CN103748300A - 用于地板镶板的机械锁定系统 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明涉及建筑镶板,尤其示出了地板镶板,其设置有锁定系统,该锁定系统包括多个腔室和局部突起,所述腔室和局部突起对相邻镶板的第一和第二边缘提供水平锁定。
Description
技术领域
本发明总地涉及用于地板镶板和建筑镶板的机械锁定系统的领域。本发明公开了地板块、锁定系统和生产方法。
背景技术
本发明的应用领域
本发明的实施例尤其适合用于由地板镶板组成的浮动地板,该地板镶板通过与其成一体的(即,在工厂中安装好的)锁定系统机械接合,该地板镶板通过由木材或木材贴面、装饰层压板、粉末基表面或装饰塑料材料构成的一个或多个上层、由木纤维基材料或塑料材料构成的中间芯部、以及优选地位于芯部后侧的下部平衡层组成。具有由软木、漆布、橡胶或者软质耐磨层(例如胶粘到板材上的针刺毡)构成的表面层的地板镶板、具有印刷的以及优选还上漆的表面的地板镶板也包括在内。本发明的实施例还可以用于接合优选地包含板材材料的建筑镶板,例如墙板、天花板、家具构件及类似物。
下面作为非限制性示例对已知技术、已知系统的问题以及本发明的实施例的目的和特征进行的说明将首先针对地板镶板,并且尤其针对具有长边和短边的薄地板镶板,例如,通常称为LVT的豪华乙烯塑料地板,该地板镶板预期在长边和短边两者上彼此机械接合。
长边和短边主要用于简化对本发明的实施例的说明。镶板可以是方形的。
本发明的背景
如图1a和1b中所示,LVT地板通常包括可以涂覆有PU漆2(其优选地通过紫外线固化)的透明耐磨层3、装饰塑料薄片4和一个或若干个通常具有不同密度和硬度的芯层5a、5b。在此对已知技术的描述的相关部分也是本发明的一部分。
厚度为2-3毫米的薄LVT地板传统上都是通过粘合到底层地板上进行安装。近来,包括允许不使用胶粘剂而进行浮动安装的机械锁定系统的LVT地板已被引入市场。这有利于安装并且免除了准备用于粘接的底层地板的大量工作。
这种LVT地板通常具有4-5毫米厚度。该厚度主要是为了形成锁定系统而需要的。镶板本身是坚固且柔性的,并且大约3毫米的厚度在许多应用中都是够用的,但是,由于该厚度难以在这种薄地板中形成锁定系统,因此,该厚度可能是不合适的。
然而,这种类型的浮动LVT地板具有若干缺点。它们较重。与密度为大约0.8kg/dm3的层压地板相比,该浮动LVT地板的密度例如为大约1.6kg/dm3。温度敏感性也比层压地板高三倍多。当温度改变20摄氏度时,LVT地板可能移动约2毫米/米。
与厚度有关的这类问题也适用于其他高品质的地板镶板,例如,具有高密度和品质的木质粉末基地板。由于整个地板镶板的材料含量必须增加25%或更多,形成锁定系统的附加成本相当大。
一些术语的定义
在下文中,安装好的地板镶板的可视表面称为“前侧”,而地板镶板的面向底层地板的相对侧称为“后侧”。前侧和后侧之间的边缘称为“接合边缘”。“水平面”是指平行于表面层的外部部分延伸的平面。两个接合在一起的地板镶板的两个相邻接合边缘的紧密并置的上部部分共同限定了垂直于该水平面的“垂直面”。“垂直锁定”指平行于该垂直面进行锁定。“水平锁定”指平行于该水平面进行锁定。
“上”指朝向前侧,“下”指朝向后侧,“向内”指主要是水平地朝向镶板的内侧中心部,而“向外”指主要是水平地远离镶板的中心部。
“锁定系统”指共同作用的连接元件,它们垂直和/或水平地连接地板镶板。“条板平面”指位于条板主体上表面的最下部处的水平面。“槽平面”指位于锁定槽的内上部处的水平面。
相关技术及其问题
图1a和1b示出了具有通过偏角倾斜(angling)进行锁定的锁定系统的LVT地板镶板。通过锁定条板6实现水平锁定,该锁定条板6具有条板主体7和形成在一个镶板边缘1处的锁定元件8,该锁定元件8锁定在形成于另一相邻镶板边缘1’中的锁定槽14内。
条板主体7具有条板表面7a。条板平面SP位于条板表面7a的最下部处。锁定槽14具有容纳锁定元件8所需的垂直延伸部。槽平面GP位于锁定槽14的上部处。地板镶板的厚度必需适配于条板平面SP和槽平面GP之间的这种要求的垂直距离。如果能够在可以减少或者甚至完全消除条板平面SP和槽平面GP之间的垂直距离的情况下使用锁定系统,则地板镶板的厚度可以减少25%或更多。
如果能够用无需较深的垂直锁定槽和从条板主体垂直延伸的锁定元件的锁定系统来锁定薄镶板,这将是很有利的。如果可以减轻重量以及如果可以消除与温度变化有关的问题,尤其是在涉及地板采暖的安装中的问题,这也将是有利的。
发明内容
本发明的实施例的总体目标是提供一种改善的、更成本高效的锁定系统,该锁定系统主要可以用在薄地板和具有软的柔性芯层的地板中。
一个具体目的是降低LVT地板的重量并调整镶板以使其适于安装在经受剧烈温度变化的区域中。另一具体目的是提供一种成本高效的、用于生产尤其是薄地板镶板中的锁定系统的生产方法。
本发明的实施例的上述目的可以通过根据本发明的实施例的锁定系统和地板镶板全部或部分地实现。
本发明的第一方面是建筑镶板,该建筑镶板设置有用于垂直和水平锁定相邻建筑镶板的第一和第二边缘的锁定系统。该锁定系统包括用于垂直锁定的榫舌和榫舌槽。在第一边缘处的条板设置有锁定元件,该锁定元件与形成在相邻的第二边缘中的向下开口的锁定槽配合以进行水平锁定。该条板包括具有腔室的条板主体,该第二边缘包括向下延伸的局部突起。当镶板被垂直和水平锁定时,该突起位于腔室中。
锁定元件可以是腔室的一部分,并且条板主体可以包括若干个腔室。
腔室优选地完全穿过条板主体而延伸。
第二边缘可以包括若干个局部突起。
锁定元件和/或突起沿边缘可以是非连续的。
条板主体可以包括水平的条板平面和锁定槽,该条板平面位于条板上表面的最下部处,该锁定槽包括位于锁定槽的内上部处的水平的槽平面,使得条板平面和槽平面比锁定元件的垂直延伸部在垂直方向上更靠近彼此。
锁定系统可以包括基本位于同一水平面上的条板平面和槽平面。
本发明的第二方面是用于生产具有锁定系统的镶板的方法。该方法包括以下步骤:
a)通过冲孔形成腔室的一部分;以及
b)通过螺纹铣刀(screw cutter)形成突起的一部分。
锁定系统可以形成在长边和/或短边上,并且可以通过偏角倾斜和/或水平卡合和/或垂直折叠进行锁定。
本发明的第三方面是通过根据第二方面的方法生产的根据第一方面的建筑镶板。
本发明的第四方面是建筑镶板,该建筑镶板设置有用于垂直和水平锁定相邻建筑镶板的第一和第二边缘的锁定系统。该锁定系统构造成通过相邻边缘相对于彼此的垂直移动来锁定边缘。该锁定系统包括固定在固定槽中的单独的榫舌。该榫舌与榫舌槽配合以进行垂直锁定。在第一边缘处的条板设置有锁定元件,该锁定元件与形成在相邻的第二边缘中的向下开口的锁定槽配合以进行水平锁定。
条板包括具有腔室的条板主体,第二边缘包括向下延伸的局部突起。当镶板被垂直和水平锁定时,该突起位于腔室中。在锁定位置,榫舌槽的下部与条板表面的上部基本位于相同的水平面上。
锁定元件可以为腔室的一部分。
腔室优选地完全穿过条板主体而延伸。
条板主体可以包括若干个腔室。
第二边缘可以包括若干个局部突起。
本发明的第五方面为建筑镶板,该建筑镶板具有用于垂直和水平锁定相邻镶板的第一和第二边缘的锁定系统。该系统构造成通过相邻边缘相对于彼此的垂直移动来锁定边缘。该锁定系统包括与榫舌槽或侧切部(undercut)配合以进行垂直锁定的榫舌。在第一边缘处的条板设置有锁定元件,该锁定元件与形成在相邻的第二边缘中的向下开口的锁定槽配合以进行水平锁定。条板包括具有腔室的条板主体。第二边缘包括向下延伸的局部突起。当镶板被垂直和水平锁定时,该突起位于腔室中。
榫舌可以位于突起的下部处。
腔室优选地完全穿过条板主体而延伸。
本发明的第六方面是用于生产包括进行垂直和/或水平锁定的锁定系统的镶板的方法。该方法包括以下步骤:
·用刀具形成锁定系统的一部分,该刀具包括基本呈V形或U形的开口刀刃;和
·移动切掉的材料,使得所述材料在切割期间流入开口刀刃的内部。
本发明的第七方面是一种方法,该方法用于将片材分成第一和第二地板镶板以及形成包括进行垂直和/或水平锁定的锁定系统的两个相邻边缘。第一边缘包括水平突出到上部之外的下部,第二边缘包括水平突出到下部之外的上部。该方法包括以下步骤:
·通过进行水平和垂直切割的切割刀具切割片材和分离镶板;以及
·通过所述切割在第一镶板上形成下部并在第二镶板上形成上部。
本发明的第八方面为地板镶板,该地板镶板设置有用于垂直和/或水平锁定相邻镶板的第一和第二边缘的锁定系统,所述镶板包括塑料耐磨层和一个或若干个塑料芯层,所述芯层具有若干个基本垂直的挠曲槽(flexing groove),该挠曲槽具有其厚度为芯部厚度的至少大约三分之一的垂直延伸部。
挠曲槽可以由衬垫物覆盖。
挠曲槽可以基本上与长边平行,并且其长度小于短边上的锁定系统之间的距离。
本发明的第九方面为弹性地板镶板,该地板镶板具有长边和短边,该长边和短边设置有用于垂直和/或水平锁定相邻镶板的第一和第二边缘的锁定系统。该镶板包括允许通过重叠短边而进行弯曲的弹性材料。其中一个长边设置有沿该边缘延伸和从该边缘水平突出的塑料锁定条板。该锁定条板包括至少一个垂直延伸的突起,该突起构造成插入形成在相邻边缘处的锁定槽中。
锁定条板可以为热塑性挤出型材。
地板镶板的长度可以是宽度的至少15倍。
附图说明
下面将结合示例性实施例以及详细参考所附的示意性附图对本发明进行说明,其中:
图1a-b示出了根据已知技术的地板镶板和锁定系统。
图2a-c示出了具有根据本发明的实施例的锁定系统的两个边缘部段。
图3a-3c示出了利用根据本发明的实施例的锁定系统进行锁定。
图4a-d示出了根据本发明的实施例的用于形成锁定系统的生产方法。
图5a-d示出了根据本发明的实施例的锁定系统,该锁定系统可以利用垂直折叠进行锁定。
图6a-d示出了根据本发明的实施例的连接到边缘的单独的条板部件。
图7a-b示出了本发明的实施例。
图8a-d示出了根据本发明的实施例的具有单独榫舌的向下折叠的锁定系统。
图9a-d示出了具有向下折叠的锁定系统的实施例,该锁定系统具有与镶板制成一体的榫舌。
图10a-e示出了本发明的实施例。
图11a-f示出了根据本发明的实施例的镶板的分离。
图12a-b示出了包括用螺纹铣刀进行切割的实施例。
图13a-d示出了包括用若干刀具形成锁定系统的实施例。
图14a-d示出了包括重量减轻和温度特性改善的LVT镶板的实施例。
图15a-d示出了利用垂直运动进行安装的锁定系统。
图16a-d示出了利用垂直运动进行安装的锁定系统。
图17a-c示出了利用垂直运动进行安装的锁定系统。
图18a-d示出了利用偏角倾斜进行安装的锁定系统。
图19示出了形成在后侧的槽。
图20a-b示出了形成在后侧的槽。
图21a-d示出了形成卷材的弹性地板的安装。
图22a-d示出了包括挤出型材的锁定系统。
具体实施方式
为了便于理解,在附图中示意性地示出了若干锁定系统。应该强调的是,可以利用实施例的组合获得改善的或不同的功能。
所有实施例都可以单独或组合使用。角度、尺寸、倒圆部分、表面之间的空间等仅仅是示例性的,并且可以在本发明的基本原理内进行调整。
图2a示出了从上方观察的根据本发明一个实施例的第一镶板1和第二镶板1’的边缘部段。在条板主体7中形成有从条板表面7a到镶板1的后侧的若干个腔室20。该腔室水平延伸至锁定元件8。配合的垂直延伸的突起21形成于第二镶板1’上并位于锁定槽14和榫舌10之间。在该实施例中,锁定元件8沿接头是连续的。锁定元件和锁定槽的配合的锁定表面42、43是非连续的。
图2b示出了与腔室20和突起21相交的横截面A-A。条板平面SP和槽平面GP基本位于同一水平面内。突起21形成为可以插入腔室20中。沿接头的长度方向的突起延伸部小于相应的腔室延伸部。
优选的是,突起小2-5mm,因此,当安装在一排中的第一镶板时,不需要在锁定期间进行精确的定位。
锁定元件8完全位于条板表面7a和条板平面SP的下方。由于不需要在条板平面SP上方延伸的锁定槽14,这可以减小地板厚度。
图2c示出了与条板6的其中没有形成腔室的一部分相交的横截面B-B。该完整的条板主体与锁定元件8相连。相邻的第二边缘1’没有突起和锁定槽。边缘23的下部基本上是平坦的,并且基本水平延伸。
图3a和3b示出了在锁定位置的横截面B-B和A-A。图3c示出了通过偏角倾斜进行锁定。锁定系统还可以设计成使得它可以通过水平和/或垂直卡合进行锁定,其中,条板向后弯曲或者小的榫舌10被压入榫舌槽中。
图4a示出了利用冲孔形成腔室20的方法。在表面层向下的情况下对镶板进行机加工。当镶板关于旋转的切割工具移动时,可以基于对锁定系统的机加工使用冲孔轮30形成腔室20。该腔室可以在锁定系统的一部分形成时作为中间步骤而形成,或者在整个边缘形成时作为最后的步骤而形成,其可以在线形成或者通过单独的操作形成。旋转的切割工具31可以用于(优选地在冲孔后)在锁定元件上形成小的引导表面。
图4b示出了利用螺纹铣刀32形成局部突起21的方法,该螺纹铣刀32沿接头进行垂直切割。也可以使用移动的锯片。
图4c和4d示出了处于锁定位置的相邻边缘。图4d示出了本发明的实施例可以与优选较小的锁定元件8’和较小的锁定槽14’组合,该较小的锁定元件8’优选地包括上部引导表面。
图4c示出了建筑镶板可以包括优选地在条板7内垂直定位的第三芯层5c,从而加强条板7。在一个优选实施例中,该第三层位于锁定元件8和锁定槽14的配合表面处。这样的层提高了锁定强度并且使得将锁定元件8定位在锁定槽14中更容易。芯部可以包括若干个这样的层。
图5a-5c示出了根据本发明的实施例的水平锁定可以与柔性的和可移位的榫舌11组合,该榫舌11固定在水平延伸的固定槽12中并且在垂直折叠期间进行卡合。本发明可以与所有已知的所谓的向下折叠系统组合使用,当镶板平放在底层地板上时,该系统通过折叠期间的垂直卡合或者折叠后的侧推动作而锁定。单独的榫舌11可以固定到第一镶板1的边缘或第二镶板1’的边缘。图5d示出了包括柔性突起13的柔性刚毛榫舌。在折叠期间,该榫舌在固定槽12中移动。单独的榫舌还可以固定到槽中并且可以包括柔性的外部部分。
图6a-6d示出了本发明的实施例的原理可以与单独的条板部件6结合,该单独的条板部件6附连到镶板边缘且包括腔室20、20’。条板部件6包括可以插入槽中或压入塑料芯部中的条板腿部34以及固定元件33。条板部件6可以形成为使得它可以通过基本水平的卡合与镶板边缘连接。
图7a和7b示出了腔室,该腔室形成为使得锁定元件8沿接头是不连续的。
本发明的实施例可以在3毫米或者甚至更薄的地板镶板中形成牢固的锁定。地板镶板可以形成有如图2c所示的约1毫米的上唇部24、约1毫米的榫舌10和榫舌槽9、以及约1毫米的条板主体。锁定元件8和锁定槽14不需要材料,这意味着通过减小镶板厚度可以实现可观的成本节约。
图8a-8d示出了适合非常薄的地板镶板的向下折叠的锁定系统。单独的且优选柔性的和/或可移位的榫舌11可以插入固定槽12中,该固定槽12形成为使得其下部与条板6的上部基本上位于同一水平面HP上。条板6为固定槽12的下部的延伸部。在锁定位置,榫舌槽9的下部9a与条板表面7a的上部基本上位于同一水平面HP上。图8b示出了上下翻转致使其表面向下的第二镶板1’。单独的榫舌11与腔室20的内部垂直重叠。一个优点在于,由于突起21位于条板表面7a的上部下方的腔室20内,所以可以在较薄的镶板内形成锁定系统。
图9a-9d示出了可以通过垂直运动被锁定并且在突起21的下部包括榫舌10a的锁定系统。在该实施例中,榫舌与镶板形成为一体。图9b示出了锁定元件8包括基本向外水平弯曲的挠曲部22。榫舌10a抵靠形成在腔室20的下部的侧切部15进行锁定。如果突起21在接头的长度方向上比腔室20的相应开口更小,则将是有利的。这有利于柔性部22的挠曲,在锁定期间,该柔性部22将被推向外侧。镶板可以包括例如玻璃纤维制成的加强层5c或者坚固的塑料层,它们可以提高锁定元件的强度和柔性。优选地,该加强层围绕整个腔室20是完整的。沿着接头,一个或若干个榫舌可以在外部10a或内部10c处形成在突起上,或者形成在边缘10b、10d之一或两者上。
图10a-10e示出了图9中示出的锁定系统的不同实施例。图10a示出了形成在突起的内部处的榫舌10c,该突起可以包括弯曲槽16。图10b和10c示出了两个榫舌10a、10c以及相应的侧切部15、15a。图10c和10d示出了形成在条板上方的上边缘处的榫舌-槽连接结构10、9,图10e示出了仅进行水平锁定的钩型连接。
本说明书中示出的所有实施例都可以部分或全部组合,并且可以任选地用在长边和/或短边上。
LVT镶板是用片材生产的,该片材被垂直切割成若干单个的地板镶板1,1’。锁定系统的形成产生了废料W,如图11a所示。图11b-11f示出了垂直和水平地切割单个镶板可以减少废料W。切割槽36优选地由刀具、雕刻工具或者旋转切割工具以及这些工具的各种组合形成。此后,镶板由基本进行水平切割的刀具35a和基本进行垂直切割的刀具或雕刻工具35b进行分离。图11e示出了第一边缘1形成有水平突出于上部之外的下部40,第二边缘1’形成有水平突出于下部之外的上部41。可以用刀具或刮削工具形成非线性切口,并且这可以实现可观的材料节约。图11f示出了可以用进行垂直和水平切割的一个刀具35c形成整个切口。
图12a和12b示出了通过螺纹铣刀32形成镶板边缘,该螺纹铣刀32垂直于镶板1’的移动方向进行切割并形成突起21。
塑料基LVT地板中的锁定系统可以由传统的旋转切削工具形成,该切削工具利用可以固定或旋转的切割刀具像锯片一样部分或完全地进行切割。也可以使用雕刻工具。图13a-13d示出了机械锁定系统的所有部分都可以由具有直的刀刃35a、35b、35c或者具有不规则形式35d、35e、35f和35g的切割刀具形成。具有直刀刃的切割刀具优选地为旋转刀具。不规则的刀具优选地形成为开口的V形或U形部件,其允许切下来的材料流入切割工具37的内部,从而可以在工具35或镶板1相对于彼此移动时除去该材料。
刀具可以是静止不动的,并且镶板可以相对于刀具移动。也可以相对于固定的镶板移动刀具。
由于塑料材料在温度升高时相当软,因此,升高的温度将有利于例如利用刀具、雕刻工具、冲孔轮、螺纹铣刀等进行所有类型的边缘分离和成形。可以利用例如加热边缘部分的红外灯、热空气等对镶板进行整体加热或者仅进行局部加热。
在升高的温度下,利用挤压和形成边缘的轧辊(roller)或者压轮可以容易地形成倾面或倒角边缘。这种成型设备可以是压花的,并且边缘可以形成有与镶板表面相同的结构。在形成期间可以施加装饰涂料。
利用加热以及压制和形成边缘的轧辊,也可以形成锁定系统的各部分。
LVT地板对于湿度很稳定,但是它们在温度变化时膨胀或收缩。当温度从10摄氏度变化到40摄氏度时,一些LVT地板可以收缩和膨胀约2毫米。当LVT地板尤其是在具有地板采暖的房间中被浮动安装时,这可能会引起问题。
温度敏感性的主要原因在于用在表面和芯层中的塑料(PVC)的类型。在芯层中添加特殊的填充物可以降低温度敏感性。
可以通过镶板的柔性补偿膨胀和收缩。这种柔性必须是使得锁定系统能够在低温下将地板保持在一起,并使得镶板在高温下膨胀时将不会向上翘曲或弯曲。
图14a、14b和14d示出了,如果在芯部5b的后侧处形成若干挠曲槽19,则可以大大提高柔性。优选地可以沿着板材和/或横过板材用刀具形成这种槽。切下的材料可以完全回收并用于制造新的芯部。也可以在压制镶板时形成所述槽。当在非连续压机中压制片材时,这种生产方法是合适的。当在连续压机中生产片材时,可以优选地使用刀具。当材料是热的时,非常容易去除材料。
图14b、14d示出了挠曲槽可以由衬垫物18覆盖,该衬垫物可以是泡沫塑料或者与用在芯部中的材料类似的任何其他塑料材料。优选的是,挠曲槽19具有垂直延伸部,该垂直延伸部的厚度为芯部厚度的至少大约三分之一。
该槽19可以用于减少镶板的重量。
图14c示出了包括更稳定的层可以提高温度稳定性,例如,一层或多层玻璃纤维,或者优选地包括木质纤维的辅助芯部17。辅助芯部17可以为具有高耐湿性的高品质HDF板或者木质粉末基板。
图15a-d示出了通过垂直卡合进行锁定的锁定系统。突起21包括榫舌10a,该榫舌与形成在锁定元件后侧处的侧切部15a配合。榫舌10可以形成在突起21的内部处。突起21和锁定元件在垂直运动期间被水平弯曲和移动,如图15b和15c所示。图15d示出了在没有形成突起和腔室处的横截面。该横截面仅有水平锁定。该实施例的特征在于,锁定系统包括沿接头的仅进行水平锁定的第一组截面,和进行水平和垂直锁定的第二组截面。锁定系统的特征还在于,突起21和锁定元件8在垂直运动期间发生水平移动。
图16a-16d示出了与图15a-d中示出的系统类似的锁定系统。但是,榫舌10a形成在突起21的外部处。锁定元件8还可以是非连续的,如图16c-d所示。这种几何形状有利于形成腔室20,该腔室可以用旋转工具形成。该实施例的特征在于,锁定系统包括沿接头的仅进行垂直锁定的第一组截面(A-A)和仅进行水平锁定的第二组截面(B-B)。
图17a-c示出了根据图16a-d的锁定系统的锁定。第一组截面A和第二组截面B垂直移动,其中,突起21在锁定期间水平向内移动。
图18a-c示出了一种锁定系统,其中,腔室21和突起20主要用于在偏角倾斜操作期间引导地板镶板。水平锁定通过锁定元件8和锁定槽14上的配合的锁定表面42、43实现,其位于条板平面SP的上方和下方。用具有仅大约0.2-0.5毫米的垂直延伸锁定表面的塑料材料可以获得牢固的锁定,尤其是如果锁定表面的一部分上的锁定角44较大时,例如,如图18b所示约90度。该锁定只有在将突起定位在腔室上方时才可以实现。可以用若干步骤实现该锁定。如果突起21没有如图18c所示位于腔室20上方,镶板将停留在偏角倾斜位置。随后,可以进行沿接头的移动,并且突起21将自动落入腔室20内,如图18c所示。图18示出了榫舌10可以形成在包括腔室20的边缘上。该实施例可用于节约材料。
图19示出了挠曲槽19可以形成在后侧处,该挠曲槽的长度小于后侧的长度。这种成形可以由旋转的跳动工具(jumping tool)或由刀具实现。优点在于,挠曲槽19不是形成在其中形成有锁定系统的边缘部分中。挠曲槽19可以与长边基本平行,并且可以具有小于短边上的锁定系统之间的距离的长度。
图20a-b示出了位置标记45可以通过机械成形或者利用榫舌10上的色斑而形成,以使得它们从前侧是可见的。它们可以用于在腔室20上方定位突起21。图20b示出了挠曲槽19可以是非连续的并且以多种方式布置。
图21a-d示出了弹性地板可以在短边重叠的情况下成卷运输,其中,每卷对应一排。该卷材优选地具有0.1-0.5米的宽度,并且可以包括在安装位置长度为若干米的地板材料。一个优选的实施例是包括弹性地板材料(优选PVC材料)的卷材,该卷材在展开和安装位置的长度为宽度的15倍以上。一个甚至更优选的实施例是,安装长度为宽度的大约50倍以上的卷材。这样的卷材可以是约0.2米宽且约10米长,并且可以包括2平方米的地板材料。包括第一和第二向上延伸突起47、48的挤出锁定条板46可以附连在卷材的一个边缘的保持槽49中。该第一向上延伸突起47附连在第一边缘1的保持槽49中,并且,该第二向上延伸突起48在安装到形成在第二卷材的相邻边缘1’内的锁定槽14中期间被卷绕和挤压。由于突起48在地板展开时逐渐插入锁定槽14中,这种组合的挤压和卷绕操作有利于突起48插入锁定槽14中。
图22a-22d示出了所有上述实施例可以用于形成锁定条板46a、46b,所述条板可以作为单独的条板附连到相邻的镶板边缘或者卷材边缘上,以提供垂直和/或水平锁定。图22b和22c示出了对挤出塑料型材冲压可以形成包括腔室20和突起21的锁定条板。图22d示出了位于锁定位置的锁定条板。锁定系统通过垂直移动进行锁定,其中,突起21通过卷绕运动插入腔室20中。第一向上延伸突起47可以与胶粘剂或热粘接相组合,或被其替代。如图22d所示,锁定条板可以包括若干向上延伸突起48’、48。
上述方法还可以用于锁定漆布地板和其他弹性地板。
Claims (27)
1.一种建筑镶板,该建筑镶板设置有用于垂直和水平锁定相邻镶板的第一边缘(1)和第二边缘(1’)的锁定系统,所述锁定系统包括用于垂直锁定的榫舌(10)和榫舌槽(9),以及在所述第一边缘(1)处的设置有锁定元件(8)的条板(6),所述锁定元件与形成在所述第二边缘(1’)中的向下开口的锁定槽(14)配合以进行水平锁定,其特征在于,
所述条板(6)包括具有腔室(20)的条板主体(7),
所述第二边缘(1’)包括向下延伸的局部突起(21),以及
当镶板被垂直和水平锁定时,所述突起(21)位于所述腔室(20)中。
2.根据权利要求1所述的建筑镶板,其特征在于,所述锁定元件(8)是所述腔室(20)的一部分。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的建筑镶板,其特征在于,所述腔室(20)完全穿过所述条板主体(7)延伸。
4.根据上述权利要求中的任一项所述的建筑镶板,其特征在于,所述锁定元件(8)沿所述第一边缘(1)是非连续的。
5.根据上述权利要求中的任一项所述的建筑镶板,其特征在于,所述突起(21)沿所述第二边缘(1’)是非连续的。
6.根据上述权利要求中的任一项所述的建筑镶板,其特征在于,所述条板主体(7)包括多个腔室(20)。
7.根据上述权利要求中的任一项所述的建筑镶板,其特征在于,所述第二边缘(1’)包括多个局部突起(21)。
8.根据上述权利要求中的任一项所述的建筑镶板,其特征在于,所述条板主体(7)包括位于条板上表面(7a)的最下部的水平的条板平面(SP),所述锁定槽(14)包括位于所述锁定槽(14)的内上部的水平的槽平面(GP),其中,所述条板平面(SP)和所述槽平面(GP)比所述锁定元件(8)的垂直延伸部在垂直方向上更靠近彼此。
9.根据权利要求8所述的建筑镶板,其特征在于,所述条板平面(SP)和所述槽平面(GP)基本位于同一垂直高度。
10.一种生产镶板的方法,该镶板具有根据权利要求1-9中的任一项的锁定系统,其中,所述方法包括以下步骤:
通过冲孔形成腔室的至少一部分;和
通过螺纹铣刀形成突起的至少一部分。
11.一种建筑镶板,所述建筑镶板设置有用于垂直和水平锁定相邻镶板的第一边缘(1)和第二边缘(1’)的锁定系统,所述锁定系统构造成通过所述第一边缘(1)和所述第二边缘(1’)相对于彼此的垂直移动来锁定边缘,所述锁定系统包括固定在固定槽(12)中的单独的榫舌(11)和在所述第一边缘(1)处的条板(6),所述榫舌与榫舌槽(9)配合以进行垂直锁定,所述条板设置有锁定元件(8),所述锁定元件与形成在所述第二边缘(1’)中的向下开口的锁定槽(14)配合以进行水平锁定,其特征在于,
所述条板(6)包括具有腔室(20)的条板主体(7),
所述第二边缘(1’)包括向下延伸的局部突起(21),
当镶板被垂直和水平锁定时,所述突起(21)位于所述腔室(20)中,以及
当相邻镶板被垂直和水平锁定时,所述榫舌槽(9)的下部(9a)与条板表面(7a)的上部基本位于同一水平面(HP)上。
12.根据权利要求11所述的建筑镶板,其特征在于,所述锁定元件(8)为所述腔室(20)的一部分。
13.根据权利要求11或12所述的建筑镶板,其特征在于,所述腔室(20)完全穿过所述条板主体(7)延伸。
14.根据权利要求12或13所述的建筑镶板,其特征在于,所述条板主体(7)包括多个腔室(20)。
15.根据前述权利要求11-14中的任一项所述的建筑镶板,其特征在于,所述第二边缘(1’)包括多个局部突起(21)。
16.一种建筑镶板,所述建筑镶板设置有用于垂直和水平锁定相邻镶板的第一边缘(1)和第二边缘(1’)的锁定系统,所述锁定系统构造成通过所述第一边缘(1)和所述第二边缘(1’)相对于彼此的垂直移动来锁定边缘,所述锁定系统包括榫舌(10a,10b,10c,10d)和在所述第一边缘(1)处的条板(6),所述榫舌与榫舌槽(9)或侧切部(15,15a)配合以进行垂直锁定,所述条板设置有锁定元件(8),所述锁定元件与形成在相邻的所述第二边缘(1’)中的向下开口的锁定槽(14)配合以进行水平锁定,其特征在于,
所述条板(6)包括具有腔室(20)的条板主体(7),
所述第二边缘(1’)包括向下延伸的局部突起(21),以及
当镶板被垂直和水平锁定时,所述突起(21)位于所述腔室(20)中。
17.根据权利要求16所述的建筑镶板,其特征在于,所述锁定元件(8)为所述腔室(20)的一部分。
18.根据权利要求16或17所述的建筑镶板,其特征在于,所述腔室(20)完全穿过所述条板主体(7)延伸。
19.根据权利要求16-18中的任一项所述的建筑镶板,其特征在于,所述榫舌位于所述突起(21)的下部处。
20.一种用于生产镶板的方法,该镶板包括进行垂直和/或水平锁定的锁定系统,其中,所述方法包括以下步骤:
利用刀具(35e,35f,35g)形成锁定系统的一部分,所述刀具包括基本呈V形或U形的开口刀刃;和
移动切掉的材料,使得所述材料在切割期间流入所述开口刀刃的内部。
21.一种用于将片材分离成第一地板镶板(1)和第二地板镶板(1’)和形成两个相邻边缘(1,1’)的方法,所述边缘包括进行垂直和/或水平锁定的锁定系统,其中,第一边缘(1)包括水平突出到上部之外的下部(40),第二边缘(1’)包括水平突出到下部之外的上部(41),其中,所述方法包括以下步骤:
通过进行水平和垂直切割的切割刀具切割片材和分离镶板;以及
通过所述切割在第一镶板(1)上形成所述下部(40)并在第二镶板(1’)上形成所述上部(41)。
22.一种地板镶板,所述地板镶板设置有用于垂直和/或水平锁定相邻镶板的第一边缘(1)和第二边缘(1’)的锁定系统,所述地板镶板包括塑料耐磨层(3)和一个或多个塑料芯层(5a,5b),其特征在于,
所述芯层(5b)包括多个基本垂直的挠曲槽(19),所述挠曲槽具有厚度为芯部厚度的至少大约三分之一的垂直延伸部。
23.根据权利要求21所述的镶板,其特征在于,所述挠曲槽由衬垫物(18)覆盖。
24.根据权利要求22或23所述的镶板,其特征在于,所述挠曲槽(19)与长边基本平行,并且具有小于短边上的锁定系统之间的距离的长度。
25.一种具有长边和短边的弹性地板镶板,所述长边和短边设置有用于垂直和/或水平锁定相邻镶板的第一边缘(1)和第二边缘(1’)的锁定系统,所述弹性地板镶板包括弹性材料,所述弹性材料允许通过重叠短边进行弯曲,其特征在于,
所述第一边缘(1)为长边(1),并且设置有沿第一边缘延伸且从该边缘水平突出的塑料锁定条板(46),
所述锁定条板(46)包括至少一个垂直延伸的突起(48),所述突起(48)构造成插入形成在所述第二边缘处的锁定槽(14)中,所述第二边缘是相邻镶板的长边。
26.根据权利要求25所述的弹性地板镶板,其特征在于,所述锁定条板(46)为热塑性挤出型材。
27.根据权利要求25或26所述的弹性地板镶板,其特征在于,长度是宽度的至少15倍。
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