CN103691949B - A kind of laser forming method of WC-metallic composite structural member - Google Patents

A kind of laser forming method of WC-metallic composite structural member Download PDF

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Publication number
CN103691949B
CN103691949B CN201410009745.4A CN201410009745A CN103691949B CN 103691949 B CN103691949 B CN 103691949B CN 201410009745 A CN201410009745 A CN 201410009745A CN 103691949 B CN103691949 B CN 103691949B
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powder
laser
metal
laser forming
powder feeding
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CN103691949A (en
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娄德元
刘顿
陈列
杨奇彪
翟中生
彼得.贝内特
陶然
贺春林
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Hubei University of Technology
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Hubei University of Technology
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    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
    • Y02P10/25—Process efficiency

Abstract

The present invention relates to a kind of laser forming method of WC-metallic composite structural member, its raw materials used powder composition is: WC15 ~ 45wt.%, W0.4 ~ 5wt.%, Ni0 ~ 7wt.%, Cr0 ~ 27%, Mo0 ~ 10%, rare earth oxide 0.1 ~ 1.2wt.%, this metal surplus.The powder ration distribution of laser forming adopts dual hopper spiral powder feeding hybrid system to complete with mixing, and dual hopper spiral powder feeding hybrid system is primarily of dual hopper, electronic powder feeding screw, direct current stepping motor, powder fluidizing device and and powder spout composition.The nozzle of laser forming adopts coaxial discontinuous dust nozzle, and utilize system to the control of powder feeding and laser, realize the shaping of the internal and external parts Rotating fields of composite component, the mechanical property of composite can reach more than 80% of parent metal material.

Description

A kind of laser forming method of WC-metallic composite structural member
Technical field
The invention belongs to laser forming field, relate to a kind of laser forming method of WC-metallic composite structural member.
Background technology
WC-metallic composite is owing to having merged the characteristic of metal and enhancing particle, there is high rigidity, high strength and excellent wearability, having again good high temperature resistant and certain corrosion resistance, is a kind of excellent structural material, the conventional material doing mould, cutter and wear part.WC-metallic composite can forge and change shape and machine cut processing, can also pass through heat treatment synthesizing.
The process of preparing of WC-metallic composite has powder metallurgic method, infusion process, combustion synthesis method, pressure sintering, centre spinning, squeeze casting method and electroslag metallurgy technology etc.
WC particle, there is the characteristics such as high-melting-point, high rigidity and good stability, but can decompose in matrix phase under above-mentioned process conditions, thus adverse effect is played to the structure and properties of composite, and WC particle easily produces the serviceability that segregation also reduces this composite in a metal.
Laser forming metallic material parts generally adopts Layered manufacturing, and laser forming by little molten bath continuous solidification on the surface of the subbing layer, finally obtains three-dimensional shape.The size, setting rate, thermal penetration depth etc. of laser molten pool accurately can be controlled by laser forming technique.
Metal powder differs larger with the bulk density of WC powder, in laser forming process, easily cause layering because powder density difference is comparatively large, in molded component, cause the skewness of wild phase, and the design mix of wild phase can be changed, significantly reduce the performance of WC-metal composite component.
Summary of the invention
The present invention is directed to the deficiencies in the prior art, set about from formula and laser forming technique, a kind of laser forming method of new WC-metal A composite material structural member is provided, wild phase can be made to be uniformly distributed in the composite, realize the laser forming of the WC-metal A composite material component of function admirable.
Metal A refers to trade mark powder or the metal simple-substance such as H13 steel, 316L, Ni30.
The inventive method mainly comprises the following steps:
(1) composition of raw materials and pretreatment
Composition of raw materials is: WC 15 ~ 45wt.%, W 0.6 ~ 5wt.%, Ni 0 ~ 7wt.%, Cr 0 ~ 27%, Mo 0 ~ 10%, rare earth oxide 0.1 ~ 1.2wt.%, metal A surplus;
Raw material adopts powder, the wherein particle size requirements more than 20 microns of WC powder, metal A powder; By metal A powder and Ni, Cr, Mo powder ball milling 0.5 ~ 5 hour, by the ball milling mixing 0.5 ~ 5 hour together with W of WC powder, rare earth oxide;
(2) powder feeding and batch mixing
Powder feeding technique adopts dual hopper spiral powder feeding hybrid system to complete, WC, W and rare earth oxide mixed powder are put into a hopper, metal A powder and Ni, Cr, Mo powder are placed in another hopper, powder feeding simultaneously, and by screw speed and then the content adjusting WC powder in blender;
(3) laser dusts
Delivered in tripper by mixed powder and be divided into 2 ~ 8 pipelines to flow to laser nozzle carrying out laser forming, the laser nozzle of laser forming adopts coaxial discontinuous dust nozzle, realizes encircling powder jetting to laser molten pool, makes each uniform composition distribution of laser molten pool;
(4) laser forming
Utilize delamination software to cut into slices the digital graphic data of design part, and set up the best laser beam scan path of layering and interlayer connection cooperation thereof, arranging every layer thickness is 0.06 ~ 0.4mm, then carries out laser forming at four number of axle word machining tool higher slices; Control powder feeding composition and laser scanning route, carry out the laser forming of hierarchy inside and outside composite component, namely structural member skin is wear-resisting WC-metallic composite, and inside is metal matrix material;
(5) post processing adopts the method strengthening shot-peening to carry out surface treatment.
In the inventive method step (4), continuous CO 2power output 200 ~ the 1500W of laser, spot diameter 0.2 ~ 1.4mm, overlapping rate 20 ~ 70%, laser head Ar throughput 0.5 ~ 8L/min, powder feeder Ar throughput 0.2 ~ 10L/min, laser head sweep speed 5 ~ 40mm/s.
The present invention's dual hopper spiral powder feeding hybrid system used is primarily of two hoppers, powder feeding screw, direct current stepping motor, Fluidizer and two groups of valves, 2 ~ 8 flour extraction pipe, blender, tripper and laser nozzles compositions.The volume of blender is little and have the flow channel space of batch mixing to design, and can immediately immediately be delivered in tripper by mixed powder to be divided into 2 ~ 8 pipelines to flow to laser nozzle carrying out laser forming.As shown in Figure 1.
Parts top layer and internal layer are formed separately by the inventive method simultaneously, control powder feeding composition and laser scanning route, realize the laser manufacture of the metal-base composites parts of inside and outside hierarchy, components interior is made to have the toughness of metal material, top layer has function that is wear-resisting, resistance to high temperature oxidation, and the overall fracture toughness of parts is more than 80% of similar metal parts.
The performance of WC-metallic composite depends on content, the size of WC and is uniformly distributed.The present invention is with the instant powder feeding of dual hopper spiral powder feeding mixing system, and utilize coaxial discontinuous laser nozzle to be shaped WC-metal composite component, eliminate the situation of WC uneven distribution in WC-metallic composite, realize the laser forming of the WC-metallic composite structural member that WC content can be determined.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 dual hopper spiral powder feeding hybrid system structural representation.
Detailed description of the invention
The present invention is described further in conjunction with the embodiments.
Embodiment one
A kind of WC-H13 steel composite material wear-resistant slide plate laser forming method, comprises following flow process:
(1) raw material adopts powder, and the particle size of WC powder, H13 comminuted steel shot 40 ~ 80 microns, the total content of WC is 35wt.%.In comminuted steel shot, add the Ni of 7wt.% and carry out ball milling 45 minutes, in WC powder, adding the Y of 1.2% 2o 3with the W of 2.3wt.% and ball milling mixes 50 minutes.
(2) dual hopper spiral powder feeding hybrid system is adopted to carry out powder feeding and instant mixing, the mixed powder of WC, rare earth oxide and W is put into a hopper, steel and Ni mixed powder put into another hopper, Ar throughput 3L/min in hopper and blender, the speed 200 rpms of the corresponding motor of WC hopper, the speed 750 rpms of the corresponding motor of steel hopper.Tripper is divided into 4 pipelines to deliver to laser forming nozzle.
(3) nozzle of laser forming adopts coaxial discontinuous dust nozzle, realizes encircling powder jetting to laser molten pool, makes each uniform composition distribution of laser molten pool.
(4) Laser Processing uses CO 2laser instrument, its power output 850W, spot diameter 0.25mm, overlapping rate 40%, laser head Ar throughput 4L/min, laser head sweep speed 22mm/s.
(5) utilize delamination software to cut into slices the digital graphic data of composite-material abrasive slide plate, laser path is designed to complicated three-back-shaped shuttle-scanning, and interlayer interlocks 0.12mm, every layer thickness 0.15mm, at four number of axle word machining tool higher slice laser formings.Parts top layer and internal layer are formed separately, control powder feeding composition and laser scanning route, realize the laser manufacture of the metal-base composites parts of inside and outside hierarchy, components interior is made to have the toughness of metal material, top layer has function that is wear-resisting, resistance to high temperature oxidation, and the impact toughness of parts can reach 52J.cm -2above.
(6) method that shot-peening strengthened by the composite-material abrasive slide plate after being shaped carries out surface treatment.
Embodiment two
A kind of WC-Ni composite high temperature valve pocket laser forming method, comprises following flow process:
(1) raw material adopts powder, and the particle size of WC powder, Ni powder 35 ~ 120 microns, the total content of WC is 40wt.%.In Ni powder, add Cr 40wt.%, Mo16wt.% ball milling mixes 30 minutes, in WC powder, add the Y of 1.5% 2o 3with the W of 3.0wt.% and ball milling mixes 45 minutes.
(2) dual hopper spiral powder feeding hybrid system is adopted to carry out powder feeding and instant mixing, the mixed powder of WC, rare earth oxide and W is put into a hopper, NiCrMo mixed powder puts into another hopper, Ar throughput 4L/min in hopper and blender, the speed 220 rpms of the corresponding motor of WC hopper, the speed 720 rpms of the corresponding motor of Ni hopper.Tripper is divided into 4 pipelines to deliver to laser forming nozzle.
(3) nozzle of laser forming adopts coaxial discontinuous dust nozzle, can realize encircling powder jetting to laser molten pool, makes each uniform composition distribution of laser molten pool.
(4) Laser Processing uses CO 2laser instrument, its power output 900W, spot diameter 0.2mm, overlapping rate 40%, laser head Ar throughput 4.5L/min, laser head sweep speed 20mm/s.
(5) utilize delamination software to cut into slices the digital graphic data of composite high temperature valve pocket, laser path is designed to S shape shuttle-scanning, and interlayer interlocks 0.1mm, every layer thickness 0.12mm, at four number of axle word machining tool higher slice laser formings.Parts top layer and internal layer are formed separately, control powder feeding composition and laser scanning route, realize the laser manufacture of the metal-base composites parts of inside and outside hierarchy, components interior is made to have the toughness of metal material, top layer has function that is wear-resisting, resistance to high temperature oxidation, and the mechanical property σ of parts breach more than 560Mpa.
(6) the composite high-temperature valve after being shaped is applied mechanically the method strengthening shot-peening and is carried out surface treatment.
Embodiment three
A kind of WC-Co composite material sealing diameter of axle laser forming method, comprises following flow process:
(1) raw material adopts powder, and the particle size of WC powder, Co powder 30 ~ 100 microns, the total content of WC is 30wt.%.In Co powder, add Cr 36 wt.%, Mo13 wt.% ball milling mixes 60 minutes, in WC powder, add the Y of 1.8% 2o 3with the W of 2.8wt.% and ball milling mixes 40 minutes.
(2) dual hopper spiral powder feeding hybrid system is adopted to carry out powder feeding and instant mixing, the mixed powder of WC, rare earth oxide and W is put into a hopper, Co powder puts into another hopper, Ar throughput 4.5L/min in hopper and blender, the speed 150 rpms of the corresponding motor of WC hopper, the speed 650 rpms of the corresponding motor of Co hopper.Tripper is divided into 4 pipelines to deliver to laser forming nozzle.
(3) nozzle of laser forming adopts coaxial discontinuous dust nozzle, realizes encircling powder jetting to laser molten pool, makes each uniform composition distribution of laser molten pool.
(4) Laser Processing uses CO 2laser instrument, its power output 800W, spot diameter 0.18mm, overlapping rate 45%, laser head Ar throughput 3L/min, laser head sweep speed 30mm/s.
(5) utilize delamination software to cut into slices the digital graphic data of the composite material sealing diameter of axle, laser path is designed to S shape shuttle-scanning, and interlayer interlocks 0.1mm, every layer thickness 0.14mm, at four number of axle word machining tool higher slice laser formings.Parts top layer and internal layer are formed separately, control powder feeding composition and laser scanning route, realize the laser manufacture of the metal-base composites parts of inside and outside hierarchy, components interior is made to have the toughness of metal material, top layer has function that is wear-resisting, resistance to high temperature oxidation, and the mechanical property σ of parts 0.2reach more than 420Mpa.
(6) method that the composite material sealing diameter of axle after being shaped strengthens shot-peening carries out surface treatment.

Claims (4)

1. a laser forming method for WC-metal A composite material structural member, is characterized in that comprising the steps:
(1) composition of raw materials and pretreatment
Composition of raw materials is: WC 15 ~ 45wt.%, W 0.6 ~ 5wt.%, Ni 0 ~ 7wt.%, Cr 0 ~ 27wt.%, Mo 0 ~ 10wt.%, rare earth oxide 0.1 ~ 1.2wt.%, metal A surplus;
Raw material adopts powder, the wherein particle size requirements more than 20 microns of WC powder, metal A powder; By the one in metal A powder and Ni, Cr, Mo, two or three powder ball milling 0.5 ~ 5 hour, by the ball milling mixing 0.5 ~ 5 hour together with W of WC powder, rare earth oxide;
(2) powder feeding and batch mixing
Powder feeding technique adopts dual hopper spiral powder feeding hybrid system to complete, WC, W and rare earth oxide mixed powder are put into a hopper, one, two or three in metal A powder and Ni, Cr, Mo powder is placed in another hopper, powder feeding simultaneously, and by screw speed and then the content adjusting WC powder in blender;
(3) laser dusts
Delivered in tripper by mixed powder and be divided into 2 ~ 8 pipelines to flow to laser nozzle carrying out laser forming, the laser nozzle of laser forming adopts coaxial discontinuous dust nozzle, realizes encircling powder jetting to laser molten pool, makes each uniform composition distribution of laser molten pool;
(4) laser forming
Utilize delamination software to cut into slices the digital graphic data of design part, and set up the best laser beam scan path of layering and interlayer connection cooperation thereof, arranging every layer thickness is 0.06 ~ 0.4mm, then carries out laser forming at four number of axle word machining tool higher slices; Control powder feeding composition and laser scanning route, carry out the laser forming of hierarchy inside and outside composite component, namely structural member skin is wear-resisting WC-metallic composite, and inside is metal matrix material;
(5) post processing adopts the method strengthening shot-peening to carry out surface treatment.
2. laser forming method according to claim 1, is characterized in that, in step (4), and continuous CO 2power output 200 ~ the 1500W of laser, spot diameter 0.2 ~ 1.4mm, overlapping rate 20 ~ 70%, laser head Ar throughput 0.5 ~ 8L/min, powder feeder Ar throughput 0.2 ~ 10L/min, laser head sweep speed 5 ~ 40mm/s.
3. laser forming method according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, described dual hopper spiral powder feeding hybrid system is made up of two hoppers, powder feeding screw, direct current stepping motor, Fluidizer and two groups of valves, 2 ~ 8 flour extraction pipes, blender, tripper and laser nozzles.
4. laser forming method according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described metal A refers to H13 steel, 316L, Ni30 or metal simple-substance.
CN201410009745.4A 2014-01-09 2014-01-09 A kind of laser forming method of WC-metallic composite structural member Expired - Fee Related CN103691949B (en)

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CN105478762A (en) * 2015-12-08 2016-04-13 湖北工业大学 Laser forming method of Cr3C2-FeCr composite component
CN105478759A (en) * 2015-12-08 2016-04-13 湖北工业大学 Laser forming method of Cr3C2-Cu composite component
CN105478761A (en) * 2015-12-08 2016-04-13 湖北工业大学 Laser forming method of Cr3C2-CoCr composite component
CN105328181A (en) * 2015-12-08 2016-02-17 湖北工业大学 Laser formation method of TiC-NiMo composite component
CN105458258A (en) * 2015-12-08 2016-04-06 湖北工业大学 Laser forming method of TiC-Co composite material component
CN105478760A (en) * 2015-12-08 2016-04-13 湖北工业大学 Laser forming method of TiC-Cu composite component
CN105344994A (en) * 2015-12-08 2016-02-24 湖北工业大学 Laser forming method of TiC-Ti composite component
CN105458259A (en) * 2015-12-08 2016-04-06 湖北工业大学 Laser forming method of Cr3C2-NiCr composite material component
CN105328190A (en) * 2015-12-08 2016-02-17 湖北工业大学 Laser forming method for TiC-FeCr-Gr composite material component
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CN105478763A (en) * 2015-12-08 2016-04-13 湖北工业大学 Laser forming method of TiC-Al-Gr composite material component
CN107983958A (en) * 2017-09-25 2018-05-04 武汉工程大学 A kind of composite material 3D printing manufacturing process
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