CN103868870A - Blood composition analysis system and method combining absorption spectrum with reflection spectrum - Google Patents
Blood composition analysis system and method combining absorption spectrum with reflection spectrum Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to a blood composition analysis system and method combining an absorption spectrum with a reflection spectrum. The system comprises a broadband light source, a light beam scanning device, a detected sample, an absorption spectrum information acquisition device, a reflection spectrum information acquisition device, a computer and a display system. The blood composition analysis system and method combine the advantages of a transmitted spectrum and the reflection spectrum and can effectively exclude the interferences caused by factors including measurement conditions, environmental factors, human physiological differences and the like; the problem that spectral information with a single wavelength is lost is solved and measurement errors caused by that spectrums of all blood compositions are overlapped can also be reduced; meanwhile, more abundant information is also provided for analyzing the blood compositions, and the accuracy and the creditability of an analytic algorithm result are improved.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of multispectral detection technique of measuring blood constituent, blood component analyzing system and the analytical approach thereof of especially a kind of combination absorption spectrum and reflectance spectrum.
Background technology
The detection of blood constituent has great importance for the diagnosis and treatment of disease, especially non-invasive diagnosis, and its medical treatment is particularly evident with social value.Due to very faint from the signal of the each composition of the external blood recording fluctuation, therefore, the more detection system of high s/n ratio sensitiveer without wound blood component analyzing needs.Also just because of without wound detect exist various environmental factors disturb and individuality between difference, the measuring error of the various methods without wound blood component analyzings is too large and cannot analyze accurately.Although therefore there is huge economic worth and medical meaning without wound blood component analyzing, never product and the detection method of moulding.
What studying at present is optical detecting method without wound detection main stream approach, comprises spectroscopic methodology, optical reflectance measurements technology, detection technique of fluorescence etc.Wherein spectroscopic methodology, due to features such as it is quick, high precision, low costs, has become one of study hotspot of biomedical engineering field.Utilize blood oxygen, blood sugar, fat, albumen and other compositions in spectrographic determination blood to obtain certain achievement in research.
At present, domestic and international existing spectroscopic analysis methods mainly can be classified as two classes: i.e. transmitted spectrum and reflectance spectrum.Reflection spectrometry ultimate principle is to utilize infrared spectrometer to gather diffusing of human body skin surface or lingual surface, utilize light-dividing device or spectrometer measurement and spectrum.Transmitted spectrum is to detect the light intensity that sees through sample to be tested, analyzes absorbed spectral component, thereby blood constituent is carried out to qualitative examination.
American scientist Jobsis on Science reported first utilize near-infrared spectrum technique to carry out the experiment containing change of variable of oxyhemoglobin, reduced hemoglobin and cytochrome c in adult cat brain, experimental result shows near infrared light lower attenuation rate and the feasibility by near infrared spectroscopy non-invasive monitoring tissue oxygenation concentration in biological tissue.
Nineteen thirty-seven Hertzman has just recorded the blood flow volume pulsation wave of human finger with photoelectric method, the method is called PPG.1974, Mendelson measured the oxygen content of blood based on PPG method, was widely used blood oxygen measuring method clinically at present.Yamakoshi etc. utilize 150W Halogen lamp LED and liquid nitrogen refrigerating InGaAs detector array to measure the transmitted spectrum that refers to blood.Within 1999, Burmester group is at the first frequency multiplication 6500-5500cm
-1in region, adopt transmission mode to carry out near-infrared spectral measurement to human body tongue.The people such as Samann in 2000 utilize diabetic's skin diffuse reflectance near infrared spectrum to carry out long-term tracking to patient and detect.2002, Heise group adopted oral cavity wall vein as sample, utilizes diffuse reflection mode to measure.The minimum SEP of prediction blood-sugar content is 2.1mmol/L.Maruo, Chen Wenliang, Zhang Hongyan etc. utilize near-infrared diffuse reflection spectrum method to carry out dynamic monitoring to human body OGTT experimentation per capita.
The people such as Li Gang have proposed the method for dynamic spectrum, utilize super continuum light spectrum, and the value of measuring that each wavelength absorbs in single pulse wave cycle, carries out after difference calculating its spectral characteristic again, have suppressed from principle the interference that individual difference and measuring condition are introduced.The people such as Sun Meixiu have proposed the blood of human body composition non-invasive monitoring method based on time gate, analyze to measure human blood glucose concentration in conjunction with transmitted spectrum measuring method and Laplce.
In sum, although the research group of countries in the world and scientific & technical corporation have dropped into a large amount of research energy and funds, develop multiple instrument, delivered a large amount of papers and patent, never in clinical practice, have substantial breakthrough.
On clinical meaning, still there are some technical barriers without wound nearby bleeding liquid composition detection.First, the variation of measuring condition also has significant impact to testing result, for example, while measuring same sample, the uptake of infrared light probably changes along with the difference such as Cuticular Structure, skin and hair of angle, position and the Different Individual of twice measurement, thereby the concentration that affects blood constituent detects.Secondly, different physiology contextual factors, as the humidity of skin, temperature, different ethnic group or species etc., also can disturb the measurement result of near infrared spectrum.
Although there is research group to propose the dynamic spectrometry method based on wideband light source, maximal value and minimum value under certain single wavelength of spectral limit interscan, carry out can eliminating to a certain extent the error that measuring condition and individual difference cause after difference, but because blood constituent is very complicated, between the infrared absorption spectrum of each composition, may there is phase mutual interference and overlapping, thereby affect blood constituent testing result.
Summary of the invention
Present invention is directed in prior art that the anti-interference of spectrographic method is poor, analysis result deviation is large, lack specific shortcoming, blood component analyzing system and the analytical approach thereof of a kind of combination absorption spectrum and reflectance spectrum are proposed, to reach blood component analyzing more accurately, better get rid of the interference that measuring condition, environment and individual difference are brought.
For realizing the technical scheme that object of the present invention adopts be: the blood component analyzing system of a kind of combination absorption spectrum and reflectance spectrum, is characterized in that: comprise wideband light source, light-beam scanner, tested sample, absorption spectrum information collecting device, reflectance spectrum information collecting device and computing machine and display system; The light that described wideband light source sends is exposed to the surface of tested sample and transmission and refraction is occurred by described light-beam scanner; Transmitted light and refract light transfer to respectively described absorption spectrum information collecting device and reflectance spectrum information collecting device; The spectroscopic data of described absorption spectrum information collecting device and reflectance spectrum information collecting device transfers to described computing machine and display system.
As the preferred technical scheme of one, described absorption spectrum information collecting device is absorption spectrometer, and described reflectance spectrum information collecting device is reflecting spectrograph.The spectrometer that conventional spectrometer is ready-made detects, and result is accurately credible, and device is built simply, but cost is high, and system bulk is large.
Another kind of preferred technical scheme, described absorption spectrum information collecting device is for absorbing photodetector, and the front end of described absorption photodetector adds and absorbs light field mirror; Described reflectance spectrum information collecting device is reflected light electric explorer, and the front end of described reflected light electric explorer adds reflected light field lens; The spectroscopic data of described absorption photodetector and reflected light electric explorer transfers to data processing unit, and described data processing unit is connected to computing machine and display system.
Further, the front end of above-mentioned light-beam scanner is provided with light-dividing device.
The effect of above-mentioned data processing unit is to convert the current signal of photodetector output to the laggard row digitizing of voltage signal (A/D sampling), then sends into computing machine and display system.
A blood component analyzing method for combination absorption spectrum and reflectance spectrum, is characterized in that, according to following operation: the broad band light beam that wideband light source sends is irradiated to the surface of tested sample and transmission and refraction occur through light-beam scanner; After a part of light transmission tested sample wherein, send into absorption spectrum information collecting device, after a part of anaclasis, send into reflectance spectrum information collecting device in addition, absorption spectrum information collecting device and reflectance spectrum information collecting device transfer to spectroscopic data respectively described computing machine and display system.
As the preferred technical scheme of one, described absorption spectrum information collecting device is absorption spectrometer, and described reflectance spectrum information collecting device is reflecting spectrograph; The broad band light beam that described wideband light source sends is irradiated to the surface of tested sample through light-beam scanner; After after a part of light transmission tested sample wherein, send in absorption spectrometer and carry out spectral analysis, obtain the wide band absorption spectrum of tested sample; There is diffuse reflection and reflection on the surface of tested sample in another part light, this part light is sent in reflecting spectrograph and carried out spectral analysis, obtains the broadband reflection spectrum of tested sample; The data of absorption spectrometer and reflecting spectrograph are sent to computing machine and display system is carried out follow-up algorithm process and demonstration,, by analyze the mode of absorption spectrum and reflectance spectrum simultaneously, reach blood component analyzing more accurately.
Another kind of preferred technical scheme, described absorption spectrum information collecting device is for absorbing photodetector, and the front end of described absorption photodetector adds and absorbs light field mirror; Described reflectance spectrum information collecting device is reflected light electric explorer, and the front end of described reflected light electric explorer adds reflected light field lens; The spectroscopic data of described absorption photodetector and reflected light electric explorer transfers to data processing unit, and described data processing unit is connected to computing machine and display system; The front end of described light-beam scanner is provided with light-dividing device; Described wideband light source is undertaken broad band light beam after light splitting, to be irradiated to the surface of tested sample by light-beam scanner by light-dividing device; Then collect respectively transmitted light and reflected light by absorption light field mirror, reflected light field lens, utilize absorption photodetector and reflected light electric explorer to detect respectively optical signal transmissive and reflected light signal, photodetector data measured is reached to computing machine synchronously to data processing unit and display system calculates transmitted spectrum and reflectance spectrum.
Wherein, described wideband light source is super continuum source, the telescopic system or the beam expanding lens that during light path shaping, form for lens.
Wherein, described light-dividing device can be prism, grating or acousto-optic modulator (AOM).
Wherein, described light-beam scanner is that galvanometer, optical fiber or scanning reflection mirror combine with field lens.
Analytical algorithm without wound blood constituent involved in the present invention is as follows: first the spectral signal of spectrometer or photodetector gained is normalized, then utilize principal component analysis (PCA) (principle component analysis, PCA), study vector quantization (LVQ, Learning Vector Quantization, LVQ), artificial neural network algorithm (artificial neural network, ANN), partial least squares regression (particle least squares calibration analysis, and Support Vector Machine (support vector machines PLSR), SVM) method such as signal analysis is set up mathematical model, analyze transmission and the reflectance spectrum of coupling different measuring sample simultaneously.
Than blood constituent detection method of the prior art, beneficial effect of the present invention: the advantage that combines transmitted spectrum and reflectance spectrum, can effectively get rid of the interference that the factors such as measuring condition, environmental factor and Human Physiology difference are introduced, not only solve the problem of the spectral information loss of single wavelength, but also can reduce the overlapping measuring error causing of spectrum because of various blood constituents, also can be blood component analyzing simultaneously abundanter information is provided, improve accuracy and the confidence level of analytical algorithm result.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Figure 1 shows that the structured flowchart of analytic system of the present invention;
Figure 2 shows that the structured flowchart of embodiment 1;
Figure 3 shows that the structured flowchart of embodiment 2;
In figure,
1: wideband light source
2: light-beam scanner
3: tested sample
4: absorption spectrum information collecting device
41: absorption spectrometer
42: absorb light field mirror
43: absorb photodetector
5: reflectance spectrum information collecting device
51: reflecting spectrograph
52: reflected light field lens
53: reflected light electric explorer
6: computing machine and display device
7: light-dividing device
8: data processing unit
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with specific embodiment, the present invention is described in further detail.Should be appreciated that specific embodiment described herein, only in order to explain the present invention, is not intended to limit the present invention.
Embodiment:
The blood component analyzing system that is illustrated in figure 1 a kind of combination absorption spectrum and reflectance spectrum, is characterized in that: comprise wideband light source 1, light-beam scanner 2, tested sample 3, absorption spectrum information collecting device 4, reflectance spectrum information collecting device 5 and computing machine and display system 6; The light that described wideband light source 1 sends is exposed to the surface of tested sample 3 and transmission and refraction is occurred by described light-beam scanner 2; Transmitted light and refract light transfer to respectively described absorption spectrum information collecting device 4 and reflectance spectrum information collecting device 5; The spectroscopic data of described absorption spectrum information collecting device 4 and reflectance spectrum information collecting device 5 transfers to described computing machine and display system 6.
The analytical approach of said system, according to following operation: the broad band light beam that wideband light source 1 sends is irradiated to the surface of tested sample 3 and transmission and refraction occur through light-beam scanner 2; After a part of light transmission tested sample 3 wherein, send into absorption spectrum information collecting device 4, after a part of anaclasis, send into reflectance spectrum information collecting device 5 in addition, absorption spectrum information collecting device 4 and reflectance spectrum information collecting device 5 transfer to spectroscopic data respectively described computing machine and display system 6.
Concrete, the invention provides two embodiment.
Embodiment 1:
As shown in Figure 2, preferably, the blood component analyzing system of above-mentioned a kind of combination absorption spectrum and reflectance spectrum, has one to be characterised in that: described absorption spectrum information collecting device 4 is absorption spectrometer 41, and described reflectance spectrum information collecting device 5 is reflecting spectrograph 51.The spectrometer that conventional spectrometer is ready-made detects, and result is accurately credible, and device is built simply, but cost is high, and system bulk is large.
Its analytical approach is: the broad band light beam that described wideband light source 1 sends is irradiated to the surface of tested sample 3 through light-beam scanner 2; Rear the sending in absorption spectrometer 41 of a part of light transmission tested sample 3 wherein carried out spectral analysis, obtains the wide band absorption spectrum of tested sample 3; There is diffuse reflection and reflection in another part light, this part light is sent in reflecting spectrograph 51 and carried out spectral analysis, obtains the broadband reflection spectrum of tested sample 3 on the surface of tested sample 3; The data of absorption spectrometer 41 and reflecting spectrograph 51 are sent to computing machine and display system 6 is carried out follow-up algorithm process and demonstration,, by analyze the mode of absorption spectrum and reflectance spectrum simultaneously, reach blood component analyzing more accurately.
Embodiment 2:
In order to solve high, the bulky weak point of spectrometer cost in embodiment 1, the invention provides another technical scheme: described absorption spectrum information collecting device 4 is for absorbing photodetector 43, and the front end of described absorption photodetector 43 adds and absorbs light field mirror 42; Described reflectance spectrum information collecting device 5 is reflected light electric explorer 53, and the front end of described reflected light electric explorer 53 adds reflected light field lens 52; The spectroscopic data of described absorption photodetector 43 and reflected light electric explorer 53 transfers to data processing unit 8, and described data processing unit 8 is connected to computing machine and display system 6.
The front end of above-mentioned light-beam scanner 2 is provided with light-dividing device 7.Specifically, light-dividing device 7 has solved that photodetector can not be surveyed wavelength and the defect that can only survey light intensity.
In embodiment 2, utilize light-dividing device and photodetector (absorbing photodetector 43, reflected light electric explorer 53) to carry out length scanning detection, volume is little, cost is low, but light path and electrical design are had to higher requirement, photodetector (absorbing photodetector 43, reflected light electric explorer 53) is collected the indifferent of light, thereby need to install field lens (absorbing light field mirror 42, reflected light field lens 52) additional and collect transmission or reflected light, to obtain stronger signal, improve system signal noise ratio.
The effect of above-mentioned data processing unit 8 is to convert the current signal of photodetector output to the laggard row digitizing of voltage signal (A/D sampling), then sends into computing machine and display system 6.In embodiment 1, do not need data processing unit 8, because the integrated data processing module of commercially available spectrometer (absorption spectrometer 41, reflecting spectrograph 51) own, its data only need to be sent into computing machine by USB interface.
The analytical approach of embodiment 2: wideband light source 1 is undertaken broad band light beam after light splitting, to be irradiated to the surface of tested sample 3 by light-beam scanner 2 by light-dividing device 7; Then collect transmitted light and reflected light by field lens (absorbing light field mirror 42, reflected light field lens 52), utilize photodetector (absorbing photodetector 43, reflected light electric explorer 53) to detect transmitted light and reflected light signal, photodetector data measured is reached to computing machine synchronously to data processing unit 9 and display system 6 calculates transmitted spectrum and reflectance spectrum.
Comprehensively above-mentioned, embodiment 1 is the wavelength parsing position of spectrum different from the difference of embodiment 2, embodiment 1 utilizes wideband light source direct irradiation tested sample 3, then utilizes spectrometer (absorption spectrometer 41, reflecting spectrograph 51) to carry out Check processing to the light that comprises different wave length.Embodiment 2 just utilized light-dividing device 7 that the different wave length of wideband light source 1 is separated before irradiating tested sample 3, after irradiation tested sample 3 with single wavelength, utilize photodetector (absorbing photodetector 43, reflected light electric explorer 53) detectable signal, then successively carry out length scanning, thereby obtain broadband spectral information.
Wherein, described wideband light source 1 is super continuum source, the telescopic system or the beam expanding lens that during light path shaping, form for lens.
Wherein, described light-dividing device 7 can be prism, grating or acousto-optic modulator (AOM).
Wherein, described light-beam scanner 2 is that galvanometer, optical fiber or scanning reflection mirror combine with field lens.
Wherein, described data processing unit 8 adopts ATMega16 single-chip microcomputer and 16 high-precision A/D sampling A/D chip ADS7805 as controlling and data acquisition core, also can use other types single-chip microcomputer and the A/D sampling A/D chip of said function.
Wherein, described photodetector (absorbing photodetector 43, reflected light electric explorer 53) can be the devices such as photodiode (PD), photomultiplier (PMT) or CCD.
The present invention (comprises embodiment 1, 2) the related analytical algorithm without wound blood constituent is as follows: first the spectral signal of spectrometer or photodetector gained is normalized, then utilize principal component analysis (PCA) (principle component analysis, PCA), study vector quantization (LVQ, Learning Vector Quantization, LVQ), artificial neural network algorithm (artificial neural network, ANN), partial least squares regression (particle least squares calibration analysis, and Support Vector Machine (support vector machines PLSR), SVM) method such as signal analysis is set up mathematical model, analyze transmission and the reflectance spectrum of coupling different measuring sample simultaneously.
Than blood constituent detection method of the prior art, beneficial effect of the present invention: the advantage that combines transmitted spectrum and reflectance spectrum, can effectively get rid of the interference that the factors such as measuring condition, environmental factor and Human Physiology difference are introduced, not only solve the problem of the spectral information loss of single wavelength, but also can reduce the overlapping measuring error causing of spectrum because of various blood constituents, also can be blood component analyzing simultaneously abundanter information is provided, improve accuracy and the confidence level of analytical algorithm result.In addition, application the present invention, by setting up the multispectral data storehouse of different ethnic groups or different genera animal, can carry out the quick kind location of blood sample, analyze the blood constituent of different plant species by sorting technique simultaneously, the error that also kind difference can be caused is rejected to minimum, thereby realizes more believable without the detection of wound blood constituent.
The above is only the preferred embodiment of the present invention; it should be pointed out that for those skilled in the art, under the premise without departing from the principles of the invention; can also make some improvements and modifications, these improvements and modifications also should be considered as protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. in conjunction with a blood component analyzing system for absorption spectrum and reflectance spectrum, it is characterized in that: comprise wideband light source, light-beam scanner, tested sample, absorption spectrum information collecting device, reflectance spectrum information collecting device and computing machine and display system; The light that described wideband light source sends is exposed to the surface of tested sample and transmission and refraction is occurred by described light-beam scanner; Transmitted light and refract light transfer to respectively described absorption spectrum information collecting device and reflectance spectrum information collecting device; The spectroscopic data of described absorption spectrum information collecting device and reflectance spectrum information collecting device transfers to described computing machine and display system.
2. the blood component analyzing system of a kind of combination absorption spectrum according to claim 1 and reflectance spectrum, is characterized in that described absorption spectrum information collecting device is absorption spectrometer, and described reflectance spectrum information collecting device is reflecting spectrograph.
3. the blood component analyzing system of a kind of combination absorption spectrum according to claim 1 and reflectance spectrum, is characterized in that described absorption spectrum information collecting device is for absorbing photodetector, and the front end of described absorption photodetector adds and absorbs light field mirror; Described reflectance spectrum information collecting device is reflected light electric explorer, and the front end of described reflected light electric explorer adds reflected light field lens; The spectroscopic data of described absorption photodetector and reflected light electric explorer transfers to data processing unit, and described data processing unit is connected to computing machine and display system.
4. the blood component analyzing system of a kind of combination absorption spectrum according to claim 3 and reflectance spectrum, is characterized in that the front end of described light-beam scanner is provided with light-dividing device.
5. in conjunction with a blood component analyzing method for absorption spectrum and reflectance spectrum, it is characterized in that, according to following operation: the broad band light beam that wideband light source sends is irradiated to the surface of tested sample and transmission and refraction occur through light-beam scanner; After a part of light transmission tested sample wherein, send into absorption spectrum information collecting device, after a part of anaclasis, send into reflectance spectrum information collecting device in addition, absorption spectrum information collecting device and reflectance spectrum information collecting device transfer to spectroscopic data respectively described computing machine and display system.
6. the blood component analyzing method of a kind of combination absorption spectrum according to claim 5 and reflectance spectrum, is characterized in that described absorption spectrum information collecting device is absorption spectrometer, and described reflectance spectrum information collecting device is reflecting spectrograph; The broad band light beam that described wideband light source sends is irradiated to the surface of tested sample through light-beam scanner; After after a part of light transmission tested sample wherein, send in absorption spectrometer and carry out spectral analysis, obtain the wide band absorption spectrum of tested sample; There is diffuse reflection and reflection on the surface of tested sample in another part light, this part light is sent in reflecting spectrograph and carried out spectral analysis, obtains the broadband reflection spectrum of tested sample; The data of absorption spectrometer and reflecting spectrograph are sent to computing machine and display system is carried out follow-up algorithm process and demonstration,, by analyze the mode of absorption spectrum and reflectance spectrum simultaneously, reach blood component analyzing more accurately.
7. the blood component analyzing method of a kind of combination absorption spectrum according to claim 5 and reflectance spectrum, is characterized in that described absorption spectrum information collecting device is for absorbing photodetector, and the front end of described absorption photodetector adds and absorbs light field mirror; Described reflectance spectrum information collecting device is reflected light electric explorer, and the front end of described reflected light electric explorer adds reflected light field lens; The spectroscopic data of described absorption photodetector and reflected light electric explorer transfers to data processing unit, and described data processing unit is connected to computing machine and display system; The front end of described light-beam scanner is provided with light-dividing device; Described wideband light source is undertaken broad band light beam after light splitting, to be irradiated to the surface of tested sample by light-beam scanner by light-dividing device; Then collect respectively transmitted light and reflected light by absorption light field mirror, reflected light field lens, utilize absorption photodetector and reflected light electric explorer to detect respectively optical signal transmissive and reflected light signal, photodetector data measured is reached to computing machine synchronously to data processing unit and display system calculates transmitted spectrum and reflectance spectrum.
8. according to a kind of combination absorption spectrum one of claim 5-7 Suo Shu and the blood component analyzing method of reflectance spectrum, it is characterized in that described wideband light source is super continuum source, the telescopic system or the beam expanding lens that during light path shaping, form for lens.
9. according to a kind of combination absorption spectrum one of claim 5-7 Suo Shu and the blood component analyzing method of reflectance spectrum, it is characterized in that described light-beam scanner is that galvanometer, optical fiber or scanning reflection mirror combine with field lens.
10. the blood component analyzing method of a kind of combination absorption spectrum according to claim 7 and reflectance spectrum, is characterized in that described light-dividing device can be prism, grating or acousto-optic modulator (AOM).
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