CN103948467A - 具有多个可控冷却元件以提供预定冷却分布曲线的冷却装置 - Google Patents

具有多个可控冷却元件以提供预定冷却分布曲线的冷却装置 Download PDF

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CN103948467A
CN103948467A CN201410018158.1A CN201410018158A CN103948467A CN 103948467 A CN103948467 A CN 103948467A CN 201410018158 A CN201410018158 A CN 201410018158A CN 103948467 A CN103948467 A CN 103948467A
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chiller
cooling
rich
lipid
cell
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M·乐文森
J·N·罗森
W·彭尼贝克
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Zeltiq Aesthetics Inc
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种冷却装置，该装置用于从具有皮肤的对象皮下富含脂质的细胞除去热量，所述装置包括：多个冷却元件，彼此铰接以允许所述元件彼此相对旋转，其中，所述冷却元件具有皮肤界面表面并且被构造成能够去除热量以使所述富含脂质的细胞受影响而非富含脂质的细胞不受显著影响；和固位装置，以将所述冷却装置可释放地保持在对象上以使所述冷却元件能够从所述富含脂质的细胞中去除热量。

Description

具有多个可控冷却元件以提供预定冷却分布曲线的冷却装置
本发明专利申请是国际申请号为PCT／US2007／064018，国际申请日为2007年3月14日，进入中国国家阶段的申请号为200780000009.0，名称为“具有多个可控冷却元件以提供预定冷却分布曲线的冷却装置”的发明专利申请的分案申请。
技术领域
本发明一般涉及从皮下富含脂质的细胞除去热量的冷却装置、系统和方法，更具体地但非排他性地涉及具有多个可控冷却元件以产生空间冷却分布曲线和／或随时间变化的冷却分布曲线以便更有效地影响皮下富含脂质的细胞的冷却装置。
发明背景
过量体脂增加了发生各种疾病的可能性，例如心脏病、高血压、骨关节病、支气管炎、高血压、糖尿病、深部静脉血栓形成、肺栓子、静脉曲张、胆结石、疝和一些其它疾病。
除了是严重的健康风险，过量体脂还将减损个人外表和运动性能。例如，过量体脂会形成脂肪团，在皮肤表面导致“桔皮”现象。当皮下脂肪深入真皮并在皮肤附连下方结构性纤维链的地方形成浅凹时，脂肪团形成。通常认为脂肪团和过量脂肪是没有吸引力的。因此，出于对与过量脂肪相关联的严重健康风险和运动问题的考虑，迫切需要一种控制体脂过度蓄积的有效方法。
吸脂法是一种选择性除去体脂以塑造体形的方法。吸脂通常由整形外科医生和皮肤科医师采用专业化外科设备进行，通过抽吸作用以机械方式除去皮下脂肪细胞。吸脂法的一个缺点在于，这是一次重大的外科手术，恢复过程可能是痛苦的。吸脂法可能会有严重的、有时甚至是致命的并发症。此外，吸脂法的花费通常较高。
除去过量体脂的常规非侵入性疗法通常包括：外用药剂、减肥药、有规律的运动、节食或这些疗法的组合。这些疗法的一个缺点在于，它们在某些情况下不太有效或者甚至是不可能的。例如，当对象受到物理损伤或患病时，有规律的运动就不再是选项之一。类似地，当减肥药或外用药剂会引起过敏或副作用时就不能使用。而且，采用一般或全身减肥方法不能实现在对象身体的选定区域进行减肥。
其它非侵入性治疗方法包括在皮下富含脂质的细胞区域施热。美国专利5,948,011描述了通过用辐射能加热皮下脂肪层来改变皮下体脂和／或胶原，与此同时要冷却皮肤表面。所施加的热量能使胶原组织构成的纤维膈变性并破坏皮肤下方的脂肪细胞，而冷却能保护表皮不受热损伤。该方法比吸脂法的侵入性小，但仍然能引起相邻组织的皮肤损伤，对患者是痛苦的。
减少皮下脂肪细胞的另一种方法是冷却靶细胞，如美国专利公开2003／0220674所述，该申请的全部内容参考包括在此。该申请描述了降低富含脂质的皮下脂肪细胞的温度，以选择性影响脂肪细胞而不损伤表皮层细胞。虽然该申请提供了有希望的方法和装置，但仍然需要若干改进以提高该方法和装置的实施，包括提供多个可控冷却元件以形成空间冷却分布曲线和／或随时间变化的冷却分布曲线，以更有效地影响皮下富含脂质的细胞。
美国专利公开2003／0220674还描述了选择性除去富含脂质的细胞并避免其它结构如真皮和表皮细胞损伤的方法。需要更有效和更精确地控制这些作用的方法。因此，还需要一种在整个预定的随时间变化的冷却分布曲线上、所选择的空间冷却分布曲线上立体地冷却富含脂质的细胞，或者维持恒定的过程参数的方法。
附图简要说明
在附图中，相同的参考标号表示类似的元件或动作。附图中各元件的尺寸和相对位置不一定是按比例绘制的。例如，各种元件的形状和角度不是按比例绘制的，这些元件中的一些被随意放大和定位，以改善附图清晰度。并且，所绘制的各元件的具体形状不传递关于特定元件实际形状的任何信息，仅仅是为了在附图中容易辨识。
图1是根据本发明的一个实施方式，从皮下富含脂质的细胞除去热量的系统的等角视图。
图2A、2B、2C和2D是根据本发明的实施方式，从皮下富含脂质的细胞除去热量的冷却装置的等角视图。
图3是根据本发明的一个实施方式，从皮下富含装置的细胞除去热量的图2A所示冷却装置的分解等角视图。
图4是图3冷却装置的进一步分解等角视图，显示了根据本发明另一实施方式的冷却装置的其它组件。
图5A是根据本发明另一实施方式的多个串联的热交换器的等角视图。图5B是根据本发明又一实施方式的多个串联的热交换器的顶视图。图5C是图5B热交换器的等角底视图。
图6A是图5A所示热交换器中的一个的分解等角视图。图6B是根据本发明一个实施方式，一可选构型的热交换器冷却元件的等角视图。
图7是冷却元件中的一个沿图5A中线7-7的横截面视图。
图8是根据本发明一个实施方式，用于从皮下富含脂质的细胞除去热量的可选冷却装置的等角顶视图。
图9是图8可选冷却装置的等角顶视图。
图10是根据本发明另一实施方式，在皮肤真皮中侧向冷却模式的示例性截面视图。
图11是根据本发明另一实施方式，显示了用于从皮下富含脂质的细胞除去热量的计算机系统软件模块的框图。
发明详述
A.总览
本发明描述了冷却皮下富含脂质的细胞的装置、系统和方法。术语“皮下组织”指位于真皮下方的组织，包括脂肪细胞和皮下脂肪。应理解，下文提供的一些详细说明是为了描述以下实施方式，描述的方式足以使相关领域技术人员能够制造和使用所述实施方式。但是，下文描述的一些细节和优点不一定是实施本发明某些实施方式所必需的。此外，本发明包括在权利要求书范围内但却没有在图1-11中详细描述的其它实施方式。
在整篇说明书中，“一个实施方式”或“一实施方式”表示结合该实施方式中描述的特定性质、结构或特征包括在本发明的至少一个实施方式中。因此，通篇说明书多处出现的短语“在一个实施方式中”或“在一实施方式中”并不必然都是指该实施方式。而且，特定性质、结构或特征可以任何合适的方式结合在一个或多个实施方式中。
这里给出的标题只是为了方便叙述，而不应解释为本发明的范围或涵义。
本发明涉及一种用于从对象皮下富含脂质的细胞除去热量的冷却装置。该冷却装置包括多个可彼此相对运动的冷却元件，以适应对象皮肤。
一个方面涉及用于从皮下富含脂质的细胞除去热量的冷却装置。该冷却装置包括：多个包含在可围绕至少一个轴旋转的互连框架构件内的冷却元件、多个热交换元件、和壳体。或者，该冷却装置包括多个包含在柔性基板上的冷却元件。冷却装置可采用许多冷却技术，例如包括热电冷却器、再循环冷流体、蒸汽压缩元件、或相变低温装置。本领域技术人员将理解，还可使用许多其它冷却技术，并且冷却元件不必限于上述元件。
另一个方面涉及具有利用热电珀耳帖原理或其它冷却技术的多个冷却元件的冷却装置。该冷却装置还包括与冷却元件热连通的散热元件和多个界面元件，界面元件具有被构造成接触对象皮肤的热交换表面。冷却元件能够降低区域温度，从而使该区域中富含脂质的细胞受影响而非富含脂质的细胞通常不受影响。
其它的方面包括，该冷却装置可包括多个互连的铰接区段，以便旋转以顺应身体部分。或者，冷却元件还可设置在柔性基板上并可彼此相对运动。
另一个方面涉及一种冷却装置，它具有多个独立控制以提供空间冷却分布曲线和／或随时间变化的冷却分布曲线的冷却元件。例如，冷却分布曲线可配置成能使沿冷却装置外周的冷却元件比冷却装置内部的冷却元件温度更高或更低。或者，冷却分布曲线可配置成能使冷却装置区域内的冷却元件比冷却装置附近区域的冷却元件的温度更高或更低。其它的方面包括，冷却分布曲线可随时间变化，以提供在治疗期间降低或升高的温度曲线。
另一个方面涉及应用冷却装置的方法，所述冷却装置具有多个包含在多个互连铰接区段内的冷却元件，每一个相邻的铰接冷却元对可围绕至少一个轴旋转。冷却元件可具有能够从对象皮肤除去热量的多个热交换表面。该方法包括：旋转包含冷却元件的铰接区段以实现所需的冷却装置构形，将多个冷却元件的热交换表面冷却至所需的温度，将多个冷却的热交换表面贴近对象皮肤放置，和降低区域温度从而使区域中富含脂质的细胞受影响而区域中非富含脂质的细胞一般不受影响。或者，冷却元件设置在柔性基板上并可相互运动。
其它的方面包括在接触区域应用和维持压力的方法。其它的方面包括用固位装置将冷却装置固定在适当位置。其它的方面包括提供随时间变化的分布曲线，以在选择的时间范围内升高或降低冷却元件的温度。其它的方面包括在空间方面改变冷却装置的每一个冷却元件的温度，以在冷却装置中提供分立冷却区域。
另一个方面涉及用于从皮下富含脂质的细胞除去热量的系统。该系统包括冷却装置以及联接于该冷却装置以消散冷却装置产生的热量的的散热装置，该冷却装置包括多个包含可彼此相对运动的冷却元件的框架区段，框架区段能实现相互间所需的取向。在一个实施方式中，框架区段铰接在一起。当贴近对象皮肤放置时，这多个冷却元件能够降低区域温度，从而使区域中富含脂质的细胞受影响而表皮和／或真皮中非富含脂质的细胞一般不受影响。
其它的方面包括使冷却装置的构形依从身体轮廓。其它的方面包括，该冷却装置包括手柄和／或可包括绑带或其它固位装置以使冷却装置保持在选定的位置。其它的方面包括控制系统，以预定的模式个别地控制冷却元件的温度。其它的方面包括处理元件，用于控制冷却装置随时间变化的冷却分布曲线。
B.选择性减少富含脂质细胞的系统
图1是根据本发明的一个实施方式，用于从对象101皮下富含脂质的细胞除去热量的系统100的等角视图。系统100可包括放置于对象101腹部102或其它合适的部位的冷却装置104，以从对象101皮下富含脂质的细胞除去热量。下面将参考图2-11更详细地描述冷却装置104的各个实施方式。
系统100还可包括冷却单元106以及将冷却装置104连接至冷却单元106的供应和返回流体管线108a-b。冷却单元106可将热量从冷却剂移至散热装置，并通过流体管线108a-b向冷却装置104提供冷冻的冷却剂。循环冷却剂的例子包括水、乙二醇、合成的热转移流体、油、制冷剂、和任何其它合适的导热流体。流体管线108a-b可以是软管或是其它由聚乙烯、聚氯乙烯、聚氨酯和可容纳特定循环冷却剂的其它材料构成的导管。冷却单元106可以是制冷单元、冷却塔、热电冷冻机、或任何其它能够从冷却剂移走热量的装置。或者，可使用市政供水(即自来水)代替冷却单元。
如下文更详细所述，冷却装置104包括多个热电冷却元件，例如珀耳帖型热电元件，可一个个地控制它们以产生定制的空间冷却分布曲线和／或随时间变化的冷却分布曲线。系统100可还包括电源110和可操作地联接于冷却装置104的处理单元114。在一个实施方式中，单元110可提供给热电冷却装置104直流电压，以实现从对象101的热去除速率。处理单元114可经由贴近冷却装置104放置的传感器(未示出)通过电力线116监测过程参数，以基于过程参数调节热去除速率。可调节热转移速率以维持恒定的过程参数。或者，过程参数可随空间或时间改变。处理单元114可通过线112直接电连通，或者可通过无线连通连接。或者，可预先编程处理单元114以提供空间分布的冷却曲线和／或随时间变化的冷却曲线。处理单元114可包括任何处理器、可编程逻辑控制器、分布式控制系统等。
在另一个方面中，处理单元114可与输入装置118、输出装置120和／或控制台122电连通。输入装置118可包括键盘、鼠标、触摸屏、按钮、开关、电位计、和适合接收使用者输入的任何其它装置。输出装置120可包括显示屏、打印机、媒体阅读器、音频装置和适合提供使用者反馈的任何其它装置。控制台122可包括指示灯、数字显示器和音频装置。在可选的实施方式中，控制台122可包含在冷却装置104中。在图1所示实施方式中，处理单元114、电源110、控制台122、冷却电源106、输入装置118和输出装置120由带有轮子126的机架承载以方便搬运。在可选的实施方式中，处理装置114可包含在冷却装置104上。在另一个实施方式中，各组件可固定安装在治疗部位。
C.具有多个冷却元件的冷却装置
图2A、2B和2C是适用于系统100的本发明冷却装置104的等角视图。在该实施方式中，冷却装置104包括控制系统壳体202和冷却元件壳体204a-g。控制系统壳体202包括可滑入轴环310和／或可机械附连于冷却元件壳体的插套308(图3)。冷却元件壳体204a-g通过附连装置206连接于热交换元件(未示出)。附连装置可以是任何机械附连装置，例如螺钉或销，如本领域所知。多个冷却元件壳体204a-g可具有许多类似的特征。因此，下面将描述参考标号“a”所表示的第一冷却元件壳体204a的特征，第二冷却元件壳体204b的相应特征由相同的参考标号“b”来显示和说明，依此类推。冷却元件壳体204a可由聚合物材料、金属、陶瓷、木材和／或其它合适的材料构成。图2A-C中显示的冷却元件壳体204a的例子总体为矩形，但也可具有任何其它所需的形状。
图2A中显示了第一相对平伸构型的冷却装置104；图2B中显示了第二微曲构型；图2C中显示了第三弯曲构型。如图2B和2C所示，冷却元件壳体204a-g的各区段可旋转地连接于相邻区段并可围绕连接件207a-f运动以使冷却装置104弯曲。例如，连接件207a-f可以是销、球形接头、轴承或其它类型的可旋转接头。因此，可将连接件207构造成能使第一冷却元件壳体204a可旋转地联接于第二冷却元件壳体204b。根据本发明的诸方面，第一冷却元件壳体204a可相对于第二冷却元件壳体204b旋转(箭头A表示)，每一个相邻的可运动冷却元件对能例如将第一和第二冷却元件壳体204a和204b间的角度调整到高达45°。这样，冷却装置的关节联接，使其能采取图2B或2C所示的弯曲构型，顺应对象皮肤。
多个可旋转热交换器表面的一个优点在于，冷却装置的弓式形状能将热转移集中到皮下区域。例如，当热交换表面围绕对象身体轮廓旋转时，弓式形状可集中皮肤散热。
控制系统壳体202可容纳用于控制冷却装置104和／或流体管线108a-b和／或电源和连通线的处理单元。控制系统壳体202包括电线和流体供应管线(为表示清楚未显示)的配线端口210。控制系统壳体202还可被构造成冷却装置104供使用者抓持的手柄。或者，处理单元可包含在冷却装置之外的位置处。
如图2A、2B和2C所示，冷却装置104可还在冷却装置104的各端包括联接于框架304的固位装置208a和208b。固位装置208a和208b通过固位装置联接元件212a-b可旋转地联接于框架。例如，固位装置联接元件212a-b可以是销、球形接头、轴承或其它类型的可旋转接头。或者，固位装置208a和208b可刚性固定于冷却元件壳体204a和204g的端部。或者，固位装置可附连于控制系统壳体202。
图中的固位装置208a和208b分别为翼片214，其中各自具有一狭槽206，用于接受环带或弹性绑带(为清楚计，未示出)，以在治疗期间将冷却装置104保持在对象101上的适当位置。或者，冷却装置可不包含任何附连的固位装置，可用手保持定位，可通过重力保持定位，或可通过包裹在冷却装置104和对象101周围的环带、弹性绑带或非弹性织物(例如尼龙织物带)保持定位。
如图2A-2C所示，冷却元件壳体204a-g具有第一边缘218和交互形状的相邻第二边缘220，以使冷却装置104匹配并因而形成平伸构型。第一边缘218和第二边缘220在图中大致呈角度的；但是，其形状可为弯曲的、直的、或是在冷却元件壳体204a-g相邻区段之间形成交互形状的角度、弯曲和直线边缘的组合。
图2D显示了适用于系统100的本发明可选的冷却装置104的等角视图。在该实施方式中，冷却装置104包括位于柔性基板350上的多个热交换元件300a-g。如图2A-2C中所述，相邻热交换元件300a-g通过流体管线328流体串联。
根据本发明的诸方面，冷却元件302a-g可固定于柔性基板350，或者可嵌入柔性基板350。柔性基板350可由聚合物材料、弹性体材料和／或其它合适的材料构成。柔性基板350还可以是弹性体如硅氧烷或氨基甲酸乙酯，或可以是织物如尼龙。柔性基板350也可以是薄层聚合物如聚丙烯或ABS。图2D所示柔性基板350的例子大致为矩形，但也可具有任何其它所需的形状，包括矩阵构型或解剖学特异性形状。根据本实施方式的诸方面，柔性基板350在冷却元件302a-g之间起活动铰链的作用，以使冷却元件302a-g顺应对象皮肤。
图3是适用于系统100的本发明一个实施方式的冷却装置104的分解等角视图。在该实施方式中，冷却装置104包括框架304，它具有多个可旋转连接区段305a-g。可旋转连接区段305a-g通过铰链306a-g连接。或者，框架304的可旋转连接区段305a-g可通过允许旋转的连接件连接，例如如销、活动铰链、柔性基板如织物带或织物等。根据本发明的一个方面，联接件或铰链由塑料制成以使冷却元件相互绝缘。
框架304中包括许多热交换元件300a-g。热交换元件300a-g包括具有罩盖301a-g的冷却元件302a-g。罩盖301a-g固定在冷却元件302a-g的顶侧。罩盖301a-g可通过各种机械装置固定，一如本文进一步所述和本领域所知。根据本发明的诸方面，罩盖301a-g对冷却元件302a-g流体密封。根据本发明的其它方面，铰链306a-g被构造成在使用过程中当热交换元件300a-g处于旋转位置时维持热交换元件300a-g之间的紧密贴合。
冷却元件302a-g可通过冷却元件附连装置307附连于框架304，使得第一热交换元件300a位于框架304的第一区段305a中，第二热交换元件300b位于框架304的第二区段305b中。图示的冷却元件附连装置307是从框架304延伸的翼片313和使所述框架304的翼片313牢固附连于冷却元件302a-g的螺钉315。或者，也可使用本领域已知的机械固定装置。
冷却装置104的冷却元件302a-g通常被构造成能够旋转，以使冷却装置104适应对象101的弓状部分。一旦定位在对象101上，冷却装置104可进一步捆绑至对象101或者被构造成可释放地附连于对象101。冷却元件302a-g可被构造成能够彼此相对运动或旋转以便将冷却元件302a-g定位到在运行期间对治疗区域施加压力的位置。冷却元件302a-g可彼此相对运动或旋转，以使冷却装置104适应对象皮肤。下面将参考冷却装置的具体实施例更详细地描述这些特征。
第一冷却元件302a可包括冷却元件壳体204a、流体入口310和流体出口316a。流体入口310流体联接于供应流体管线108a。如图3所示，相邻的冷却元件在流体入口314a-f和流体出口316a-f处通过流体管线328串联流体联接。冷却元件302g还包括流体联接于返回流体线108b的流体出口312。
提供串联流体联接的冷却元件的一个预期的优点是，通过各个冷却元件302a-g个均匀流速，以提供冷却装置更一致的冷却。提供串联流体联接的冷却元件302a-g的另一个预期优点是冷却装置中的供应管线较少，从而更可靠、更方便和更容易地容纳冷却装置的流体流动构型。
图4是适用于系统100的本发明一个实施例的图3所示冷却装置的进一步分解等角视图。该进一步分解视图基本类似于上述实施例，相同的参考数字表示共有的动作和结构。下面只描述操作和结构中的显著差异。冷却装置104包括冷却元件302a-g，它具有多个热电冷却器402，热电冷却器402被构造成能够降低对象101皮下区域的温度以选择性影响该区域中富含脂质的细胞。所示多个热电冷却器402，也称为珀耳帖型元件，具有第一面404和第二面406。第一面404与冷却元件302热连通，第二面406与界面元件418热连通。热电冷却器402可连接至外部电源(未示出)，以在第一面404和第二面406之间转移热量。一个合适的热电冷却器是由TE Technologies，Inc.(Traverse City，Michigan)生产的珀耳帖型冷却元件(型号#CP-2895)。
热电冷却器402包含在框架304的区段305a-g内。根据本发明的诸方面，框架304可包含针对每一个热电冷却器402的独立的引导件(individualguides)。或者，热电冷却器402可保持在冷却元件302a-g上，例如通过热环氧化物或通过焊接、机械压缩和热滑油的组合。
如图4所示，多个冷却元件302a-g可还包括与热电冷却器402热连通的多个界面元件418，它具有热交换表面420，用于向／从对象101转移热量。在一个实施例中，界面元件418大致为平面，但在其它实施例中，界面元件418为非平面(例如，弯曲的、多面的，等等)。界面元件418可以由导热性大于0.05瓦／米开尔文的任何合适的材料构成，在许多实施例中导热性大于0.1瓦／米开尔文。合适的材料的例子包括铝、其它金属、金属合金、石墨、陶瓷、一些聚合物材料、复合材料、或包含在柔性膜中的流体。
通过向热电冷却器402供电，可将对象皮肤中的热量有效地转移至冷却元件302a-g中的循环流体。例如，对热电冷却器402施加电流通常可使热电冷却器402第一面404上的温度达到37℃以下，通过界面元件418从对象101移走热量。然后，热电冷却器402将热量从第二面406移至第一面404，在第一面404上热量被转移到循环流体中。然后，冷却单元106从循环液体移走热量。
热电冷却器402可被构造成能从对象101快速移走足够量的热量，而无需对冷却单元106使用高流电源。为了促进热量转移，界面元件418可以是与热电冷却器402大致相同尺寸的铝板。根据本发明的内容，热电冷却器402可以是功率约为160瓦的珀耳帖型热电元件。因此，冷却装置104可快速有效地使一部分对象皮肤从约37℃冷却至约-20℃。冷却单元160可使用普通电压电源(例如，120VAC)，因为能量消耗不会过多。这就使得系统能够在医院、诊所、小型办公室中使用，无需较为昂贵的高压电子系统。
图5A是串联连接的多个热交换元件300a-g的等角视图，除去了壳体以更好地显示多个热交换元件300a-g和互连流体管线。根据本发明的诸方面，热交换元件300a-g可旋转地包含在框架304的连接区段上，形成宽度比高度大的冷却装置。因此，冷却装置是顺应性的并将依从外形轮廓。根据本发明的诸方面，冷却装置在第一维度中的尺寸小，使得治疗区域在第二维度中的弯率不会显著影响皮肤与冷却装置之间相接触的表面积的量。
根据本发明的其它实施方式，图5B是通过铰链350a、350b串联连接的多个热交换器的等角顶视图，其中，铰链连接件与热聚合物302a、302b直接连接。图5B中显示的铰链350a、350b是长条铰链，它沿热交换器300a、300b的相邻侧边在热交换器300a、300b的长度上延伸，或者，铰链350a、350b可在热交换器300a、300b相邻侧边的一部分长度上延伸，或铰链连接件可包括多个铰链350a、350b。与图5A不同，未采用框架来连接热交换器300a、300b或提供热交换器300a、300b间铰链连接件的支撑。图5C是图5B中热交换器的等角底视图。根据本发明的其它方面，可单用和联用本领域已知的其它铰接机械连接；或者铰链连接中可使用本领域已知的其它化学连接如柔性粘合剂或活动铰链；或者，热交换器之间可使用机电连接如磁体来连接热交换器。
图6A是图5A所示热交换元件300a的分解等角侧视图，以进一步显示热交换元件300a中的流体流动。图中类似的参考标号表示类似的特征或组件。如图6A中所示，热交换元件300a可包括在冷却元件302a中的蜿蜒形流体室610。如图6B所示，热交换元件300a可包括鳍件612以引导流体流动通过流体室610。流体室610可与相关流体口流体连通，使得流体可循环通过流体室610。流体室610可被构造成能接纳流体冷却剂，例如水、乙二醇、合成的热转移流体、油、制冷剂、空气、二氧化碳、氮气和氩气。根据本发明的其它方面，流体室610可被构造成本领域已知的多种构型，以使流体分布在整个冷却元件302a中。
图7是一个冷却元件302a的横截面视图。冷却元件302a被含有O环密封件722的罩盖301a流体密封，由附连装置326保持在适当位置。根据本发明的内容，冷却元件302a可还包括贴近热交换表面420(图4)的至少一个传感元件710。例如，传感元件710可与热交换表面420大致平齐。或者，它可以从表面凹陷或凸出。传感元件710包括温度传感器、压强传感器、传递系数传感器、生物电阻传感器、超声传感器、光传感器、红外传感器、热通量传感器或任何其它所需的传感器，如本文进一步所述。
在一个实施例中，传感元件710可以是温度传感器，它被配置成能够测量第一热交换表面420的温度和／或对象101的皮肤温度。例如，温度传感器可被构造成在测量期间能够穿透皮肤的探头或探针。合适的温度传感器的例子包括：热电偶、热阻装置、热敏电阻器(例如，掺杂中子嬗变的锗热敏电阻器)以及红外辐射温度传感器。在另一个实施例中，传感元件710可是以超声传感器，它被配置成能够测量对象治疗区域中的结晶和皮下脂肪粘度的变化。在又一个实施例中，传感元件710可以是光或红外传感器，它被配置成能够监测治疗区域的图像，以检测治疗的表皮生理反应。传感元件710例如通过直接电线连接、网络连接和／或无线连接与处理单元114电连通。
因此，冷却装置104可与处理单元114电连通，处理单元114可自动调整冷却温度。根据本发明的其它方面，传感元件710可感应界面元件418的温度，并由处理单元114将感应的电子信号转化为温度过程值。在一个实施方式中，处理单元114可包括比例-积分-导数控制器，它可调节对热电冷却器402的功率输出，以实现和／或维持所需的温度。
根据本发明的其它方面，传感元件710可另选地是压强传感器，以感应冷却元件302a在对象101上所产生的压强。在一个实施方式中，界面元件418可附连于框架304，使得在热交换元件300a施加的压强通过壳体204a转移至压强传感器。压强传感器可另选地被配置成能够感测流体室610中的压强，以监控流体室610中的压强变化。或者，可由力和已知的冷却元件的接触面积来推算压强。例如，传感元件710可以是任何类型的负载敏感性压强传感元件，例如OMEGA Engineering，Inc.(Stamford，Connecticut)生产的测力计(型号#LC201-25)。将压强测量膜直接设置在冷却元件与皮肤间的界面处也可进行直接的压强测量。
冷却元件302a-g可具有许多带有不同和／或额外特征的其它实施方式，而不减损冷却元件的操作。例如，相邻的冷却元件可具有或不具有毗邻热交换表面的传感元件。或者，冷却元件可由与相邻冷元件不同的材料构成。
图8显示了包含在矩阵设计中的许多热电冷却件的等角视图。图8和9是根据本发明的实施方式，用于从皮下富含脂质的细胞除去热量的可选冷却装置的等角视图。如图8和9所示，冷却装置810包括被构造成平面矩阵的冷却元件804。冷却装置810可包括用于将冷却元件804保持在适当位置的绑带812。冷却装置可还包括手柄814、线束818和用于将绑带812可释放地固定于冷却元件804的翼片816。冷却元件804可还包括插套822，如下进一步所述。
如图9所示，冷却元件804包括平面矩阵824，平面矩阵824包括多个热电冷却件826。热电冷却件826包含在柔性基板830上。柔性基板830可以是弹性体，例如硅氧烷或氨基甲酸乙酯，或者可以是织物如尼龙。根据其它的方面，柔性基板830可以是薄层聚合物，例如聚丙烯或ABS。如本文更详细所述，热电冷却件826可具有用热环氧化物胶粘至热电冷却件826冷却表面的保护性界面小板(未示出)。根据本发明的可选实施方式，辅助机械约束件还可包含在柔性基板830中，以锁位热电冷却件826。如本文更详细所述，热电冷却件826可在热侧面上包括热交换器(如图3-7中所述)以冷却该热侧面。根据该实施方式的内容，每一个热电冷却件826可具有相对应的热交换器，以增加平面矩阵的柔性。或者，单个柔性热交换器可联接至热电冷却件的热侧面(例如，水可循环通过的囊或其它柔性膜)。
根据本发明的可选内容，平面矩阵824可还包括接纳在界面板和热电冷却件之间的温度或其它传感器(未示出)和／或可具有单独的插套以容纳温度传感器，如下进一步所述。
D.冷却装置的操作
图10是皮肤真皮中横向冷却模式的示例性截面视图。冷却模式从冷却元件302a-f辐射通过皮肤表皮和真皮，从而当其影响包含富含脂质细胞的目标真皮层时，冷却模式形成一致的冷却层并且框架区段间的任何间隙减小。这种冷却模式的一个预期优点是，治疗期间真皮层的冷却是均匀的。图10揭示了可应用于对象身体大致平面部分的冷却装置104。冷却装置的冷却元件302a-f彼此间可相对运动(如图2B、C和D所示)，以顺应对象皮肤轮廓。
不受理论的限制，据信在操作中，经由传导进行冷却的冷却装置104的有效冷却取决于许多因素。影响从皮肤区域去除热量的两个示例性的因素是，冷却元件的表面积和界面元件的温度。当在处于物理接触中的两种材料间传导，即在皮肤与冷却元件间传导时，存在着一定量的热阻，称为接触热阻。接触热阻的表现形式是两种材料之间的温差。接触热阻较高意味着冷却效力较低；因此，在冷却装置中需要尽可能减小接触热阻。
尽可能减小接触热阻并最大程度地增加接触表面积的一种方法是用柔性且顺应身体自然轮廓的界面膜。根据可另选的方面，通过增加皮肤上施加器的压强可减小接触压强。表面压强在皮肤冷却应用中具有额外的优点。皮肤上足够的压强促使内部毛细管收缩，暂时减少经过治疗区域的血流。经过治疗区域的血流减少可使冷却中的区域更有效冷却并提高治疗有效性。
因此，根据本发明的内容，冷却装置还包含根据冷却装置的曲率包裹围绕对象的柔性系带材料或带。通过绑紧系带，可在对象与冷却装置之间施加压力并维持该压力。根据本发明的诸方面，系带可包含环带(hoop)或d-环，系带通过它们连结以产生紧固系带的机械优势。根据本发明的其它方面，系带还包含维可牢尼龙搭扣(Velcro)或闩锁或弹簧箍，以在紧固系带后保持压力。
操作中，操作者可抓住控制系统壳体202或其它类型的合适的手柄(未示出)，用一只手握持冷却装置104。接着，冷却元件302a-g可运动或旋转以实现所需的取向。操作者可按所需取向将具有冷却元件302a-g的冷却装置104置于贴近对象皮肤，以从对象101的皮下区域除去热量。在一个实施方式中，操作者绑紧固定于冷却抓住104的固位装置208，从而对对象皮肤施加压力。在另一个实施方式中，操作者可对着对象皮肤手动按压冷却装置104。操作者还可通过从传感元件710收集测量结果如皮肤温度来监测和控制治疗过程。通过将皮下组织冷却至温度37℃以下，更优选25℃以下，可选择性地影响皮下富含脂质的细胞。然后，受影响的细胞通过天然过程被患者再吸收。
根据本发明的内容，将界面元件418如薄层铝板安装到热电冷却件的底部，以确保热电冷却件与界面元件间的良好热接触。界面元件可通过各种各样的机械固定方式如本领域已知的固定方式联接于冷却元件。例如，联接方式可包括，使用导热环氧化物或使用热油脂如氧化锌。
操作中，冷却可通过热交换元件300a-g有效分布。例如，冷却装置包括一系列大约1毫米厚的界面元件418。界面元件418通过机械固定如热环氧化物与冷却元件302a-g热连通。冷却元件302a-g由许多热电冷却件冷却，以提供给治疗区域更有效的冷却系统。冷却元件302a-g包含在可彼此相对运动的区段中，以顺应对象皮肤的轮廓。或者，类似于金属表带的连接节段，冷却元件可彼此相对旋转，因而组件可弯曲。
在设计中，界面元件和冷却元件保护热电冷却件，同时维持热电冷却件与皮肤间的良好热转移。界面元件的尺寸使得它们不会呈现非常大的热质量(thermal mass)。在一种设计中，各个热电冷却件可为1”×1.5”。界面装置或铝板也可以是厚度0.04”的1”×1.5”。如果热电冷却件的冷却功率约为10W，基于预计从皮肤传导的热通量该功率是合适的，那么铝板可在大约7秒内从室温20℃冷却至治疗温度-10℃。由以下方程来描述板内能的变化：
ΔE=ρ·V·C·ΔT
其中，ΔE是内能的变化，ρ是材料密度，V是材料体积，C°是材料热容，ΔT是温度变化。在上述问题中，铝板的体积为V＝1英寸×1.5英寸×0.04英寸或0.06英寸(9.8×10-7m3)。对于典型的铝级别，C°＝875J／kg*℃，ρ＝2770kg／m3。用这些常数解方程：
ΔE＝2770kg／m3*9.8×10-7m3*875J／kg*℃*30℃＝71.3J
如果热电冷却件的冷却功率为10W，则可在7.1秒内从铝板移走71.3J的热量，如以下公式所示：
71.3J／(10J／秒)＝7.13秒
在一个实施方式中，在皮肤表面处框架中可包括小间隙或凹陷。在对皮肤施放冷却装置之前，可对装置或皮肤涂敷导热流体或偶联剂，以尽可能减小接触热阻并增加冷却装置与皮肤间的热转移。偶联剂将充填冷却装置中的间隙，允许热电冷却件的板之间进行有限的横向传导。这就在冷却装置应用于皮肤时产生横跨皮肤表面区域的更均匀的温度梯度。
偶联剂可应用于皮肤或界面构件，以提高导热性。偶联剂可包括聚丙二醇、聚乙二醇、丙二醇和／或二醇。二醇、甘油和其它防冻剂是有效的冰点抑制剂，用作溶质以降低偶联剂的冰点。丙二醇(CH3CHOHCH20H)是防冻剂或不冻结偶联剂的一个示例性成分。其它成分包括聚丙二醇(PPG)、聚乙二醇(PEG)、聚二醇、二醇、乙二醇、二甲亚砜、聚乙烯吡啶、醋酸钙镁、醋酸钠和／或甲酸钠。优选偶联剂的冰点为-40℃到0℃，更优选低于-10℃，如2006年4月28日提交的题为“Coupling Agent For Use With a Cooling Device For Improved Removal ofHeat From Subcutaneous Lipid-Rich Cells”的美国临时申请60／795,799中进一步所述，该申请的内容参考包括在此。
采用冷却装置104的一个预期优点在于，可基本减少皮下富含脂质的细胞而不会对同一区域内非富含脂质细胞造成间接损伤。一般来说，不影响非富含脂质的细胞的低温能够影响富含脂质的细胞。结果，富含脂质的细胞如皮下脂肪组织受影响而同一区域中的其它细胞一般不会受到破坏，即使表面非富含脂质细胞经受着甚至更低些的温度。冷却装置104另一个预期的优点在于，其相对紧凑，因为冷却装置104可被构造成手持装置。又一个优点是，冷却装置可应用于对象身体的各种区域，因为可调节冷却元件302a-g以顺应任何身体轮廓。另一个预期优点在于，通过对着对象皮肤按压冷却装置104，可减少经过治疗区域的血流以实现有效冷却。另一个预期优点在于，通过束紧绑带施加压力以限制通往治疗区域的血流，从而减少热转移(通过传质)。因此，绑带不仅提供了将冷却装置保持在适当位置的方式，而且确保冷却装置与皮肤间的良好热接触，还可限制治疗区域中的血流。又一个预期优点在于，与单个冷却元件相比，多个冷却元件302a-g能更有效地从皮肤移走热量。
E.空间控制的冷却元件分布曲线
许多皮肤冷却装置依赖于热电冷却件或其它冷却源与皮肤之间相对厚的铝块或其它导热材料。当将冷却装置应用于相对绝缘材料如皮肤组织时，铝板变得等温并维持横跨皮肤表面的恒定温度分布曲线。这种设计的缺点在于，当装置开始冷却时，或在热循环期间，铝板所呈现的热质量(thermal mass)需要大冷却功率。这可翻译成增加冷却时间或增加冷却装置所需的功率或增加两者。
根据本发明的诸方面，冷却装置具有低的热质量，仍然能够维持横跨皮肤表面的恒定温度分布曲线。而且，根据本发明的诸方面，提供多个冷却元件，从而在一次治疗期间可以不同的温度治疗不同皮肤区域。在某些情况下，需要将不同皮肤区域冷却至不同温度或冷却不同的时间。根据本发明的诸方面，可独立地控制每一个热电冷却件以将不同的皮肤区域冷却至不同温度和／或冷却不同时间和／或确保整个治疗区域内一致的温度。需要这样做的一个原因是，身体不同部位中的组织组成不同。一些区域比起其它区域的脂肪组织层更厚，因而影响了皮肤的热响应。在其它区域中，骨或其它器官的存在也将影响对皮肤的热转移。
根据本发明的诸方面，空间控制的温度分布曲线可向治疗区域提供更有效的冷却。多个热电冷却件允许冷却装置实现空间冷却(spatial c0oling)。例如，因为治疗区中不同区域有不同的边界条件，包含在冷却装置外周的热电冷却件比包含在冷却装置内部的热电冷却件具有更低或更高的温度或持续时间。根据本发明的诸方面，冷却装置可将皮肤快速和有效地冷却至指定的温度。此外，本文所述冷却装置具有在单次治疗中治疗大区域同时将不同区域冷却至不同温度和／或冷却不同持续时间的能力。
或者，采用较小的冷却装置可实现这种局部化冷却的变化，从而进行多次治疗，在不同区域中冷却至不同温度。但是，这种类型的冷却装置需要多次治疗，从而增加了总的治疗时间和操作者误差的可能性。此外，热质量大的冷却装置在每次治疗期间将需要较长的冷却时间。
根据本发明的诸方面，该装置可适应空间控制的冷却温度分布曲线，至少提供以下优点：(1)增加效率；(2)减少功率消耗而效力相当；(3)增加患者舒适性；或(4)减少治疗时间。例如，根据本发明的诸方面，多个热电冷却件允许基于患者解剖学差异，选择性地激活或禁用设备的多个部分，从而实现患者间解剖学差异的调节。一个例子包括禁用骨骼结构周围的热电冷却件，以实现患者舒适性或节省能量。
或者，可定制可控冷却的具体模式，以匹配个体患者的脂肪团模式，从而增加治疗效力。类似地，可通过超声或其它装置预先鉴别需要较高治疗强度的治疗区域。于是，对该装置进行空间控制，以在预先鉴别的区域中提供较高强度的治疗。其它优点包括通过空间控制冷却以适应非天然解剖学结构(例如，肿块、瑕疵、乳头、毛发区域、疤痕、伤口、植入物的存在、珠宝、或敏感增强的区域)从而增加患者舒适性和安全性。
对装置进行空间控制的其它优点包括仅采用冷却元件的子集来治疗需要治疗的区域。使用一个可适应小治疗区域和大治疗区域而不会过度治疗(例如，不能进行空间控制的大装置)或必须多次移动装置因而增加治疗时间(例如，比治疗区域小的治疗装置)的装置是有益。因此，根据本发明的诸方面，可控制热电冷却件的选定区域使其比热电冷却件的另一区域稍热几度。或者，可关闭冷却装置的第一区域同时激活冷却装置的第二区域，使得仅治疗对象选定的区域，因而限制治疗区域。其它有益的空间控制模式包括：更强烈地治疗部位内的治疗区域、通过交替热电冷却件以节省能量、增加外周的冷却以提供横跨治疗区域一致的冷却模式、和这些空间控制模式的组合，以增加治疗效力、减少治疗时间、降低能量消耗和提供患者舒适性和安全性。
F.时间变化冷却分布曲线
在某些实施方式中，一旦达到所需的温度，可维持区域温度持续预定的时间。从皮肤分离热交换表面420a-g可终止冷却循环。一段时间后，如果需要，如上所述可在皮肤相同部位再次利用冷却装置104，直到充分影响富含脂质的细胞以实现富含脂质细胞所需的减少。在另一个实施方式中，可将冷却装置104应用于另一个皮肤部位，如上所述，以在另一个皮下靶区中选择性地影响富含脂质的细胞。
或者，可根据预定的随时间变化的冷却分布曲线控制冷却元件302a-g，以冷却、加热、再冷却和／或随时间以阶梯式温度模式冷却。具体地说，根据本发明的诸方面，随时间控制冷却的模式提供了以下优点：(1)增加效率；(2)降低能量消耗而效力相当；(3)增加患者舒适性；或(4)减少治疗时间。一个示例性冷却模式包括冷却至-5°持续15分钟，升高至30°持续5分钟，冷却至-3°持续10分钟。根据本发明的诸方面，可将任何所需的随时间变化的冷却分布曲线预先编程到装置中。例如，渐进式或阶梯式冷却速率可减少能量需求。或者，可采用快速冷却速率以使治疗区域过冷。示例性冷却速率包括每分钟5-1000度，更优选每分钟30-120度，最优选每分钟35-100度。
控制装置时间-温度分布曲线的一个预期优点在于，实施过程中，组织对冷却速率敏感，因而通过控制治疗区域的冷却速率可控制组织损伤。并且，在较长的时间段内、或分阶段地冷却治疗区域将增加患者舒适性。
部分上述实施方式的另一个预期优点在于，冷却装置104可选择性地减少皮下富含脂质的细胞而不会不可接受地影响真皮、表皮和／或其它组织。另一个预期优点在于，冷却装置104可在选择性地减少皮下富含脂质的细胞的同时向真皮和／或表皮提供有益作用。这些作用包括：纤维组织形成、新生胶原形成(neocollagenesis)、胶原收缩、胶原压实、胶原密度增加、胶原重塑和棘层肥厚(表皮增厚)。在脂肪团的治疗过程中，预期疝表面脂肪小叶上的真皮增厚将有助于减少脂肪团的出现和提高该作用的寿命。另一个预期优点在于，通过旋转或移动冷却元件302a-g以实现所需的取向，冷却装置104可顺应各种对象的身体轮廓。又一个预期优点在于，可将冷却装置104构造成手持装置以方便操作。而且，另一个预期优点在于，配备手持冷却装置104和机架安装的处理单元114及冷却单元106的系统100紧凑且有效，使得上述方法可施用于门诊部或医师诊室而不仅仅是医院。又一个预期优点在于，可将冷却装置104绑定在适当位置，使得医师能够空出手来并使医师能够在治疗进行过程中执行一些其它的任务。
G.应用具有多个可旋转或可运动冷却元件的冷却装置的方法
操作中，通过旋转或移动冷却元件302a-g来选择热交换表面420间的角度。常常选择冷却元件320a-g间的角度，以使热交换表面320a-g顺应对象101身体的各种轮廓和／或所需的夹钳设置。在图2A所示实施方式中，热交换表面320a-g间的角度可大致为180°，即热交换表面320a-g基本共平面，从而将冷却装置施加到治疗区域。在图2B所示实施方式中，角度可小于180°，以使冷却装置围绕对象身体弯曲。在图2C所示实施方式中，冷却装置进一步弯曲以顺应对象身体。在其它实施方式中，角度可以是任何角度以顺应对象身体，以如本领域技术人员所认可的那样。
在配置了冷却元件302a-g之后，操作者可将冷却装置104置于贴近对象101的皮肤。在图2A所示实施方式中(其中，角度为大致平面构型)，冷却元件302a-g最初平地放置在对象皮肤上。然后，操作者旋转或移动冷却装置以顺应对象身体。可用系带紧固冷却装置，并通过进一步绑紧系带增加压力。任选地，使用压强传感器来感测通过界面元件418施加的钳夹压强，通过处理单元114处理感测的钳夹力并在输出装置120上显示。然后，可根据显示的值调节压强。基于冷却装置的位置，该压强可高于皮肤中的收缩压，以阻碍或阻塞治疗区域中的血流。施加上述压强可实现目标区域更有效的冷却，因为将身体中心的热量转移至治疗区域的血流较少。
将冷却装置用压力施加到对象皮肤或对着皮肤按压对实现有效冷却是有益的。一般来说，对象101的体温约为37℃，血液循环是维持恒定体温的一种机制。这样，经过真皮和区域皮下层的血流是抵消真皮下脂肪冷却的热源。因此，如果不减少血流，冷却皮下组织需要不仅除去组织比热而且除去经过组织的血液循环的比热。因此，减少或消除经过治疗区域的血流可提高冷却效率和避免真皮和表皮过度热损失。
通过将皮下组织冷却至温度37℃以下，可选择性地影响皮下富含脂质的细胞。一般来说，与下方形成皮下组织的富含脂质细胞相比，对象101的表皮和真皮具有较少量的不饱和脂肪酸。因为非富含脂质的细胞通常比富含脂质的细胞能够忍受更低的温度，可选择性地影响皮下富含脂质的细胞同时维持真皮和表皮中非富含脂质的细胞。冷却元件302a-g的示例性范围可从约-20℃到约20℃，优选从约-20℃到约10℃，更优选从约-15℃到约5℃，更优选从约-10℃到约0℃。
富含脂质的细胞可通过破裂、收缩、损伤、破坏、去除、杀死或以其它方式改变等加以影响。不受理论的限制，据信，选择性地影响富含脂质的细胞的根源是在不会在非富含脂质细胞中诱发结晶的温度下，高度饱和脂肪酸会局部结晶。晶体会破裂富含脂质细胞的双层膜，选择性地使这些细胞坏死。因此，在富含脂质的细胞中诱发结晶形成的温度下可避免非富含脂质的细胞如真皮细胞的损伤。通过局部寒冷暴露，诱导交感神经系统的刺激，可提高脂解作用。
H.计算机系统软件模块
图11是功能化图表，显示了适用于处理单元114的示例性软件模块940。各组件可以是以常规程序设计语言如C++程序设计语言作为源代码形式书写的计算机程序、过程或进程，可交由处理器942的CPU执行。源代码和目标及字节代码的各种实现形式可储存在计算机可读储存介质上或体现在载波形式的传播介质中。处理器942的模块可包括输入模块944、数据库模块946、处理模块948、输出模块950和任选地显示模块951。在另一个实施方式中，软件模块940可呈递至分布式计算方案中的网络服务器的CPU执行。
操作中，输入模块944接受操作员的输入，例如进程设定点和控制选择，并将接受的信息或选项传送至其它组件，用于进一步处理。数据库模块946组织记录，包括操作参数954、操作员活动956和警报958，并促进这些记录存至数据库952和从数据库检索这些记录。可采用任何类型的数据库组织形式，包括平面文件系统、分层数据库、关系数据库或分布式数据库，例如数据库厂商Oracle公司(Redwood Shores，California)所提供者。
处理模块948基于传感器读数960产生控制变量，输出模块950基于控制变量产生输出信号962。例如，输出模块950可将处理模块948产生的控制变量转换成适用于直流电压调制器的4-20毫安输出信号962。处理器942任选地包括显示模块951，通过诸如输出装置120的装置显示、打印或下载传感器读数960和输出信号962。合适的显示模块951可以是视频驱动器，它能使处理器942在输入装置120上显示传感器读数960。
除非上下文明确地有其它要求，否则，在整个篇说明书和权利要求书中的术语“包括”、“包含”等应按“包含在内”的涵义来解释，而不是“排他”或“穷举”的涵义；也就是说是表示“包括但不限于”。使用单数或复数的词也分别包括复数或单数。当权利要求书在有两个或多个项目的清单中使用“或”字时，这个字涵盖了其所有以下解释：清单中项目的任意一个、清单中的所有项目、和清单中项目的任意组合。
本发明实施方式中的上述详细说明不应解释为穷举性的或将本发明限制在上述精确形式中。上述本发明具体实施方式和实施例是为了阐述的目的，本发明范围内的各种等价改进是可能的，如相关领域技术人员所理解的那样。例如，虽然以给定顺序提供各步骤，可另选的实施方式可以不同的顺序进行各步骤。本文所述各个实施方式可组合以形成其它实施方式。
一般来说，所附权利要求书中使用的术语不应解释为将本发明限制在说明书所述的具体实施方式中，除非上述详细说明清楚限定了这些术语。虽然以特定权利要求的形式提供了本发明的某些方面，发明者考虑任意数量权利要求形式的本发明的诸方面。因此，发明者保留在提交申请后追加其它权利要求的权利，以继续这些额外的权利要求形式，用于本发明的其它方面。
上述各实施方式可组合以提供其它实施方式。说明书中引用和／或在申请数据表中罗列的所有美国专利、美国专利申请公开、美国专利申请、外国专利、外国专利申请和非专利出版物其全部内容参考包括在此。需要时可改进本发明的方面，以采用带有多个冷却元件的冷却装置、多种构型的导热装置、以及各个专利、申请和出版物的概念，以提供本发明进一步的实施方式。
根据上述详细说明可对本发明进行这些或其它改变。一般来说，在所附权利要求书中，所用术语不应解释为将本发明限制在说明书和权利要求书所述的具体实施方式中，而应解释为包括根据权利要求运行的所有冷却。因此，本发明不受公开内容的限制，而是本发明的范围完全由所附权利要求书来确定。

Claims (25)

1.一种冷却装置，用于从具有皮肤的对象皮下富含脂质的细胞除去热量，所述装置包括：
多个冷却元件，彼此铰接以允许所述元件彼此相对旋转，其中，所述冷却元件具有皮肤界面表面且被构造成能够去除热量以使所述富含脂质的细胞受实质性影响而非富含脂质的细胞不受实质性影响；和
固位装置，以将所述冷却装置可释放地保持在对象上以使所述冷却元件能够从所述富含脂质的细胞中去除热量。
2.如权利要求1所述的冷却装置，其特征在于，所述冷却元件之间的角度可从约0°旋转到约45°。
3.如权利要求1所述的冷却装置，其特征在于，所述冷却装置形成贴合对象的弧形形状。
4.如权利要求1所述的冷却装置，其特征在于，所述冷却元件还包括与所述界面构件热连通的流体室和多个与所述流体室流体连通的流体端口，所述流体端口被构造成允许流体循环通过流体室。
5.如权利要求4所述的冷却装置，其特征在于，与流体室连通的所述流体循环通过一将所述流体冷冻的装置，
其中，所述流体室为蜿蜒形状，
其中，所述冷却元件流体串联。
6.如权利要求1所述的冷却装置，其特征在于，所述装置还包括施用在冷却装置和对象皮肤间界面上的导热偶联剂，以增加冷却装置与对象皮肤间的导热率。
7.如权利要求1所述的冷却装置，其特征在于，所述多个冷却元件中的每一个均具有与相应的界面构件热连通的第一面和与相应的热电热交换器热连通的与所述第一面相反的第二面，所述冷却元件被构造成能够降低目标区温度以使该区中富含脂质的细胞受影响而靠近所述热交换表面的非富含脂质的细胞不受显著影响。
8.如权利要求1所述的冷却装置，其特征在于，所述装置还包括靠近所述界面构件中的至少一个的传感元件。
9.如权利要求1所述的冷却装置，其特征在于，所述装置还包括：
靠近所述界面构件中至少一个的第一温度传感元件，用于检测相应界面构件的温度；和
靠近所述界面构件中至少一个的第二温度传感元件，用于检测对象皮肤的温度。
10.如权利要求1所述的冷却装置，其特征在于，所述铰链是活动铰链。
11.一种用于从皮下富含脂质的细胞除去热量的系统，所述系统包括：
多个可彼此相对运动的可旋转冷却元件，热连接于多个热电冷却装置及相对应的包含在区段框架上的多个热交换元件，所述热交换元件可旋转并被构造成能够降低在对象表皮下的目标区的温度以降低该区中富含脂质细胞的温度，使得富含脂质的细胞受到实质性影响而表皮中非富含脂质的细胞基本上不受实质性影响；和
流体联接于所述冷却装置的流体室，用于消散冷却装置产生的热量。
12.如权利要求11所述的系统，其特征在于，所述系统还包括：
与所述流体室热连通且被构造成能够给所述冷却装置提供冷却剂的冷却单元；和
在所述冷却单元和所述冷却装置之间的流体管线，使得所述冷却装置与所述冷却单元流体连通。
13.如权利要求11所述的系统，其特征在于，所述冷却装置还包括靠近所述热交换表面中的至少一个的传感元件，所述系统还包括：
与所述传感元件电连通的处理器，它被配置成能够将来自传感元件的电信号转化为操作参数；和
与所述处理器电连接的数据库，以储存所述操作参数。
14.如权利要求13所述的系统，其特征在于，所述处理器包括能够基于操作参数控制目标区温度的控制模块，其中，基于选择的空间温度分布曲线控制所述目标区温度。
15.如权利要求13所述的系统，其特征在于，所述处理器包括用于基于操作参数控制目标区温度的控制模块，其中，所述目标区温度基于预定的随时间变化的分布曲线控制。
16.一种用于从具有皮肤的对象皮下富含脂质的细胞除去热量的冷却装置，所述装置包括：
多个冷却元件，包括热电冷却元件，每一个所述冷却元件可相对于相邻冷却元件运动，它被构造成降低在对象皮肤下的目标区的温度以降低该区中富含脂质细胞的温度，使得富含脂质的细胞受到实质性影响而表皮中非富含脂质的细胞基本上不受实质性影响；和
能够包裹围绕对象的柔性基板，其中，所述多个冷却元件固定地设置在所述基板上，使得当所述基板包裹围绕所述对象时，所述多个冷却元件中的每一个能够接触所述对象以影响所述富含脂质的细胞；
其中，所述冷却装置可贴合所述对象的皮肤。
17.如权利要求16所述的冷却装置，其特征在于，所述冷却元件具有边缘，相邻冷却元件的边缘保持基本相互平行。
18.如权利要求16所述的冷却装置，其特征在于，所述冷却元件可相对于一平面沿至少一个方向旋转。
19.如权利要求16所述的冷却装置，其特征在于，所述冷却元件是热电冷却元件。
20.如权利要求16所述的冷却装置，其特征在于，所述多个冷却元件中的每一个邻近至少一个其它冷却元件定位并铰接附连于所述相邻冷却元件。
21.一种用于从皮下富含脂质的细胞除去热量的系统，所述系统包括：
多个可彼此相对运动的可旋转冷却元件，热连接于多个热电冷却装置及相对应的包含在区段框架上的多个热交换元件，所述热交换元件可旋转并被构造成能够降低在对象表皮下的目标区的温度以降低该区中富含脂质细胞的温度，使得富含脂质的细胞受到实质性影响而表皮中非富含脂质的细胞不受实质性影响；和
流体联接于所述冷却装置的流体室，用于消散冷却装置产生的热量，
与所述传感元件电连通的处理器，它被配置成能够将来自传感元件的电信号转化为操作参数，
与所述处理器电连接的数据库，以储存所述操作参数，
与所述流体室热连通且被构造成能够给所述冷却装置提供冷却剂的冷却单元，
其中，所述冷却装置还包括靠近所述热交换表面中的至少一个的压强传感元件。
22.如权利要求21所述的系统，其特征在于，所述系统还包括在所述冷却单元和所述冷却装置之间的流体管线，使得所述冷却装置与所述冷却单元流体连通。
23.如权利要求21所述的系统，其特征在于，所述处理器包括能够基于操作参数控制目标区温度的控制模块，其中，基于选择的空间温度分布曲线控制所述目标区温度。
24.如权利要求21所述的系统，其特征在于，所述处理器包括用于基于操作参数控制目标区温度的控制模块，其中，所述目标区温度基于预定的随时间变化的分布曲线控制。
25.如权利要求1、16或21所述的冷却装置，其特征在于，所述冷却元件还包括压强传感器。
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