而易见的。在一些型式中，端部执行器16是模块化的，使得医疗装置10可以与不同类型的端部执行器一起使用(例如，如序列号为61/410,603的美国临时申请所教导的等)。根据医疗装置10的目的，可提供端部执行器16的各种其它构型以用于各种不同的功能；根据本文的教导内容，这对于本领域的普通技术人员而言将是显而易见的。相似地，根据本文的教导内容，能够从电源14接收电力的其它类型的医疗装置10的组件对本领域技术人员而言将是显而易见的。
本例子的医疗装置10包括触发器18和传感器20，但是应当理解，这样的组件仅仅是任选的。触发器18通过电连接件22联接到控制模块12和电源14。触发器18能够选择性地将电力从电源14提供到端部执行器16(和/或到医疗装置10的一些其它组件)，以在执行手术时激活医疗装置10。传感器20也通过电连接件22联接到控制模块12并且能够在手术期间向控制模块12提供各种信息。仅以举例的方式，这样的构型可包括感测端部执行器16处的温度或者确定端部执行器16的振动速率。来自传感器20的数据可通过控制模块12处理，以实现电力到端部执行器16的传送(例如在反馈回路等中)。根据医疗装置10的目的，可提供传感器20的各种其它构型；根据本文的教导内容，这对于本领域的普通技术人员而言将是显而易见的。当然，和本文所述的其它组件一样，医疗装置10可以具有不止一个传感器20，或者如果需要传感器20可以简单地被省略。
图2示出了医疗装置10可采取的仅仅示例性的形式。具体地，图2示出了包括电源110、控制模块120、外壳130、端部执行器140、以及电连接件150的医疗装置100。在本例子中，电源110位于医疗装置100的外壳130内。或者，电源110可仅仅部分地伸入外壳130内并可选择性地附接于外壳130的一部分。在进一步的示例性构型中，外壳130的一部分可伸入电源110中，并且电源110可选择性地附接于外壳130的所述部分。电源110也能够与医疗装置100分开并与控制模块120或电连接件150脱离。因此，在一些型式中，电源110可与医疗装置100完全分离。仅以举例的方式，电源110可根据2011年4月14日公布的名称为“SurgicalGenerator for Ultrasonic and Electrosurgical Devices”的美国公布2011/0087212的教导内容进行构造，其公开内容以引用方式并入本文。在一些型式中，诸如根据本文的各种教导内容，电源110可取出以再充电或回收以供再消毒和重新使用。再充电后，或者初次充电后，电源110可插入或重新插入医疗装置100中并固定到外壳130或外壳130内部。当然，当电源110仍然处于外壳130内或换句话讲仍然相对于外壳130联接时，医疗装置100也可允许电源110进行充电和/或再充电。
也应当理解，控制模块120可以被移除以用于维护、测试、替换或任何其它目的；根据本文的教导内容，这对于本领域的普通技术人员而言将是显而易见的。此外，端部执行器140还可从医疗装置100移除以用于维护、测试、替换或任何其它目的；根据本文的教导内容，这对于本领域的普通技术人员而言将是显而易见的。
尽管已描述了示例性医疗装置100的某些构型，但根据本文的教导内容，可构造医疗装置100的各种其它方式对于本领域的普通技术人员将是显而易见的。仅以举例的方式，医疗装置10，100和/或本文涉及的任何其它医疗装置可根据以下专利申请中的教导内容中的至少一些进行构造：1994年6月21日公布的名称为“Clamp Coagulator/Cutting Systemfor Ultrasonic Surgical Instruments”的美国专利5,322,055，其公开内容以引用方式并入本文。1999年2月23日公布的名称为“Ultrasonic Clamp Coagulator ApparatusHaving Improved Clamp Mechanism”的美国专利5,873,873，其公开内容以引用方式并入本文；1997年10月10日提交的名称为“Ultrasonic Clamp Coagulator Apparatus HavingImproved Clamp Arm Pivot Mount”的美国专利5,980,510，其公开内容以引用方式并入本文；2001年12月4日公布的名称为“Blades with Functional Balance Asymmetries foruse with Ultrasonic Surgical Instruments”的美国专利6,325,811，其公开内容以引用方式并入本文；2006年4月13日公布的名称为“Tissue Pad for Use with an UltrasonicSurgical Instrument”的美国公布2006/0079874，其公开内容以引用方式并入本文；2007年8月16日公布的名称为“Ultrasonic Device for Cutting and Coagulating”的美国公布2007/0191713，其公开内容以引用方式并入本文；2007年12月6日公布的名称为“Ultrasonic Waveguide and Blade”的美国公布2007/0282333，其公开内容以引用方式并入本文；2008年8月21日公布的名称为“Ultrasonic Device for Cutting andCoagulating”的美国专利公布2008/0200940，其公开内容以引用方式并入本文；2009年6月4日公布的名称为“Cordless Hand-held Ultrasonic Cautery Cutting Device”的美国专利公布2009/0143797，其公开内容以引用方式并入本文；2010年3月18日公布的名称为“Ultrasonic Device for Fingertip Control”的美国公布2010/0069940，其公开内容以引用方式并入本文；2011年1月20日公布的名称为“Rotating Transducer Mount forUltrasonic Surgical Instruments”的美国公布2011/0015660，其公开内容以引用方式并入本文；和/或2010年11月5日提交的名称为“Energy-Based Surgical Instruments”的美国临时专利申请序列号61/410,603，其公开内容以引用方式并入本文。
当然，外壳130和医疗装置100可包括其它构型。例如，外壳130和/或医疗装置100可包括组织切割元件以及一个或多个传送双极性射频能至组织(例如，用来止血或密封组织)的元件。这种装置的一个例子是由Ethicon Endo-Surgery,Inc.(Cincinnati,Ohio)制造的组织密封装置。这种装置的其它例子以及相关理念公开于下列美国专利中：2002年12月31日公布的名称为“Electrosurgical Systems and Techniques forSealing Tissue”的美国专利6,500,176，其公开内容以引用方式并入本文；2006年9月26日公布的名称为“Electrosurgical Instrument and Method of Use”的美国专利7,112,201，其公开内容以引用方式并入本文；2006年10月24日公布的名称为“ElectrosurgicalWorking End for Controlled Energy Delivery”的美国专利7,125,409，其公开内容以引用方式并入本文；2007年1月30日公布的名称为“Electrosurgical Probe and Method ofUse”的美国专利7,169,146，其公开内容以引用方式并入本文；2007年3月6日公布的名称为“Electrosurgical Jaw Structure for Controlled Energy Delivery”的美国专利7,186,253，其公开内容以引用方式并入本文；2007年3月13日公布的名称为“Electrosurgical Instrument”的美国专利7,189,233，其公开内容以引用方式并入本文；2007年5月22日公布的名称为“Surgical Sealing Surfaces and Methods of Use”的美国专利7,220,951，其公开内容以引用方式并入本文；2007年12月18日公布的名称为“PolymerCompositions Exhibiting a PTC Property and Methods of Fabrication”的美国专利7,309,849，其公开内容以引用方式并入本文；2007年12月25日公布的名称为“Electrosurgical Instrument and Method of Use”的美国专利7,311,709，其公开内容以引用方式并入本文；2008年4月8日公布的名称为“Electrosurgical Instrument andMethod of Use”的美国专利7,354,440，其公开内容以引用方式并入本文；2008年6月3日公布的名称为“Electrosurgical Instrument”的美国专利7,381,209，其公开内容以引用方式并入本文；2011年4月14日公布的名称为“Surgical Instrument Comprising First andSecond Drive Systems Actuatable by a Common Trigger Mechanism”的美国公布2011/0087218，其公开内容以引用方式并入本文；以及2011年6月2日提交的名称为“MotorDriven Electrosurgical Device with Mechanical and Electrical Feedback”的美国专利申请13/151,181，其公开内容以引用方式并入本文。
另外应当理解，本文所述的教导内容、表达方式、实施例、例子等中的任何一个或多个可与本文所述的其它教导内容、表达方式、实施例、例子等中的任何一个或多个相结合。因此，下述教导内容、表达方式、实施例、例子等不应彼此分离地看待。根据本文的教导内容，其中本文的教导内容可结合的各种合适方式对于本领域普通技术人员将是显而易见的。这种修改形式和变化形式旨在包括在权利要求书的范围之内。
II.示例性电力传送开关
应当理解，在一些情况下，外科器械50可在使用内部电源给外科器械50供电而不是将外科器械50插入壁装电源插座或其它外部电源的无拴系件的情况下操作。还应当理解，即使外科器械50插入电源插座，仍可使用内部电源作为外部供电的补充。还应当理解，内部电源可简单地通过连接至外科器械50内的电路或其它电子组件而失去电力或电荷。因此，应当理解，外科器械50在外科手术中实际使用之前预防内部电源与电路或其它电子器件连接是可取的。下述各例包括减少在外科器械用于手术之前电源与电路连接时间的特征。应当理解，下述教导内容可很容易地结合到上述各种医疗装置10，100中。
图3示出了具有连接至外科器械300的传输组件310的示例性外科器械300。外科器械300包括柄部组件320，其内部容纳有内部电源322，如图4所示。在本例子中，内部电源322包括电池，但在其它示例性型式中，内部电源322可包括可再充电电池、燃料电池、超级电容器或任何其它的合适电源，参考本文的教导内容，这对于本领域的普通技术人员而言将是显而易见的。
端部执行器(未示出)定位在传输组件310的远端处。端部执行器可包括超声刀、射频电外科电极、和/或各种其它可由电源322激活的组件。传输组件310还包括定位在传输组件310的近端的外表面上的磁体312。磁体312进一步被定位成使得一旦传输组件310被布置成与开口328连通，磁体312就朝近端伸入柄部组件320中。
除了内部电源322之外，柄部组件320还包括开关326和控制板324，其中开关326和控制板324与内部电源322连通。开关326位于柄部组件320的远端处，使得当传输组件310插入开口328时，磁体312能够操作以建立与开关326的连通。
控制板324可包括能够操作以控制外科装置300的操作的各种电子器件和/或电路。应当理解，控制板324能够操作以控制外科装置300的任何合适功能性，参考本文的教导内容，这对于本领域的普通技术人员而言将是显而易见的。在一些其它的示例性型式中，应当理解控制板324可包括超时计时器，所述超时计时器能够操作以检测控制板324的活动。如果未在预定的时间段检测到控制板324中的活动，则控制板324的超时计时器能够操作以有效地关闭控制板324，从而预防进一步消耗内部电源322的电力。使用者尝试再次使用外科装置300将唤醒控制板324和外科装置300，使得外科装置300可再次使用。
示例性型式中的开关326包括可在触发状态和未触发状态之间转换的磁开关。在未触发状态，开关326创建开式电路，从而预防电力从内部电源322传送到控制板324。在触发状态，开关326关闭电路，使电力从电源322传送到控制板324。在示例性型式中，由于开关326包括磁力可触发开关326，诸如簧片开关，开关326由磁体312触发，所述磁体插入穿过开口328并触发开关326。在其它示例性型式中，开关326可包括光线/光触发开关或机械触发开关。由于开关326和磁体312的使用，应当理解直到磁体312触发开关326外科器械300才有效通电或处于“开启”的状态。因此，直到传输组件310与柄部组件320完全联接外科器械300才有效通电。尽管本例子示出了与传输组件310联接的磁体312和与柄部组件320联接的开关326，应当理解磁体312和开关326可调换它们的位置，从而使磁体312与柄部组件320联接，并且开关326与传输组件310联接。根据本文的教导内容，其它合适的构型对于本领域的普通技术人员将是显而易见的。仅以举例的方式，开关326可包括简单电动机械式推动开关，所述开关定位在嵌入式传输组件310的路径上。此外，其它装置诸如线圈和/或电磁体可用于触发开关326。实际上，任何合适的装置均可用于触发开关326，参考本文的教导内容，这对于本领域的普通技术人员而言将是显而易见的。
图5-7示出了包括旋转传输组件410构型的外科装置400的示例性替代型式。如图5所示，传输组件410可插入开口428。传输组件410包括磁体412，所述磁体能够操作以通过接触和/或靠近开关426来触发开关426。在图5中，传输组件410已被旋转，使得磁体412不能触发开关426。在一些示例性型式中，如图5所示的构型可为传输组件410和开关426之间的缺省位置关系。当使用者想要使用外科器械300时，使用者可以旋转传输组件410，使得磁体412和开关426对齐。应当理解，传输组件410的旋转可触发机械按扣或其它可听指示器，以指示传输组件410已正确对齐，以用磁体412来触发开关426。例如，传输组件410和柄部组件420可包括互补的棘爪结构。还应当理解，传输组件410和柄部组件420可通过卡口座联接，使得当卡口座完全坐置后，传输组件410旋转到如图6所示的位置。在一些示例性型式中，如图7所示，第二开关430可用于与开关426连通。第二开关430包括能够操作以由开关426触发的永久开关。应当理解，第二开关430也能够操作以关闭给外科器械400供电的电路。外科器械400包括电源431，所述电源与开关426、第二开关430和传输组件410连通，使得如果开关426或第二开关430关闭，则电源431可传送电力给传输组件410以最终传送能量或超声振动给位于传输组件410远端处的端部执行器(未示出)。因此，当第二开关430被触发时，即使磁体412和开关426不再对齐，外科器械400仍旧带电。
图8示出了外科器械500的另一个示例性型式，该外科器械具有与柄部组件520连接的传输组件510。柄部组件520容纳触发器532和控制板524。磁体512附接到触发器532的近侧部分，使得当触发器532如图9所示被使用者致动时，磁体512与开关526接触，而开关526与控制板524连通。外科器械500在开关526被使用者触发前处于未通电状态。因此，当使用者准备好使用外科器械500时，使用者可挤压触发器532，从而使开关526关闭。外科器械500包括电源531，所述电源与开关526和传输组件510连通，使得如果开关426关闭，电源531可传送电力给传输组件510以最终传送能量或超声振动给位于传输组件510远端处的端部执行器(未示出)。在本例子中，开关526包括簧片开关，然而应当理解任何合适类型的开关均可使用，参考本文的教导内容，这对于本领域的普通技术人员而言将是显而易见的。应当理解，在一些示例性型式中，在从包装件中取出器械500之前，触发器532可通过保持外科器械500的包装件进行挤压，从而允许使用者核实在从包装件中取出外科器械500并将外科器械500用于外科手术之前外科器械500处于良好工作状态。
图10示出了外科器械600的另一个示例性型式，该外科器械具有传输组件610和柄部组件620。外科器械600还包括可移除地与柄部组件620联接的拉舌632。拉舌632包含电绝缘材料且与控制板624连通。由于拉舌632包含电绝缘材料，因此应当理解，拉舌632能够操作以在控制板624内创建开式电路，从而使控制板624和外科器械600处于未通电状态。拉舌632在外部从外科器械600向外延伸，使得使用者可移除拉舌632，从而将拉舌632从控制板624移除。因此，电绝缘材料被移除，使得控制板624内的开式电路关闭，从而使控制板624由电源631供电进行操作。例如，与控制板264相关联的弹性地偏置的触点可抵靠拉舌632，使得所述触点接合互补触点以在拉舌632被移除时接通电路。在一些示例性型式中，拉舌632可被集成为储存外科器械600的包装件材料的一部分，使得当外科器械600从包装件中取出时，拉舌632被移除。一旦拉舌632被移除，则电源631可传送电力给传输组件610以传送能量或超声振动给位于传输组件610远端处的端部执行器(未示出)。
图11示出了具有传输组件710和柄部组件720的外科器械700的示例性替代型式。在本例中，柄部组件720还包括使用者启动钮732。钮732与控制板724连通。控制板724与内部电源722连通，所述内部电源能够操作以给控制板724供电。钮732能够操作以作为开关来唤醒外科器械700，使得内部电源722可传送电力给控制板724。因此，当使用者准备好使用外科器械700时，使用者可按压钮732以接通电路并开始将电力从内部电源722传送到传输组件710，然后传输组件710再传送超声振动或能量给位于传输组件710远端处的端部执行器(未示出)。钮732的形状足够大，使得钮732可通过包装件或其它材料致动。尽管示例性型式包括钮732构型，但应当理解，钮732可包括可被致动的任何组件，诸如拨动开关、滑动开关、或任何其它合适的开关，参考本文的教导内容，这对于本领域的普通技术人员而言将是显而易见的。
图12示出了具有传输组件810和柄部组件820的外科器械800的另一个示例性替代型式。在本例子中，柄部组件820包括与内部电源822连通的控制板824。触发钮832被定位成与控制板824和内部电源822连通。在本例子中，触发钮832能够操作以在控制板824和内部电源822之间选择性地建立电连通。触发钮832可在致动和未致动状态之间移动，其中触发钮832被偏置到未致动状态。当使用者按压触发钮832时，触发钮832移动到致动状态。在致动状态下，内部电源822连接至控制板824，使得控制板824能够操作以将电力从电源822传送给传输组件810，然后传输组件810可传送超声振动或能量给定位在传输组件810远端的端部执行器(未示出)。如果使用者释放触发钮832，则内部电源822和控制板824之间的连接断开。在一些示例性型式中，触发钮832能够操作以作为拨动开关，其中单次按压使内部电源822与控制板824连接，并且甚至在触发钮832被释放之后维持此连接；而第二下按压使内部电源822和控制板824之间的连接断开。应当理解，一旦压下触发钮832，电力可在100ms或更短的时间内传送到控制板824，使得与使用者之间无明显的延迟。在其它示例性型式中，所述延迟可为任何参考本文的教导内容对于本领域的普通技术人员而言合适的量的时间。
图13示出了可用于例如图3-9所示外科器械300,400,500的示例性细棒900。细棒900包括磁体902，所述磁体能够操作以触发如图3-9所示的磁开关326,426,526中的任何一个。因此，不是按压钮或执行一些其它动作，使用者可靠近磁开关326,426,526挥动细棒900以触发磁开关326,426,526。在一些型式中，传输组件310,410或触发器532可省略磁体312,412,512，并且细棒900的磁体902可转而用于触发磁开关326，426，526。还应当理解，细棒900可在从包装件中取出外科器械300,400,500之前和/或在外科器械300,400,500被用于外科手术之前用来检查外科器械300,400,500的功能性。换句话讲，磁体902可通过器械300,400,500的包装件提供磁场，所述磁场足够触发器械300,400,500中的响应结构。
应当理解，所述以引用方式并入本文中的任何专利、出版物或其它公开材料，无论是全文或部分，仅在并入的材料与本公开中给出的定义、陈述或其它公开材料不冲突的范围内并入本文。由此，在必要的程度下，本文所明确阐述的公开内容将取代以引用方式并入本文的任何相冲突材料。如果据述以引用方式并入本文但与本文所述的现有定义、陈述或其它公开材料相冲突的任何材料或其部分，仅在所并入的材料和现有的公开材料之间不产生冲突的程度下并入本文。
本发明的一些实施例可在传统的内窥镜检查和开放性手术器械以及机器人辅助手术中得到应用。例如，本领域普通技术人员将认识到，本文的各种教导内容可易于与2004年8月31日公布的名称为“Robotic Surgical Tool with Ultrasound Cauterizing andCutting Instrument”的美国专利6,783,524的各种教导内容相结合，其公开内容以引用方式并入本文。
本文所公开的装置的实施例可设计为使用一次后丢弃，也可设计为供多次使用。在上述任一或两种情况下，都可对这些实施例进行修复，以便在使用至少一次后重复使用。修复可包括以下步骤的任意组合：拆卸装置，然后清洗或替换特定部件，并随后进行重新组装。具体地讲，可以拆卸装置的实施例，并且可选择性地以任何组合形式来替换或拆除装置的任意数量的特定部件或零件。在清洗和/或替换特定零件时，装置的实施例可在修复设施中重新组装或者在即将进行外科手术前由外科手术团队重新组装，以供随后使用。本领域的技术人员将会知道，修复装置时可利用多种技术进行拆卸、清洗/替换和重新组装。这些技术的使用以及所得的修复装置均在本发明的范围内。
仅以举例的方式，可对本文所述的实施例在外科手术前进行处理。首先，可获取新的或用过的器械，并根据需要进行清洗。然后可对器械进行消毒。在一种消毒技术中，将该装置置于闭合并密封的容器中，例如塑料或TYVEK袋中。然后可将容器和器械置于可穿透该容器的辐射场(例如γ辐射、X射线或高能电子)中。辐射可将器械上和容器中的细菌杀死。然后可将消毒后的器械保存在消毒容器中。该密封容器可将器械保持在无菌状态，直到在医疗设施中打开该容器。还可使用本领域已知的任何其它技术对装置消毒，所述技术包括但不限于β辐射或γ辐射、环氧乙烷或蒸汽消毒。
已经示出和描述了本发明的多个实施方案，可由本领域普通技术人员进行适当修改来实现本文描述的方法和系统的进一步改进而不偏离本发明的范围。已经提及了若干此类潜在的修改形式，并且其它修改形式对于本领域的技术人员而言将显而易见。例如，上面讨论的例子、实施例、几何形状、材料、尺寸、比率、步骤等均是示例性的而非必需的。因此，本发明的范围应根据下面的权利要求书考虑，并且应理解为不限于说明书和附图中示出和描述的结构和操作细节。

Claims (9)

1.一种外科器械，包括：
(a)主体，所述主体具有远端部分；
(b)控制单元；
(c)一体式电源，其中所述一体式电源能够选择性地传送电力至所述控制单元；
(d)轴组件，所述轴组件从所述主体的远端部分向远侧延伸，其中所述轴组件包括能够插入所述主体的近侧部分；
(e)开关，所述开关与所述控制单元连通，其中所述轴组件的近侧部分能够抵靠地致动所述开关，其中所述开关位于所述主体的远端部分内并在结构上定位成邻近所述轴组件的近侧部分以便其致动，其中所述开关能够通过所述轴组件的旋转致动以开始电力传送。
2.根据权利要求1所述的外科器械，还包括与所述轴组件连通的磁体，其中所述磁体能够致动所述开关。
3.根据权利要求1所述的外科器械，其中所述开关包括簧片开关。
4.根据权利要求1所述的外科器械，还包括超时计时器，所述超时计时器能够操作以确定所述控制单元是否正在被有效地使用。
5.根据权利要求1所述的外科器械，其中所述开关包括机械致动开关。
6.根据权利要求1所述的外科器械，其中所述开关包括光学致动开关。
7.根据权利要求1所述的外科器械，还包括第二开关，所述第二开关能够操作以选择性地持续传送电力至所述控制单元。
8.一种外科设备，包括：
(a)外科器械，所述外科器械能够操作以由电源供电，其中所述外科器械能够操作以执行电动外科手术，其中所述外科器械限定面向远侧开口，其中所述外科器械包括具有近端的轴组件，所述近端在结构上能够安装在面向远侧开口内，其中所述轴组件的近端还包括触发构件；
(b)控制单元，所述控制单元与所述外科器械连通，其中所述控制单元能够接收来自所述电源的电力；
(c)开关，所述开关具有致动的第一状态和第二状态，其中所述开关在结构上定位成在所述轴组件的近端插入所述面向远侧开口内时响应于所述触发构件的趋近而从所述第一状态过渡到第二状态，其中所述轴组件能够在所述外科器械内旋转以致动所述开关。
9.根据权利要求8所述的外科设备，其中，所述触发构件包括能够致动所述开关的磁体。
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