CN103978686B - A kind of 3D applying coupling fiber Output of laser prints macromolecular material system - Google Patents

A kind of 3D applying coupling fiber Output of laser prints macromolecular material system Download PDF

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CN103978686B
CN103978686B CN201410181616.3A CN201410181616A CN103978686B CN 103978686 B CN103978686 B CN 103978686B CN 201410181616 A CN201410181616 A CN 201410181616A CN 103978686 B CN103978686 B CN 103978686B
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laser
macromolecular material
silica
energy
optical fiber
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CN103978686A (en
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林学春
陈寒
张志研
赵树森
于海娟
符文鑫
马永梅
孙文华
徐坚
董金勇
李春成
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Institute of Semiconductors of CAS
Institute of Chemistry CAS
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Institute of Semiconductors of CAS
Institute of Chemistry CAS
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Abstract

The invention provides a kind of 3D applying coupling fiber Output of laser and print macromolecular material system, this system prints parts quality for improving macromolecular material 3D.Utilize the output facula of coupling fiber mode shaping 3D printer machining lasing light emitter, realize the redistribution of beam energy, namely allow and originally circularize shape, hot spot that the intensity output facula that outside gradual change weakens from center becomes even intensity distribution, can solve macromolecular material causes under uneven temperature field because of poor heat resistance, the problem of the easy buckling deformation of molded article.This system is by state modulator module simultaneously, and can obtain the suitable machined parameters of different macromolecular material, it comprises laser power and laser scanning speed.Under this suitable machined parameters, energy and the required melting energy that can realize macromolecular material absorption match, and cause material breakdown to gasify to prevent overprocessing.

Description

A kind of 3D applying coupling fiber Output of laser prints macromolecular material system
Technical field
The present invention relates to technical field of laser processing, be specifically related to a kind of 3D printing the application coupling fiber Output of laser of parts quality for optimizing macromolecular material 3D and print macromolecular material system.
Background technology
Be the important component part of 3D technology using laser as the laser fast shaping of manufactured energy, it is integrated with the modern scientific and technical results such as cad technique, Numeric Control Technology, laser technology and material science.Be different from that traditional removal is shaping, split is shaping and be forced to the processing methods such as shaping, laser fast shaping (Laser RapidPrototyping, LRP) manufactures plastics, pottery, metal and various composite physical model based on the shaping thought of accumulation.First laser fast shaping generates three-dimensional entity model with CAD, then based on software hierarchy to obtain the 2-D data of each slice, for drived control laser beam, powder bed is scanned.Laser beam causes powder particle surface to melt in the fuel factor of powder particle surface, together bonded to each other, thus processes the thin layer requiring shape.Then repave next layer of powder, repeat above process, new one deck and front one deck are sintered together naturally, and successively accumulation forms physical model, finally removes unsintered powder, obtains molded article.
The material ranges that the method is suitable for is wide, and wherein macromolecular material is one of used mainstay material type.For macromolecular material, it utilizes the subject matter of the shaping existence of Laser Processing to be: the energy that the class Gaussian Profile of laser energy can cause irradiated region center to absorb is large, and temperature rise is fast, it is large to shrink; And under peripheral irradiated region absorbs energy, temperature rise is slow, it is little to shrink.Contraction distortion inconsistent like this can make to produce stress between powder, and warpage occurs.In addition, the macromolecular material that local temperature crosses eminence easily burns gasification.Existing multiple patent, from the angle of polymer modification, by improving and optimize the preparation technology of powder, improves to reach the object that macromolecular material 3D prints parts quality.The present invention proposes a solution from optimizing the angle that 3D prints laser used.
Summary of the invention
To the present invention is directed in processing of high molecular material process because inequality of being heated causes the problem of product buckling deformation, provide a kind of 3D applying coupling fiber Output of laser to print macromolecular material system.This system based on improving Laser output Energy distribution to realize the uniform temperature fields distribution of processing of high molecular material district, thus optimizes parts quality.The method introduces fiber coupling module in processing lasing light emitter.The laser of initial generation utilizes different modes to be coupled into optical fiber, then through Optical Fiber Transmission, is finally exported by the other end of optical fiber.The effect of this fiber coupling module is the hot spot that order circularizes shape, the intensity output facula that outside gradual change weakens from center becomes even intensity distribution.Concrete summary of the invention is as follows:
A kind of 3D applying coupling fiber Output of laser prints macromolecular material system.It comprises state modulator module, control system, laser system, scanning system.State modulator module calculates the parameter of variety classes processing of high molecular material, then this parameter signal is transferred to control system.Control system comprises two control modules: laser power control and sweep speed controller, and the two receives corresponding parameter signal respectively.Laser power control according to the laser power signal received by state modulator module to laser system transmission power control signal.Sweep speed control system transmits sweep speed control signal according to the sweep speed signal received by state modulator module to scanning system.Laser drive power system received power control signal in laser system, regulates its output current, in order to control the power output of laser instrument; The coupling fiber output module of laser in laser system of pulse laser exports.Carriage drive system in scanning system receives sweep speed control signal, regulates the rotary speed that the carriage center axle of laser galvanometer is housed, in order to control laser scanning speed.
3D printer machining LASER Light Source output facula even intensity distributes, under the machined parameters that state modulator module provides, energy and the required melting energy that can realize macromolecular material absorption match, to prevent overprocessing from causing material breakdown to gasify, improve macromolecular material 3D with this and print parts quality.
Wherein state modulator module calculates the method for the machined parameters of this material and is: the physical characteristic parameter of all kinds of macromolecular material of input in advance in this state modulator module, and physical characteristic parameter comprises specific heat capacity, proportion, required preheat temperature, the processing temperature that need reach; And at the certain laser power of state modulator module installation and laser scanning speed, state modulator module obtains based on the diameter of coupling fiber output facula and paving powder THICKNESS CALCULATION the energy that powder per volume absorbs under single pass, and this absorption Energy Dependence is in laser power and laser scanning speed; Then the melting energy needed for powder per volume is calculated according to specific heat capacity, preheat temperature and the processing temperature that need reach; If the absorbent energy of single pass process that this required melting energy and previous calculations obtain there are differences, then state modulator module auto modification laser power and laser scanning speed, repeat above computational process again, until the two energy equivalence, and then obtain best machined parameters.
This control system comprises laser power control, sweep speed controller.The effect of laser power control is the laser power needed for processing of high molecular material that receiving parameter control module provides.The effect of sweep speed controller is the sweep speed needed for processing of high molecular material that receiving parameter control module provides.
This laser system comprises laser drive power, pulse laser and coupling fiber output module.The instruction of driving power energy receiving control system wherein, sets different operating currents, realizes the adjustment of laser power.Pulse laser wherein can be optical fiber laser or solid state laser, and its power continuously adjustabe between 1-100W, laser exports through coupling fiber.
This scanning system, it comprises laser galvanometer, that can install galvanometer, that rotary speed is adjustable support and carriage drive system.This carriage drive system receiving control system instruction, changes the rotary speed of carriage center axle, realizes the adjustment of sweep speed.
The macromolecular material that this system uses comprises nylon 6 (PA6), nylon66 fiber (PA66), nylon 12 (PA12), polystyrene (PS), acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene (ABS) (ABS), polyimides (PI), polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA), polyethylene (PE), polypropylene (PP), polyformaldehyde (POM), Merlon (PC), polyvinyl chloride (PVC), polybutylene terephthalate (PBT) (PBT), polyphenylene oxide (PPO), PLA (PLA), polyether-ether-ketone (PEEK).
Laser in laser system exports through coupling fiber, can shaping output facula, realizes even intensity distribution.The described optical fiber for being coupled can silica fibre for passing.It comprises HCS (Hard Clad Silica) silica cladded fibre, also referred to as hard clad silica optical fiber; PCS (Plastic Clad Silica) (plastic envelope), also referred to as soft pack layer silica fibre; PCS-TECS (Technology Clad Silica) technology enhancement mode covering, also referred to as hard poly-fluorine clad silica fiber.
Laser in laser system exports through coupling fiber, and optical fiber is direct-coupling with the coupled modes of laser instrument, simple lens is coupled, three Lens Coupling.Optical fiber head can be treated to spade, hemispherical, taper.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows and utilize the hot spot of the even intensity distribution exported through coupling fiber output module to irradiate powder, irradiated region powder situation of being heated can be realized consistent, absorb energy coincidence, thus avoid local temperature rise too high, there is important industrial application value.And the laser power in native system and laser scanning speed calculate via state modulator module and provide, and can be implemented in laser irradiation time, the energy that macromolecular material absorbs equals institute's energy requirement, to prevent overprocessing even generating gasification decomposition.This energy requirement refers to that macromolecular material is risen to the energy absorbed required for processing temperature by preheat temperature.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the design sketch using fiber coupling module.
Fig. 2 is that the 3D of application coupling fiber Output of laser prints macromolecular material system schematic.
Fig. 3 is control system schematic diagram.
Fig. 4 is laser system schematic diagram.
Fig. 5 is scanning system schematic diagram.
Detailed description of the invention
For making the object, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention clearly understand, below in conjunction with specific embodiment, and with reference to accompanying drawing, the present invention is described in more detail.
2 pairs of systems carry out whole description by reference to the accompanying drawings herein.
The present invention utilizes state modulator module to carry out parameter management and control.The physical characteristic parameter of all kinds of macromolecular material is inputted in advance in this state modulator module.These physical characteristic parameters comprise specific heat capacity, proportion, required preheat temperature, the processing temperature that need reach.And at the certain laser power of state modulator module installation and laser scanning speed.State modulator module obtains based on the diameter of coupling fiber output facula and paving powder THICKNESS CALCULATION the energy that powder per volume absorbs under single pass.This absorption Energy Dependence is in the laser power set and laser scanning speed.Then the melting energy needed for powder per volume is calculated according to specific heat capacity, preheat temperature and the processing temperature that need reach.If the absorbent energy of single pass process that this required melting energy and previous calculations obtain there are differences, then state modulator module auto modification laser power and laser scanning speed, repeat above computational process again, until the two energy equivalence, and then obtain best machined parameters, comprise laser power and laser scanning speed.Then by laser power and these two parameter transmission of laser scanning speed to control system.
One control system, as shown in Figure 3.It comprises laser power control, sweep speed controller.What one laser power control acquisition parameter control module provided corresponds to laser power needed for this macromolecular material, for controlling the driving power in laser system, realizes the adjustment of laser power.What one scan speed control acquisition parameter control module provided corresponds to laser scanning speed needed for this macromolecular material, for the laser galvanometer in gated sweep system, realizes galvanometer rotary speed and regulates.
One laser system, as shown in Figure 4.It comprises laser drive power, pulse laser and coupling fiber output module.Pulse laser can be optical fiber laser or solid state laser, its power continuously adjustabe between 1-100W, and laser exports through coupling fiber output module.Coupling fiber output module is used for the hot spot of shaping Output of laser, plays the object of homogenize hot spot.Its effect as shown in Figure 1.Wherein optical fiber is direct-coupling with the coupled modes of pulse laser, simple lens is coupled, three Lens Coupling.Coupling optical fiber is pass energy silica fibre, and its optical fiber head can be treated to spade, hemispherical, taper etc., to improve coupling efficiency.Laser drive power is connected with the laser power control in control system.This driving power, with memory storage function, have recorded the corresponding relation of electric current-laser power.The laser power signal that this laser drive power provides according to laser power control, the automatically corresponding input current of setting, the power output of control impuls laser instrument.
One scan system, as shown in Figure 5.It comprises laser galvanometer, that can install galvanometer, that rotary speed is adjustable support and carriage drive system.Carriage drive system is connected with the sweep speed controller in control system.The sweep speed signal that support provides according to carriage drive system, changes the rotary speed of carriage center axle, realizes the adjustment of laser scanning speed.
The implementation method of this 3D print system is: the physical characteristic parameter first arranging the macromolecule material powder of preparation processing in state modulator module, and presets laser power and laser scanning speed.Suitable laser power and laser scanning speed is calculated according to said method by state modulator module.By laser power parameters and laser scanning speed parameter transmission to control system.Receive respective signal respectively by the laser power control in control system and sweep speed controller, and continue to transfer to corresponding system.Laser drive power in laser system receives laser power signal, sets corresponding operating current.The suitable laser power that laser output power same parameter control module under this operating current calculates matches.Carriage drive system simultaneously in scanner receives sweep speed signal, the rotary speed of setting carriage center axle.The suitable sweep speed that the rotary speed same parameter control module of support calculates is mated.Output of laser, after energy-transmission optic fibre homogenize, incides on galvanometer, then through vibration mirror reflected on the powder of workbench, the 3D printing effect of realizing ideal.
Embodiment 1
The 3D of the application coupling fiber Output of laser shown in application drawing 2 prints macromolecular material system.The present embodiment uses solid pulse laser to carry out 3D to PS (polystyrene) macromolecular material and prints processing." PS (polystyrene) " is selected in state modulator module.Laser output is coupled into the smooth silica fibre of the end face of diameter 1mm, and output facula intensity becomes approximate flat-top distribution, and spot diameter is about 1mm.
Described PS (polystyrene) macromolecular material is 0.5kJ/ (kg*K), proportion 1.0g/cm than hot melt 3, paving powder thickness 0.1mm, powder preheat temperature 115 DEG C, the processing temperature that need reach is 200 DEG C.Choose laser power 20W.Powder volume under the hot spot irradiation of 1mm diameter is 0.08mm3, even based on spot energy distribution, then the energy that in the unit interval, unit volume absorbs is 250J/ (mm 3* S).Choose laser scanning speed 1400mm/s, then single pass, the absorbent energy of powder per volume is 0.18J.Powder rises to 200 DEG C by 115 DEG C, need reach the temperature rise of 358K.According to specific heat capacity, unit volume (mm 3) powder to heat up 358K, need to absorb energy 0.18J under laser irradiates.Then the laser output power of 20W and the sweep speed of 1400mm/s are transferred to controller corresponding in control system respectively as machined parameters signal, Laser Power Devices drive system and carriage drive system is controlled by controller, ensure that laser power is 20W, laser scanning speed is 1400mm/s.
Embodiment 2
The present embodiment uses solid pulse laser to carry out 3D to ABS (acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene (ABS)) macromolecular material and prints processing." ABS (acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene (ABS)) " is selected in state modulator module.Laser output is coupled into the smooth silica fibre of the end face of diameter 1mm, and output facula intensity becomes approximate flat-top distribution, and spot diameter is about 1mm.
Described ABS (acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene (ABS))) macromolecular material is 1.47kJ/ (kg*K), proportion 1.05g/cm than hot melt 3, paving powder thickness 0.1mm, powder preheat temperature 100 DEG C, the processing temperature that need reach is 210 DEG C.Choose laser power 72W.Powder volume under the hot spot irradiation of 1mm diameter is 0.08mm 3, even based on spot energy distribution, then the energy that in the unit interval, unit volume absorbs is 900J/ (mm 3* S).Choose laser scanning speed 1500mm/s, then single pass, the absorbent energy of powder per volume is 0.6J.Powder rises to 210 DEG C by 100 DEG C, need reach the temperature rise of 383K.According to specific heat capacity, unit volume (mm 3) powder to heat up 358K, need to absorb energy 0.6J under laser irradiates.Then the laser output power of 72W and the sweep speed of 1500mm/s are transferred to controller corresponding in control system respectively as machined parameters signal, Laser Power Devices drive system and carriage drive system is controlled by controller, ensure that laser power is 72W, laser scanning speed is 1500mm/s.
The method realizes irradiated region and absorbs energy and required melting energy equivalence.By homogenize hot spot technology, realize processing conditions identical, progress is identical, thus suppresses processing work buckling deformation.And by choosing suitable services parameter, avoid overprocessing.
Above-described specific embodiment, further describes object of the present invention, technical scheme and beneficial effect.Institute it should be understood that and the foregoing is only specific embodiments of the invention, is not limited to the present invention, within the spirit and principles in the present invention all, and any amendment made, equivalent replacement, improvement etc., all should be included within protection scope of the present invention.In addition, the above-mentioned definition to each element and method is not limited in various concrete structures, shape or the mode mentioned in embodiment, and those of ordinary skill in the art can change simply it or replace.

Claims (12)

1. the 3D applying coupling fiber Output of laser prints a macromolecular material system, and it is characterized in that, this system comprises: state modulator module, control system, laser system, scanning system; State modulator module calculates the machined parameters of variety classes macromolecular material, and this parameter comprises laser power and laser scanning speed; Then by this laser power and laser scanning speed Signal transmissions to control system; Control system comprises two control modules: laser power control and sweep speed controller, and the two receives corresponding parameter signal respectively; Laser power control according to the laser power signal received from state modulator module to laser system transmission power control signal; Sweep speed controller transmits sweep speed control signal according to the sweep speed signal received from state modulator module to scanning system; Laser drive power received power control signal in laser system, regulates its output current, in order to control the power output of the pulse laser in laser system; The coupling fiber output module of laser in laser system of pulse laser exports; Carriage drive system in scanning system receives sweep speed control signal, regulates the rotary speed that the carriage center axle of laser galvanometer is housed, in order to control laser scanning speed;
Laser wherein in laser system exports through coupling fiber, and optical fiber is direct-coupling with the coupled modes of laser instrument, simple lens is coupled or three Lens Coupling.
2. system according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, the method that state modulator module calculates the machined parameters of this material is: the physical characteristic parameter of prior all kinds of macromolecular material of input in this state modulator module, and physical characteristic parameter comprises specific heat capacity, proportion, required preheat temperature, the processing temperature that need reach; And at the certain laser power of state modulator module installation and laser scanning speed, state modulator module obtains based on the diameter of coupling fiber output facula and paving powder THICKNESS CALCULATION the energy that powder per volume absorbs under single pass, and this absorption Energy Dependence is in laser power and laser scanning speed; Then the melting energy needed for powder per volume is calculated according to specific heat capacity, preheat temperature and the processing temperature that need reach; If the absorbent energy of single pass process that this required melting energy and previous calculations obtain there are differences, then state modulator module auto modification laser power and laser scanning speed, repeat above computational process again, until the two energy equivalence, and then obtain best machined parameters.
3. system according to claim 1 and 2, is characterized in that, pulse laser is wherein optical fiber laser or solid state laser, its power continuously adjustabe between 1-100W.
4. the system according to any one of claim 1 or 2, it is characterized in that, the macromolecular material that this system uses comprises nylon 6 (PA6), nylon66 fiber (PA66), nylon 12 (PA12), polystyrene (PS), acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene (ABS) (ABS), polyimides (PI), polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA), polyethylene (PE), polypropylene (PP), polyformaldehyde (POM), Merlon (PC), polyvinyl chloride (PVC), polybutylene terephthalate (PBT) (PBT), polyphenylene oxide (PPO), PLA (PLA) or polyether-ether-ketone (PEEK).
5. system according to claim 3, it is characterized in that, the macromolecular material that this system uses comprises nylon 6 (PA6), nylon66 fiber (PA66), nylon 12 (PA12), polystyrene (PS), acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene (ABS) (ABS), polyimides (PI), polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA), polyethylene (PE), polypropylene (PP), polyformaldehyde (POM), Merlon (PC), polyvinyl chloride (PVC), polybutylene terephthalate (PBT) (PBT), polyphenylene oxide (PPO), PLA (PLA) or polyether-ether-ketone (PEEK).
6. the system according to any one of claim 1,2,5, it is characterized in that, optical fiber for being coupled is biography energy silica fibre, and it comprises HCS (Hard Clad Silica) silica cladded fibre, PCS (Plastic Clad Silica) plastic-clad optical fiber or PCS-TECS (Technology Clad Silica) technology enhancement mode cladded-fiber.
7. system according to claim 3, it is characterized in that, optical fiber for being coupled is biography energy silica fibre, and it comprises HCS (Hard Clad Silica) silica cladded fibre, PCS (Plastic Clad Silica) plastic-clad optical fiber or PCS-TECS (TechnologyClad Silica) technology enhancement mode cladded-fiber.
8. system according to claim 4, it is characterized in that, optical fiber for being coupled is biography energy silica fibre, and it comprises HCS (Hard Clad Silica) silica cladded fibre, PCS (Plastic Clad Silica) plastic-clad optical fiber or PCS-TECS (TechnologyClad Silica) technology enhancement mode cladded-fiber.
9. the system according to any one of claim 1,2,5,7,8, it is characterized in that, wherein optical fiber head is treated to spade, hemispherical or taper.
10. system according to claim 3, is characterized in that, wherein optical fiber head is treated to spade, hemispherical or taper.
11. systems according to claim 4, is characterized in that, wherein optical fiber head is treated to spade, hemispherical or taper.
12. systems according to claim 6, is characterized in that, wherein optical fiber head is treated to spade, hemispherical or taper.
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CN105034373A (en) * 2015-07-27 2015-11-11 北京工业大学 3D rapid prototyping device and method adopting moving one-dimensional laser scanning galvanometer
KR102400596B1 (en) * 2016-07-17 2022-05-20 아이오 테크 그룹 엘티디. Kits and systems for laser-guided material dispensing
CN110157275A (en) * 2018-03-26 2019-08-23 广东华斓汽车材料研究院 A kind of polyacrylate resins 3D printing material and preparation method thereof
CN109353004B (en) * 2018-09-26 2021-07-16 易加三维增材技术(杭州)有限公司 Light spot shaping method and device, computer equipment and storage medium
CN111781897B (en) * 2020-07-14 2022-07-19 上海柏楚电子科技股份有限公司 Machining control method, control device, machining control system, and storage medium
CN113524501A (en) * 2021-07-13 2021-10-22 王香 High polymer material hot melting terminal

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