CN103762487A - Tunable laser with double output light beams - Google Patents
Tunable laser with double output light beams Download PDFInfo
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- CN103762487A CN103762487A CN201410002580.8A CN201410002580A CN103762487A CN 103762487 A CN103762487 A CN 103762487A CN 201410002580 A CN201410002580 A CN 201410002580A CN 103762487 A CN103762487 A CN 103762487A
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01S—DEVICES USING THE PROCESS OF LIGHT AMPLIFICATION BY STIMULATED EMISSION OF RADIATION [LASER] TO AMPLIFY OR GENERATE LIGHT; DEVICES USING STIMULATED EMISSION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION IN WAVE RANGES OTHER THAN OPTICAL
- H01S3/00—Lasers, i.e. devices using stimulated emission of electromagnetic radiation in the infrared, visible or ultraviolet wave range
- H01S3/10—Controlling the intensity, frequency, phase, polarisation or direction of the emitted radiation, e.g. switching, gating, modulating or demodulating
- H01S3/106—Controlling the intensity, frequency, phase, polarisation or direction of the emitted radiation, e.g. switching, gating, modulating or demodulating by controlling devices placed within the cavity
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01S—DEVICES USING THE PROCESS OF LIGHT AMPLIFICATION BY STIMULATED EMISSION OF RADIATION [LASER] TO AMPLIFY OR GENERATE LIGHT; DEVICES USING STIMULATED EMISSION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION IN WAVE RANGES OTHER THAN OPTICAL
- H01S3/00—Lasers, i.e. devices using stimulated emission of electromagnetic radiation in the infrared, visible or ultraviolet wave range
- H01S3/10—Controlling the intensity, frequency, phase, polarisation or direction of the emitted radiation, e.g. switching, gating, modulating or demodulating
- H01S3/106—Controlling the intensity, frequency, phase, polarisation or direction of the emitted radiation, e.g. switching, gating, modulating or demodulating by controlling devices placed within the cavity
- H01S3/1068—Controlling the intensity, frequency, phase, polarisation or direction of the emitted radiation, e.g. switching, gating, modulating or demodulating by controlling devices placed within the cavity using an acousto-optical device
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H01S—DEVICES USING THE PROCESS OF LIGHT AMPLIFICATION BY STIMULATED EMISSION OF RADIATION [LASER] TO AMPLIFY OR GENERATE LIGHT; DEVICES USING STIMULATED EMISSION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION IN WAVE RANGES OTHER THAN OPTICAL
- H01S5/00—Semiconductor lasers
- H01S5/10—Construction or shape of the optical resonator, e.g. extended or external cavity, coupled cavities, bent-guide, varying width, thickness or composition of the active region
- H01S5/14—External cavity lasers
- H01S5/141—External cavity lasers using a wavelength selective device, e.g. a grating or etalon
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/29—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the position or the direction of light beams, i.e. deflection
- G02F1/33—Acousto-optical deflection devices
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H01S—DEVICES USING THE PROCESS OF LIGHT AMPLIFICATION BY STIMULATED EMISSION OF RADIATION [LASER] TO AMPLIFY OR GENERATE LIGHT; DEVICES USING STIMULATED EMISSION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION IN WAVE RANGES OTHER THAN OPTICAL
- H01S3/00—Lasers, i.e. devices using stimulated emission of electromagnetic radiation in the infrared, visible or ultraviolet wave range
- H01S3/05—Construction or shape of optical resonators; Accommodation of active medium therein; Shape of active medium
- H01S3/08—Construction or shape of optical resonators or components thereof
- H01S3/081—Construction or shape of optical resonators or components thereof comprising three or more reflectors
- H01S3/082—Construction or shape of optical resonators or components thereof comprising three or more reflectors defining a plurality of resonators, e.g. for mode selection or suppression
- H01S3/0823—Construction or shape of optical resonators or components thereof comprising three or more reflectors defining a plurality of resonators, e.g. for mode selection or suppression incorporating a dispersive element, e.g. a prism for wavelength selection
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01S—DEVICES USING THE PROCESS OF LIGHT AMPLIFICATION BY STIMULATED EMISSION OF RADIATION [LASER] TO AMPLIFY OR GENERATE LIGHT; DEVICES USING STIMULATED EMISSION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION IN WAVE RANGES OTHER THAN OPTICAL
- H01S3/00—Lasers, i.e. devices using stimulated emission of electromagnetic radiation in the infrared, visible or ultraviolet wave range
- H01S3/10—Controlling the intensity, frequency, phase, polarisation or direction of the emitted radiation, e.g. switching, gating, modulating or demodulating
- H01S3/101—Lasers provided with means to change the location from which, or the direction in which, laser radiation is emitted
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01S—DEVICES USING THE PROCESS OF LIGHT AMPLIFICATION BY STIMULATED EMISSION OF RADIATION [LASER] TO AMPLIFY OR GENERATE LIGHT; DEVICES USING STIMULATED EMISSION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION IN WAVE RANGES OTHER THAN OPTICAL
- H01S3/00—Lasers, i.e. devices using stimulated emission of electromagnetic radiation in the infrared, visible or ultraviolet wave range
- H01S3/10—Controlling the intensity, frequency, phase, polarisation or direction of the emitted radiation, e.g. switching, gating, modulating or demodulating
- H01S3/106—Controlling the intensity, frequency, phase, polarisation or direction of the emitted radiation, e.g. switching, gating, modulating or demodulating by controlling devices placed within the cavity
- H01S3/1062—Controlling the intensity, frequency, phase, polarisation or direction of the emitted radiation, e.g. switching, gating, modulating or demodulating by controlling devices placed within the cavity using a controlled passive interferometer, e.g. a Fabry-Perot etalon
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01S—DEVICES USING THE PROCESS OF LIGHT AMPLIFICATION BY STIMULATED EMISSION OF RADIATION [LASER] TO AMPLIFY OR GENERATE LIGHT; DEVICES USING STIMULATED EMISSION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION IN WAVE RANGES OTHER THAN OPTICAL
- H01S3/00—Lasers, i.e. devices using stimulated emission of electromagnetic radiation in the infrared, visible or ultraviolet wave range
- H01S3/10—Controlling the intensity, frequency, phase, polarisation or direction of the emitted radiation, e.g. switching, gating, modulating or demodulating
- H01S3/106—Controlling the intensity, frequency, phase, polarisation or direction of the emitted radiation, e.g. switching, gating, modulating or demodulating by controlling devices placed within the cavity
- H01S3/1065—Controlling the intensity, frequency, phase, polarisation or direction of the emitted radiation, e.g. switching, gating, modulating or demodulating by controlling devices placed within the cavity using liquid crystals
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Abstract
The invention relates to a tunable laser with double output light beams. The first structure of the laser comprises a first laser cavity reflector, a laser gain medium, an intra-cavity collimating lens, an active optical phase modulator, a tunable acoustic-optic filter, a tunable Fabry-Perot filter, a second laser cavity reflector and a laser device controlling and driving system. A zero-level light beam which enters the tunable acoustic-optic filter after being reflected by the first laser cavity reflector forms the first laser output light beam and a zero-level light beam which enters the tunable acoustic-optic filter after being reflected by the second laser cavity reflector forms the second laser output light beam. According to the second structure of the laser, a Fabry-Perot etalon is added in the first structure, so that the purpose of further compressing the laser output frequency bandwidth is achieved. The tunable laser with the double output light beams has the advantages of being reasonable in design, free of mechanical movable part, stable and reliable in performance, low in cost, small in size, easy to install and produce and the like.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to photoelectric field, especially a kind of tunable laser that has adopted the tunable fabry-perot filter of liquid crystal optical phase modulator and the external cavity type of Acousto-optical Tunable Filters to there is dual output light beam.
Background technology
In external cavity type broadband tunable laser device, conventional tunable technology mainly contains following mode: 1, by accurate stepper motor, drive the rotation of grating to carry out tuning, the problem of its existence is embodied in: the one, for realizing the fine tune of light frequency, very high to the stepping accuracy of stepper motor and repeatability requirement, so manufacturing cost is higher; The 2nd, owing to adopting stepper motor, be difficult for accomplishing miniaturization; The 3rd, the job stability under severe operational environment is poor, and particularly the ability of anti-all kinds of mechanical oscillation is poor, therefore, adopts the tunable laser of this technology to be only suitable for using for laboratory work environment.2, utilize Acousto-optical Tunable Filters to carry out tuning, its advantage is that tuned speed is fast, there is no mechanical displacement means, can accomplish miniaturization, shortcoming is that the filtering bandwidth of Acousto-optical Tunable Filters is wider, makes the tuning precision of laser not high, therefore, the simple tunable laser of this technology that adopts is difficult to accomplish accurate continuously adjustable, is only suitable for for to tuning precision and the not high application of output bandwidth.3, utilize other optically filtering devices in grating or laserresonator, as the transmitted light frequencies such as optical standard tool are carried out tuning with the feature of temperature drift, its advantage is that tuning precision spectral bandwidth high and output light is narrow, shortcoming is that speed is slow, particularly in the situation that requiring tuned light spectral limit wide, this shortcoming is particularly evident, for example: the temperature drift coefficient of optically filtering device is 0.02 nanometer/degree, the spectral range requiring is 20 nanometers, temperature regulating range is 100 degree, and this is to be difficult to realize in actual applications.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is to overcome the deficiencies in the prior art, provide that a kind of tuned speed is fast, precision is high, cost is low, size is little and be easy to produce and have the broadband tunable laser device of dual-beam output.
The present invention solves existing technical problem and takes following technical scheme to realize:
A tunable laser with dual output light beam, comprises collimating lens, active optical phase modulator, Acousto-optical Tunable Filters, tunable fabry-perot filter, the second laser cavity speculum and laser control and drive system in the first laser cavity speculum of installing successively, gain medium, chamber; Described tunable fabry-perot filter comprises the first speculum, liquid crystal optical phase modulator and the second speculum installing successively, and by described the first speculum and the second speculum mechanics Fabry-Perot-type cavity; The light beam that described gain medium sends is through inciding described Acousto-optical Tunable Filters with Bragg angle after collimating lens collimation in described chamber, the first-order diffraction light producing enters described tunable fabry-perot filter, described the second laser cavity speculum is set after described tunable fabry-perot filter, the optical axis coincidence of the optical axis of described the second laser cavity speculum and described first-order diffraction light; By described the first laser cavity speculum and described the second laser cavity speculum, form laserresonator; By the zero order beam that enters described Acousto-optical Tunable Filters generation after described the first laser cavity speculum reflection, form the first laser output beam, by the zero order beam that enters described Acousto-optical Tunable Filters generation after described the second laser cavity speculum reflection, form the second laser output beam.
A tunable laser with dual output light beam, comprises collimating lens, active optical phase modulator, Acousto-optical Tunable Filters, tunable fabry-perot filter, Fabry-Perot etalon, the second laser cavity speculum and laser control and drive system in the first laser cavity speculum of installing successively, gain medium, chamber; Described tunable fabry-perot filter comprises the first speculum, liquid crystal optical phase modulator and the second speculum installing successively, and by described the first speculum and described the second speculum mechanics Fabry-Perot-type cavity; The light beam being sent by described gain medium is through inciding described Acousto-optical Tunable Filters with Bragg angle after collimating lens collimation in described chamber, the first-order diffraction light producing enters described tunable fabry-perot filter, described Fabry-Perot etalon and the second laser cavity speculum are set after described tunable fabry-perot filter, the optical axis coincidence of the optical axis of described the second laser cavity speculum and described first-order diffraction light; By described the first laser cavity speculum and described the second laser cavity speculum, form laserresonator; By the zero order beam that enters described Acousto-optical Tunable Filters generation after described the first laser cavity speculum reflection, form the first laser output beam, by the zero order beam that enters described Acousto-optical Tunable Filters generation after described the second laser cavity speculum reflection, form the second laser output beam.
And the tuning range of the crest frequency of the transmitted light of described tunable fabry-perot filter is more than or equal to its intrinsic Free Spectral Range.
And described the first laser cavity speculum and described the second laser cavity speculum are one of following several speculums: level crossing, concave mirror and convex mirror, have the reflectivity of part or 100% and have identical spectral region with described gain medium.
And described gain medium is a kind of broad band laser gain media.
And described active optical phase modulator can be one of following several types: certain combination of electro-optic phase modulator, acousto-optic phase-modulator, magneto-optic phase-modulator or above-mentioned several phase-modulators.
And described Acousto-optical Tunable Filters comprises an acousto-optic crystal and is arranged on an electroacoustic transducer on described acousto-optic crystal.
And, on the logical light face of outer surface of the first speculum of described tunable fabry-perot filter, anti-reflection film is set, on the logical light face of inner surface of the first described speculum, high-reflecting film is set, the logical light face of inner surface of the second speculum of described tunable fabry-perot filter arranges high-reflecting film, on the logical light face of outer surface of described the second speculum, anti-reflection film is set; High-reflecting film on the logical light face of inner surface of described the second speculum has identical reflectivity with the high-reflecting film on the logical light face of inner surface of described the first speculum.
And, described liquid crystal optical phase modulator comprises a kind of nematic phase type liquid crystal material, thickness is several microns to tens microns, under the driving of extra electric field, the linearly polarized light of a direction is produced to certain light phase and postpones, and have the spectral region identical with gain medium.
And described laser control and drive system comprise: the drive source of a central control system, a laser pumping source, an active optical phase modulator drive source, a radio-frequency signal source, a tunable fabry-perot filter; By described central control system, realize respectively the control of described gain medium, described active optical phase modulator, described Acousto-optical Tunable Filters and described tunable fabry-perot filter and drive function, and realizing the tuber function of light frequency.
Advantage of the present invention and good effect are:
1, this Optical Maser System utilizes liquid crystal to the phase-modulation of light with in the feature of optical direction size thin (approximately several microns to tens microns), technology in conjunction with traditional Fabry-Perot (Fabry-Perot) etalon, designed tunable fabry-perot (Fabry-Perot) filter, and in conjunction with Acousto-optical Tunable Filters, not only reduced the narrow filtering bandwidth of Acousto-optical Tunable Filters to requiring, and the fast precise of realizing the laser frequency in broad spectrum is tuning, has guaranteed large tuned light spectral limit and narrow laser output spectrum.
2, this laser utilizes two Zero-order diffractive light beams that Acousto-optical Tunable Filters produces in laser cavity as two output beams of laser, in the situation that not increasing in laser chamber parts and need to not inserting light-splitting device on output light path, can realize tuning to two of laser output beams simultaneously, two bundle Laser outputs can independently be used, and also can use simultaneously.Because the difference of the light frequency between two output beams just in time equals the modulating frequency of Acousto-optical Tunable Filters, can be applicable to resemble in the fields such as accurate laser measurement, there is the unexistent outstanding advantages of single output beam laser.
4, the present invention is reasonable in design, can realize the stabilized lasers output that in broad spectrum light frequency tuning precision is less than 1GHz and narrow spectral bandwidth, there is machinery-free moving-member, stable and reliable for performance, cost is low, size is little, be easy to install and the feature such as production, can meet for the reliability service requiring under the little and extreme operational environment of size, can be widely used in the fields such as optical measurement, optical-fibre communications, biology, medicine equipment and Fibre Optical Sensor network.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 has provided a kind of common Acousto-optical Tunable Filters schematic diagram;
Fig. 2 has provided the wave vector graph of a relation of diffraction incident beam, acoustic wavefield and a diffracted beam in acousto-optic crystal;
Fig. 3 has provided the schematic diagram of a kind of common law Fabry-Perot-type (Fabry-Perot) light standard tool;
Fig. 4 has provided the schematic diagram of a liquid crystal optical phase modulator;
Fig. 5 has provided that liquid crystal optical phase modulator light phase under External Electrical Field postpones and the relation curve schematic diagram of electric field;
Fig. 6 has provided a kind of schematic diagram of the tunable fabry-perot filter that comprises a liquid crystal optical phase modulator;
Fig. 7 has provided the difraction spectrum schematic diagram of Acousto-optical Tunable Filters;
Fig. 8 has provided the transmitted spectrum schematic diagram of common law Fabry-Perot-type (Fabry-Perot) light standard tool;
Fig. 9 has provided the transmitted spectrum schematic diagram of tunable fabry-perot filter;
Figure 10 has provided the first structural representation of the present invention;
Figure 11 has provided the second structural representation of the present invention;
Figure 12 has provided the output spectrum schematic diagram of the first structure laser of the present invention;
Figure 13 has provided the output spectrum schematic diagram of the second structure laser of the present invention.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, the embodiment of the present invention is further described.
acousto-optical Tunable Filters
Fig. 1 is a kind of structural representation of existing Acousto-optical Tunable Filters, and this Acousto-optical Tunable Filters 100 comprises a transducer 20 and an acousto-optic crystal 30; By radio-frequency signal source 10, be connected to transducer 20; Incident beam 2 incides in acousto-optic crystal 30 with Bragg angle θ B, produces Zero-order diffractive light beam 3 and first-order diffraction light beam 4.
The operation principle of acousto-optic filter is the phenomenon based on a kind of Bragg diffraction.Bragg diffraction has related to the interaction process of photon (quantum of luminous energy) and phonon (quantum of acoustic energy).In the process of this mutual effect, energy and momentum is all conservation.The conservation of momentum requires κ
d=κ
i+ κ
s, κ wherein
dthe momentum of diffraction photon, κ
ithe momentum of incident photon, κ
sbe the momentum of the phonon of mutual effect, this has just provided the most basic wave vector equation of Bragg diffraction.It has shown that the wave vector of diffraction light is the vector of incident light wave vector and sound wave wave vector, as shown in Figure 3.The conservation of energy requires ω
r=ω+Ω, wherein ω
rbe the angular frequency of diffraction light, ω is the angular frequency of incident light, and Ω is the angular frequency of sound wave.This angular frequency that shows diffraction photon is slightly changed by the angular frequency of sound wave, and the frequency of light has produced Doppler frequency shift.
According to formula above, ω
r=ω+Ω, the size of formula table Mingguang City ripple frequency shift (FS) equals sound wave frequency, because a lot of orders of magnitude of light frequency and sound wave frequency phase-difference, thereby the side-play amount producing is very little.
Fig. 2 has shown incident light (κ
i), diffraction light (κ
d) and sound wave (κ
s) wave vector relation.Light 2(κ
2), light 4(κ
4) and sound wave 40(κ
s) relation be: κ
2+ κ
s=κ
4.Sound wave κ
snot only make the upwards skew of diffraction direction of light, the angular frequency of light has also upwards been offset Ω=v
s| κ
s|, v wherein
sit is sound wave propagation velocity.
Acousto-optic tunable filter (AOTF) is the logical optical filter of a kind of band solid-state, that can adopt electric tuning.Compare with traditional technology, AOTF provides continuously, regulating power and narrow spectral bandwidth fast.Acousto-optic filter has two types: conllinear type and non-colinear type.Non-colinear type and the non-paraxial filter ratio wherein with firing frequency frequency are easier to realize narrow-band filtering, Fig. 7 has provided the difraction spectrum schematic diagram of acousto-optic tunable filter, Δ ν c is the half width of difraction spectrum, and to be here defined as the frequency of peak value of diffraction light and diffraction light be zero to Δ ν c or approach the difference of zero frequency.For diffraction light frequency spectrum, it is asymmetrical situation, the Δ ν c of diffraction light frequency spectrum both sides is different, gets the value of the larger side of half width of difraction spectrum, usually, depend on different types and the factors such as length of acousto-optic interaction, the scope of Δ ν c can be accomplished from being less than 1 nanometer to tens nanometers.
In some concrete enforcements, for example, while needing arrowband to regulate, the acousto-optic crystal of employing is anisotropy and has birefringent characteristic.Wherein a kind of material is tellurium dioxide (TeO
2), while operating in shear mode due to it, there is high optical homogeneity, low light absorption degree and resistance to high luminous power ability, be widely used in this class application.Other materials are lithium niobate (LiNbO for example
3), gallium phosphide (GaP) and lead molybdate (PbMoO
4) also in being usually used in various acousto-optical devices.Impact selects individually defined thing qualitative factor to have a lot, only list several below, as: type and demand that whether the type of acousto-optical device, high quality crystal easily obtain and apply, such as the decentralization of diffraction efficiency power loss, incident light and diffraction light and the size of integral device etc.
fabry-Perot (Fabry-Perot) light standard tool
Fig. 3 has provided the schematic diagram of a kind of common Fabry-Perot (Fabry-Perot) light standard tool.The material of this Fabry-Perot light standard tool 44 generally adopts to resemble at near-infrared and visible light wave range and melts quartz or the such optical glass of BK7, the refractive index of supposing material is n, two logical light faces 42 and 43 all plate highly reflecting films, suppose that reflectivity is R, thickness is h, light to be to approach the incidence angle incident of zero degree, the Free Spectral Range FSR of light standard tool 44
1can be expressed as: Δ λ=λ
2/ (2nh), or with frequency representation:
?Δ ν=c/ (2nh), wherein c is the light velocity.The crest frequency of transmitted light can be expressed as: ν=mc/ (2nh), and wherein m is order of interference, the spectral bandwidth of transmitted light can be expressed as: Δ ν e
1(FWHM)=c (1-R)/(2 π nhR
1/2), wherein c is the light velocity.
From above-mentioned two formula, can find out the Free Spectral Range FSR of light standard tool 44
1with thickness be that h is inversely proportional to.The refractive index of supposing material is n=1.5, realize FSR
1=100GHz, 1 millimeter of thickness h ≈.FSR
1require greatlyr, thickness is just less.After the material of etalon and thickness are determined, the spectral bandwidth of transmitted light is main relevant with reflectivity R, and reflectivity is higher, and (finesse) is less for spectral bandwidth or acutance.The feature of the transmitted spectrum of Fabry-Perot (Fabry-Perot) light standard tool is that the bandwidth of each transmission spectrum is very narrow, and the frequency interval of output spectrum equates and the non-constant width of optical frequency bandwidth, as shown in Figure 8.
Generally, the laser of using for optical-fibre communications, requires to have very narrow output spectrum bandwidth, also correspondingly requires to adopt the etalon of high sharpness coefficient.
liquid crystal optical phase modulator
The general liquid crystal material as photoelectric device has high resistivity.Therefore, can be considered to desirable dielectric substance.Owing to forming the orderly orientation of molecule and the form of extension elongation, liquid crystal has anisotropic dielectric characteristic and mono-symmetry, and as a uniaxial crystal, the direction of its optical axis is consistent with the oriented of molecule.Under the effect of liquid crystal molecule at external electrical field, can form electric dipole.Under the formed moment loading of electric dipole, make the orientation of liquid crystal molecule turn to the direction of electric field, can, by changing the power of electric field, change the direction of the optical axis of liquid crystal, thereby change the phase place to the linearly polarized light of a certain specific direction incident.Therefore, can utilize this characteristic of liquid crystal, make optical phase modulator, tunable optic filter, or other photoelectric devices, as optical switch and light intensity modulator etc.Fig. 4 has provided a kind of schematic diagram of liquid crystal optical phase modulator 24.Liquid crystal optical phase modulator 24 comprises transparent sheet of material 60, liquid crystal 23, the transparent sheet of material 64 installing successively, plated electrode and separator on the inner surface 62 of transparent sheet of material 60, plated electrode and separator on the inner surface 66 of transparent sheet of material 64, drive source 22 is connected on two electrodes.The thickness of the general liquid crystal as phase modulator is about several microns to tens microns.Fig. 5 shows be a liquid crystal optical phase modulator 24 under the driving of 10KHz square-wave voltage, the relation that the phase of light wave that is 1550 nanometers to optical wavelength changes, the light phase that maximum can realize approximately 2 π postpones.
tunable fabry-perot filter
Fig. 6 is a kind of tunable fabry-perot filter 200 that adopts liquid crystal optical phase modulator 24 and design.Tunable fabry-perot filter 200 comprises speculum 16 and 26 and be placed on the liquid crystal optical phase modulator 24 between speculum 16 and 26, on the outer surface 18 and 29 of speculum 16 and 26, plate anti-reflection film, on inner surface 21 and 28, plate reflectivity and be the height reflection multilayer dielectric membranous layer of R, and by this two highly reflecting films layer forming method Fabry-Perot-type (Fabry-Perot) chamber.Due to the thickness very little (approximately several to tens microns) of liquid crystal, therefore, can make (when without extra electric field, the Free Spectral Range of tunable fabry-perot filter 200) fabry-perot filter that intrinsic Free Spectral Range is larger.Utilize the effective refractive index of extra electric field change Fabry-Perot (Fabry-Perot) intraluminal fluid crystalline substance, regulate light frequency ν and the Free Spectral Range (FSR) of the transmitted light of fabry-perot filter.
As shown in Figure 6, the light beam 15 that incides tunable fabry-perot filter 200 is a branch ofly along z direction, to propagate, polarization axle is the linearly polarized light of x direction, the length of subjunctive Fabry-Perot-type cavity is D, in chamber, the refractive index of material is n, and the spectral bandwidth of the Free Spectral Range FSR2 of filter 200, transmitted light frequency and transmitted light can be expressed as:
Δ λ=λ
2/ (2nD+ Γ), or with frequency representation: Δ ν=c/ (2nD+ Γ), wherein c is the light velocity, the additional optical distance that Γ representative is produced incident light under DC Electric Field by liquid crystal optical phase modulator 24; The crest frequency of transmitted light can be expressed as: ν=mc/ (2nD+ Γ), and wherein m is order of interference; The spectral bandwidth of transmitted light (FWHM) can be expressed as: Δ ν t=c (1-R)/((2 π nD+ π Γ) R
1/2), wherein c is the light velocity.Fig. 9 has provided the transmitted spectrum schematic diagram of tunable fabry-perot filter 200.
According to above-mentioned formula with experiment showed, that tunable fabry-perot filter 200 can realize the tuning range of the transmitted light frequency that is greater than intrinsic Free Spectral Range FSR2 for the linearly polarized light that approaches zero degree incident, precision can reach and be less than 1GHz.Comparatively speaking, change to the frequency band broadband Δ ν t of Free Spectral Range FSR2 and transmitted light is much smaller, therefore, tunable fabry-perot filter 200 is under the effect of extra electric field, the tuning range of the transmitted light crest frequency that can realize is greater than its intrinsic Free Spectral Range, and does not substantially change spectral bandwidth and the Free Spectral Range of transmitted light.This characteristic is for significant by tunable fabry-perot filter 200 application in the present invention.
Generally, the formation of liquid crystal optical phase modulator 24 is that liquid crystal material is placed in the chamber of two transparent optical materials formations, therefore, described two transparent optical materials 60 and 64 thickness directly affect the length D of the Fabry-Perot-type cavity of tunable fabry-perot filter 200, also just affect achieved Free Spectral Range, Free Spectral Range is larger, requires the length of Fabry-Perot-type cavity shorter, also just requires the thickness of two transparent optical materials 60 and 64 less.The thickness of supposing above-mentioned two transparent optical materials is 0.5 millimeter, and refractive index is 1.5, and the thickness of liquid crystal is 10 microns, and the maximum intrinsic Free Spectral Range that tunable fabry-perot filter 200 can be realized is about 100GHz.Realize larger Free Spectral Range, need to reduce the thickness of above-mentioned two transparent optical materials 60 and 64, this has brought difficulty for making liquid crystal optical phase modulator 24.In order to overcome this, make difficulty, a method is the inner surface plating highly reflecting films in wherein a slice of two transparent optical materials 60 and 64, by the highly reflecting films of these highly reflecting films and speculum 16 or 26, formed the Fabry-Perot-type cavity of tunable fabry-perot filter 200, can greatly shorten the length of Fabry-Perot-type cavity like this, increase Free Spectral Range.For example: the inner surface of transparent optical material 60 can first arrange the high-reflecting film layer that reflectivity is R, electrode and separator etc. are set again, the high-reflecting film mechanics Fabry-Perot-type cavity on this high-reflecting film layer and speculum 26, thereby, not only speculum 16 can be saved, and the length of Fabry-Perot-type cavity can be greatly shortened.Same method, also can one deck high-reflecting film be respectively set at the inner surface of transparent optical material 64 and 60, make its forming method Fabry-Perot-type cavity, can save like this two speculums 16 and 26, because the thickness of liquid crystal layer is very thin, this structure can realize the tunable fabry-perot filter of very large Free Spectral Range, but makes in this way, and actual fabrication difficulty is very large.
In addition, when making tunable fabry-perot filter 200, owing to liquid crystal optical phase modulator 24 need to being placed in the Fabry-Perot-type cavity consisting of speculum 16 and 26, for making tunable fabry-perot filter 200, bring certain difficulty, particularly require the situation of high sharpness coefficient, due to the beam intensity ratio that sees through speculum 16 and 26 a little less than, make such filter difficulty larger.Therefore, reduce the acutance coefficient of tunable fabry-perot filter 200, can reduce its manufacture difficulty.
Below structure and the operation principle with the tunable laser of dual output light beam of the present invention is elaborated.
Figure 10 has provided a kind of tunable laser with dual output light beam, this tunable laser 300 has been used Acousto-optical Tunable Filters 100 and tunable fabry-perot filter 200, its concrete structure is: comprise the first laser cavity speculum 45, if (gain medium is semi-conducting material, this speculum can be formed by the reflectance coating being directly plated on gain medium 46), gain medium 46, in chamber, collimating lens 48, active optical phase modulator 8, Acousto-optical Tunable Filters 100, tunable fabry-perot filter 200 and the second laser cavity speculum 50, wherein, the first laser cavity speculum 45 and the second laser cavity speculum 50 have formed laserresonator.Tunable fabry-perot filter 200 is arranged on the optical axis direction of first-order diffraction light beam of Acousto-optical Tunable Filters 100, the second laser cavity speculum is arranged on after tunable fabry-perot filter, and its optical axis is identical with the optical axis direction of the first-order diffraction light beam of tuning acousto-optic filter 100.Tunable laser 300 also comprises a laser control and drive system, and this system comprises: the drive source of a central control system, a laser pumping source, an active optical phase modulator drive source, a radio-frequency signal source, a tunable fabry-perot filter; By described central control system, realize respectively the control of described gain medium, described active optical phase modulator, described Acousto-optical Tunable Filters and described tunable fabry-perot filter and drive function.
Laser cavity speculum is conventionally different to the reflectivity of different wave length or color of light, and the reflectivity of mentioning is here the reflectivity corresponding with the spectral bandwidth of laser operation. Laser cavity speculum 45 and 50 can adopt total reflective mirror according to different situations, or partially reflecting mirror.When if gain medium is semiconductor gain media, owing to generally having the larger output angle of divergence, therefore, in chamber, collimating lens 48 is generally to use while being semiconductor gain media for gain medium.When gain medium is gas, when liquid or some solid dielectric, generally without collimating lens in chamber, but adopt on-plane surface chamber mirror to realize the reasonable layout of chamber inner light beam.
The light that in chamber, collimating lens 48 not only can send gain medium 46 plays collimating effect, is also the collimating lens of Laser Output Beam simultaneously.This class laser for optical-fibre communications, need to be coupled to output beam 4 in optical fiber, and collimating lens 48 is absolutely necessary.
In tunable laser 300, the light beam 2 of the broadband fluorescent light beam 47 of being sent by gain medium 46 after 48 collimations of collimating lens in chamber sees through active optical phase modulator 8, with Bragg angle θ
benter the acousto-optic crystal 30 of Acousto-optical Tunable Filters 100, after its first-order diffraction light 4 sees through tunable fabry-perot filter 200, by the second laser cavity speculum 50, be reflected back in laser cavity, in laser cavity, form laser generation and amplification.In this process, two Zero-order diffractive light beams 3 that produce and 7 two output beams as laser 300, according to analysis above, the light frequency of output beam 7 is different with the light frequency of output beam 3, and its difference equals the sound wave modulating frequency of Acousto-optical Tunable Filters 100.
By changing the rf frequency of radio-frequency signal source 10, can change the diffraction light frequency in laser cavity; By active optical phase modulator 8, regulate the phase place of chamber inner light beam to make the light of some characteristic frequency in laser cavity, produce laser generation and amplification.At tunable fabry-perot filter 200 during without DC Electric Field, at this moment filter 200 is equivalent to a Fabry-Perot etalon, the light frequency of tunable laser 300 outputs is subject to the restriction of the intrinsic transmitted spectrum of filter 200, i.e. the output of tunable laser 300 can only be tuned at one of them transmitted spectrum of the intrinsic transmitted spectrum of tunable fabry-perot filter 200.By conditioning signal source 22, change the extra electric field of tunable fabry-perot filter 200, can the transmitted spectrum of tuned filter 200 and the output spectrum of tuned laser 300.Due to active optical phase modulator 8, Acousto-optical Tunable Filters 100 and tunable fabry-perot filter 200 all have very wide spectral range, and therefore, tunable laser 300 just can realize the accurate continuously adjustable in broad spectrum.
Meanwhile, tunable fabry-perot filter 200 has also determined the spectrum width of laser output light.Adopt the fabry-perot filter of high sharpness coefficient can play the spectral bandwidth of compression output beam and improve side mode suppression ratio.Figure 12 has provided the output spectrum schematic diagram of tunable laser 300, and the bandwidth of output spectrum (FWHM) Δ ν p1 depends on the transmitted spectrum bandwidth deltaf ν t of tunable fabry-perot filter 200, and Δ ν t is less, and Δ ν p1 is just less.
In order to improve the stability of the tunable single mode output of tunable laser 300, should make the Free Spectral Range of tunable fabry-perot filter 200 be greater than bandwidth (FWHM) the Δ ν L of the intrinsic resonance spectrum of tunable laser 300.Δ ν L is defined as the bandwidth (FWHM) of the laser resonance spectrum of tunable laser 300 when there is no tunable fabry-perot filter 200, this laser resonance spectral bandwidth Δ ν L is subject to the restriction of the bandwidth deltaf ν c of Acousto-optical Tunable Filters 100 difraction spectrums, Δ ν c is less, and Δ ν L is also less.Because tunable fabry-perot filter 200 is in tuning process, substantially do not change Free Spectral Range, make in the tuning process of tunable laser 300, can continue to maintain and stablize single mode operation.
Application for tunable laser 300 in optical-fibre communications, in the dwdm system of 100GHz, requiring the output of tunable laser 300 to meet the international communication standard of ITU() light frequency of 100GHz requires (ITU Grid), therefore, also just require the transmitted spectrum of tunable fabry-perot filter 200 to meet International Telecommunication Union (ITU) standard.As analysis above, in such application, the bandwidth deltaf ν L that supposes the intrinsic resonance spectrum of tunable laser 300 is less than or equal to 200GHz, therefore, when if the intrinsic Free Spectral Range of tunable fabry-perot filter 200 is set to 250GHz, just meet the requirement to laser 300 output stabilities above-mentioned, the length D of Fabry-Perot-type cavity approximates 0.4 millimeter, just like what analyze above, this may accomplish.When having DC Electric Field, it is tuning that tunable fabry-perot filter 200 can be realized the precise frequency of frequency spectrum of the transmitted light that is greater than 250GHz, therefore, can realize precision and continuous tuning between two 100GHz ITU grid light frequencies.Generally can accomplish that interval is less than the light frequency fine tune of 1GHz.Equally, for the optical-fibre communications application as 25GHz or 50GHz, tunable laser 300 equally also can meet the demands.At present, in optical-fibre communications, the optical spectrum broadband of conventional C frequency band (approximately 1530 nanometer-1570 nanometer) or L frequency band (approximately 1570 nanometer-1610 nanometer) is about 40 nanometers, and tunable laser 300 can realize the fine tune within the scope of C frequency band and/or L frequency band completely.In application due to the optical-fibre communications at 50GHz or 100GHz DWDM, often only require that the output of tunable laser 300 meets the light frequency requirement of ITU 100GHz, do not need continuous tuning, therefore, can adopt another kind of tunable laser 400 structures to meet this requirement.
Figure 11 has provided the structural representation of a kind of tunable laser 400 of the present invention.
Tunable laser 400 is in tunable laser 300, to have increased a Fabry-Perot etalon 52, the transmitted spectrum of this etalon 52 meets the requirement of optical-fibre communications ITU, thus the output of tunable laser system 400 can only be tuned in the frequency (Grid) of ITU.Figure 13 has provided the output spectrum schematic diagram of the tunable laser system 400 that comprises a Fabry-Perot etalon 52.The acutance coefficient of subjunctive F-P etalon 52 is greater than the acutance coefficient of fabry-perot filter 200, so, the bandwidth deltaf ν p2 of tunable laser system 400 output spectrums depends on the transmitted spectrum bandwidth (being assumed to be Δ ν e2) of Fabry-Perot etalon 52, Δ ν e2 is less, and Δ ν p2 is less.Because Fabry-Perot etalon 52 is more easily accomplished high acutance coefficient than tunable fabry-perot filter 200, therefore, such benefit is: 1. the spectral width that can be easy to compress tunable laser system 400 output light, 2. can reduce the acutance coefficient of tunable fabry-perot filter 200, it is more easily made.
It is emphasized that above-mentioned explanation only plays demonstration and describes, is not an in detail exhaustively explanation, and also intention does not limit the present invention on described concrete form.Through description above, to many changes of the present invention and variation, all may occur.Selected concrete enforcement is only used to better explain the application in principle of the present invention and reality.This explanation can make the people who is familiar with this field can better utilize the present invention, designs according to actual needs different concrete enforcement and changes accordingly.
Claims (18)
1. a tunable laser with dual output light beam, comprises collimating lens, active optical phase modulator, Acousto-optical Tunable Filters, tunable fabry-perot filter, the second laser cavity speculum and laser control and drive system in the first laser cavity speculum of installing successively, gain medium, chamber; Described tunable fabry-perot filter comprises the first speculum, liquid crystal optical phase modulator and the second speculum installing successively, and by described the first speculum and the second speculum mechanics Fabry-Perot-type cavity; The light beam that described gain medium sends is through inciding described Acousto-optical Tunable Filters with Bragg angle after collimating lens collimation in described chamber, the first-order diffraction light producing enters described tunable fabry-perot filter, described the second laser cavity speculum is set after described tunable fabry-perot filter, the optical axis coincidence of the optical axis of described the second laser cavity speculum and described first-order diffraction light; By described the first laser cavity speculum and described the second laser cavity speculum, form laserresonator; By the zero order beam that enters described Acousto-optical Tunable Filters generation after described the first laser cavity speculum reflection, form the first laser output beam, by the zero order beam that enters described Acousto-optical Tunable Filters generation after described the second laser cavity speculum reflection, form the second laser output beam.
2. a kind of tunable laser with dual output light beam according to claim 1, is characterized in that: the tuning range of the crest frequency of the transmitted light of described tunable fabry-perot filter is more than or equal to its intrinsic Free Spectral Range.
3. a kind of tunable laser with dual output light beam according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described the first laser cavity speculum and described the second laser cavity speculum are one of following several speculums: level crossing, concave mirror and convex mirror, have the reflectivity of part or 100% and have identical spectral region with described gain medium.
4. a kind of tunable laser with dual output light beam according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described gain medium is a kind of broad band laser gain media.
5. a kind of tunable laser with dual output light beam according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described active optical phase modulator can be one of following several types: certain combination of electro-optic phase modulator, acousto-optic phase-modulator, magneto-optic phase-modulator or above-mentioned several phase-modulators.
6. a kind of tunable laser with dual output light beam according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described Acousto-optical Tunable Filters comprises an acousto-optic crystal and is arranged on an electroacoustic transducer on described acousto-optic crystal.
7. a kind of tunable laser with dual output light beam according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: on the logical light face of outer surface of the first speculum of described tunable fabry-perot filter, anti-reflection film is set, on the logical light face of inner surface of the first described speculum, high-reflecting film is set, the logical light face of inner surface of the second speculum of described tunable fabry-perot filter arranges high-reflecting film, on the logical light face of outer surface of described the second speculum, anti-reflection film is set; High-reflecting film on the logical light face of inner surface of described the second speculum has identical reflectivity with the high-reflecting film on the logical light face of inner surface of described the first speculum.
8. a kind of tunable laser with dual output light beam according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described liquid crystal optical phase modulator comprises a kind of nematic phase type liquid crystal material, thickness is several microns to tens microns, under the driving of extra electric field, the linearly polarized light of a direction is produced to certain light phase and postpone, and there is the spectral region identical with gain medium.
9. according to a kind of tunable laser with dual output light beam described in claim 1 to 8 any one, it is characterized in that: described laser control and drive system comprise: the drive source of a central control system, a laser pumping source, an active optical phase modulator drive source, a radio-frequency signal source, a tunable fabry-perot filter; By described central control system, realize respectively the control of described gain medium, described active optical phase modulator, described Acousto-optical Tunable Filters and described tunable fabry-perot filter and drive function, and realizing the tuber function of light frequency.
10. a tunable laser with dual output light beam, comprises collimating lens, active optical phase modulator, Acousto-optical Tunable Filters, tunable fabry-perot filter, Fabry-Perot etalon, the second laser cavity speculum and laser control and drive system in the first laser cavity speculum of installing successively, gain medium, chamber; Described tunable fabry-perot filter comprises the first speculum, liquid crystal optical phase modulator and the second speculum installing successively, and by described the first speculum and described the second speculum mechanics Fabry-Perot-type cavity; The light beam being sent by described gain medium is through inciding described Acousto-optical Tunable Filters with Bragg angle after collimating lens collimation in described chamber, the first-order diffraction light producing enters described tunable fabry-perot filter, described Fabry-Perot etalon and the second laser cavity speculum are set after described tunable fabry-perot filter, the optical axis coincidence of the optical axis of described the second laser cavity speculum and described first-order diffraction light; By described the first laser cavity speculum and described the second laser cavity speculum, form laserresonator; By the zero order beam that enters described Acousto-optical Tunable Filters generation after described the first laser cavity speculum reflection, form the first laser output beam, by the zero order beam that enters described Acousto-optical Tunable Filters generation after described the second laser cavity speculum reflection, form the second laser output beam.
11. a kind of tunable laser with dual output light beam according to claim 10, is characterized in that: the tuning range of the crest frequency of the transmitted light of described tunable fabry-perot filter is more than or equal to its intrinsic Free Spectral Range.
12. a kind of tunable laser with dual output light beam according to claim 10, it is characterized in that: described the first laser cavity speculum and described the second laser cavity speculum are one of following several speculums: level crossing, concave mirror and convex mirror, have the reflectivity of part or 100% and have identical spectral region with described gain medium.
13. a kind of tunable laser with dual output light beam according to claim 10, is characterized in that: described gain medium is a kind of broad band laser gain media.
14. a kind of tunable laser with dual output light beam according to claim 10, is characterized in that: described active optical phase modulator can be one of following several types: certain combination of electro-optic phase modulator, acousto-optic phase-modulator, magneto-optic phase-modulator or above-mentioned several phase-modulators.
15. a kind of tunable laser with dual output light beam according to claim 10, is characterized in that: described Acousto-optical Tunable Filters comprises an acousto-optic crystal and is arranged on an electroacoustic transducer on described acousto-optic crystal.
16. a kind of tunable laser with dual output light beam according to claim 10, it is characterized in that: on the logical light face of outer surface of the first speculum of described tunable fabry-perot filter, anti-reflection film is set, on the logical light face of inner surface of the first described speculum, high-reflecting film is set, the logical light face of inner surface of the second speculum of described tunable fabry-perot filter arranges high-reflecting film, on the logical light face of outer surface of described the second speculum, anti-reflection film is set; High-reflecting film on the logical light face of inner surface of described the second speculum has identical reflectivity with the high-reflecting film on the logical light face of inner surface of described the first speculum.
17. a kind of tunable laser with dual output light beam according to claim 10, it is characterized in that: described liquid crystal optical phase modulator comprises a kind of nematic phase type liquid crystal material, thickness is several microns to tens microns, under the driving of extra electric field, the linearly polarized light of a direction is produced to certain light phase and postpone, and there is the spectral region identical with gain medium.
18. according to claim 10 to a kind of tunable laser with dual output light beam described in 17 any one, it is characterized in that: described laser control and drive system comprise: the drive source of a central control system, a laser pumping source, an active optical phase modulator drive source, a radio-frequency signal source, a tunable fabry-perot filter; By described central control system, realize respectively the control of described gain medium, described active optical phase modulator, described Acousto-optical Tunable Filters and described tunable fabry-perot filter and drive function, and realizing the tuber function of light frequency.
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| US10418775B2 (en) | 2019-09-17 |
| CN103762487B (en) | 2016-05-25 |
| US20160118763A1 (en) | 2016-04-28 |
| WO2015101048A1 (en) | 2015-07-09 |
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