CN103969604B - Radio frequency atomic magnetometer and its method for measurement NMR signal - Google Patents
Radio frequency atomic magnetometer and its method for measurement NMR signal Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of method of radio frequency atomic magnetometer and its measurement NMR signal, the atom magnetometer includes that NMR system, LASER Light Source, probe and detection means, the LASER Light Source, probe and detection means connect and compose the detection part of atom magnetometer by laser optical path；In the presence of methods described is included in NMR system, sample produces the free induction decay signal of a nuclear magnetic resonance or nuclear quadrupole resonance；The pump light that LASER Light Source is produced is entering rubidium atomic air chamber after expanding, and carries out pumping to rubidium atom vapor；In the presence of free induction decay signal, the angle of polarization of incident pump light is modulated, and detects the polarization angle modulation of outgoing pump light, by analyzing angle of polarization modulation intelligence to determine the frequency content of free induction decay signal, so as to obtain the information of sample.Magnetometer simple structure of the present invention, sensitivity are high, technology is realized requiring low, low in energy consumption, can be used to detect the RF magnetic field produced by NMR system.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of atom magnetometer, especially a kind of radio frequency atomic magnetometer and its measurement NMR signal
Method, belong to magnetic detection technical field.
Background technology
In modern science and technology, the application of magnetic spy survey technology widely, such as in medical science, military affairs, industry and geophysics
Etc. aspect have very important application, so the detection in magnetic field is a very important technology, and in magnetic detection field
Often need to use high-sensitivity atomic magnetometer.
The general principle of atom magnetometer be using a branch of Light polarizing alkali metal atom, and using another light beam detect by pole
Change component of the atomic spin in detection light direction, realize atomic weak magnetic field testing.Atom magnetometer is as its sensitivity is high, device
Simply, the advantages of technology realizes low condition, small power consumption causes extensive concern, and there is development prospect very much.But current laboratory
The atom magnetometer for using also is rested in the static low-intensity magnetic field of measurement mostly, and actually many applications, such as nuclear magnetic resonance
(including nuclear quadrupole resonance) and magnetic resonance imaging, require RF magnetic field to be detected, i.e. time-varying magnetic field.Accordingly, it is desirable to provide
A kind of device of measurement time-varying magnetic field, i.e., a kind of atom magnetometer that can measure NMR signal.
Content of the invention
The invention aims to solving the defect of above-mentioned prior art, there is provided a kind of simple structure, sensitivity are high
Radio frequency atomic magnetometer.
Another object of the present invention is to providing a kind of method that above-mentioned atom magnetometer measures NMR signal.
The purpose of the present invention can be reached by adopting the following technical scheme that：
Radio frequency atomic magnetometer, including NMR system, LASER Light Source, probe and detection means, the LASER Light Source,
Probe and detection means connect and compose the detection part of atom magnetometer by laser optical path, wherein：
Free induction decay signal, or make solid sample produce the free induction decay signal of a nuclear quadrupole resonance；
The NMR system, for making fluid sample produce a nuclear magnetic resonance
The LASER Light Source, for producing the pump light of linear polarization by laser instrument；
The probe, for sensing the free induction decay signal of sample, free induction decay signal can make incident pump
The plane of polarization rotation of light changes；
The detection means, for detecting the polarization angle modulation of outgoing pump light, by analyze angle of polarization modulation intelligence with
Determine the frequency content of free induction decay signal, so as to obtain the information of sample.
Used as a kind of preferred version, the NMR system includes the first current source, the first Helmholtz coil/permanent magnetism
Iron, radio-frequency coil and radio-frequency signal generator, the first Helmholtz coil of first driven with current sources/permanent magnet produce leading magnetic
?；The radio-frequency coil is placed transverse to dominant magnetic field, and is connected with radio-frequency signal generator, for producing RF magnetic field；The sample
When product are fluid, sample is concurrently placed in dominant magnetic field through radio-frequency coil after a prepolarization module pre-polarizing, and
The free induction decay signal of a nuclear magnetic resonance is produced under the collective effect of dominant magnetic field and RF magnetic field；The sample is solid
During body, dominant magnetic field is removed, sample produces a nuclear quadrupole resonance directly through radio-frequency coil, in the presence of RF magnetic field
Free induction decay signal.
Used as a kind of preferred version, the probe is placed in a bias magnetic field, includes rubidium atom vapor including one
Rubidium atomic air chamber, the rubidium atomic air chamber are placed near sample, and are placed in an insulating box to carry out temperature control, described
Magnetic shielding device is placed with outside insulating box, and the magnetic shielding device is made up of three nested metal levels；The bias magnetic field by
Second the second Helmholtz coil of driven with current sources/permanent magnet is produced.
Used as a kind of preferred version, the rubidium atomic air chamber cylindrical form, inside vacuumizes, inwall coats paraffin painting
Layer, and it is being respectively provided on two sides with incident optical port and outgoing optical port.
A kind of frequency of the pump light produced as preferred version, the LASER Light Source is locked in rubidium atom D1 line F=3
At the resonance line of → F '=2, optical maser wavelength is 794.8nm.
Used as a kind of preferred version, three nested metal levels are three groups of nested Helmholtz coils.
Used as a kind of preferred version, the detection means is placed in outside outgoing optical port, including polarization splitting prism, two pole of photoelectricity
Outgoing pump light is divided into the light of two polarization states for pipe, change-over circuit and signal processing module, the polarization splitting prism, by
Photodiode becomes optical signal into electric signal, after poor, amplification that converted circuit is made and filtering, accesses signal with lock-in amplifier
Processing module is processed.
Used as a kind of preferred version, the polarization splitting prism adopts wollaston prism.
Another object of the present invention can be reached by adopting the following technical scheme that：
The method that radio frequency atomic magnetometer measures NMR signal, comprises the following steps：
1) when sample is fluid, sample is concurrently placed at through radio-frequency coil after a prepolarization module pre-polarizing
In dominant magnetic field, connecting radio-frequency signal generator makes radio-frequency coil produce the Larmor frequency phase of RF magnetic field, sample and RF magnetic field
Nuclear magnetic resonance can occur simultaneously, absorb magnetic field energy and energy level transition occurs, while producing the free induction of a nuclear magnetic resonance
Deamplification；When sample is solid, dominant magnetic field is removed, directly through radio-frequency coil, connect radio-frequency signal generator makes to penetrate sample
Frequency coil produces RF magnetic field, produces the free induction decay signal of a nuclear quadrupole resonance in the presence of RF magnetic field；
2) be passed through thermal current in insulating box, the temperature of rubidium atom vapor in rubidium atomic air chamber is controlled 40 DEG C～80
℃；The pump light that LASER Light Source is produced enters rubidium atomic air chamber by incident optical port, rubidium atom vapor is carried out after expanding
Pumping, makes rubidium atom vapor be in the abundant aligned condition of quadrupole moment；
3) in the presence of free induction decay signal, the plane of polarization rotation of the pump light in rubidium atomic air chamber becomes
Change, the angle of polarization of pump light is modulated, now the pump light is divided into after polarization splitting prism by outgoing optical port outgoing
The light of two polarization states, becomes optical signal into electric signal by photodiode, after poor, amplification that converted circuit is made and filtering,
Signal processing module is accessed with lock-in amplifier to be processed, the power relatively of the light of two kinds of compositions is obtained, it follows that pumping
The angle of polarization anglec of rotation of light, and then angle of polarization modulation intelligence is obtained, polarization oscillatory response passes through in free induction decay signal
Analysis angle of polarization modulation intelligence, completes to survey so as to obtain the information of sample to determine the frequency content of free induction decay signal
Amount.
Specifically, step 3) plane of polarization angle, θ of the pump light after outgoing optical port outgoing be expressed as follows：
θ∝lcrenRbfD1PxL(υ)
Wherein, l is length of the pump light through rubidium atomic air chamber, and c is the light velocity, reFor atom classics radius, nRbFormer for rubidium
Sub- density, fD1For the resonance integral constant of D1 lines, PxBe atom polarization detection light direction projection, L (υ) be Lorentz lorentz's line
Type.
The present invention has following beneficial effect relative to prior art：
1st, radio frequency atomic magnetometer simple structure of the invention, it is only necessary to NMR system, LASER Light Source, probe and inspection
Survey device four part composition, and technology is realized requiring low, low in energy consumption, can detect the quick time-varying magnetic field (radio-frequency magnetic such as vibration
) signal, can be used for detect NMR system produced by RF magnetic field, such as nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), nuclear quadrupole resonance
And magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) etc. (NQR).
2nd, radio frequency atomic magnetometer of the invention is sensed using rubidium atom pair field signal, due to the energy level of rubidium atom
The change in i on population magnetic field to external world is very sensitive, and ionic fractional abundance affects very big, Jin Erying to the absorptivity of incident laser
Ring laser polarization rotation, therefore have sensitivity high the characteristics of.
3rd, the environmental condition needed for radio frequency atomic magnetometer of the invention is not harsh, it is only necessary to less than 100 DEG C, more than room temperature
Normal work by temperature, can be widely applied to experiment indoor.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the radio frequency atomic magnetometer structural principle block diagram of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is the NMR system structural representation in the radio frequency atomic magnetometer of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is the detection part structural representation in the radio frequency atomic magnetometer of the present invention.
Wherein, 1- NMR systems, 2- LASER Light Sources, 3- are popped one's head in, 4- detection means, the first current sources of 5-, 6- first
Helmholtz coil, 7- radio-frequency coils, 8- radio-frequency signal generators, 9- samples, 10- rubidium atomic air chambers, 11- insulating boxs, the second electricity of 12-
Stream source, the second Helmholtz coils of 13-, the 3rd Helmholtz coils of 14-, the 4th Helmholtz coils of 15-, the 5th last of the twelve Earthly Branches nurses of 16-
Hereby coil suddenly, 17- polarization splitting prisms, 18- photodiodes, 19- change-over circuits, 20- signal processing modules, B0- leading magnetic
, B1- bias magnetic field.
Specific embodiment
Embodiment 1：
As shown in FIG. 1 to 3, the radio frequency atomic magnetometer of the present embodiment includes NMR system 1, LASER Light Source 2, visits
3 and detection means 4, the LASER Light Source 2, probe 3 and detection means 4 connect and compose atom magnetometer by laser optical path
Detection part, wherein：
The NMR system 1 includes that the first current source 5, the first Helmholtz coil 6, radio-frequency coil 7 and radio frequency are sent out
Raw device 8, first current source 5 drive the first Helmholtz coil 6 to produce dominant magnetic field B0；The radio-frequency coil 7 transverse to
Dominant magnetic field B0Place, and be connected with radio-frequency signal generator 8；The NMR system 1 can make sample 9 produce a sensing letter
Number, when sample 9 be fluid when, be improve sensitivity, sample 9 after a prepolarization module pre-polarizing, through radio-frequency coil 7
It is concurrently placed at dominant magnetic field B0In, connecting radio-frequency signal generator 8 makes radio-frequency coil 7 produce RF magnetic field, and the magnetic moment of sample 9 is leading
Magnetic field B0With in the presence of RF magnetic field around dominant magnetic field B0Larmor precession is done, in Larmor's frequency of sample 9 and RF magnetic field
Rate can occur nuclear magnetic resonance when identical, absorb magnetic field energy and energy level transition occurs, while producing the freedom of a nuclear magnetic resonance
Sensing deamplification；When sample 9 is solid, dominant magnetic field B is removed0, sample 9 is directly through radio-frequency coil 7, connection radio frequency
Raw device 8 makes radio-frequency coil 7 produce RF magnetic field, produces the free induction of a nuclear quadrupole resonance in the presence of RF magnetic field
Deamplification；
The Laser Power Devices 2 produce pump light using ECLD, and laser device laser wavelength used is
794.8nm；
The probe 3 is placed in a bias magnetic field B1In, including a rubidium atomic air chamber 10, the rubidium atomic air chamber (rubidium
Bubble) 10 cylindrical forms, inside vacuumizes, inwall is coated paraffin coating to extend the atom polarization time, be put into rubidium (85Rb) atom
Steam, and incident optical port and outgoing optical port is being respectively provided on two sides with to keep the feasibility of light path, rubidium atomic air chamber 10 is near sample
Product 9 are placed with induced signal to greatest extent, and are placed in an insulating box 11, are passed through thermal current to meet temperature conditionss,
In the course of the work, rubidium atom vapor can be heated to about 80 DEG C from 40 DEG C；The bias magnetic field B1Driven by the second current source 12
Dynamic second Helmholtz coil 13 is produced；Magnetic shielding device is placed with outside the insulating box 11, the magnetic shielding device is provided
Magnetic screen environment, is made up of three groups of nested Helmholtz coils, respectively the 3rd Helmholtz coil 14, the 4th Helmholtz
Coil 15 and the 5th Helmholtz coil 16, every group of coil can produce the magnetic field of any direction, and the magnetic field for producing is vertical
In other coils so that three components in magnetic field are controlled；
The Frequency Locking of pump light can be existed by ECLD using saturated absorption spectral technology85Rb atom D1 lines
At the resonance line of F=3 → F '=2, the pump light of output enters rubidium atomic air chamber 10 by incident optical port, and rubidium atom vapor is carried out
Pumping, makes rubidium atom vapor in the abundant aligned condition of quadrupole moment, due to polarization angle modulation and the sample 9 of pump light produce from
Relevant by sensing deamplification, in the presence of free induction decay signal, the polarization of the pump light in rubidium atomic air chamber 10
Face rotation changes, i.e. the angle of polarization of pump light is modulated, and can detect the polarization angle modulation of pump light by detection means 4
Information, and then angle of polarization modulation intelligence is analyzed to determine the frequency content of free induction decay signal, so as to obtain the letter of sample 9
Cease, therefore pump light is used as detecting light；In the course of work, optimal laser power depends on the original in rubidium atomic air chamber 10
Sub- density and relaxation rate, can change between the 40 μ W of μ W to 80；
The detection means 4 is placed in outside outgoing optical port, including polarization splitting prism 17, photodiode 18, change-over circuit
19 and signal processing module 20, the polarization splitting prism 17 adopts wollaston prism；Pumping in rubidium atomic air chamber 10
By outgoing optical port outgoing, after outgoing, anglec of rotation θ of its plane of polarization is expressed as follows light：
θ∝lcrenRbfD1PxL(υ)
Wherein, l is length of the pump light through rubidium atomic air chamber, and c is the light velocity, reFor atom classics radius, nRbFormer for rubidium
Sub- density, fD1For the resonance integral constant of D1 lines, PxBe atom polarization detection light direction projection, L (υ) be Lorentz lorentz's line
Type；
Pump light after outgoing is divided into the light of two polarization states after polarization splitting prism 17, by photodiode 18
Optical signal is become electric signal, after poor, amplification that converted circuit 19 is made and filtering, signal processing module is accessed with lock-in amplifier
20 are processed, and are obtained the power relatively of the light of two kinds of compositions, it follows that the angle of polarization anglec of rotation of pump light, and then are obtained
Angle of polarization modulation intelligence, analyzes angle of polarization modulation intelligence to determine the frequency content of free induction decay signal, so as to obtain sample
The information of product 9.
The radio frequency atomic magnetometer of the present embodiment measures the principle of NMR signal, comprises the following steps：
1) when sample 9 is fluid, sample 9 is put simultaneously through radio-frequency coil 7 after a prepolarization module pre-polarizing
In dominant magnetic field B0In, connecting radio-frequency signal generator 8 makes radio-frequency coil 7 produce the Larmor of RF magnetic field, sample 9 and RF magnetic field
Frequency can occur nuclear magnetic resonance when identical, that is, absorb magnetic field energy and energy level transition occurs, while producing a nuclear magnetic resonance
Free induction decay signal；When sample 9 is solid, dominant magnetic field B is removed0, sample 9 directly through radio-frequency coil 7, penetrate by connection
Frequency generator 8 makes radio-frequency coil 7 produce RF magnetic field, produces the freedom of a nuclear quadrupole resonance in the presence of RF magnetic field
Sensing deamplification；
2) be passed through thermal current in insulating box 11, control the temperature of rubidium atom vapor in rubidium atomic air chamber 10 40 DEG C～
80℃；The pump light that LASER Light Source 2 is produced enters rubidium atomic air chamber 10 after expanding by incident optical port, and rubidium atom is steamed
Vapour carries out pumping, makes rubidium atom vapor be in the abundant aligned condition of quadrupole moment；
3) in the presence of free induction decay signal, the plane of polarization of the pump light in rubidium atomic air chamber 10 revolves
Turn, i.e. the angle of polarization of pump light is modulated, now the pump light passes through outgoing optical port outgoing, after polarization splitting prism 17
Be divided into the light of two polarization states, optical signal become electric signal by photodiode 18, converted circuit 19 make poor, amplification and
After filtering, signal processing module 20 is accessed with lock-in amplifier and is processed, obtain the power relatively of the light of two kinds of compositions, thus
Show that the angle of polarization modulation intelligence of pump light, polarization oscillatory response polarize angle modulation in free induction decay signal by analyzing
Information, completes to measure so as to obtain the information of sample 9 to determine the frequency content of free induction decay signal.
Embodiment 2：
The present embodiment is mainly characterized by：The dominant magnetic field B0With bias magnetic field B1Can be produced using permanent magnet.Its
Remaining same embodiment 1.
In sum, radio frequency atomic magnetometer simple structure of the invention, sensitivity height, technology are realized requiring low, power consumption
Low, the signal of quick time-varying magnetic field can be detected, can be used to detect the RF magnetic field produced by nuclear magnetic resonance device.
The above, patent preferred embodiment only of the present invention, but the protection domain of patent of the present invention is not limited to
This, any those familiar with the art in the scope disclosed in patent of the present invention, according to the skill of patent of the present invention
Art scheme and its inventive concept equivalent or change in addition, belong to the protection domain of patent of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. radio frequency atomic magnetometer, it is characterised in that：Including NMR system, LASER Light Source, probe and detection means, described
LASER Light Source, probe and detection means connect and compose the detection part of atom magnetometer by laser optical path, wherein：
The NMR system, for making fluid sample produce the free induction decay signal of a nuclear magnetic resonance, or makes solid
Body sample produces the free induction decay signal of a nuclear quadrupole resonance；
The LASER Light Source, for producing the pump light of linear polarization by laser instrument；
The probe, for sensing the free induction decay signal of sample, free induction decay signal can make incident pump light
Plane of polarization rotation changes；The probe is placed in a bias magnetic field, including a rubidium atom for including rubidium atom vapor
Air chamber, the rubidium atomic air chamber are placed near sample, and are placed in an insulating box to carry out temperature control, the insulating box
Magnetic shielding device is placed with outward；The rubidium atomic air chamber cylindrical form, inside vacuumizes, inwall coats paraffin coating, and
It is respectively provided on two sides with incident optical port and outgoing optical port；
The detection means, for detecting the polarization angle modulation of outgoing pump light, is determined by analyzing angle of polarization modulation intelligence
The frequency content of free induction decay signal, so that obtain the information of sample；The detection means is placed in outside outgoing optical port, including
Polarization splitting prism, photodiode, change-over circuit and signal processing module；
Thermal current is passed through in insulating box, and the temperature of the rubidium atom vapor in control rubidium atomic air chamber is at 40 DEG C～80 DEG C；Laser
The pump light that light source is produced enters rubidium atomic air chamber by incident optical port, carries out pumping to rubidium atom vapor, make after expanding
Rubidium atom vapor is in the abundant aligned condition of quadrupole moment；In the presence of free induction decay signal, in rubidium atomic air chamber
The plane of polarization rotation of pump light changes, and the angle of polarization of pump light is modulated, and now the pump light is gone out by outgoing optical port
Penetrate, be divided into the light of two polarization states after polarization splitting prism, optical signal is become electric signal by photodiode, through turning
After changing poor circuit work, amplification and filtering, signal processing module is accessed with lock-in amplifier and processed, obtain the light of two kinds of compositions
Relatively strong and weak, it follows that the angle of polarization anglec of rotation of pump light, and then obtain angle of polarization modulation intelligence, polarize oscillatory response
In free induction decay signal, by analyzing angle of polarization modulation intelligence to determine the frequency content of free induction decay signal, from
And the information of acquisition sample, complete to measure.
2. radio frequency atomic magnetometer according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：The NMR system includes the first electricity
Stream source, the first Helmholtz coil/permanent magnet, radio-frequency coil and radio-frequency signal generator, first last of the twelve Earthly Branches of the first driven with current sources nurse
Hereby coil/permanent magnet produces dominant magnetic field suddenly；The radio-frequency coil is placed transverse to dominant magnetic field, and is connected with radio-frequency signal generator
Connect, for producing RF magnetic field；The sample be fluid when, sample after a prepolarization module pre-polarizing, through radio frequency
Coil is concurrently placed in dominant magnetic field, and produces a nuclear magnetic resonance oneself under the collective effect of dominant magnetic field and RF magnetic field
By sensing deamplification；The sample be solid when, remove dominant magnetic field, sample directly through radio-frequency coil, in RF magnetic field
In the presence of produce a nuclear quadrupole resonance free induction decay signal.
3. radio frequency atomic magnetometer according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：The magnetic shielding device is nested by three
Metal level is constituted；The bias magnetic field is produced by second the second Helmholtz coil of driven with current sources/permanent magnet.
4. radio frequency atomic magnetometer according to claim 3, it is characterised in that：The pump light that the LASER Light Source is produced
Frequency is locked at rubidium atom D1 line F=3 → F '=2 resonance line, and optical maser wavelength is 794.8nm.
5. radio frequency atomic magnetometer according to claim 3, it is characterised in that：Three nested metal levels are three groups
Nested Helmholtz coil.
6. radio frequency atomic magnetometer according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：The polarization splitting prism adopts Wo Lasi
Pause prism.
7. the method that radio frequency atomic magnetometer measures NMR signal, it is characterised in that comprise the following steps：
1) when sample is fluid, sample is concurrently placed at through radio-frequency coil leading after a prepolarization module pre-polarizing
In magnetic field, connecting radio-frequency signal generator makes radio-frequency coil produce RF magnetic field, when sample is identical with the Larmor frequency of RF magnetic field
Nuclear magnetic resonance can occur, absorb magnetic field energy and energy level transition occurs, while producing the free induction decay of a nuclear magnetic resonance
Signal；When sample is solid, dominant magnetic field is removed, directly through radio-frequency coil, connect radio-frequency signal generator makes radio frequency line to sample
Circle produces RF magnetic field, produces the free induction decay signal of a nuclear quadrupole resonance in the presence of RF magnetic field；
2) thermal current is passed through in insulating box, and the temperature of the rubidium atom vapor in control rubidium atomic air chamber is at 40 DEG C～80 DEG C；Swash
The pump light that radiant is produced enters rubidium atomic air chamber by incident optical port, carries out pumping to rubidium atom vapor after expanding,
Rubidium atom vapor is made to be in the abundant aligned condition of quadrupole moment；
3) in the presence of free induction decay signal, the plane of polarization rotation of the pump light in rubidium atomic air chamber changes,
The angle of polarization of pump light is modulated, and now the pump light is divided into two after polarization splitting prism by outgoing optical port outgoing
The light of individual polarization state, becomes optical signal into electric signal by photodiode, after poor, amplification that converted circuit is made and filtering, uses
Lock-in amplifier accesses signal processing module and is processed, and obtains the power relatively of the light of two kinds of compositions, it follows that pump light
The angle of polarization anglec of rotation, and then obtain angle of polarization modulation intelligence, polarization oscillatory response in free induction decay signal, by point
Analysis angle of polarization modulation intelligence, completes to measure so as to obtain the information of sample to determine the frequency content of free induction decay signal.
8. the method that radio frequency atomic magnetometer according to claim 7 measures NMR signal, it is characterised in that：Step
3) plane of polarization angle, θ of the pump light after outgoing optical port outgoing is expressed as follows：
θ∝lcrenRbfD1PxL(υ)
Wherein, l is length of the pump light through rubidium atomic air chamber, and c is the light velocity, reFor atom classics radius, nRbClose for rubidium atom
Degree, fD1For the resonance integral constant of D1 lines, PxBe atom polarization detection light direction projection, L (υ) be Lorentzian lineshape.
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