CN103976722A - Non-invasive pressure measuring method for esophageal varices - Google Patents
Non-invasive pressure measuring method for esophageal varices Download PDFInfo
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- CN103976722A CN103976722A CN201410224956.XA CN201410224956A CN103976722A CN 103976722 A CN103976722 A CN 103976722A CN 201410224956 A CN201410224956 A CN 201410224956A CN 103976722 A CN103976722 A CN 103976722A
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the field of the medical detection methods and specifically relates to a non-invasive pressure measuring method for esophageal varices. The method comprises the following steps: firstly, an air pump adjustable in air pressure is used for generating an airflow and conveying the airflow to an air delivery pipe, the air delivery pipe gets close to the esophageal varices via a biopsy channel of a gastroscope; the airflow of the air delivery pipe is vertically applied to impact the surface of the varices in a position spaced by a certain distance and the impact pressure of the airflow is gradually increased; at the moment when a vascular wall is just compressed flatly, the tension vector of the vascular wall is parallel to the vascular wall, and at this moment, the impact force of the airflow is equal to the pressure of the vein. The method is used for realizing truly non-invasive pressure measurement by virtue of non-contact detection, namely compressing the blood vessels by use of the airflow. The method is capable of effectively avoiding interference caused by the varices of various forms on pressure measurement; provided by bionic verification tests and animal experiments, the method is high in accuracy and has clinical use value.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to medical detecting method field, be specifically related to a kind of esophageal variceal vein noinvasive pressure testing method.
Background technology
Esophageal varicosis (EV) is a kind of common complication of patient with liver cirrhosis, and the liver cirrhosis patient of half left and right is existing esophageal varicosis in the time making a definite diagnosis liver cirrhosis.The cardinal symptom of EV be break hemorrhage, and higher grade of liver function patient, its EV hemorrhage mortality rate that breaks is higher.Therefore for liver cirrhosis patient, how to find in time the hemorrhage high-risk group of EV, look-ahead bleeding tendency is also formulated rational therapeutic scheme and is just seemed particularly important.
Since the fifties in last century, show that about numerous researchs of esophageal variceal vein pressure too high esophageal variceal vein pressure is the principal element that causes that rupture of esophageal varices is hemorrhage.Various countries scholar generally believes that esophageal variceal vein pressure is hemorrhage independent factor and golden index of prediction.This pressure can reflect the hemodynamic situation of cirso-, and is proportionate with antiotasis and azygos vein blood flow, and almost irrelevant with portal venous pressure.The result of utilizing respiratory pressure measuring principle to carry out the adherent Manometric Studies of EV shows, in the time of esophageal variceal vein pressure >14mmHg, hemorrhage incidence rate exceedes 39%, only has 9% patient that Esophagus venous bleeding occurs when pressure <14mmHg.
There are two large class technology and all under scope, carry out i.e. intravenous pressure measurement and vein measuring pressure from outside in human body esophageal variceal vein piezometry at present.The former measures pressure by fine needle aspiration cirso-, is the recognized standard pressure testing method, is first reported by Palmer in nineteen fifty-one.But the method has its fatal weakness in scientific research and clinical practice: the firstth, can not repeat pressure measurement; Second has 1/3 patient to cause massive hemorrhage because of puncture; The 3rd is that puncture pressure measuring can cause that antibacterial infects.So the method seldom adopts at present.Manometric technique outside vein is the focus of studying at present
[i].Nineteen eighty-two Switzerland scholar Mosimann utilizes respiratory pressure principle to invent the technology of the adherent pressure measurement of esophageal variceal vein, and its principle is: because varicose vein wall is very thin, and do not have peripheral tissues to support, it is intrinsic pressure that the pressure of therefore oppressing vein just equals vein.Afterwards, various countries scholar is devoted to the clinical application research of this technology and updates this technology, changes the air of inputting in gas return path into nitrogen on the one hand and solidifies to prevent water steam, on the other hand probe is done less and less
[ii].Switzerland scholar in 1987, according to cuff pressure measuring principle, after utilizing transparent gasbag compressing esophageal variceal vein to blood vessel to subside, detects air bag intrinsic pressure, utilizes this mode to detect the pressure of esophageal variceal vein.Although these two kinds of methods have Non-Invasive feature, still have defect separately.
There are two large class technology and all under scope, carry out i.e. intravenous pressure measurement and vein measuring pressure from outside in human body esophageal variceal vein piezometry at present.Intravenous pressure measurement is puncture pressure measuring, is the recognized standard pressure testing method, but the method existence can not repeat pressure measurement, puncture easily causes the shortcoming such as massive hemorrhage or antibacterial infection.Vein measuring pressure from outside technology is current study hotspot.Comprise at present two large classes: the one, the technology of the adherent pressure measurement of esophageal variceal vein, another kind is air bag manometry.
In the pressure testing method existing at present, though have Non-Invasive feature, current existing method still has following deficiency:
Although a) adherent pressure measurement noinvasive, but belong to contact type measurement, pressure measurement process comprise eject the contact of air bag, Chong Qi Stickers wall, pressurising is measured, is received the processes such as capsule, has the intrinsic inconvenience of contact type measurement mode, as test process is long, air bag and blood vessel wall friction cause break hemorrhage etc.;
What b) see by video image when air bag pressure measurement is air bag inwall, even if air bag is transparent, also exists reflectively, and the problem such as absorption spectrum is inconsistent, can't see real biological endoscopic picture, is not easy to doctor's visual Diagnosis;
C) when air bag pressure measurement, air bag is not only close to tested vein, also oppresses whole esophagus inner chamber, and total force is large, causes tested vein blood vessel integrated moving, and state changes, and causes measurement error;
D) rely on video image to judge the state that vein " just subsides " when air bag pressure measurement, because pick-up lens is uncertain to the visible sensation distance at vein collapse place, cause the amplification of image inconsistent, judge that by people or Software of Computer Vision the state of " just subsiding " all exists uncertain error no matter be;
E) existing method visual field is all larger, to tiny cirso-pressure measurement difficulty.
F) esophageal peristalsis impact is measured: existing method is many, and based on PC processing video data, processing procedure is long, have or even process afterwards, in the time that discovery esophageal peristalsis affects measurement data, have little time again to measure;
The hemorrhage golden index of prediction that esophageal variceal vein pressure is generally acknowledged as current scholar, the measuring method of its pressure is of crucial importance.Make a general survey of existing esophageal variceal vein pressure testing method and all need to contact the venous blood tube wall of varicose, likely detect time and blood vessel wall friction cause break hemorrhage.And these methods are all to carry out pressure measurement in the situation that perstriction is subsided, its theoretical premise is that the blood vessel wall thickness of cirso-is assumed to and levels off to unlimited thin idealized state, so just can ignore the impact of vessel wall elasticity on pressure measurement.In fact, thickness and the blood vessel diameter of varicose vein wall vary, and have hardly perfect condition, so that pressure measurement result is difficult to is convincing.Therefore,, for better prediction EV is hemorrhage, need to find a kind of safer, accurate, reproducible endoscopic approach for measuring the pressure of EV.
Symbol description
Summary of the invention
For the deficiencies in the prior art, the present invention aims to provide a kind of esophageal variceal vein noinvasive pressure testing method, and the method is oppressed blood vessel by air-flow, belongs to untouchable detection, has realized noinvasive pressure measurement truly.The interference that this method has avoided the cirso-coming in every shape to cause to pressure measurement effectively simultaneously, by bionical demonstration test and zoopery, show that method accuracy of the present invention is high, has clinical use value.
For solving the problems of the technologies described above, the technical solution adopted in the present invention is:
A kind of esophageal variceal vein noinvasive pressure testing method, concrete steps are:
(1) one end of gas pipeline is placed near esophageal variceal vein through gastroscope passage, keeps the distance s of gas pipeline gas outlet and esophageal variceal vein tube wall constant, described apart from s in the scope of 7mm-15mm; The inner diameter d of described gas pipeline is in the scope of 1.5mm-3mm;
(2) in gas pipeline, pass into air-flow by scalable air pump, the operating current FREQUENCY CONTROL of scalable air pump is in 2.0KHz-30KHz;
(3) when actual pressure measurement, s gets certain value in the scope of 7mm-15mm, gas pipeline inner diameter d is got certain value in the scope of 1.5mm-3mm, by controlling variations in flow, this air-flow is as the vertical vascular compression of finger pressure air-flow, and by gastroscope system synchronous monitoring blood vessel deformation map picture, the stream pressure P1 of the gas pipeline air intake while recording blood vessel wall generation deformation;
(4) ask the pressure P 2 of impacting blood vessel wall, described P2=k P1+b, can obtain P2 by the described P1 substitution of step (3) formula, and wherein k is different and different with the value of s and d from the value of b;
Described formula P2=k P1+b is got by following methods: breather line and measuring cell are placed in the container of an airless impact, the position of ordering at gas pipeline air intake end and Distance Gas Pipeline gas outlet s arranges respectively pressure transducer, the value of s and gas pipeline internal diameter is consistent during with actual pressure measurement, regulate the operating current frequency shift stream pressure of air pump, the record pressure that the stream pressure P1 of gas pipeline air intake and Distance Gas Pipeline gas outlet s are not ordered in the same time, namely impact the pressure P 2 of blood vessel wall, draw relational expression P2=k P1+b between the two, wherein k is different and different with the value of s and d from the value of b,
(5) in the time of blood vessel wall generation deformation, the pressure value P 4=P2 in esophageal variceal vein.
Preferred version: in step (3), described blood vessel wall generation deformation can judge by following two kinds of methods:
Method 1: while laser beam being emitted in the blood vessel wall of surveyed area, the blood vessel wall surface in this region will form a curve, utilize gastroscope figure acquisition system to carry out dynamic collection blood vessel wall surface image, in the time that camber line position changes, be the blood vessel wall generation deformation moment;
Method 2: detect the amount of recess Δ h of blood vessel wall with laser range finder, as 0< Δ h< Δ h
0time be blood vessel wall generation deformation moment, wherein Δ h
0numerical value be 0.1mm.
The amount of recess Δ h measuring method of blood vessel wall described in method 2 is preferably: the flare diameter d of obtaining blood vessel wall generation deformation by laser range finder measurement
1, amount of recess Δ h and reflection laser spot diameter d
1proportional, Δ h=1.02-1.12d
1, can obtain real-time amount of recess Δ h by real-time detection spot diameter d.
Preferred version: in step (4), when s is fixed as 10mm, when gas pipeline internal diameter is fixed as 2mm, P2=0.0685P1-273.231.
Further preferred version: in step (4), when gas pipeline inner diameter d is fixed as 2mm, the operating current frequency of air pump is fixed as 10KHz, changes the value of s in the scope of 7mm-15mm, pressure value P 2 while recording different s point, obtains P2=44328.8835/s-1184.8515.
Below the present invention is further explained and is illustrated
Principle of the present invention is: utilizes the gas shock esophageal variceal vein of atmospheric pressure value controllable adjustable, detects the deformation process of esophageal variceal vein simultaneously, and the pressure data while recording blood vessel deformation, thus draw the pressure of internal blood vessel.First use the air pump of scalable air pressure produce air-flow and be delivered in gas pipeline, gas pipeline is near the biopsy channel of gastroscope arrives esophageal variceal vein.On position at intervals, the vein surface by the air-flow vertical impact of gas pipeline in varicose, and increase gradually impact air pressure.In the surveyed area of cirso-, gravity effect is small negligible, in vertical blood vessel wall direction, has the tension force of gas shock power, intravascular pressure and blood vessel self.The moment being just driven plain in blood vessel wall, the tension force vector of blood vessel wall is parallel to blood vessel wall, now no matter the blood vessel of which kind of type in the vertical direction all without active force.According to mechanical balance principle, now gas shock power just equals vein pressure.In whole measuring process, utilize PaintShop to synchronize with air flow system, catch the stream pressure in the moment of blood vessel generation deformation.
Equipment preferred for this invention and the theoretical basis of pressure testing method are as follows:
As shown in Figure 8, the noinvasive pressure measuring system that the present invention preferably adopts carries out pressure measurement, and this system comprises gastroscope, also comprises finger pressure air-flow probe system, laser range finder; The gas outlet tube of described finger pressure air-flow probe system by gastroscope movable detecting hole stretch into described gastroscope in peep in pipe; The arrival end of described gas outlet tube is provided with the first pressure transducer; The image transmission optical fibre of described laser range finder by described gastroscope movable detecting hole stretch into described gastroscope in peep in pipe; The distance of peeping in the described gas outlet tube port of export, image-carrying fiber bundle end face, described gastroscope between imageing sensor and the esophageal veins to be measured of end surfaces is 7～15mm; Described gastroscope, finger pressure air-flow probe system, laser range finder are all electrically connected with described central processing unit.
The gas outlet tube 1 of described finger pressure air-flow probe system by gastroscope movable detecting hole 2 stretch into described gastroscope in peep pipe 3 in; The arrival end of described gas outlet tube 1 is provided with the first pressure transducer 4; Described laser range finder 5 obtains the flare of esophageal veins wall film under the effect of described finger pressure air-flow probe system by image transmission optical fibre 6, described image transmission optical fibre 6 stretches in described and peeps in pipe 3 through described gastroscope movable detecting hole 2; The esophageal veins image of described imageing sensor collection is sent in central processing unit 8.
Finger pressure air-flow probe system of the present invention comprises the gas bomb 10 that inflator pump 9 and arrival end are communicated with described inflator pump, described gas bomb 10 ports of export are communicated with described gas outlet tube 1 arrival end by pipeline, and pipeline between described gas bomb 10 ports of export and described gas outlet tube 1 arrival end is provided with control damper 11; In described gas bomb 10, be provided with the second pressure transducer 12; Described the second pressure transducer 12, inflator pump 9 are all electrically connected with described central processing unit 8.
The second pressure transducer detects gas bomb internal gas pressure P in real time
0, work as P
0while being less than setting value, central processing unit starts inflator pump inflation, to ensure that gas bomb has enough tolerance and air pressure; When measurement, control control damper and produce triangular wave pulse pneumatic with some cycles, thereby form periodically pulsing air pressure, form finger pressure airflow function in vein blood vessel through gas outlet tube.Gas outlet tube diameter very little (< φ 3mm), act on very nearly (being less than 15mm) of venous blood tube wall, the gross pressure little (<15g) of finger pressure probe vasoactive wall, thereby can not disturb measurand.The operation principle of finger pressure air-flow probe system is: by scalable air pump, produce the adjustable air flow stream of pressure, the impulsive force of air flow stream produces active force to blood vessel wall, simultaneously, according to the functional relationship of the stream pressure at diverse location, finger pressure air-flow probe system gathers the stream pressure of a certain position, thereby can calculate the stream pressure value of other positions.
In the present invention, air reservoir capacity is 3L, adopts the steel plate that thickness is 3MM to make, and surface is through paint baking, safe air pressure 15KG.Air reservoir has four fixed supports, is furnished with rubber buffering mounting seat.On air reservoir with relief valve, drain valve, air reservoir gas outlet is with oil water separator.Drain valve and oil water separator need to regularly do draining blowdown and safeguard.
If finger pressure air-flow probe effect vein blood vessel wall force value is P
2, we are the air pressure P that requires to pulse
2large minor control field meets following formula:
0<P
2<Max P
2 (1)
Max P in formula
2to make blood vessel wall film amount of recess be greater than the corresponding air pressure of the depressions in features degree of depth.
The real-time detected air pressure P of the first pressure transducer simultaneously
1, by finger pressure probe structure and Hydrodynamics Theory, we know:
P
2＝f(P
1，h，φ) (2)
Impose on the air pressure P on vein blood vessel
2not only active air pressure P
1relevant, also relevant with the big or small φ of the relative area of exerting pressure with the distance h of exerting pressure.In this programme, gas outlet tube diameter is less than 3mm, and tracheal diameter impact can be ignored, and is true stable constant value (=10mm) simultaneously, thereby (3-5) formula is converted into by the laser fiber distance measuring sensor distance h that ensures initially to exert pressure:
P
2＝f
1(P
1) (3)
Under definite pressure measurement operating condition, the mode that can demarcate by measured test, obtains (3) formula of expressing with form; In test in the future, we can detect to obtain air pressure P by load cell-1 like this
1value, then look into (3) formula form, obtain pressure valve P on vein blood vessel
2.
Investigate venous blood tube wall part of the force, venous blood tube wall quality and acceleration are all very little, can ignore, and we can obtain equilibrium equation:
P
4＝P
2+P
3 (4)
Wherein:
P
4: be cirso-internal pressure, final measuring object of the present invention;
P
2: for finger pressure air-flow probe acts on the air pressure in cirso-blood vessel wall,
Record P by the first pressure transducer
1after table look-up and obtain;
P
3: for cirso-blood vessel wall film tension force, as the moment P of blood vessel wall generation deformation
3be zero, or be zero in the time that wall film depression and amount of recess are less than depressions in features degree of depth 0.1mm.
Because being adopts pulse pneumatic, in formula (4), each power size is all time dependent, and we should be specifically noted that cirso-blood vessel wall film tension force P
3direction can just can be born, and P
4, P
2direction be constant.
Active flow pressure is 0 o'clock, blood flow in blood vessel wall film constraint blood vessel, P
3for just; In the time that active finger pressure stream pressure increases gradually, P
3for just and gradually diminishing, until be zero; Now cirso-blood vessel wall film starts depression, when reaching depressions in features depth delta h
0time, P
3be still zero; Afterwards, initiatively finger pressure stream pressure continues to increase gradually to MaxP
2, P
3stride across zero point, direction is reversed negative, and value becomes large gradually.
We detect cirso-blood vessel wall film cup depth in real time by laser fiber distance measuring sensor, are less than Δ h when cup depth is greater than zero
0time, have:
P
3＝0 (5)
P
4＝P
2 (6)
The record P that the first pressure transducer is measured this moment
1value, then table look-up and record P
2, obtain cirso-pressure value P by (6) formula
4.
Central processing unit of the present invention adopts OMAP-4430-1GHz double-core Cortex-A9 processor.
Compare with the noinvasive pressure measurement new method adopting and medical treatment at present upper wall-attaching type pressure testing method and air bag pressure testing method used, the present invention has following advantage:
(1) although traditional adherent pressure testing method noinvasive, but belong to contact type measurement, pressure measurement process comprises processes such as ejecting air bag, the contact of Chong Qi Stickers wall, pressurising measurement, receipts capsule, there is the intrinsic inconvenience of contact type measurement mode, as long in test process, air bag and blood vessel wall friction cause break hemorrhage etc.; And in the present invention's noinvasive pressure measurement new method used, utilization be that the impulsive force of air-flow is oppressed blood vessel wall, between the blood vessel of pressure measurement instrument and measurement, there is certain distance, realized non-contact measurement truly.
(2) what in air bag pressure testing method, see by video image is air bag inwall, even if air bag is transparent, also exist reflective, the problems such as absorption spectrum is inconsistent, can't see real biological endoscopic picture, are not easy to doctor's visual Diagnosis, and follow-uply there is researcher to carry out on this basis method improvement, utilize image processing system, relied on instrument to judge image situation, disturbed but be still subject to air bag; And in the present invention, do not exist air bag to disturb, and the optical signalling that produces in blood vessel wall of Laser emission light in research is stronger, even if pick-up lens touches humid gas and produces lens blur, still can capture obvious laser optics signal, strong interference immunity.
(3) when air bag pressure measurement, air bag is not only close to tested vein, also oppresses whole esophagus inner chamber, and total force is large, causes the rearward movement of tissue depression of cirso-entirety that tested vein blood vessel is especially tiny, and state changes, and causes measurement error; And in pressure testing method of the present invention, air flow stream is less, and the part that the main impulsive force producing only acts on blood vessel wall more among a small circle, can not cause that deformation occurs blood vessel wall entirety, thereby can not cause that measuring blood vessel entirety is absorbed in tissue, thereby the error of having avoided vascular pressure to measure.
(4) rely on video image to judge the state that vein " just subsides " when air bag pressure measurement, because vascular compression scope is larger, the position that causes blood vessel " just to subside " is uncertain, the visible sensation distance that makes pick-up lens arrive vein collapse place exists uncertain, cause the amplification of image inconsistent, judge that by people or Software of Computer Vision the state of " just subsiding " all exists uncertain error no matter be; And pressure testing method of the present invention is to carry out pressure measurement under endoscopic probe direct-view, the vessel position of measurement is clear and definite, disturbs thereby got rid of uncertain this class of blood vessel collapse position.
(5) no matter be adherent manometry or air bag manometry, all inevitably can contact the blood vessel of measuring point, due to the blood vessel in organism with and perienchyma be subject to extraneous foreign body and stimulate, probably after contact instrument, there is irritable contraction, thereby cause measurement error; And there is certain distance with blood vessel and perienchyma in the present invention's measuring method used, the not blood vessel of contact measurement position, thus get rid of the irritant reaction of instrument to blood vessel.
(6) pressure testing method of the present invention repeatability better, can repeatedly be measured at short notice, and we carry out fast measurement repeatedly also can wait blood vessel to recover resting state comparatively time, also can greatly avoid measurement error.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the instrument order of connection and each point air-flow pressure measurement schematic diagram;
Fig. 2 is the instrument order of connection and each point air-flow pressure measurement position view;
Fig. 3 is the scatter plot of data of d point air pressure and 1/S;
Fig. 4 is the correlation analysis figure of d point air pressure and 1/S;
Fig. 5 is noinvasive measuring cell force value and bionical blood vessel actual pressure value correlation analysis figure;
Fig. 6 is noinvasive measuring cell force value and myocardium vessel actual pressure value correlation analysis figure;
Fig. 7 is noinvasive measuring cell force value and BL-410 biological function experimental system measured value correlation analysis figure.
Fig. 8 is the noinvasive pressure measuring system structural representation adopting in the embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed description of the invention
Below in conjunction with embodiment, the present invention is described further.
Embodiment 1 basic research, draws the relation between pressure P 2 and the gas pipeline air intake end pressure P1 that impacts blood vessel wall; Draw and impact the pressure P 2 of blood vessel wall and the relation of s, described s is the distance between gas pipeline gas outlet and blood vessel wall.
1, the experiment that air-flow changes by pressure after pipeline
1.1 foundations: breather line and measuring cell are placed in the container of an airless impact, the position of ordering at gas pipeline air intake end and Distance Gas Pipeline gas outlet s arranges respectively pressure transducer, the value of s and gas pipeline inner diameter d is consistent during with actual pressure measurement, regulate the operating current frequency shift stream pressure of air pump, the record pressure that the stream pressure P1 of gas pipeline air intake and Distance Gas Pipeline gas outlet s are not ordered in the same time, namely impact the pressure P 2 of blood vessel wall, draw relational expression P2=k P1+b between the two, wherein the value of k and b is with different change of value of s and d.
1.2 research materials and method
1.2.2 experimental technique
(1) experimental apparatus is installed: each scalable air pump is connected to (seeing Fig. 1) with air-flow output channel, ensures the air-tightness of air-flow output channel; Bonding pressure sensor and receiving system;
(2) demarcate: utilize marking apparatus, the parameter of nominal pressure sensor;
(3) two pressure transducers are placed on respectively to a point and b point, open air pump, the operating current frequency of air pump is strengthened gradually, from 2.0kHz to 20kHz, increase 2.0kHz at every turn, record the situation of change of a, 2 air pressure of b, continuous measurement 5 times;
(4) two pressure transducers are placed on respectively to a point and c point, open air pump, the operating current frequency of air pump is strengthened gradually, from 2.0kHz to 20kHz, increase 2.0kHz at every turn, record the situation of change of a, 2 air pressure of c, continuous measurement 5 times;
(5) disposal data, draws scatterplot, calculates respectively the linear regression equation between a point and b point pressure value, a point and c point pressure value, carries out rectilinear correlation analysis.
1.2.3 statistical method
Adopt IBM SPSS Statistics19 to carry out data management and statistical analysis, measurement data represents with mean ± standard deviation (X ± SD), between two variablees, uses linear regression analysis.
1.3 results and analysis
1.3.1 result:
Table 1-1 air pump operating frequency, a point and b point barometric information table
Table 1-2 air pump operating frequency, a point and c point barometric information table
1.3.2 analyze:
Due to instrument under the output state of 2kHz in holding state, so in the time calculating, data in 2kHz situation are got rid of.
According to table 1-1, calculated line regression equation: Y=0.3115X-288.461 (P<0.0005), two groups of data are in line relevant.Can draw from linear regression equation, b point atmospheric pressure value is subject to the impact of a point atmospheric pressure value, is linear function relation.
According to table 1-2, calculated line regression equation: Y=0.0685X-273.231 (P<0.0005), two groups of data are in line relevant.Can draw from linear regression equation, c point atmospheric pressure value is subject to the impact of a point atmospheric pressure value, is linear function relation.
2, the experiment that while change with gas outlet positional distance, pressure changes
2.1 research backgrounds and principle
This experimentation in a point air pressure homeostasis, while variation apart from S, d point air pressure change situation, specify d point air pressure and the functional relationship apart from s, specify air-flow from flow out gas outlet, the variation of air pressure weakens situation, for the measuring distance of subsequent experimental choice criteria provides experimental basis.
2.2 materials and methods
2.2.2 experimental technique
(1). connect air pump and breather line, gas outlet and baroceptor are fixed on distance adjustment instrument, both initial distances are set as 1mm (Fig. 2)
(2). open air pump, air pump operating frequency is stabilized in to 5kHz, after air pump working stability, command range adjusting apparatus, changes apart from s, increases 2.0mm at every turn, gathers the air pressure numerical value that d is ordered, continuous measurement 5 times by pressure transducer;
(3). regulate air pump, by air pump operating frequency change to 10,15,20kHz, other steps are the same
(4). disposal data, draw scatterplot, d point pressure value is carried out to correlation analysis with 1/s
2.2.3 statistical method
Adopt IBM SPSS Statistics19 to carry out data management and statistical analysis, measurement data represents with mean ± standard deviation (X ± SD), to atmospheric pressure value P
duse linear regression analysis with 1/s.
2.3 results and analysis
2.3.1 result
Table 1-3 is apart from s and d point barometric information information slip
2.3.2 analyze
Draw taking 1/s as X-axis, the scatter plot of data that d point pressure is Y-axis, as shown in Figure 3, from out of shape can the analysis of figure line of Fig. 3, in the situation that air pump power is certain (being that gas outlet air velocity is fixed value), along with 1/s numerical value increasing (be d point more and more level off to position, gas outlet), air pressure is more and more stronger, but in this site of 1/s=0.14, atmospheric pressure value variation tends towards stability gradually.Analyze and consider, the generation of this situation may have following several situation:
(1) along with measurement point is gradually near gas outlet, because pressure transducer too approaches gas outlet, disturbed the circulation of gas, made resistance increment in gas flowing path, air pressure increases slowly
(2) in whole measuring distance, the force value of any one measurement point all can be less than gas outlet, and along with measurement point levels off to gas outlet, its force value of this segment distance has leveled off to position, gas outlet air pressure, can not have obvious increase.
We intercept the data analysis of turning point leading portion, (while being 7mm≤s≤15mm), get in the situation that air pump power is 10kHz, atmospheric pressure value and 1/s are carried out to correlation analysis, see Fig. 4, calculated line regression equation: Y=44328.8835X-1184.8515 (P<0.0005), two groups of data are in line relevant.Can draw from linear regression equation, in the time of 7mm≤s≤15mm, d point atmospheric pressure value is subject to the impact apart from s, is linear function relation with 1/s.
3 discuss
1 data that obtain and correlation analysis by experiment, can specify air-flow when through the certain airflow line of internal diameter, and position, gas outlet air pressure is subject to air intake position effects of air pressure, and both are linear, and linear regression equation is Y=0.3115X-288.461; Be subject to equally air intake position effects of air pressure apart from 1cm position, gas outlet air pressure, both are linear, and linear regression equation is Y=0.0685X-273.231.
2 data that obtain and correlation analysiss by experiment, can be clearly in certain interval range (7mm≤s≤15mm), and atmospheric pressure value is subject to the impact apart from s, is linear function relation with 1/s.This just shows in the situation that air pump power is constant, and in the time of stable distance, air-flow produces atmospheric pressure value can not be changed.
The noinvasive pressure testing method that the present invention is used, what the blood vessel wall of measuring was implemented is non-contact measurement, this just means that pressure transducer cannot directly measure the atmospheric pressure value in blood vessel wall, and the experiment of these chapters and sections has shown in the airflow line of gauge, there is dependency in the pressure that the air-flow of diverse location produces, this just means, can utilize the functional relationship of air-flow between each position, by measuring the stream pressure value of certain some position, and then calculate the atmospheric pressure value of other positions.
4 conclusions
Test by these chapters and sections, show that the present invention's noinvasive pressure testing method used can, according to the functional relationship of air-flow between each position, by measuring the stream pressure value of certain some position, and then calculate the atmospheric pressure value of other positions.
The external bionical blood vessel experiment of embodiment 2 and extracorporeal blood vessel experiment
1 external bionical blood vessel experiment
1.1 materials and methods
1.1.2 experimental technique
(1) simulated blood vessel instrument is positioned over to horizontal level, then the bionical blood vessel of plastic cement material is connected to the reserved pipeline broken ends of fractured bone place of simulated blood vessel instrument, confirm the tight ne-leakage in coupling part.((note standby: simulated blood vessel instrument forms---make a graduated glass tubing of mark, and be fixed on a fixed mount, glass tubing hypomere connects the plastic pipe of a horizontal positioned, the plastic pipe other end connects a tee T, block a section in the middle of plastic pipe, broken ends of fractured bone part is in order to connecting analog blood vessel)
(2) open the three-way valve of simulated blood vessel instrument one end, from glass tubing upper end saline injection, after being drained, air in simulated blood vessel instrument closes three-way valve, now in bionical blood vessel, be full of liquid and expand, its inner pressure regulates and can realize by changing liquid level in glass tubing, and bionical endovascular force value can read glass tubing liquid level scale of living in and draws.
(3) probe of noinvasive pressure measuring system is placed in bionical blood vessel directly over, probe gas outlet distance bionical blood vessel wall 10mm position.Glass tubing liquid level is adjusted to after 5.0cm, opens noinvasive pressure measuring system, the bionical intravascular pressure value that grapher is measured.
(4) according to step (3) method, regulate glass tubing liquid level, increase 5.0cm, until 45.0cm records the measured bionical intravascular pressure value of each noinvasive pressure measuring system simultaneously at every turn.
(5) repeat to test 5 times, paint scatterplot, calculated line regression equation, carries out rectilinear correlation analysis.
1.1.3 statistical method
Adopt IBM SPSS Statistics19 to carry out data management and statistical analysis, measurement data represents with mean ± standard deviation (X ± SD), between two variablees, uses linear regression analysis.
2.2 results and analysis
(1) result:
The table bionical blood vessel liquid level of 2-1 and measured pressure value information slip of the present invention
(2) analyze:
According to conversion pressure formula: 10mmH
20=98.1Pa, becomes the altitude conversion of liquid level after pressure, can draw bionical endovascular force value, the result drawing contrast (table 2-2)
The table bionical intravascular pressure of 2-2 and measured pressure value information slip of the present invention
Noinvasive measuring cell force value and bionical blood vessel actual pressure value correlation analysis, be shown in Fig. 5, calculated line regression equation: Y=1.001X+6.036 (P<0.0005), and two groups of data are in line relevant.
2 extracorporeal blood vessel experiments
2.1 materials and methods
2.1.2 experimental technique
(1) simulated blood vessel instrument is positioned over to horizontal level, then in vitro great saphenous vein blood vessel is connected to the reserved pipeline broken ends of fractured bone place of simulated blood vessel instrument, confirm the tight ne-leakage in coupling part.
(2) open the three-way valve of simulated blood vessel instrument one end, from glass tubing upper end saline injection, after the air in simulated blood vessel instrument is drained, close three-way valve, now in vitro great saphenous vein blood vessel, be full of liquid and expand.
(3) probe of noinvasive pressure measuring system is placed in vitro great saphenous vein blood vessel directly over, probe gas outlet apart from great saphenous vein blood vessel wall 10mm position.Glass tubing liquid level is adjusted to after 5.0cm, opens noinvasive pressure measuring system, the in vitro great saphenous vein intravascular pressure value that grapher is measured.
(4) according to step (3) method, regulate glass tubing liquid level, increase 5.0cm, until 45.0cm records the measured in vitro great saphenous vein intravascular pressure value of each noinvasive pressure measuring system simultaneously at every turn.
(5) repeat to test 5 times, paint scatterplot, calculated line regression equation, carries out rectilinear correlation analysis
2.1.3 statistical method
Adopt IBM SPSS Statistics19 to carry out data management and statistical analysis, measurement data represents with mean ± standard deviation (X ± SD), between two variablees, uses linear regression analysis.
3.2 results and analysis
(1) result:
Table 2-3 myocardium vessel liquid level and measured pressure value information slip of the present invention
(2) analyze:
According to conversion pressure formula: 10mmH
20=98.1Pa, becomes the altitude conversion of liquid level after pressure, can draw the force value in myocardium vessel, the result contrast (table 2-4) drawing:
Table 2-4 myocardium vessel internal pressure and measured pressure value information slip of the present invention
Measured pressure value of the present invention and myocardium vessel actual pressure value correlation analysis, be shown in Fig. 6, calculated line regression equation: Y=1.001X+9.703 (P<0.0005), and two groups of data are in line relevant.
2.4 discuss
In the present embodiment, by utilizing the noinvasive pressure measurement new method of Subject Design, bionical blood vessel and myocardium vessel are carried out to noinvasive pressure measurement.Bionical blood vessel experimental result shows, the force value that noinvasive pressure measuring system is measured and bionical endovascular actual pressure value have good dependency, both are linear: Y=1.001X+8.036 (Y is noinvasive pressure measuring system force value, and X is bionical intravascular pressure value).Meanwhile, extracorporeal blood vessel experimental result shows, the measured force value of noinvasive pressure measuring system is same with actual pressure value in vitro great saphenous vein blood vessel has good dependency, both are linear: Y=1.001X+10.703 (Y is noinvasive pressure measuring system force value, and X is in vitro great saphenous vein intravascular pressure value).The present embodiment shows, this pressure testing method can accurately be measured the pressure in simulated blood vessel, and error is low.
All the time, in medical treatment in existing pressure testing method, though there is Non-Invasive feature, but current two existing large class methods still have some shortcomings, by the experiment of these chapters and sections, we compare noinvasive pressure measurement new method of the present invention and these methods, can find out some advantages of method therefor of the present invention:
The first point: although traditional adherent pressure testing method noinvasive, but belong to contact type measurement, pressure measurement process comprises processes such as ejecting air bag, the contact of Chong Qi Stickers wall, pressurising measurement, receipts capsule, there is the intrinsic inconvenience of contact type measurement mode, as long in test process, air bag and blood vessel wall friction cause break hemorrhage etc.; And in the present invention's noinvasive pressure measurement new method used, utilization be that the impulsive force of air-flow is oppressed blood vessel wall, between the blood vessel of pressure measurement instrument and measurement, there is certain distance, realized non-contact measurement truly.
Second point: what see by video image in air bag pressure testing method is air bag inwall, even if air bag is transparent, also exist reflective, the problems such as absorption spectrum is inconsistent, can't see real biological endoscopic picture, are not easy to doctor's visual Diagnosis, and follow-uply there is researcher to carry out on this basis method improvement, utilize image processing system, relied on instrument to judge image situation, disturbed but be still subject to air bag; And in the present invention, do not exist air bag to disturb, and the optical signalling that produces in blood vessel wall of Laser emission light in research is stronger, even if pick-up lens touches humid gas and produces lens blur, still can capture obvious laser optics signal, strong interference immunity.
Thirdly: when air bag pressure measurement, air bag is not only close to tested vein, also oppress whole esophagus inner chamber, total force is large, causes the rearward movement of tissue depression of cirso-entirety that tested vein blood vessel is especially tiny, and state changes, and causes measurement error; And in pressure testing method of the present invention, air flow stream is less, and the part that the main impulsive force producing only acts on blood vessel wall more among a small circle, can not cause that deformation occurs blood vessel wall entirety, thereby can not cause that measuring blood vessel entirety is absorbed in tissue, thereby the error of having avoided vascular pressure to measure.
The 4th point: rely on video image to judge the state that vein " just subsides " when air bag pressure measurement, because vascular compression scope is larger, the position that causes blood vessel " just to subside " is uncertain, the visible sensation distance that makes pick-up lens arrive vein collapse place exists uncertain, cause the amplification of image inconsistent, judge that by people or Software of Computer Vision the state of " just subsiding " all exists uncertain error no matter be; And pressure testing method of the present invention is to carry out pressure measurement under endoscopic probe direct-view, the vessel position of measurement is clear and definite, disturbs thereby got rid of uncertain this class of blood vessel collapse position.
Embodiment 3 animal blood vessels experiments
1 research background
The vein measuring pressure from outside of esophageal variceal vein has two large classes at present, and one is the adherent manometry of esophageal variceal vein, and another kind is according to the air bag manometry of cuff pressure measuring principle design.Although the outer non-invasive pressure testing method of this two large class vein all has the relevant report of many experiment in vitro, zoopery and clinical trial, confirms that these two kinds of pressure testing methods have clinical meaning and feasibility.But, the two all inevitable esophagus peristaltic contraction, cough, feel sick, the factor such as belch causes the impact on measurement result, be difficult to effectively reduce disturb and improve accuracy, and not yet have pertinent literature and research report how to overcome the measured deviation that this series factor causes at present.And of the present invention group based on air-flow and laser measuring technology new method, be non-contact type pressure testing, do not contact with blood vessel wall, be subject to esophagus motion effects little, by further exploitation and improvement, be expected to break through the difficult problems such as esophagus movement interference.
According to the biological characteristics of esophageal variceal vein, with and the multifactor impact environment of esophagus of living in, we utilize and carry out in animal body postcava pressure measurement, are used as simulating the experiment of esophageal veins pressure measurement.In animal model, postcava is large vein important in blood circulation, owing to having more internal organs and organizing back painstaking effort stream to pass through postcava, the blood flow that this vein is passed through is large, in living animal, folder closes the nearly heart section of its postcava, due to blood backflow obstacle, can make postcava blood pressure fast rise.Thereby can reflux by the postcava of controlling laboratory animal, change fast inferior caval pressure value, and postcava caliber being thick, tube wall is thick compared with other blood vessels, and not cracky is conducive to carry out the experiment under higher blood pressure numerical value.And in testing in animal body, compare with experiment in vitro, postcava is subject to the multifactor impact such as blood flow, internal organs wriggling, not remains static, and there will be activity by a small margin, similar with the esophageal variceal vein in wriggling esophagus.
By previous section, to new pressure testing method system design and preliminary debugging, and extracorporeal blood vessel experiment, shows that the method in vitro in the measurement of blood vessel, has higher accuracy.In the present embodiment, intend carrying out pressure measurement contrast by the postcava blood vessel in animal body, utilize pressure measurement new method of the present invention, contrast traditional vascular puncture pressure testing method, specify the dependency of measuring cell and puncture pressure measuring method, and understand the accuracy of pressure testing method of the present invention to the vessel measurement under nonstatic state, for further animal esophagus blood vessel pressure measurement experiment from now on provides necessary experimental data and basis.
2 materials and methods
2.2 laboratory animal
The laboratory animal instruction policy of formulating in accordance with Ethics Committee of Central South University is tested.6 of rabbit, body weight 2.6 ± 0.4kg, is provided by The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University's animal center.
2.3 experimental technique
(1) anesthesia: in rabbit auricular vein indwelling venous detaining needle, injection procaine, 2mg/kg
(2) after anesthesia, rabbit is fixed on dissecting table, in its abdominal part sterilization preserved skin, does abdominal part median incision, cut after skin, blunt separation subcutaneous fat, Musclar layer, enter abdominal cavity
(3) rabbit intraperitoneal intestinal tube is moved to left side, expose its caval vein, and at caval vein one bifurcation row puncture pressure measuring, place venipuncture indwelling tube, indwelling tube is connected with BL-410 biological function experimental system
(4) in the caval vein proximal part position of coming out, make a call to a toe-in with surgical thread around caval vein, now toe-in can affect venacaval blood backflow, will change caval vein internal blood pressure by controlling toe-in degree of tightness
(5) probe of noinvasive pressure measuring system is placed in exposure caval vein blood vessel directly over, probe gas outlet is apart from blood vessel wall 10mm position, open noinvasive pressure measuring system, record the measured intravascular pressure value of noinvasive pressure measuring system and the measured vascular puncture force value of BL-410 biological function experimental system simultaneously
(6) change caval vein proximal part toe-in degree of tightness, record the measured intravascular pressure value of noinvasive pressure measuring system and the measured vascular puncture force value of BL-410 biological function experimental system simultaneously, paint scatterplot, calculated line regression equation, carries out rectilinear correlation analysis
2.4 statistical method
Adopt IBM SPSS Statistics19 to carry out data management and statistical analysis, between two variablees, use linear regression analysis.3 results and analysis
(1) result:
Table 3-1BL-410 biological function experimental system measured pressure value and measured pressure value information slip of the present invention
(2) analyze:
According to conversion pressure formula: 10mmH20=98.1Pa, the altitude conversion of liquid level is become after pressure, can draw the force value in myocardium vessel, the result contrast (table 3-2) drawing:
BL-410 biological function experimental system measured value and apparatus measures value information slip after table 3-2 unit conversion
Noinvasive measuring cell force value and BL-410 biological function experimental system measured value correlation analysis, be shown in Fig. 7, calculated line regression equation: Y=1.001X+10.820 (P<0.0005), and two groups of data are linear relevant.
4 discuss
In the present embodiment, the noinvasive pressure measurement new method of Subject Design and traditional puncture pressure measuring method are compared.Experimental result shows, the force value that the force value that noinvasive pressure measuring system is measured and BL-410 biological function experimental system are measured has good dependency, both are linear: Y=1.001X+10.820 (Y is noinvasive pressure measuring system force value, and X is the force value that BL-410 biological function experimental system is measured).Experiment shows, noinvasive pressure testing method in movable vessel measurement, can be measured in animal body comparatively accurately.
By the experiment of these chapters and sections, we compare noinvasive pressure measurement new method of the present invention and the two large class vein measuring pressure from outside methods that exist at present, can find out some advantages of method therefor of the present invention:
The first point: no matter be adherent manometry or air bag manometry, all inevitably can contact the blood vessel of measuring point, due to the blood vessel in organism with and perienchyma be subject to extraneous foreign body and stimulate, probably after contact instrument, there is irritable contraction, thereby cause measurement error; And there is certain distance with blood vessel and perienchyma in the present invention's measuring method used, the not blood vessel of contact measurement position, thus get rid of the irritant reaction of instrument to blood vessel.
Second point: due to esophagus peristaltic contraction, cough, feel sick, the factor impact such as belch, the two large class vein measuring pressure from outside methods that exist are at present difficult to effectively reduce disturbs raising accuracy; And the present invention's measuring method used, owing to flutterring fast the moment of grasping blood vessel deformation, record the stream pressure value of instantaneous moment, even blood vessel has activity by a small margin, also can not affect too greatly on measuring, and this measuring method repeatability better, can repeatedly measure at short notice, we carry out fast measurement repeatedly also can wait blood vessel to recover resting state comparatively time, also can greatly avoid measurement error.
Claims (5)
1. an esophageal variceal vein noinvasive pressure testing method, is characterized in that, concrete steps are:
(1) one end of gas pipeline is placed near esophageal variceal vein through gastroscope passage, keeps the distance s of gas pipeline gas outlet and esophageal variceal vein tube wall constant, described apart from s in the scope of 7mm-15mm; The inner diameter d of described gas pipeline is in the scope of 1.5mm-3mm;
(2) in gas pipeline, pass into air-flow by scalable air pump, the operating current FREQUENCY CONTROL of scalable air pump is in 2.0KHz-30KHz;
(3) when actual pressure measurement, s gets certain value in the scope of 7mm-15mm, gas pipeline inner diameter d is got certain value in the scope of 1.5mm-3mm, by controlling variations in flow, this air-flow is as the vertical vascular compression of finger pressure air-flow, and by gastroscope system synchronous monitoring blood vessel deformation map picture, the stream pressure P1 of the gas pipeline air intake while recording blood vessel wall generation deformation;
(4) ask the pressure P 2 of impacting blood vessel wall, described P2=k P1+b, can obtain P2 by the described P1 substitution of step (3) formula, and wherein k is different and different with the value of s and d from the value of b;
Described formula P2=k P1+b is got by following methods: breather line and measuring cell are placed in the container of an airless impact, the position of ordering at gas pipeline air intake end and Distance Gas Pipeline gas outlet s arranges respectively pressure transducer, the value of s and gas pipeline internal diameter is consistent during with actual pressure measurement, regulate the operating current frequency shift stream pressure of air pump, the record pressure that the stream pressure P1 of gas pipeline air intake and Distance Gas Pipeline gas outlet s are not ordered in the same time, namely impact the pressure P 2 of blood vessel wall, draw relational expression P2=k P1+b between the two, wherein k is different and different with the value of s and d from the value of b,
(5) in the time of blood vessel wall generation deformation, the pressure value P 4=P2 in esophageal variceal vein.
2. esophageal variceal vein noinvasive pressure testing method according to claim 1, is characterized in that, in step (3), described blood vessel wall generation deformation can judge by following two kinds of methods:
Method 1: while laser beam being emitted in the blood vessel wall of surveyed area, the blood vessel wall surface in this region will form a curve, utilize gastroscope figure acquisition system to carry out dynamic collection blood vessel wall surface image, in the time that camber line position changes, be the blood vessel wall generation deformation moment;
Method 2: detect the amount of recess Δ h of blood vessel wall with laser range finder, as 0< Δ h< Δ h
0time be blood vessel wall generation deformation moment, wherein Δ h
0numerical value be 0.1mm.
3. esophageal variceal vein noinvasive pressure testing method according to claim 2, is characterized in that, the amount of recess Δ h measuring method of blood vessel wall described in method 2 is: the flare diameter d of obtaining blood vessel wall generation deformation by laser range finder measurement
1, amount of recess Δ h and reflection laser spot diameter d
1proportional, Δ h=1.02-1.12d
1, can obtain real-time amount of recess Δ h by real-time detection spot diameter d.
4. esophageal variceal vein noinvasive pressure testing method according to claim 1, is characterized in that, in step (4), and when s is fixed as 10mm, when gas pipeline internal diameter is fixed as 2mm, P2=0.0685P1-273.231.
5. esophageal variceal vein noinvasive pressure testing method according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, in step (4), when gas pipeline inner diameter d is fixed as 2mm, the operating current frequency of air pump is fixed as 10KHz, in the scope of 7mm-15mm, change the value of s, pressure value P 2 while recording different s point, obtains P2=44328.8835/s-1184.8515.
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