CN1039045C - 纤维掺混物、其生产方法及其用途 - Google Patents

纤维掺混物、其生产方法及其用途 Download PDF

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CN1039045C
CN1039045C CN94194136A CN94194136A CN1039045C CN 1039045 C CN1039045 C CN 1039045C CN 94194136 A CN94194136 A CN 94194136A CN 94194136 A CN94194136 A CN 94194136A CN 1039045 C CN1039045 C CN 1039045C
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fiber
blend
fiber blend
melamine
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CN1135243A (zh
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O·伊尔格
D·A·布隆
W·图勒
H·贝纳
G·赫斯特
K·奥特
H·-D·塞特勒
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Basofil Fibers LLC
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    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D02—YARNS; MECHANICAL FINISHING OF YARNS OR ROPES; WARPING OR BEAMING
    • D02G—CRIMPING OR CURLING FIBRES, FILAMENTS, THREADS, OR YARNS; YARNS OR THREADS
    • D02G3/00—Yarns or threads, e.g. fancy yarns; Processes or apparatus for the production thereof, not otherwise provided for
    • D02G3/02—Yarns or threads characterised by the material or by the materials from which they are made
    • D02G3/04—Blended or other yarns or threads containing components made from different materials
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D02—YARNS; MECHANICAL FINISHING OF YARNS OR ROPES; WARPING OR BEAMING
    • D02G—CRIMPING OR CURLING FIBRES, FILAMENTS, THREADS, OR YARNS; YARNS OR THREADS
    • D02G3/00—Yarns or threads, e.g. fancy yarns; Processes or apparatus for the production thereof, not otherwise provided for
    • D02G3/02—Yarns or threads characterised by the material or by the materials from which they are made
    • D02G3/04—Blended or other yarns or threads containing components made from different materials
    • D02G3/047—Blended or other yarns or threads containing components made from different materials including aramid fibres
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D02—YARNS; MECHANICAL FINISHING OF YARNS OR ROPES; WARPING OR BEAMING
    • D02G—CRIMPING OR CURLING FIBRES, FILAMENTS, THREADS, OR YARNS; YARNS OR THREADS
    • D02G3/00—Yarns or threads, e.g. fancy yarns; Processes or apparatus for the production thereof, not otherwise provided for
    • D02G3/44—Yarns or threads characterised by the purpose for which they are designed
    • D02G3/443—Heat-resistant, fireproof or flame-retardant yarns or threads
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D10—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
    • D10B—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
    • D10B2331/00—Fibres made from polymers obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds, e.g. polycondensation products
    • D10B2331/02—Fibres made from polymers obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds, e.g. polycondensation products polyamides
    • D10B2331/021—Fibres made from polymers obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds, e.g. polycondensation products polyamides aromatic polyamides, e.g. aramides
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/29—Coated or structually defined flake, particle, cell, strand, strand portion, rod, filament, macroscopic fiber or mass thereof
    • Y10T428/2904—Staple length fiber
    • Y10T428/2909—Nonlinear [e.g., crimped, coiled, etc.]
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/29—Coated or structually defined flake, particle, cell, strand, strand portion, rod, filament, macroscopic fiber or mass thereof
    • Y10T428/2913—Rod, strand, filament or fiber
    • Y10T428/2929—Bicomponent, conjugate, composite or collateral fibers or filaments [i.e., coextruded sheath-core or side-by-side type]

Abstract

本发明涉及蜜胺树脂纤维和芳酰胺纤维的掺混物。本发明提供一种纤维掺混物以改善蜜胺纤维和芳酰胺纤维的使用性能。本发明的掺混物主要由5-95份重量的蜜胺树脂纤维和95-5份重量的芳酰胺纤维组成。本发明的掺混物是通过将成品纤维进行混纺来生产的。本发明的纤维掺混物可用于生产纱线、带条和模制品、织物、纤维网、摩擦衬里等。

Description

纤维掺混物、其生产方法及其用途
本发明涉及蜜胺树脂纤维和芳酰胺纤维的掺混物。
含有蜜胺-甲醛缩合产物的纤维是已知的，例如可参阅DE-B-2364019。这类纤维是不可燃的、耐火和耐热的。由于具有这些性能，这类纤维可用于制造耐火织物。但是对于某些应用场合，这类纤维的强度或耐磨性都不够。
含有间苯二甲酸或对苯二甲酸和苯二胺的缩聚产物的纤维同样也被人们认识很长时间了。这类纤维在有火的环境中也具有有利的性能。但是，当采用罗拉梳理工艺加工成纱线时，芳酰胺短纤维的低加工速度是不利的。
本发明的目的是提供一种纤维掺混物，以改善蜜胺纤维和芳酰胺纤维的使用性能。本发明还提供了该纤维掺混物的一种生产方法及其用途。
我们已经发现，这个目的可以通过采用这两种纤维的掺混物来实现。
本发明提供了主要由下列成分组成的纤维掺混物：
A.5-95重量份蜜胺树脂纤维，和
B.95-5重量份芳酰胺纤维。
本发明的纤维掺混物中，蜜胺树脂纤维含有蜜胺-甲醛缩合产物，其中可有不超过30摩尔％的蜜胺被羟烷基蜜胺代替。
本发明的纤维掺混物中，芳酰胺纤维含有间苯二甲酸或对苯二甲酸与间位或对位的亚苯基二胺的缩聚产物。
本发明的纤维掺混物中，芳酰胺纤维优选含有异构的聚(对亚苯基对苯二酰胺)。
本发明还提供了一种通过将成品纤维进行混纺来生产如权利要求1所述的纤维掺混物的方法，其中所用的掺混物主要由下列成分组成：
A.5-95重量份蜜胺树脂纤维，和
B.95-5重量份芳酰胺纤维。
本发明的进一步提供了所述的纤维掺混物用于生产纱线的用途。
本发明的进一步提供了所述的纤维掺混物用于生产带条和模制品的用途。
本发明的进一步提供了所述的纤维掺混物用于生产织物的用途。
本发明的进一步提供了所述的纤维掺混物用于生产纤维网的用途。
本发明的进一步提供了所述的纤维掺混物用于生产摩擦衬里的用途。
按照DE-B-2364091的方法，可在用于纺制蜜胺树脂纤维的蜜胺树脂溶液中加入其它成纤聚合物的溶液，包括聚酰胺在有机溶剂中的溶液。作为一种改善由纺丝工艺制得的纤维的机械性能的方法，较好是在蜜胺树脂溶液中加入聚乙烯醇水溶液。因此该文献涉及的是将不同聚合物的混合物或溶液进行纺丝以生产混纺的多组分纤维，而本发明则涉及将不同的已生产的现成纤维进行混纺，从而生产出纤维掺混物。
A.蜜胺树脂纤维因其耐高温和不燃性而引起人们注意。其生产方法和性能是已知的，例如可参阅DE-A-2364091。这种纤维较好是由蜜胺甲醛预缩合产物在加入酸性固化剂后进行气流纺丝、拉伸挤出或原纤化来生产。所得到的纤维通常在牵伸或不牵伸的条件下进行预干燥，蜜胺树脂通常在120-250℃固化。纤维通常为5-25微米粗，2-2000毫米长。当蜜胺树脂中不大于30％(摩尔)，尤其2-20％(摩尔)的蜜胺用羟烷基蜜胺代替时就可得到热稳定性特别好的纤维，这可参见EP-A-221330或EP-A-523485。这种纤维的持续使用温度不高于200℃，较好不高于220℃。此外，可用取代的蜜胺、脲或苯酚代替少量的蜜胺。特别优选的是可由含有下列主要组分的混合物与甲醛或甲醛源化合物按蜜胺比甲醛为1∶1.15-1∶4.5的摩尔比例进行缩合得到的缩合产物：
(A)90-99.9摩尔％主要由下列成分构成的混合物：
(a)30-99摩尔％蜜胺，和
(b)1-70摩尔％下面通式I的取代蜜胺或其混合物：
Figure C9419413600051
其中X、X′和X″各自选自-NH2、-NHR和-NRR′，且X、X′和X″不能全是-NH2，而R和R′各选自羟基-C2-C10-烷基、羟基-C2-C4-烷基-(氧杂-C2-C4-烷基)n，这里n是1-5，和氨基-C2-C12-烷基，和
(B)0.1-10摩尔％(基于(A)和(B))未取代或被选自C1-C9烷基和羟基的基团取代的苯酚、被2个或3个酚基取代的C1-C4链烷、二羟苯基砜或这些苯酚的混合物。
B.芳酰胺纤维由于其在有火的环境中的有利性能而引起人们注意。这类纤维较好通过间苯二甲酸或对苯二甲酸与对位或间位的苯二胺的缩聚产物在溶剂，如N-乙烯基吡咯烷酮和六甲基磷酰胺的混合物中的溶液进行纺丝来生产。然后将所形成的连续纤维切断成短纤维，其粗细一般为5-25微米。优选的芳酰胺纤维是基于异构的聚(对亚苯基对苯二酰胺)的芳酰胺纤维。
这两种纤维都可含有通常的添加剂，如填料、染料、颜料、金属粉末和消光剂。这两种纤维通常在传统的纤维混纺设备中互相混合，请参阅Vliesstoffe，Georg Thieme Velag。原料通常是长度一般为1-20cm的短纤维。这些纤维通常通过一个传送装置送入到一个平型梳理机，在此进行预混。然后通常在罗拉梳理中完成互混。然后通常将所得到的絮棉进一步加工成纱线或纤维网，为此可采用纺织工业中常用的工艺。
这些纱线、纤维网或织物可以进一步加工成各种纺织品或非纺织结构物，这取决于应用领域。
含有少量，例如5-30％重量芳酰胺纤维的混纺纤维可以以纱线形式加工到例如用于防火窗帘或飞机用纺织品的具有很好的性能，如低烟密度的织物中。与单独由蜜胺树脂纤维制成的织物相比，这种纤维显示出较高的强度。
此外，主要由蜜胺树脂纤维构成并可另外含有掺合的玻璃纤维或聚丙烯腈纤维的纱线可用来制造摩擦衬里，例如离合器。
用本发明的纤维掺混物，较好含20-70％重量芳酰胺纤维的掺混物制造纤维网时，通常要将由罗拉梳理工艺得到的絮棉进行针缝。这样制得的纤维网可用来例如制造过滤器的插入物，在这种情况下，过滤性能与使用单独由芳酰胺纤维制造的纤维网相比有显著提高。类似地，这种纤维网可用来制造车座及家具的防火部件。此外，这种纤维网还可用来生产隔热和隔音的纤维毡，如EP-B-80655所述。这种纤维毡具有较高的强度。
主要由芳酰胺纤维构成，且芳酰胺纤维含量例如为95-60％，较好为95-80％(重量)的纤维掺混物在制纱过程的罗拉梳理工艺中与纯芳酰胺纤维相比，其可纺速度出人意料地更高，这种纱线可用来生产能用于例如耐火服和隔热材料的织物和纤维网。
最后，该纤维掺混物可以与粘结纤维掺混，用以制造模制品。粘结纤维可由缩合树脂或热塑性塑料组成。

Claims (10)

1.一种主要由下列成分组成的纤维掺混物：
A.5-95重量份蜜胺树脂纤维，和
B.95-5重量份芳酰胺纤维。
2.根据权利要求1的纤维掺混物，其中蜜胺树脂纤维含有蜜胺-甲醛缩合产物，其中可有不超过30摩尔％的蜜胺被羟烷基蜜胺代替。
3.根据权利要求1的纤维掺混物，其中芳酰胺纤维含有间苯二甲酸或对苯二甲酸与间位或对位的亚苯基二胺的缩聚产物。
4.根据权利要求1的纤维掺混物，其中芳酰胺纤维含有异构的聚(对亚苯基对苯二酰胺)。
5.一种通过将成品纤维进行混纺来生产如权利要求1所述的纤维掺混物的方法，其中所用的掺混物主要由下列成分组成：
A.5-95重量份蜜胺树脂纤维，和
B.95-5重量份芳酰胺纤维。
6.权利要求1的纤维掺混物用于生产纱线的用途。
7.权利要求1的纤维掺混物用于生产带条和模制品的用途。
8.权利要求1的纤维掺混物用于生产织物的用途。
9.权利要求1的纤维掺混物用于生产纤维网的用途。
10.权利要求1的纤维掺混物用于生产摩擦衬里的用途。
CN94194136A 1993-11-15 1994-11-04 纤维掺混物、其生产方法及其用途 Expired - Fee Related CN1039045C (zh)

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CA (1) CA2176395A1 (zh)
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AU1958992A (en) * 1991-07-12 1993-01-14 Basf Aktiengesellschaft Modified melamine-formaldehyde resins

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KR960705973A (ko) 1996-11-08
EP0729526A1 (de) 1996-09-04
DE59409277D1 (de) 2000-05-11
CA2176395A1 (en) 1995-05-26
EP0729526B1 (de) 2000-04-05
BR9408043A (pt) 1996-12-24
US5560990A (en) 1996-10-01
KR100315955B1 (ko) 2002-02-28
ES2145163T3 (es) 2000-07-01
ATE191521T1 (de) 2000-04-15
CN1135243A (zh) 1996-11-06
JPH09504838A (ja) 1997-05-13
WO1995014126A1 (de) 1995-05-26

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