CN103978686A - System for 3D printing of high-molecular material by using system using fiber coupling for outputting laser - Google Patents
System for 3D printing of high-molecular material by using system using fiber coupling for outputting laser Download PDFInfo
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- CN103978686A CN103978686A CN201410181616.3A CN201410181616A CN103978686A CN 103978686 A CN103978686 A CN 103978686A CN 201410181616 A CN201410181616 A CN 201410181616A CN 103978686 A CN103978686 A CN 103978686A
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Abstract
The invention provides a system for 3D printing of high-molecular material by using fiber coupling for outputting a laser. The system is used for improving product quality of high-molecular material 3D printing. Output laser spots of a process-use laser source of a 3D printer is reshaped in a manner of fiber coupling to achieve redistribution of laser beam energy, namely, output laser spots which are originally ring-shaped and gradually diminished in intensity outward from centers is replaced by output laser spots which are uniform in intensity distribution, so that problem that a molded product is liable to warp and deform in a non-uniform temperature field since a high-molecular material is poor in thermal-resistance property is solved. Meanwhile, with a parameter control module, appropriate processing parameters of different high-molecular materials can be obtained, wherein the appropriate processing parameters include laser power and laser scanning speed. With the appropriate processing parameters, energy absorbed by a high-molecular material can match with a required melting energy so that decomposition and gasification, caused by excess processing, of the material are prevented.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to technical field of laser processing, be specifically related to a kind of 3D that prints the application coupling fiber Output of laser of parts quality for optimizing macromolecular material 3D and print macromolecular material system.
Background technology
Laser fast shaping using laser as manufactured energy is the important component part of 3D technology, it is integrated modern scientific and technical results such as cad technique, Numeric Control Technology, laser technology and material science.Be different from traditional removal moulding, amalgamation moulding and be forced to the processing methods such as moulding, laser fast shaping (Laser Rapid Prototyping, LRP) is that the thought based on accumulation moulding is manufactured plastics, pottery, metal and various composite physical model.Laser fast shaping is first with CAD generating three-dimensional physical model, then based on software hierarchy to obtain the 2-D data of each slice, control laser beam powder bed scanned for driving.Laser beam causes powder particle surface fusing in the fuel factor of powder particle surface, together bonded to each other, thereby processes the thin layer that requires shape.Then repave next layer of powder, repeat above process, new one deck and front one deck are sintered together naturally, and successively accumulation forms physical model, finally removes unsintered powder, obtains molded article.
The applicable material ranges of the method is wide, and wherein macromolecular material is one of used main flow material type.For macromolecular material, its subject matter of utilizing Laser Processing moulding to exist is: the energy that the class Gaussian distribution of laser energy can cause irradiated region center to absorb is large, and temperature rise is fast, contraction is large; And peripheral irradiated region absorbs under energy, temperature rise is slow, it is little to shrink.Inconsistent like this contraction distortion meeting makes to produce stress between powder, and warpage occurs.In addition the macromolecular material that, local temperature is crossed eminence easily burns gasification.Existing multiple patents are from the angle of polymer modification, by improving and optimize the preparation technology of powder, to reach the object of improving macromolecular material 3D printing parts quality.The present invention is that the angle of printing laser used from optimizing 3D proposes a solution.
Summary of the invention
The present invention is directed to the problem that causes product buckling deformation in processing of high molecular material process due to the inequality of being heated, provide a kind of 3D that applies coupling fiber Output of laser to print macromolecular material system.This system distributes to realize processing of high molecular material district uniform temperature fields based on improving Laser output Energy distribution, thereby optimizes parts quality.The method is with introducing fiber coupling module in lasing light emitter in processing.The initial laser producing utilizes different modes to be coupled into optical fiber, then passes through optical fibre transmission, is finally exported by the other end of optical fiber.The effect of this fiber coupling module is that order circularizes shape, the intensity output facula that outside gradual change weakens from center becomes the hot spot that even intensity distributes.Concrete summary of the invention is as follows:
A kind of 3D that applies coupling fiber Output of laser prints macromolecular material system.It comprises parameter control module, control system, laser system, scanning system.Parameter control module calculates the parameter of variety classes processing of high molecular material, then this parameter signal is transferred to control system.Control system comprises two control modules: laser power control and sweep speed controller, the two receives respectively corresponding parameter signal.The laser power signal that laser power control basis is received by parameter control module is to laser system transmission power control signal.Sweep speed control system is transmitted sweep speed control signal according to the sweep speed signal being received by parameter control module to scanning system.Laser drive power system received power control signal in laser system, regulates its output current, in order to control the power output of laser instrument; The laser of pulse laser is through the coupling fiber output module output in laser system.Carriage drive system in scanning system receives sweep speed control signal, regulates the rotary speed of the carriage center axle that laser galvanometer is housed, in order to control laser scanning speed.
3D printer machining distributes with LASER Light Source output facula even intensity, under the machined parameters providing in parameter control module, can realize the energy of macromolecular material absorption and required melting energy matches, to prevent that overprocessing from causing material breakdown gasification, improves macromolecular material 3D with this and print parts quality.
Wherein parameter control module calculates the method for the machined parameters of this material and is: the physical characteristic parameter of all kinds of macromolecular materials of input in advance in this parameter control module, and physical characteristic parameter comprises specific heat capacity, proportion, required preheat temperature, the processing temperature that need reach; And in parameter control module, certain laser power and laser scanning speed are set, diameter and the paving powder THICKNESS CALCULATION of parameter control module based on coupling fiber output facula obtains the energy that powder per volume absorbs under single pass, and this absorption Energy Dependence is in laser power and laser scanning speed; Then calculate the required melting energy of powder per volume according to specific heat capacity, preheat temperature and the processing temperature that need reach; If the absorbent energy of single pass process that the melting energy that this is required and previous calculations obtain there are differences, parameter control module is revised laser power and laser scanning speed automatically, repeat again above computational process, until the two energy equivalence, and then obtain best machined parameters.
This control system comprises laser power control, sweep speed controller.The effect of laser power control is to receive the required laser power of processing of high molecular material that parameter control module provides.The effect of sweep speed controller is to receive the required sweep speed of processing of high molecular material that parameter control module provides.
This laser system comprises laser drive power, pulse laser and coupling fiber output module.The instruction of driving power energy receiving control system wherein, sets different operating currents, realizes the adjusting of laser power.Pulse laser wherein can be optical fiber laser or solid state laser, and its power is adjustable continuously between 1-100W, and laser is through coupling fiber output.
This scanning system, it comprises laser galvanometer, and support and carriage drive system galvanometer, that rotary speed is adjustable can be installed.This carriage drive system receiving control system instruction, the rotary speed of change carriage center axle, realizes the adjusting of sweep speed.
The macromolecular material that this system is used comprises nylon 6 (PA6), nylon 66 (PA66), nylon 12 (PA12), polystyrene (PS), acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene (ABS) (ABS), polyimides (PI), polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA), polyethylene (PE), polypropylene (PP), polyformaldehyde (POM), Merlon (PC), polyvinyl chloride (PVC), polybutylene terephthalate (PBT) (PBT), polyphenylene oxide (PPO), PLA (PLA), polyether-ether-ketone (PEEK).
Laser in laser system is through coupling fiber output, can shaping output facula, and realize even intensity and distribute.Described is biography energy silica fibre for the optical fiber being coupled.It comprises HCS (Hard Clad Silica) silica cladded fibre, also referred to as hard clad silica optical fiber; PCS (Plastic Clad Silica) (plastics covering), also referred to as soft pack layer silica fibre; PCS-TECS (Technology Clad Silica) technology enhancement mode covering, also referred to as hard poly-fluorine clad silica fiber.
Laser in laser system is through coupling fiber output, and the coupled modes of optical fiber and laser instrument are direct-coupling, simple lens coupling, three Lens Coupling.Optical fiber head can be treated to spade, hemispherical, taper.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows and utilize the hot spot distributing through the even intensity of coupling fiber output module output to irradiate powder, can realize the irradiated region powder situation of being heated consistent, absorb energy coincidence, thereby avoid local temperature rise too high, there is important industrial application value.And the laser power in native system and laser scanning speed calculate and provide via parameter control module, can realize in laser irradiation time, and the energy that macromolecular material absorbs equals institute's energy requirement, to prevent even generating gasification decomposition of overprocessing.This energy requirement refers to that macromolecular material is risen to the energy of the required absorption of processing temperature by preheat temperature.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the design sketch that uses fiber coupling module.
Fig. 2 is that the 3D of application coupling fiber Output of laser prints macromolecular material system schematic.
Fig. 3 is control system schematic diagram.
Fig. 4 is laser system schematic diagram.
Fig. 5 is scanning system schematic diagram.
Detailed description of the invention
For making the object, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention clearer, below in conjunction with specific embodiment, and with reference to accompanying drawing, the present invention is described in more detail.
2 pairs of systems are carried out entirety description by reference to the accompanying drawings herein.
The present invention utilizes parameter control module to carry out parameter management and control.In this parameter control module, input in advance the physical characteristic parameter of all kinds of macromolecular materials.These physical characteristic parameters comprise specific heat capacity, proportion, required preheat temperature, the processing temperature that need reach.And in parameter control module, certain laser power and laser scanning speed are set.Diameter and the paving powder THICKNESS CALCULATION of parameter control module based on coupling fiber output facula obtains the energy that powder per volume absorbs under single pass.This absorption Energy Dependence is in laser power and the laser scanning speed set.Then calculate the required melting energy of powder per volume according to specific heat capacity, preheat temperature and the processing temperature that need reach.If the absorbent energy of single pass process that the melting energy that this is required and previous calculations obtain there are differences, parameter control module is revised laser power and laser scanning speed automatically, repeat again above computational process, until the two energy equivalence, and then obtain best machined parameters, comprise laser power and laser scanning speed.Then laser power and these two parameters of laser scanning speed are transferred to control system.
One control system, as shown in Figure 3.It comprises laser power control, sweep speed controller.One laser power control acquisition parameter control module provide corresponding to the required laser power of this macromolecular material, for controlling the driving power of laser system, realize the adjusting of laser power.One scan speed control acquisition parameter control module provide corresponding to the required laser scanning speed of this macromolecular material, for the laser galvanometer of gated sweep system, realize galvanometer rotary speed regulate.
One laser system, as shown in Figure 4.It comprises laser drive power, pulse laser and coupling fiber output module.Pulse laser can be optical fiber laser or solid state laser, and its power is adjustable continuously between 1-100W, and laser is through the output of coupling fiber output module.Coupling fiber output module, for the hot spot of shaping Output of laser, plays the object of homogenize hot spot.Its effect as shown in Figure 1.Wherein the coupled modes of optical fiber and pulse laser are direct-coupling, simple lens coupling, three Lens Coupling.Coupling is to pass energy silica fibre with optical fiber, and its optical fiber head can be treated to spade, hemispherical, taper etc., to improve coupling efficiency.Laser drive power is connected with the laser power control in control system.This driving power, with memory storage function, has recorded the corresponding relation of electric current-laser power.The laser power signal that this laser drive power provides according to laser power control, sets corresponding input current automatically, the power output of control impuls laser instrument.
One scan system, as shown in Figure 5.It comprises laser galvanometer, and support and carriage drive system galvanometer, that rotary speed is adjustable can be installed.Carriage drive system is connected with the sweep speed controller in control system.The sweep speed signal that support provides according to carriage drive system, the rotary speed of change carriage center axle, realizes the adjusting of laser scanning speed.
The implementation method of this 3D print system is: first the physical characteristic parameter of the macromolecule material powder of preparation processing is set in parameter control module, and default laser power and laser scanning speed.Calculate suitable laser power and laser scanning speed by parameter control module according to said method.Laser power parameter and laser scanning speed parameter are transferred to control system.Receive respectively respective signal by the laser power control in control system and sweep speed controller, and continue to transfer to corresponding system.Laser drive power in laser system receives laser power signal, sets corresponding operating current.The suitable laser power that laser output power same parameter control module under this operating current calculates matches.Carriage drive system in scanner receives sweep speed signal simultaneously, sets the rotary speed of carriage center axle.The suitable sweep speed coupling that the rotary speed same parameter control module of support calculates.Output of laser, after energy-transmission optic fibre homogenize, incides on galvanometer, then through vibration mirror reflected to the powder of workbench, the 3D printing effect of realizing ideal.
Embodiment 1
The 3D of the application coupling fiber Output of laser shown in application drawing 2 prints macromolecular material system.The present embodiment uses solid pulse laser to carry out 3D to PS (polystyrene) macromolecular material and prints processing.In parameter control module, select " PS (polystyrene) ".Laser output is coupled into the smooth silica fibre of end face of diameter 1mm, and output facula intensity becomes approximate flat-top to distribute, and spot diameter is about 1mm.
Described PS (polystyrene) macromolecular material is 0.5kJ/ (kg*K) than hot melt, proportion 1.0g/cm
3, paving powder thickness 0.1mm, 115 DEG C of powder preheat temperatures, the processing temperature that need reach is 200 DEG C.Choose laser power 20W.Powder volume under the hot spot of 1mm diameter irradiates is 0.08mm3, even based on spot energy distribution, and the energy that in the unit interval, unit volume absorbs is 250J/ (mm
3* S).Choose laser scanning speed 1400mm/s, single pass, the absorbent energy of powder per volume is 0.18J.Powder rises to 200 DEG C by 115 DEG C, need reach the temperature rise of 358K.According to specific heat capacity, unit volume (mm
3) the powder 358K that heats up under Ear Mucosa Treated by He Ne Laser Irradiation, need to absorb energy 0.18J.The laser output power of 20W and the sweep speed of 1400mm/s are transferred to respectively controller corresponding in control system as machined parameters signal, by controller control Laser Power Devices drive system and carriage drive system, ensure that laser power is 20W, laser scanning speed is 1400mm/s.
Embodiment 2
The present embodiment uses solid pulse laser to carry out 3D to ABS (acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene (ABS)) macromolecular material and prints processing.In parameter control module, select " ABS (acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene (ABS)) ".Laser output is coupled into the smooth silica fibre of end face of diameter 1mm, and output facula intensity becomes approximate flat-top to distribute, and spot diameter is about 1mm.
Described ABS (acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene (ABS))) macromolecular material is 1.47kJ/ (kg*K) than hot melt, proportion 1.05g/cm
3, paving powder thickness 0.1mm, 100 DEG C of powder preheat temperatures, the processing temperature that need reach is 210 DEG C.Choose laser power 72W.Powder volume under the hot spot of 1mm diameter irradiates is 0.08mm
3, even based on spot energy distribution, the energy that in the unit interval, unit volume absorbs is 900J/ (mm
3* S).Choose laser scanning speed 1500mm/s, single pass, the absorbent energy of powder per volume is 0.6J.Powder rises to 210 DEG C by 100 DEG C, need reach the temperature rise of 383K.According to specific heat capacity, unit volume (mm
3) the powder 358K that heats up under Ear Mucosa Treated by He Ne Laser Irradiation, need to absorb energy 0.6J.The laser output power of 72W and the sweep speed of 1500mm/s are transferred to respectively controller corresponding in control system as machined parameters signal, by controller control Laser Power Devices drive system and carriage drive system, ensure that laser power is 72W, laser scanning speed is 1500mm/s.
The method realizes irradiated region and absorbs energy and required melting energy equivalence.By homogenize hot spot technology, realize processing conditions identical, progress is identical, thereby suppresses processing work buckling deformation.And by choosing suitable running parameter, avoid overprocessing.
Above-described specific embodiment, further describes object of the present invention, technical scheme and beneficial effect.Institute it should be understood that and the foregoing is only specific embodiments of the invention, is not limited to the present invention, within the spirit and principles in the present invention all, any amendment of making, is equal to replacement, improvement etc., within all should being included in protection scope of the present invention.In addition, the above-mentioned definition to each element and method is not limited in various concrete structures, shape or the mode in embodiment, mentioned, and those of ordinary skill in the art can change simply or replace it.
Claims (6)
1. the 3D that applies coupling fiber Output of laser prints a macromolecular material system, it is characterized in that, this system comprises: parameter control module, control system, laser system, scanning system; Parameter control module calculates the machined parameters of variety classes macromolecular material, and this parameter comprises laser power and laser scanning speed; Then this laser power and laser scanning speed signal are transferred to control system; Control system comprises two control modules: laser power control and sweep speed controller, and the two receives respectively corresponding parameter signal; The laser power signal that laser power control basis receives from parameter control module is to laser system transmission power control signal; Sweep speed controller transmits sweep speed control signal according to the sweep speed signal receiving from parameter control module to scanning system; Laser drive power received power control signal in laser system, regulates its output current, in order to control the power output of the pulse laser in laser system; The laser of pulse laser is through the coupling fiber output module output in laser system; Carriage drive system in scanning system receives sweep speed control signal, regulates the rotary speed of the carriage center axle that laser galvanometer is housed, in order to control laser scanning speed.
2. system according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, the method that parameter control module calculates the machined parameters of this material is: the prior physical characteristic parameter of all kinds of macromolecular materials of input in this parameter control module, and physical characteristic parameter comprises specific heat capacity, proportion, required preheat temperature, the processing temperature that need reach; And in parameter control module, certain laser power and laser scanning speed are set, diameter and the paving powder THICKNESS CALCULATION of parameter control module based on coupling fiber output facula obtains the energy that powder per volume absorbs under single pass, and this absorption Energy Dependence is in laser power and laser scanning speed; Then calculate the required melting energy of powder per volume according to specific heat capacity, preheat temperature and the processing temperature that need reach; If the absorbent energy of single pass process that the melting energy that this is required and previous calculations obtain there are differences, parameter control module is revised laser power and laser scanning speed automatically, repeat again above computational process, until the two energy equivalence, and then obtain best machined parameters.
3. system according to claim 1 and 2, is characterized in that, pulse laser wherein can be optical fiber laser or solid state laser, and its power is adjustable continuously between 1-100W.
4. according to the system described in any one in claims 1 to 3, it is characterized in that, the macromolecular material that this system is used comprises nylon 6 (PA6), nylon 66 (PA66), nylon 12 (PA12), polystyrene (PS), acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene (ABS) (ABS), polyimides (PI), polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA), polyethylene (PE), polypropylene (PP), polyformaldehyde (POM), Merlon (PC), polyvinyl chloride (PVC), polybutylene terephthalate (PBT) (PBT), polyphenylene oxide (PPO), PLA (PLA), polyether-ether-ketone (PEEK).
5. according to the system described in any one in claim 1 to 4, it is characterized in that, be biography energy silica fibre for the optical fiber being coupled, it comprises HCS (Hard Clad Silica) silica cladded fibre, PCS (Plastic Clad Silica) plastic-clad optical fiber, PCS-TECS (Technology Clad Silica) technology enhancement mode cladded-fiber.
6. according to the system described in any one in claim 1 to 5, it is characterized in that, wherein the laser in laser system is through coupling fiber output, and the coupled modes of optical fiber and laser instrument are direct-coupling, simple lens coupling, three Lens Coupling; Optical fiber head can be treated to spade, hemispherical, taper.
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Cited By (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN105034373A (en) * | 2015-07-27 | 2015-11-11 | 北京工业大学 | 3D rapid prototyping device and method adopting moving one-dimensional laser scanning galvanometer |
| CN109353004A (en) * | 2018-09-26 | 2019-02-19 | 杭州先临易加三维科技有限公司 | Spot shaping method, apparatus, computer equipment and storage medium |
| CN110157275A (en) * | 2018-03-26 | 2019-08-23 | 广东华斓汽车材料研究院 | A kind of polyacrylate resins 3D printing material and preparation method thereof |
| CN111781897A (en) * | 2020-07-14 | 2020-10-16 | 上海柏楚电子科技股份有限公司 | Machining control method, control device, machining control system, and storage medium |
| CN113433630A (en) * | 2016-07-17 | 2021-09-24 | Io技术集团公司 | Kit and system for laser-induced material dispensing |
| CN113524501A (en) * | 2021-07-13 | 2021-10-22 | 王香 | High polymer material hot melting terminal |
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| US6930278B1 (en) * | 2004-08-13 | 2005-08-16 | 3D Systems, Inc. | Continuous calibration of a non-contact thermal sensor for laser sintering |
| CN102787333A (en) * | 2012-08-22 | 2012-11-21 | 江苏大学 | Manufacturing method and device for fibre laser and electrochemical complex nanosecond pulse deposition |
Cited By (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN105034373A (en) * | 2015-07-27 | 2015-11-11 | 北京工业大学 | 3D rapid prototyping device and method adopting moving one-dimensional laser scanning galvanometer |
| CN113433630A (en) * | 2016-07-17 | 2021-09-24 | Io技术集团公司 | Kit and system for laser-induced material dispensing |
| CN110157275A (en) * | 2018-03-26 | 2019-08-23 | 广东华斓汽车材料研究院 | A kind of polyacrylate resins 3D printing material and preparation method thereof |
| CN109353004A (en) * | 2018-09-26 | 2019-02-19 | 杭州先临易加三维科技有限公司 | Spot shaping method, apparatus, computer equipment and storage medium |
| CN109353004B (en) * | 2018-09-26 | 2021-07-16 | 易加三维增材技术(杭州)有限公司 | Light spot shaping method and device, computer equipment and storage medium |
| CN111781897A (en) * | 2020-07-14 | 2020-10-16 | 上海柏楚电子科技股份有限公司 | Machining control method, control device, machining control system, and storage medium |
| CN113524501A (en) * | 2021-07-13 | 2021-10-22 | 王香 | High polymer material hot melting terminal |
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