CN1036125C - 确定挤出机接受来自供料容器的材料速率的方法和设备 - Google Patents

确定挤出机接受来自供料容器的材料速率的方法和设备 Download PDF

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CN1036125C
CN1036125C CN92102092A CN92102092A CN1036125C CN 1036125 C CN1036125 C CN 1036125C CN 92102092 A CN92102092 A CN 92102092A CN 92102092 A CN92102092 A CN 92102092A CN 1036125 C CN1036125 C CN 1036125C
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里查德·萨特卡姆普
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B29B7/72—Measuring, controlling or regulating
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29B—PREPARATION OR PRETREATMENT OF THE MATERIAL TO BE SHAPED; MAKING GRANULES OR PREFORMS; RECOVERY OF PLASTICS OR OTHER CONSTITUENTS OF WASTE MATERIAL CONTAINING PLASTICS
    • B29B7/00—Mixing; Kneading
    • B29B7/74—Mixing; Kneading using other mixers or combinations of mixers, e.g. of dissimilar mixers ; Plant
    • B29B7/78—Mixing; Kneading using other mixers or combinations of mixers, e.g. of dissimilar mixers ; Plant by gravity, e.g. falling particle mixers
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    • B29C48/25—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
    • B29C48/285—Feeding the extrusion material to the extruder
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B29C48/288—Feeding the extrusion material to the extruder in solid form, e.g. powder or granules
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B29C48/25—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
    • B29C48/92—Measuring, controlling or regulating
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01G—WEIGHING
    • G01G13/00—Weighing apparatus with automatic feed or discharge for weighing-out batches of material
    • G01G13/24—Weighing mechanism control arrangements for automatic feed or discharge
    • G01G13/247—Checking quantity of material in the feeding arrangement, e.g. discharge material only if a predetermined quantity is present
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01G—WEIGHING
    • G01G19/00—Weighing apparatus or methods adapted for special purposes not provided for in the preceding groups
    • G01G19/22—Weighing apparatus or methods adapted for special purposes not provided for in the preceding groups for apportioning materials by weighing prior to mixing them
    • G01G19/34—Weighing apparatus or methods adapted for special purposes not provided for in the preceding groups for apportioning materials by weighing prior to mixing them with electrical control means
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29B7/30—Mixing; Kneading continuous, with mechanical mixing or kneading devices
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    • B29B7/38—Mixing; Kneading continuous, with mechanical mixing or kneading devices with movable mixing or kneading devices rotary
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C2948/00—Indexing scheme relating to extrusion moulding
    • B29C2948/92—Measuring, controlling or regulating
    • B29C2948/92504—Controlled parameter
    • B29C2948/92676—Weight
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C2948/00—Indexing scheme relating to extrusion moulding
    • B29C2948/92—Measuring, controlling or regulating
    • B29C2948/92819—Location or phase of control
    • B29C2948/92828—Raw material handling or dosing, e.g. active hopper or feeding device
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C48/03—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor characterised by the shape of the extruded material at extrusion
    • B29C48/07—Flat, e.g. panels
    • B29C48/08—Flat, e.g. panels flexible, e.g. films

Abstract

一种确定挤出机接受来自供料容器的材料速率的方法，包括将塑料颗粒连续送入一储料容器，再将该颗粒间歇地送入上述供料容器，在供料容器上游设置一材料保持容器，至少一份颗粒以及回收的边条材料连续供入储料容器，在适当的时间间隔内对供料容器和材料保持容器进行称重，当测得的供料容器和材料保持容器的总重量与所需的预定重量不同时，相应增加或减少上述至少那一份颗粒的供给率。

Description

确定挤出机接受来自供料容器的材料速率的方法和设备
本发明涉及确定挤出机接受来自供料容器的塑料颗粒的重量流率的方法，其中，上述容器有一出口与挤出机的入口连通。在该方法中，塑料颗粒连续地送至一储料容器，然后将连续输送的颗粒断续地送入上述供料容器中。供料容器在其进料操作开始前或开始时，或在进料操作结束时或结束后进行称重，测量在上述两次进料操作之间需要输出由称重操作确定的一定量的材料的时间，并根据在测得的时间间隔内来自供料容器的材料数量计算材料的流率。本发明还涉及实施上述方法的设备。
制造例如塑料平板的挤出机接受通过旋风器式容器供给的塑料颗粒和/或颗粒化的废塑料和塑料碎片，根据挤出机的供料率上述材料从容器中输出。在上述操作中，需要确定消耗的材料的速率，以便获得挤出机产量或挤出的塑料板每延米重量的数据。例如，挤出的塑料板每延米重量的数据能够决定被挤出的板材的厚度是否在所要求的公差范围内。从经济角度来看，上述确定是有意义的，因为使用的塑料材料是昂贵的，而且板材的厚度过大不仅使后续加工更困难，同时也造成了材料的浪费。
下面将结合图2对上述方法进行解释。在该方法中，不同塑料的颗粒通过两个计量装置18、19送至旋风器式容器16，容器16设有两个高度指示器16′和16″。上部高度指示器16′与上限高度相关联，而下部高度指示器16″则与下限高度相关联。计量装置18、19由例如螺旋供料器构成，以便向储料容器中输出颗粒，当下部高度指示器16″指示容器16中的材料降低到下限高度时，使计量装置18、19开始工作，而只要上部高度指示器16′指示材料已到达上述高度，计量装置就会停止工作。容器16的输出管插入但不接触供料容器6。该输出管包含一可控制该管打开和关闭的阀门12。容器6通过平衡器5悬置在与挤出机1相连的支架3上。颗粒从容器6通过入口8连续地流入挤出机1。容器6的输出管通入入口8，但不接触挤出机1。只要容器6和其内部的材料的重量降到低于一预定的下限，阀门12就打开，直到到达所需的预定重量为止。然后，阀门12关闭。通过测量从容器6中输出的在此之前供入容器6的材料数量的时间，就有可能决定以公斤/单位时间表示的通过挤出机1的颗粒的流率。
在上述已知设备的操作过程中，如果容器16不仅接受颗粒，而且还接受例如从挤出的板材边缘裁下的碎片状回收条材，就会遇到一定的困难。因为挤出的板材需不断地裁剪边缘，所以就会以一大致的恒定速率连续获得回收的边缘条材。然后在挤出机的操作中，只要指示器16′指示出已到达上限高度，向容器16供给颗粒的计量装置18、19就会停止工作。计量装置18、19一直保持关闭状态，直到指示器16″指示出容器16内的材料已到达下限高度。在这段时间里，计量装置18、19并不输送颗粒，但条材却不断地送入容器16，使得在下降的颗粒层上形成了边缘条材的填料层。结果，边缘条材不能与已供入的颗粒在容器16中均匀混合，而是根据不同的体积重量和不同的材料形状，结果，使螺旋输送器的输出动作及其供料率在不同的时间有所区别。
本发明的目的是根据一种方法，它能保证在颗粒和边缘条材都供入旋风器式容器时，使材料均匀供入挤出机。
在上述方法中，本发明的目的是按照如下方式实现的，即，将储料容器基本上只用做混合容器并与一材料保持容器相连，该材料保持容器处于储料容器和供料容器之间。将至少一份颗粒以及回收的边条材料连续地供入储料容器，在上述时间间隔内对供料容器和材料保持容器进行称重，当测得的供料容器和材料保持容器的总重量与所需的预定重量不同时，相应增加或减少上述至少那一份颗粒的供给率。
通过本发明的方法，能够保证尽管对供料容器间歇地供料，在供料容器和材料保持容器中的条材和颗粒混合物的总量大致保持恒定，使得条材和颗粒能以具有大致恒定的比值的速率供入旋风器式储料容器并以大致恒定的比值在储料容器中混合。结果，在本发明的方法中，材料保持容器将大致以材料从供料容器中输出的速率进料，使储存在材料保持容器和供料容器中的材料总量保持大致恒定。另一方面，如果材料缺乏或过多，就会通过在适当时间间隔内进行的称重操作测定出来，使颗粒的供料率可以相应地增加或减少，就能提供保证进行正确操作的材料数量。上述至少一份颗粒供给速度的变化很小，它不会导致颗粒和条材比值发生有影响的变化。由此，设置附加的材料保持容器允许对间歇式供给供料容器的材料是进行称重并测量材料输出的时间，而这样的间歇式操作不要求停止连续供给颗粒和条材，这种连续供料将保证有效地混合。
实施上述方法的本发明的设备包括一支承在或悬置在称重装置上的供料容器，它的上游设有一储料容器，而在储料容器上游则设有至少一个塑料颗粒的进料器，特征在于一支承或悬置在称重装置上的材料保持容器连接在储料容器和供料容器之间，材料保持容器具有一接纳储料容器出口但不与其接触的入口，一连续供给边条材料的进料器通入储料容器，材料保持容器的出口管上设有一阀门，以及测量阀门打开时间和关闭时间之间的时间的装置。
如果有两个或多个供给塑料颗粒的进料器通入储料容器，上述进料器的供料率的比值应保持恒定，即使在供料速度发生变化的情况下。例如，从EP-A-394869号专门申请可知在通过计量螺旋进料器向一容器供给至少两种组分以便从储料容器输出该组分的操作中，螺旋进料器的电机能以不同的速度按固定的比值操作，该比值相应于混合比，使由电机速度比决定的上述混合比即使在电机速度发生变化以改变进料速率时也将保持恒定。
本发明的实施例将参照图1进行详细描述。该图是一示意性侧视图，显示了包括一容器的挤出机，该容器处于挤出机的入口上游并悬置在称重装置上，该挤出机还包括一材料保持容器，它处于上述容器的上游并且也悬置在称重装置上。
图1中显示了挤出机1的接收端，支架2通过螺栓与该接收端相连。支架2包括两个悬臂支架3和4。供料容器6通过平衡器5悬置在支架3上，其底端具有一出口7，出口7总是打开的并处于挤出机1的入口8的上方，使得材料能连续地从供料容器6流入挤出机的入口8。除了出口7，供料容器6的顶部具有一入口9，它接纳材料保持容器13的出口管10。出口管10穿过支架3上的孔11，但不与其接触。一可控制的阀门12设在容器13的出口管10上，使出口管10能打开和关闭。容器13通过平衡器14悬置在支架4上。漏斗状的材料保持容器13顶部的入口接纳一供料管15，它构成了旋风器式混合容器16的出口。容器16装到托架17上并由两个计量装置18、19供给颗粒和一管道20供给边条材料。
在设备的操作中，容器6最初装入由平衡器5精确确定了重量的材料。当阀门12关闭时，挤出机1工作，以连续地接受来自容器6的材料，而容器13则不断地被装入颗粒和边条材料。阀门12在每单位时间内开关一次，使得由挤出机加工的材料的重量流率可以精确地确定。
当供料容器已装好例如，全部装满颗粒和边条材料后，在设备开始工作之前，把容器6和13的总重量加起来以决定一确定的重量X。如上决定的重量X将是所需的重量，在整个操作过程中将始终保持该重量。为此，对容器6和13的总重量进行周期性测定并与所需重量X进行比较。当检测到出现偏差时，计量装置18、19的螺旋装置的速度就相应地改变。这种操作方式能保证原始颗粒和回收的边条材料的比值基本恒定。

Claims (3)

1.一种确定挤出机接受来自供料容器的塑料颗粒的重量流率的方法，其中，上述容器有一出口与挤出机的入口连通，塑料颗粒连续地送至一储料容器，然后将连续输送的颗粒断续地送入上述供料容器中，供料容器在其进行操作开始前或开始时，或在进料操作结束时或结束后进行称重，测量在上述两次进料操作之间需要输出由称重操作确定的一定量的材料的时间，并根据在测得的时间间隔内来自供料容器的材料数量计算材料的流率，特征在于上述储料容器基本上只用做混合容器并与一材料保持容器相连，该材料保持容器处于储料容器和供料容器之间，将至少一份颗粒以及回收的边条材料连续地供入储料容器，在上述时间间隔内对供料容器和材料保持容器进行称重，当测得的供料容器和材料保持容器的总重量与所需的预定重量不同时，相应地增加或减少上述至少那一份颗粒的供给率。
2.实施权利要求1所述方法的设备，包括一支承在或悬置在称重装置上的供料容器，它的上游设有一储料容器，而在储料容器上游则设有至少一个塑料颗粒的进料器，特征在于一支承或悬置在称重装置上的材料保持容器连接在储料容器和供料容器之间，材料保持容器具有一接纳储料容器出口但不与其接触的入口，一连续供给边条材料的进料器通入储料容器，材料保持容器的出口管上设有一阀门，以及一测量阀门打开时间和关闭时间之间的时间的装置。
3.按照权利要求2的设备，特征在于有两个或多个供给塑料颗粒的进料器通入储料容器，上述进料器的供料率的比值应保持恒定，即使在供料速度发生变化的情况下。
CN92102092A 1991-03-27 1992-03-26 确定挤出机接受来自供料容器的材料速率的方法和设备 Expired - Lifetime CN1036125C (zh)

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