CN104042274A - 手术吻合装置 - Google Patents

手术吻合装置 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN104042274A
CN104042274A CN201410093795.5A CN201410093795A CN104042274A CN 104042274 A CN104042274 A CN 104042274A CN 201410093795 A CN201410093795 A CN 201410093795A CN 104042274 A CN104042274 A CN 104042274A
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nail bin
locking
jaw members
actuator
surgical stapling
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贾斯汀·威廉斯
克里斯托弗·彭纳
李安·奥尔森
斯坦尼斯瓦夫·马尔奇克
肯尼斯·M·卡波拉
托马斯·R·赫斯勒
欧内斯特·奥拉尼
斯坦尼斯洛娃·科斯切夫斯基
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Covidien LP
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Covidien LP
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    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B17/00Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
    • A61B17/068Surgical staplers, e.g. containing multiple staples or clamps
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B17/00Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
    • A61B17/068Surgical staplers, e.g. containing multiple staples or clamps
    • A61B17/072Surgical staplers, e.g. containing multiple staples or clamps for applying a row of staples in a single action, e.g. the staples being applied simultaneously
    • A61B17/07207Surgical staplers, e.g. containing multiple staples or clamps for applying a row of staples in a single action, e.g. the staples being applied simultaneously the staples being applied sequentially
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B17/00Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
    • A61B17/10Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets for applying or removing wound clamps, e.g. containing only one clamp or staple; Wound clamp magazines
    • A61B17/105Wound clamp magazines
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B17/00Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
    • A61B17/068Surgical staplers, e.g. containing multiple staples or clamps
    • A61B17/072Surgical staplers, e.g. containing multiple staples or clamps for applying a row of staples in a single action, e.g. the staples being applied simultaneously
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B17/00Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
    • A61B17/28Surgical forceps
    • A61B17/2812Surgical forceps with a single pivotal connection
    • A61B17/2833Locking means
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B17/00Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
    • A61B17/32Surgical cutting instruments
    • A61B17/3209Incision instruments
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B17/00Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
    • A61B2017/00367Details of actuation of instruments, e.g. relations between pushing buttons, or the like, and activation of the tool, working tip, or the like
    • A61B2017/00398Details of actuation of instruments, e.g. relations between pushing buttons, or the like, and activation of the tool, working tip, or the like using powered actuators, e.g. stepper motors, solenoids
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B17/00Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
    • A61B2017/0046Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets with a releasable handle; with handle and operating part separable
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B17/00Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
    • A61B2017/0046Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets with a releasable handle; with handle and operating part separable
    • A61B2017/00473Distal part, e.g. tip or head
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
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    • A61B2017/00477Coupling
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
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    • A61B2017/07214Stapler heads
    • A61B2017/07257Stapler heads characterised by its anvil
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
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    • A61B17/00Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
    • A61B17/068Surgical staplers, e.g. containing multiple staples or clamps
    • A61B17/072Surgical staplers, e.g. containing multiple staples or clamps for applying a row of staples in a single action, e.g. the staples being applied simultaneously
    • A61B2017/07214Stapler heads
    • A61B2017/07271Stapler heads characterised by its cartridge
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
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    • A61B17/072Surgical staplers, e.g. containing multiple staples or clamps for applying a row of staples in a single action, e.g. the staples being applied simultaneously
    • A61B2017/07214Stapler heads
    • A61B2017/07278Stapler heads characterised by its sled or its staple holder
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B17/00Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
    • A61B17/068Surgical staplers, e.g. containing multiple staples or clamps
    • A61B17/072Surgical staplers, e.g. containing multiple staples or clamps for applying a row of staples in a single action, e.g. the staples being applied simultaneously
    • A61B2017/07214Stapler heads
    • A61B2017/07285Stapler heads characterised by its cutter
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
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    • A61B17/29Forceps for use in minimally invasive surgery
    • A61B2017/2926Details of heads or jaws
    • A61B2017/2927Details of heads or jaws the angular position of the head being adjustable with respect to the shaft
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
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    • A61B90/00Instruments, implements or accessories specially adapted for surgery or diagnosis and not covered by any of the groups A61B1/00 - A61B50/00, e.g. for luxation treatment or for protecting wound edges
    • A61B90/03Automatic limiting or abutting means, e.g. for safety
    • A61B2090/033Abutting means, stops, e.g. abutting on tissue or skin
    • A61B2090/034Abutting means, stops, e.g. abutting on tissue or skin abutting on parts of the device itself
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B90/00Instruments, implements or accessories specially adapted for surgery or diagnosis and not covered by any of the groups A61B1/00 - A61B50/00, e.g. for luxation treatment or for protecting wound edges
    • A61B90/08Accessories or related features not otherwise provided for
    • A61B2090/0801Prevention of accidental cutting or pricking
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B90/00Instruments, implements or accessories specially adapted for surgery or diagnosis and not covered by any of the groups A61B1/00 - A61B50/00, e.g. for luxation treatment or for protecting wound edges
    • A61B90/08Accessories or related features not otherwise provided for
    • A61B2090/0801Prevention of accidental cutting or pricking
    • A61B2090/08021Prevention of accidental cutting or pricking of the patient or his organs
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B90/00Instruments, implements or accessories specially adapted for surgery or diagnosis and not covered by any of the groups A61B1/00 - A61B50/00, e.g. for luxation treatment or for protecting wound edges
    • A61B90/08Accessories or related features not otherwise provided for
    • A61B2090/0814Preventing re-use

Abstract

本发明提供一种手术吻合装置(吻合器)。该吻合器包括壳体、细长构件以及再装载器。钉仓被配置为选择性连接到该再装载器的第一钳夹构件,并包括在该钉仓上的一个或多个弹性构件。可操作地被支撑在该再装载器的第二钳夹构件上的砧座配置为压缩由该钉仓弹出的一个或多个紧固件。该砧座包括在其上的一个或多个锁紧构件。刀具被配置为在所述第一和第二钳夹构件处于闭合构造时平移穿过该钉仓和砧座。该刀具和该弹性构件之间的接合导致该弹性构件从允许该刀具向远侧移动经过该锁紧构件的最初构造移动到允许锁紧构件接合该刀具的最终构造。

Description

手术吻合装置
相关申请的交叉引用
本申请要求于2013年3月13日提交的申请号为61/779,873的美国临时专利申请的权益和优先权,该专利的全部内容通过引用合并于此。
技术领域
本公开涉及一种手术吻合装置。更具体地,本公开涉及包括刀具驱动锁定机构的手术吻合装置。
背景技术
被配置为吻合并且随后切断组织的手术吻合装置在本领域中是众所周知的。这种吻合装置典型地包括壳体以及从该壳体延伸出的细长构件。在某些实例中,包括再装载器(reload)的多次使用装载单元(MULU)可被配置为可释放地接合到细长构件的远侧端。可选择地,再装载器可被固定地支撑在细长构件的远侧端。在任一个上述的再装载器构造中,砧座和钉仓可被设在再装载器的钳夹上,并被配置为吻合组织。刀具(或其它合适的装置)可被用来切断已吻合的组织。刀具可通过一个或多个可操作地与手术吻合装置结合的致动装置被致动,并且平移穿过砧座和钉仓以切断已吻合的组织。
尽管上述的再装载器构造提供许多优点,但是当吻合钉钉仓没有被安装或用尽时,阻止手术吻合器的刀具的无意发射可能是所希望的。
发明内容
正如可意识到的,包括刀具驱动锁定机构的手术吻合装置在手术领域中可证明是有用的。
参考附图详细描述本公开的实施例,其中相同的附图标记标识类似或相同的元件。在此所使用的,术语“远侧”表示正被描述的更远离用户的部分,而术语“近侧”表示正被描述的更接近用户的部分。
本公开的一个方案提供手术吻合装置(吻合器)。所述吻合器包括壳体和从所述壳体延伸出的细长构件。所述细长构件被配置为可操作地使再装载器支撑在它的远侧端。钉仓被配置为选择性地连接到所述再装载器的第一钳夹构件。所述钉仓包括在其上的一个或多个弹性构件。可操作地被支撑在所述再装载器的第二钳夹构件上的砧座被配置为压缩从所述钉仓弹出的一个或多个紧固件。所述砧座包括在其上的一个或多个锁紧构件。刀具被配置为在所述第一钳夹构件和所述第二钳夹构件处于闭合构造时平移穿过所述钉仓和所述砧座。所述刀具和所述弹性构件之间的接合导致所述弹性构件从在所述刀具被发射时允许所述刀具向远侧移动经过至少一个锁紧构件的最初构造移动到允许所述锁紧构件接合所述刀具的最终构造。所述手术吻合装置可包括被配置为使所述刀具平移穿过所述砧座和所述钉仓的发射机构。
所述砧座和所述钉仓可各自包括被布置在其上的一个或多个凹槽,所述一个或多个凹槽被配置为接纳贯穿其的所述弹性构件。所述砧座和所述钉仓上的所述凹槽可相互垂直对齐。
所述弹性构件可以为弹性夹子的形式。所述弹性夹子可包括由相对侧壁限定的大体弓形构造。所述相对侧壁中的一个或两者可具有在其上的一个或多个凸缘,所述凸缘被配置为可释放地接合钉仓的组织接触表面。
所述锁紧构件可包括大体细长构造,以及可包括被布置在其近侧端的一个或多个凸轮表面。所述凸轮表面可被配置为接合被布置在所述刀具的顶部上的凸缘。在最初构造中,所述弹性构件可被配置为使所述锁紧构件在所述钉仓的组织接触表面上偏置预定距离,以便于阻止所述凸轮表面和所述凸缘之间的接合,这样允许所述刀具在所述刀具被发射时向远侧移动经过所述锁紧构件。
本公开的一个方案提供手术吻合装置(吻合器)。所述吻合器包括壳体和从所述壳体延伸出的细长构件。所述细长构件被配置为使再装载器可操作地支撑在它的远侧端。所述再装载器包括第一钳夹构件和第二钳夹构件。所述第一钳夹构件被配置为可操作地连接到包括在其上的一个或多个弹性构件的钉仓。可操作地被支撑在所述再装载器的第二钳夹构件上的砧座被配置为压缩从所述钉仓弹出的一个或多个紧固件。所述砧座包括在其上的一个或多个锁紧构件。刀具被配置为在所述钉仓被连接到所述第一钳夹构件时以及当所述第一钳夹构件和第二钳夹构件处于闭合构造时,平移穿过所述钉仓和所述砧座。所述锁紧构件能够从在所述钉仓没有被连接到所述第一钳夹构件时用于接合所述刀具的第一构造移动到所述钉仓连接到所述第一钳夹构件时的第二构造,所述第二构造用于在所述刀具被发射时允许所述刀具向远侧移动经过所述至少一个锁紧构件。
当所述钉仓被连接到所述第一钳夹构件时,所述弹性构件能够从所述弹性构件可被布置在所述砧座和所述钉仓两者内的最初构造移动到最终构造,在所述最终构造中,所述弹性构件可被仅仅布置在所述钉仓内。在所述最初构造中,允许所述刀具在所述刀具被发射时向远侧移动经过所述锁紧构件。而且,在所述最终构造中,所述锁紧构件被配置为接合所述刀具。所述手术吻合装置可包括被配置为使所述刀具平移穿过所述砧座和所述钉仓的发射机构。
所述砧座和所述钉仓可各自包括被布置在其上的一个或多个凹槽,所述一个或多个凹槽被配置为接纳贯穿其的弹性构件。在所述砧座和所述钉仓上的所述凹槽可相互垂直对齐。
弹性构件可为弹性夹子的形式。所述弹性夹子可包括由相对侧壁限定的大体弓形构造。所述相对侧壁中的一个或两者可具有在其上的一个或多个凸缘,所述凸缘被配置为可释放地接合钉仓的组织接触表面。
所述锁紧构件可包括大体细长构造,以及可包括被布置在其近侧端的一个或多个凸轮表面。所述凸轮表面可被配置为接合被布置在所述刀具顶部上的凸缘。在最初构造中,所述弹性构件导致锁紧构件枢转,以便于阻止所述凸轮表面和所述凸缘之间的接合,这样允许所述刀具在所述刀具被发射时向远侧移动经过所述锁紧构件。
本公开的一个方案还提供被配置为与手术吻合装置一起使用的钉仓。所述钉仓包括被配置为选择性连接到所述手术吻合装置的第一钳夹构件的壳体。所述钉仓包括被配置为在其中接纳一个或多个弹性构件的一个或多个凹槽。所述弹性构件可被配置为通过被布置在所述手术吻合装置的第二钳夹构件的砧座上的相应的凹槽插入。所述弹性构件通过被布置在所述砧座上的相应的凹槽的插入导致弹性构件和可操作地被布置在砧座上的一个或多个锁紧构件之间的接合;这允许在所述刀具被发射时,所述手术吻合装置的刀具向远侧移动经过所述锁紧构件,并且允许所述锁紧构件接合所述刀具。
所述弹性构件可为弹性夹子的形式。所述弹性夹子可包括由相对侧壁限定的大体弓形构造,所述相对侧壁各自具有在其上的一个或多个凸缘,所述凸缘被配置为可释放地接合钉仓的组织接触表面。
所述锁紧构件可包括大体细长构造,以及可包括被布置在其近侧端的一个或多个凸轮表面。所述凸轮表面可被配置为接合被布置在所述刀具的顶部上的凸缘。
本公开的一个方案提供与手术器械一起使用的再装载器。所述再装载器包括可枢转地连接到彼此的第一钳夹构件和第二钳夹构件。所述第一钳夹构件包括沟槽和被布置在所述沟槽中的滑块。所述滑块能够在所述沟槽的近侧部和远侧部之间平移。致动构件位于所述第一钳夹构件中,并能够在所述沟槽的近侧部和远侧部之间移动。钉仓可移除地连接到所述沟槽并包括多个推动器。锁定机构包括被布置在所述钉仓中的致动板。所述致动板在第一位置和第二位置之间能再定位(repositionable)。当所述致动板在第一位置时,所述致动构件在近侧部和远侧部之间自由移动。当致动板在第二位置时,阻止所述致动构件移动。偏置构件被连接到所述第一钳夹构件,并向所述第二位置推动所述致动板。所述致动构件的远侧移动将所述致动板从第一位置转移到第二位置。
致动板和推动器之间的接合可使致动板维持在所述第一位置。所述推动器可以为吻合钉驱动推动器。所述致动构件的远侧移动可使所述推动器再定位,以便于所述偏置构件从所述第一位置推动所述致动板到所述第二位置。当所述致动板在所述第一位置时,所述致动构件能够从所述沟槽的近侧部平移到所述沟槽的远侧部。而且,当所述致动板在第二位置时,所述致动构件被维持在所述沟槽的近侧部。
本公开的一个方案提供与手术器械一起使用的再装载器。所述再装载器包括可枢转地连接到彼此的第一钳夹构件和第二钳夹构件。所述第一钳夹构件包括沟槽。致动构件设于所述第一钳夹构件中,并能够在所述沟槽的近侧部和远侧部之间平移。钉仓可移除地连接到所述沟槽,并与致动构件可操作地关联。指状部可转动地连接到所述钉仓的顶部表面,所述指状部能在第一位置和第二位置之间转动。偏置构件与指状部可操作地关联。臂可转动地连接到所述沟槽的底部表面,并且能够响应于指状部在第一位置和第二位置之间的转动而在打开和闭合位置之间转动。当所述臂在打开位置时,致动构件能向远侧平移穿过所述钉仓,并且当所述臂在闭合位置时阻止致动构件远侧平移。
当致动构件向远侧前移穿过所述钉仓时,所述致动构件接合所述指状部,并且使所述指状部从所述第一位置转动到所述第二位置,进而使所述臂从闭合位置转动到打开位置。所述偏置构件向所述第一位置推动所述指状部,这样所述臂被推向所述闭合位置。
本公开的一个方案提供与手术器械一起使用的再装载器。所述再装载器包括可枢转地连接到彼此的第一钳夹构件和第二钳夹构件。所述第一钳夹构件包括沟槽。致动构件被设于所述第一钳夹构件中,并且能够在所述沟槽的近侧部和远侧部之间移动。所述钉仓可移除地连接到所述沟槽,并且与所述致动构件可操作地关联。臂可枢转地布置在所述沟槽的狭槽中。偏置构件可操作地连接到所述臂,并推动所述臂脱离与所述沟槽的纵轴的对准,到阻塞所述沟槽的位置。当所述钉仓被安置在所述沟槽时,所述臂被推入与所述沟槽的纵向对准,以便于所述致动构件自由移动穿过所述钉仓。而且,当所述钉仓从所述沟槽被移除时,所述臂被推动脱离与所述沟槽的纵向对准,以便于阻止所述致动构件移动穿过所述沟槽。
所述钉仓的底部表面可包括能够与所述臂接合的凸起,以便于所述致动构件的远侧平移使所述突起变形。所述致动构件可在已变形的突起上面向近侧平移,并且阻止在已变形的突起上面的远侧平移。
本公开的一个方案提供与手术器械一起使用的再装载器。所述再装载器包括可枢转地连接到彼此并且限定狭槽的第一钳夹构件和第二钳夹构件。所述第一钳夹构件包括沟槽。滑块被布置在所述沟槽中,并且能够在所述沟槽的近侧部和远侧部之间平移。致动构件设在所述第一钳夹构件中,并且能够穿过在所述沟槽的近侧部和远侧部之间的狭槽移动。钉仓可移除地连接到所述沟槽,并包括多个推动器。所述推动器可以为吻合钉驱动推动器。锁定机构包括被布置在所述钉仓中的锁定件(latch)。所述锁定件在第一位置和第二位置之间能再定位。所述锁定件被配置为在所述第二位置阻塞所述狭槽。所述锁定件可具有在所述致动构件沿近侧方向移动时被所述致动构件接合的锥形表面。
当所述锁定件在所述第一位置时,所述致动构件在所述近侧部和所述远侧部之间自由移动。当所述致动板在所述第二位置时,所述致动构件被阻止移动。偏置构件向所述第二位置推动所述锁定件。而且,致动板使所述锁定件保持在所述第一位置。
所述致动板和推动器的接合使所述致动板维持在第一位置,这使所述锁定件保持在所述第一位置。所述致动板可具有允许所述锁定件移动到所述第二位置以使所述致动构件维持在所述沟槽的近侧部的第二位置。所述致动构件可以沿远侧方向移动以致动所述手术器械,以及致动构件可在致动所述器械之后沿近侧方向移动。
附图说明
参考附图,在下文描述本公开的各种实施例,其中:
图1是动力手术吻合装置的立体图;
图2是手动手术吻合装置的立体图;
图3A是图1和图2的再装载器的立体图,包括依照本公开的一个实施例的驱动锁定机构;
图3B是部件被分离的图3A中的再装载器的分解立体图;
图4A是可移除钉仓的局部立体图,包括以伸出构造示出的弹性夹子;
图4B是图4A的弹性夹子已移除的钉仓的近侧部的立体图;
图5是图4A的弹性夹子的立体图;
图6是未连接到相应钳夹构件的砧座的立体图,图示出被配置为在其中接纳弹性夹子的凹槽;
图7是被配置为可释放地接合弹性夹子的枢转杆的立体图;
图8是砧座和钉仓的局部立体图,砧座的顶部已被移除以图示出在发射前构造中的刀具和在接合构造中的弹性夹子和枢转杆;
图9是沿图8中的线段9-9截取的剖面图;
图10至图12是图示出刀具穿过钉仓和砧座的发射顺序的立体图;
图13是依照本公开的一个可选择实施例的包括驱动锁定机构的再装载器的立体图;
图14是图13中所图示的再装载器和钉仓从彼此分开的立体图;
图15是部件被分离并且被移除的再装载器的分解立体图;
图16是部件被分离的钉仓组件的分解立体图;
图17是部件被分离的钉仓的滑块的分解仰视图;
图18是图17的滑块在装配构造中的仰视图;
图19是部件被分离的滑块的分解后视图;
图20是图19的滑块在装配构造中的后视立体图;
图21是图15中图示的锁定件细部的放大部分;
图22是示出倒置的图21中图示的锁定件的立体图;
图23是部件被移除的再装载器的立体图;
图24是图23中细部的放大部分;
图25是部件被移除的再装载器的局部立体图,图示出枢转组件;
图26是沿图25中线部26截取的截面图;
图27是钉仓的局部截面图,图示出钉仓正被安装到相应的钳夹构件;
图28是钉仓的局部截面图,图示出钉仓完全被安装到相应的钳夹构件;
图29是钉仓的局部截面图,图示出正向钉仓接近;
图30是钉仓的局部截面图,图示出砧座和钉仓处于完全接近的构造中;
图31是钉仓的局部截面图,图示出再装载器的刀具的发射动作;
图32是钉仓的局部截面图,图示出刀具正缩回到发射前构造中;
图33是钉仓的局部截面图,图示出砧座和钉仓处于打开构造中,以及刀具在缩回构造中;
图34是钉仓的局部截面图,图示出刀具在缩回构造中,以及锁定件在从套管针移除再装载器的位置;
图35是钉仓的局部截面图,图示出刀具在缩回构造中,以及锁定件在锁定构造中;
图36是依照本公开的又一个实施例的部件被移除并且包括驱动锁定机构的再装载器的立体图;
图37是图36中细部的放大部分;
图38是图36中图示的再装载器的分解立体图;
图39是部件被分离的钉仓组件的分解立体图;
图40是图38中细部的放大部分,图示出锁定件;
图41是示出倒置的图21中图示的锁定件的立体图;
图42是部件被移除的再装载器的立体图,图示出枢转组件;
图43是部件被移除的再装载器的立体图,包括一部分的枢转组件以图示刀具组件的远侧端;
图44是钉仓没有被安装到相应的钳夹构件的再装载器的局部截面图;
图45是被安装在相应的钳夹构件上的钉仓的局部截面图;
图46是钉仓的局部截面图,图示出刀具正平移贯穿钉仓;
图47是钉仓的局部截面图,图示出刀具处于缩回构造中并且被锁定;
图48是依照本公开的另一个实施例的部件被移除并且包括驱动锁定机构的再装载器的立体图;
图49是图48中细部的放大部分;
图50是示出处于发射前构造的钉仓的局部剖视图;
图51是部件被移除的钉仓的分解立体图;
图52是图50和图51中图示的钉仓的致动器的立体图;
图53是示出倒置的图52中图示的致动器的立体图;
图54是钉仓的转动联锁件的立体图;
图55是钉仓的顶部正视图;
图56是沿图55中示出的线段56-56截取的截面图;
图57是部件被移除的钉仓的局部立体图,图示出在发射顺序期间的刀具;
图58是沿图57中示出的线段58-58截取的剖视图;
图59是部件被移除的钉仓的局部立体图,图示出在锁定构造中的刀具;
图60是依照本公开的又一个实施例的部件被移除并且包括驱动锁定机构的再装载器的立体图;
图61是图60中细部的放大部分;
图62是部件分离的图60中的钉仓组件的分解立体图;
图63是图62中细部的放大部分;
图64是钉仓的近侧端的局部立体图;
图65是部件被分离的钉仓组件的分解立体图;
图66是部件被分离的再装载器的钳夹构件的分解立体图;
图67是图65中细部的放大部分,图示出钉仓的致动器;
图68是图66中细部的放大部分,图示出部件被分离的锁紧组件;
图69是图示出锁紧组件的连接到彼此的弹性夹子和锁紧柄的立体图;
图70A至图70C是图示出处于各种构造的锁紧柄和弹性夹子的立体图;
图71是示出一部分盖板被移除的钉仓的立体图;
图72是图71中细部的放大部分;
图73是钉仓的局部剖视图,图示出在发射前构造中的刀具、致动器和锁紧组件;
图74是图73中钉仓的局部的顶部正视图;
图75是钉仓的局部剖视图,图示出具有致动器的刀具的发射顺序以及示出在锁定构造中的锁紧组件;
图76是图75中钉仓的局部的顶部正视图;
图77是依照本公开的又一个实施例的部件被分离并且包括驱动锁定机构的再装载器的立体图;
图78是图77中细部的放大部分;
图79是连接到图77中的钳夹构件的钉仓的顶部正视图;
图80是图79中细部的放大部分;
图81是部件被分离的钳夹构件的分解立体图;
图82是锁紧柄的右侧立体图;
图83是图82中图示的锁紧柄的左侧立体图;
图84是致动器的立体图;
图85是图81中细部的放大部分;
图86是再装载器的远侧端的局部截面图;
图87是由彼此未连接的钳夹构件和钉仓的立体图;
图88是图87中细部的放大部分;
图89是部件被移除的钉仓处于发射前构造的局部的顶部正视图;
图90是部件被移除的钉仓处于发射前构造的局部立体图;
图91是部件被移除的钉仓处于发射后构造的局部的顶部正视图;
图92是部件被移除的钉仓处于发射后构造的局部立体图;
图93是依照本公开的又一个实施例的部件被移除并且包括驱动锁定机构的再装载器的立体图;
图94是沿图93中所示的线段94-94截取的局部截面图;
图95是图94中细部的放大部分;
图96是部件被移除以及被分离的再装载器的分解立体图;
图97是图96中细部的放大部分;
图98是钉仓已安装的再装载器的钳夹构件的局部截面图;
图99是图98中细部的放大部分;
图100是处于接近构造和发射前构造中的钳夹构件的局部截面图;
图101是处于接近构造的并且图示出刀具贯穿其平移的钳夹构件的局部截面图;
图102是在刀具处于缩回构造中的钳夹构件在接近构造和发射后构造中的局部截面图;
图103是依照本公开的又一个实施例的包括驱动锁定机构的再装载器的局部截面图;
图104是部件被分离的砧座的制转杆(pawl)的分解图;
图105是依照本公开的又一个实施例的部件被移除并且包括驱动锁定机构的再装载器的立体图;
图106是图105中细部的放大部分;
图107是图105中图示的钳夹构件的立体图;
图108是图107中细部的放大部分;
图109是部件被分离的图107中图示的钳夹构件的近侧端;
图110是部件被分离的与图105中图示的再装载器关联的锁定组件的分解图;
图111是具有锁紧构件的钳夹构件在未锁紧构造中的局部的顶部截面图;
图112是具有锁紧构件的钳夹构件在锁紧构造中的局部的顶部截面图;
图113是沿图108中示出的线段113-113截取的剖视图;
图114是配置为与图105中图示的再装载器一起使用的钉仓的近侧端的局部的正视立体图;
图115是图114中图示的钉仓的近侧端的局部的后视立体图;
图116是部件被分离的钉仓的分解图;
图117是沿图115中所示的线段117-117截取的剖视图;
图118是与具有连接到其上的致动器的钉仓关联的致动滑块的立体图;
图119是致动器的侧面立体图;
图120是致动滑块的正视立体图;
图121是沿图118所示的线段121-121截取的剖视图;
图122是连接到彼此的钉仓和钳夹构件的顶部立视图;
图123是图122中细部的放大部分;
图124是刀具处于发射前构造的连接到彼此的钉仓和钳夹构件的局部的顶部截面图;
图125是刀具处于发射后构造的连接到彼此的钉仓和钳夹构件的局部的顶部截面图;
图126是锁紧组件处于锁定构造的连接到彼此的钉仓和钳夹构件的局部的顶部立视图;
图127是沿图126中所示的线段127-127截取的剖视图;
图128是依照本公开的又一个实施例的包括驱动锁定机构的再装载器的刀具组件的示意立视图;
图129是处于未锁紧构造的再装载器的刀具组件的示意立视图;
图130是钉仓的顶部截面图,图示出处于锁紧构造的刀具;
图131是从锁紧柄分开的刀具组件的示意立视图;
图132是锁紧柄的立体图;
图133是刀具组件的立体图;
图134至图135是锁紧柄处于未锁紧构造和锁紧构造的依照本公开的又一个实施例的钳夹构件和包括驱动锁定机构的再装载器的钉仓的顶部截面图;
图136是处于锁紧构造中的刀具组件的示意平面图;
图137是刀具组件的立体图;
图138是锁紧柄处于锁紧构造中的依照本公开的又一个实施例的钳夹构件以及包括驱动锁定机构的再装载器的刀具的示意图;
图139至图140是具有已安装的钉仓并且锁紧柄分别处于未锁紧和锁紧构造中的钳夹构件的示意图;
图141是依照本公开的又一个实施例的部件被移除并且包括驱动锁定机构的再装载器的局部立体图;
图142是图141中细部的放大部分;
图143是再装载器的钳夹构件的部件分离的分解图;
图144是凸轮块和锁定结构的立体图;
图145是与钳夹构件关联的凸轮块和锁定结构的又一个立体图;
图146是部件被移除的再装载器的局部立体图,图示出没有安装钉仓的情况下的凸轮块和锁定结构;
图147是部件被移除的再装载器的局部立体图,图示出钉仓被安装情况下的凸轮块和锁定结构;
图148是部件被移除并且钉仓已安装的能释放的再装载器的局部立体图;
图149是图148中细部的放大部分;
图150是依照本公开的又一个实施例的部件被移除并且包括驱动锁定机构的再装载器的局部立体图;
图151是图150中细部的放大部分;
图152是被配置为与图150中图示的再装载器一起使用的钉仓的立体图;
图153是图152中细部的放大部分;
图154是钉仓的局部立体图,图示出正好在它的发射之后的刀具;
图155是钉仓的局部立体图,图示出刀具正移到缩回构造;
图156是钉仓的局部立体图,图示出刀具处于缩回构造;
图157是依照处于发射前构造的本公开的又一个实施例的朝向被配置为与包括驱动锁定机构的再装载器一起使用的钉仓组件内观察的局部立体图;以及
图158是依照处于发射后构造的本公开的又一个实施例的朝向被配置为与包括驱动锁定机构的再装载器一起使用的钉仓组件内观察的局部立体图。
具体实施方式
在此公开本公开的详细实施例,然而,公开的实施例仅仅是本公开的示例,可以使本公开以各种形式被具体化。因此,在此公开的具体结构和功能细节不是被解释为限制,而是仅仅作为用于权利要求的基础,以及作为用于教导本领域的技术人员以实质上任何适当详细的结构来以各种方式使用本公开的代表性基础。
根据本公开,各种驱动锁定机构在此被公开并且被配置为与适合于连接到一种或多种手术吻合装置的再装载器一起使用。各种驱动锁定机构被配置为在钉仓没有被安装的情况下防止刀具错误发射,或在安装了用尽的钉仓的情况下防止发射。
图1图示出总体示出为100的动力手术吻合装置。图2图示出总体示出为200的手动手术吻合装置。动力装置包括一个或多个电动机以及内部或外部的电源,然而手动装置具有活动手柄136以及用于驱动装置的功能的机构。见美国专利第5,865,361号,5,782,396号;国际WO04/032,760;公开号2010/0276741的美国专利;以及序列号13/444,228的美国专利申请,这些公开的每一个的全部内容通过引用合并于此。
简要地,手术吻合装置100、200包括壳体102、收缩装置(retractor)136、发射机构116(图2)、从壳体102延伸出的细长构件104以及可释放地连接到细长构件104的远侧端的再装载器106。再装载器106包括具有远侧端的近侧轴部109,该远侧端为包括第一钳夹构件108和第二钳夹构件110的工具组件。第一钳夹构件108被配置为支撑钉仓112,该钉仓112包括多个紧固件117a和相应的多个推动器构件117b,该推动器构件117b与紧固件117a接合(见图3B)。钉仓112包括一个或多个固持狭槽119,该固持狭槽119沿钉仓壳体123的组织接触表面121纵向延伸,并且被配置为容置紧固件117a(图3B)。钉仓壳体123(图3B)被配置为通过一个或多个合适的连接方法而可释放地连接到第一钳夹构件108。可移除和可替换的钉仓组件被公开在序列号为13/280,880,名称为多次使用装载单元(Multi-Use Loading Unit)的美国专利中,该专利的全部内容通过在此引用合并于此。任一个在此公开的实施例中,可移除和可替换的钉仓组件可使用制动器、锁定件、夹子以及类似物被连接到钳夹。第二钳夹构件110设置有砧座111(如图3B中最佳所见),该砧座111限定多个被配置为在紧固件117a从钉仓112弹出时容纳相应的紧固件117a的斗状处或凹处107(见图3A)。
图3B图示出容置在轴109内的部件。驱动构件“D”包括具有支撑刀具10的工作端101的驱动梁103。工作端101包括具有顶部凸缘118a和底部凸缘118b的工字梁构造,并且包括接合致动滑块115的中心支撑楔块113的远侧邻接表面118c(见图3B)。工作端101被配置为通过被限定在钉仓112中的刀具沟槽114(图3B)从缩回位置移动到推进位置,用于切断定位在钳夹108和钳夹110之间的吻合组织。刀片105在吻合操作期间紧接着致动滑块115的后面移动,以便于在组织已被吻合之后,组织中形成切口。
枢转组件150(图3A)设在轴109的远侧端,并且使第一钳夹构件108和第二钳夹构件110连接到轴109。枢转组件150包括可操作地连接到彼此和刀具组件的下部151b和上部151a,以促进工具组件围绕横向于轴104的纵向轴线的轴线的关节式运动(图3B)。
对于再装载器106的结构和操作的更详细的论述,可参考序列号为5,865,361和7,225,963的美国专利,该专利的全部内容通过引用合并于此。
根据本公开,再装载器106包括依照本公开的一个实施例的锁紧机构。更具体地,以及参考图4A至图4B,钉仓壳体123包括被配置为具有容纳和/或可操作地容置一个或多个弹性构件126(见图5)的合适构造的一个或多个凹槽125(图4B)。在所图示的实施例中示出了开设在钉仓112的顶部表面上的单一凹槽125。凹槽125被配置为允许弹性构件126的支腿128a、128b在凹槽125的范围之内弯曲。
继续参考图5,弹性构件126可由任何适合的弹性材料形成,该弹性材料包括但不限于塑料、橡胶、金属等。在图示的实施例中,弹性构件由相对软的塑料制成,并且形成弹性夹子127。弹性夹子127能够从伸出位置(图4A)移动到缩回位置(图10),而且包括大体弓形构造,并且由相对的支腿128a、128b限定,该支腿128a、128b形成大体“U”形构造;该“U”形构造有助于使弹性夹子127定位在凹槽125内。根据本公开,使用钉仓112之前,弹性夹子127在组织接触表面121上方延伸预定距离。为此,支腿128a、128b之一或两者可包括一个或多个凸缘129(图4A和图5),该凸缘129被配置为可释放地接合钉仓112的邻近钉仓112的组织接触表面的近侧端的表面121(图4A)。在图示的实施例中,每个支腿128a、128b包括单个凸缘129。而且,支腿128a、128b之一或两者可具有斜面端或倾斜端131a、131b,斜面端或倾斜端131a、131b被定位为在刀具105从缩回位置朝向推进位置推进时与刀具105的顶部凸缘118a接合。在图示的实施例中,每个支腿128a、128b包括终结在尖端133a、133b的倾斜表面131a、131b。弹性构件126被配置为插入被布置在砧座111上的相应凹槽130(图6和图10)。砧座111上的凹槽130与钉仓112的凹槽125垂直对准,以促进弹性构件126插入凹槽130内。
现在参考图6,图示出砧座111从钳夹构件110分开,来图示凹槽130。凹槽130具有在其中容纳弹性夹子126的合适构造。具体地,倾斜端表面131a、131b被配置为在新插入的(例如,发射前的)钉仓112被连接到钳夹构件108并且钳夹构件108、110接近时(例如见图9)定位在凹槽130内。在伸出构造中,弹性夹子127阻止锁紧构件132(图7)在钳夹构件110的内腔134(例如见图9)内到阻止位置的移动,这将在下文进一步详细地描述。
参考图7,锁紧构件132具有大体细长构造,并且包括远侧端124,该远侧端124可操作地连接到砧座111的侧壁138,以促进锁紧构件132从砧座111的外表面向砧座111的中心向上地和横向地移动到阻碍驱动构件“D”的工作端101移动的位置(图8和图10)。凸轮表面137布置在锁紧构件132的近侧端140,并且被配置为接合布置在刀具105的顶部144上的顶部凸缘118b(图8和图11至图12)。在钉仓112已经被发射之后,凸轮表面137和顶部凸缘118a之间的接合阻止刀具105向远侧移动经过锁紧构件132,这在下文将进一步详细地描述。随着刀具105从推进构造移动到缩回构造(例如见图11),锁紧构件132的侧壁135被配置为接触刀具105的顶部144,以使锁紧构件132从锁紧位置(图12)移动到未阻止位置,来允许刀具从缩回位置移动。
在使用中,当钉仓112没有被连接到钳夹构件108时,锁紧构件132处于锁紧位置,用于接合刀具105(或与其关联的部件,例如顶部凸缘118)。更确切地说,凸轮表面137与刀具105平移的平面齐平,使得锁紧构件132的一端接合顶部凸缘118b,以阻止刀具105向远侧移动经过锁紧构件132(见图12)。因此,当钉仓112还没有被插入钳夹108中时,锁紧构件132阻止装置100、200的发射。
当钉仓112被连接到钳夹构件108时,由于与弹性构件126的接触,锁紧构件132向上枢转(见图8至图9)。当刀具105被发射时(图10),这种接触允许驱动构件“D”的工作端101向远侧移动经过锁紧构件132。具体地,这种接触引起凸轮表面137从工作端101的平移平面离开,并在顶部凸缘118b上方,这反过来阻止凸轮表面137和顶部凸缘118b之间的接合,以便于当工作端101推进时,允许刀具105向远侧移动经过锁紧构件132。实质上,随着刀具105向远侧平移,顶部凸缘118b在凸轮表面137下方滑动。
随着工作端101推进,顶部凸缘118b和尖端133a、133b和/或倾斜表面131a、131b之间的接触导致凸缘129从钉仓112的组织接触表面121脱离,这反过来导致尖端133a、133b和/或倾斜表面131a、131b降到工作端101(图10)的平移平面下方。这允许锁紧构件132返回到它的阻止工作端101向远侧移动的最初构造(图11)。
当工作端101向近侧移回到它的缩回构造时,顶部144接触锁紧构件132的侧壁135(图8),以使锁紧构件132朝砧座111的侧壁138侧向枢转。一旦顶部144已经向近侧移动经过锁紧构件132的凸轮表面137,锁紧构件132则再次返回到它的最初构造。在它的最初构造中,凸轮表面137与工作端101的平移平面齐平,并且被定位为接合工作端101的顶部144(图12)。
锁紧构件132和弹性构件126的独特构造克服上述的典型地与传统的手术吻合装置有关的缺点。具体地,当钉仓112没有被连接到钳夹108时或当钉仓112已经早已被发射时,锁紧构件132阻止吻合装置100、200的发射。
由前文并且参考各种附图,本领域的技术人员将意识到也可以在不脱离本公开范围的情况下对本公开做出某些修改。例如,尽管手术吻合装置100、200已经在此被描述为包括一个锁紧构件132和一个相应的弹性构件126,但是使用两个以上锁紧构件132和相应的弹性构件126是在本公开的范围内。
此外,尽管手术吻合装置100、200已经在此被描述为使用再装载器106,但是以上描述的驱动锁定机构可被支撑在任一个具有可替换钉仓的吻合器的工具组件上。
另外,包括其它类型的锁紧机构的再装载器也可与手术吻合装置100、200一起使用。下述的再装载器在概念和设计方面相似于再装载器106。因此,详细描述仅仅只有以下描述的再装载器的实施例才有的那些部件。
参考图13至图35,并且最初参考图13至图14,再装载器206包括依照本公开的另一个实施例的锁紧机构,并且被配置为与手术吻合装置100、200一起使用(图1和图2)。
再装载器206主要为如上文所描述的,但是锁紧机构的构造如下文所描述的已经改变。再装载器206包括支撑工具组件207的轴209,该工具组件207分别包括钳夹构件208、210。钳夹构件208被配置为可释放地接合钉仓212,并且钳夹构件210设有砧座211。钳夹构件208、210以如上文关于钳夹构件108、110所描述的方式运行。
枢转组件250被配置为以如上文关于枢转组件150所描述的方式运行,并且包括上部251a和下部251b(例如见图15)。然而,不同于下部151b,下部251b被配置为可操作地支撑一对锁定件232a、232b,该锁定件232a、232b可操作以将驱动构件“D”的工作端101锁紧在缩回构造。更具体地,下部251b包括一对向远侧延伸的支腿构件253a、253b(图15和图25)。支腿构件253a、253b彼此分隔开预定距离,以容纳刀具205(图15),以便允许工作端101通过手术吻合装置100、200的发射顺序而移动,这将在下文中更详细地描述。
具有合适构造的搁板状物(shelf)255(图24至图25)设在下部251b上,并关于锁定件232a、232b定位在近侧。搁板状物255延伸横跨下部251b,并被配置为分别支撑锁定件232a、232b的指状部257a、257b。一对分隔开的保持器259a、259b设在下部251b上,并且邻近搁板状物255定位。保持器259a、259b从下部251b向远侧延伸,以便于保持器259a、259b的远侧面与搁板状物255的远侧边对准(图26)。保持器259a、259b被配置为接合指状部257a、257b,以维持指状部257a、257b和搁板状物255之间的直接接触。在一个实施例中,保持器259a、259b可用一个沿搁板状物255的总体长度延伸的保持器替代。
继续参考图25,支腿构件253b包括大体平面的中间部265b(图15和图25),该中间部265b在其中限定具有合适构造的空腔261b,该空腔261b被配置为容置如压缩弹簧的弹簧267(图26)。中间部265b以朝支腿构件253b的前端部269b方向倾斜。前端部269b从中间部265b向远侧延伸,并且包括大体平面的顶部表面271b(图25),该顶部表面271b在中间部265b上凸出预定距离。顶部表面271b被配置为接触钉仓212的偏置凸缘部273b(图24)。前端部269b的近侧面272b(图26)朝中间部265b方向倾斜,以及侧壁274b在远离顶部表面271b的向外方向上倾斜(图25)。具有合适构造的空腔263b被限定在前端部269b中,并且被配置为容置如压缩弹簧(图26)的可选弹簧270。弹簧270可被配置为使钉仓212偏置到打开位置。
第二前端部269a从支腿构件253a的中间部(未明确示出)向远侧延伸,并限定被配置为容置弹簧270的空腔263a(图25)。前端部269a包括大体平面的顶部表面271a(图25),该顶部表面271a接触钉仓212的相应的偏置凸缘部273a(图24)。支腿构件253a的中间部包括被配置为容置弹簧267的空腔(未明确示出)。
参考图16至图19,致动滑块215类似于致动滑块115,并且包括中心支撑件213。然而,不同于致动滑块115,致动滑块215包括阻止构件217。阻止构件217可与致动滑块215一体成形,或阻止构件217可为分离的部件,该部件通过一个或多个合适的如压入配合、摩擦配合、粘附等的连接方法而连接到致动滑块215。在图示的实施例中,致动滑块215和阻止构件217通过注模工艺以分离部件的方式成形,而且随后通过压入配合连接到彼此。阻止构件217包括大体由曲线组成的底座部219,该底座部219与设在致动滑块215底部上的相应凹槽221互补。当致动滑块215处于装配构造(图18和图20)时,制动器223设在致动滑块215的底座部219,并邻接中心楔块213的底部表面225。当已装载的钉仓212连接到钳夹208(图30)时,阻止构件217被配置为接触锁定件232a、232b的一对远侧突出物234a、234b(图21至图22)。在进一步实施例中,一个或多个锁定件可被使用。
现在参考图21至图22,锁定件232a、232b可经由任何适当的工艺成形,并且分别包括近侧端236a、236b以及远侧端238a、238b。主体部240a、240b设在相应的近侧端236a、236b,并被配置为当刀具205在缩回构造(图26至图29和图33至图34)中时,接触凸缘218b。凸缘218b和主体部240a、240b之间的这种接触使锁定件232a、232b维持在未锁定构造中。
锁定件232a、232b的侧向延伸部242a、242b包括从近侧端236a、236b延伸的大体弓形肩部243a、243b,并且具有邻接主体部240a、240b的侧壁241a、241b的相应的臂245a、245b。臂245a、245b的远侧端被接纳在限定在主体部242a、242b的相应的孔247a、247b内(图21至图22)。指状部257a、257b由肩部243a、243b以大体正交方向延伸,并且向搁板状物255接近,用于与相应保持器259a、259b的接合。臂245a、245b被配置为接合设于支腿构件253a、253b上的弹簧267,以使锁定件232a、232b沿向下的方向偏置(图28)。
继续参考图21至图22,由主体部240a、240b向远侧延伸的为细长构件248a、248b,尾部表面260a、260b由该细长构件248a、248b以大体正交方向延伸,并且终结在突出物234a、234b。突出物234a、234b被配置为选择性接合凹槽254,该凹槽254设在钳夹构件208的下侧,见图24与图31的结合。当突出物234a、234b与凹槽254接合时(图35),突出物234a、234b和/或尾部表面260a、260b被配置为接合驱动构件“D”的工作端201的凸缘218b。由突出物234a、234b向远侧延伸的为倾斜的前部表面249a、249b,该前部表面249a、249b被配置为当刀具205向近侧移回到缩回构造时,接触刀具205的凸缘218b。前部表面249a、249b允许凸缘218b滑过突出物234a、234b,以允许工作端201向近侧移回到缩回构造(图32)。
在此描述使用再装载器206的手术吻合装置100、200的操作。最初地,钳夹构件208、210可处于打开构造中,以将钉仓212装载到钳夹构件208上(图14和图26至图27)。在打开构造中,工作端201处于完全缩回构造中,并且凸缘218b接触主体部240a、240b。而且,臂部245b被紧靠弹簧267挤压。
随后,钉仓212可被插入钳夹构件208。在已装载的结构中,阻止构件217设在凹槽254上,并且与突出物234a、234b接触,这样不允许突出物234a、234b在致动滑块215和/或驱动构件“D”被发射之前接合凹槽254(图28至图29)。
此后,包括钳夹构件208、210的再装载器206可通过例如套管针(或其它合适的装置)的入口插入,并且定位在患者的邻近重要组织的空腔内。组织可被定位在钳夹构件208、210之间,并且钳夹构件208、210可向彼此接近来抓紧组织,用于吻合组织。
当工作端201推进来吻合和切断组织时,凸缘218b向远侧平移并且移出与主体部240a、240b的接合。然而,由于阻止构件217覆盖凹槽254,并与突出物234b接触,因此工作端210能够自由的继续向远侧移动并接触致动滑块215的中心凸轮楔块213,这反过来使阻止构件217移出与突出物234a、234b的接触。因此,由于弹簧267的偏置,允许突出物234a、234b接合凹槽254(图31)。
在吻合和切断组织之后,工作端210可向近侧移动,并且返回到它的完全缩回构造。更具体地,刀具205的凸缘218b接触并滑过前部表面249a、249b,以便允许工作端210移回到它的完全缩回构造(图32至图33)。刀具205的凸缘218b接触主体部240a、240b,并且阻止突出物234a、234b接合凹槽254。因此,钳夹构件208、210可向彼此接近以在不阻碍突出物234a、234b的情况下通过入口移除(图34)。也就是说,由于阻止突出物234a、234b接合凹槽254,因此如果没有被消除,突出物234a、234b接触入口的可能性就减少。锁定件232a、232b阻止刀具205的向前移动,直到手术吻合装置100、200装载未使用的钉仓组件为止。
根据本公开,如果凸缘218b将脱离与主体部240a、240b的接触,那么提供弹簧267紧靠臂部245a、245b的偏置力将导致突出物234a、234b和/或尾部表面260a、260b接合凹槽254,并且贯穿凹槽254延伸预定距离以接合凸缘218b,而且因此阻止刀具205经其向远侧移动(图35)。
参考图36至图47,再装载器306包括依照本公开的另一个实施例的锁紧机构,并且被配置为与手术吻合装置100、200一起使用(图1和图2)。
最初参考图37和图42,枢转组件350的下部351b包括两个分隔开的竖直延伸部359a、359b,该延伸部359a、359b邻近搁板状物355设置,以对于锁紧构件343形成固持区域。更具体地,延伸部359a、359b关于搁板状物355远侧安置,并延伸超出搁板状物355上方预定距离,以接合锁紧构件343,来阻止锁紧构件343向远侧移动经过延伸部359a、359b。延伸部359a、359b由彼此分隔开预定距离,以便于通过手术吻合装置100、200的发射顺序,允许工作端301推进。
继续参考图42,支腿构件353b从延伸部359b延伸,并且包括大体平面的顶部表面365b,该顶部表面365b限定被配置为容置如压缩弹簧的可选弹簧367的空腔361b(见图45)。爪状部369b由顶部表面365b以大体竖直方向延伸,并被配置为连接到锁定件332的相应铰接构件344b(图42和图44),以便允许铰接构件344b围绕其枢转,以促进锁紧构件343沿驱动梁构件303的凹口360和/或远侧顶部表面364b的滑动(图43)。支腿构件353b的远侧面372b(图42)限定被配置为容置如压缩弹簧(图44至图45)的弹簧370的空腔363b。弹簧370包括预定弹性系数,并被配置为接触锁定件332的侧向延伸部345b,以使锁定件332偏置到大体竖直构造。
延伸部359a与延伸部359b相同,并包括全部的关于延伸部359b描述的上述部件。因此,没有提供延伸部359a的详细描述。
现在参考图40至图41,图示出锁定件332。不同于锁定件232,锁定件332为具有成形在近侧端341的锁紧构件343以及包括两(2)个由锁紧构件343向远侧延伸的大体细长构件342a、342b的分叉构造的单一部件。构件342a、342b由彼此分隔开预定距离直到驱动构件“D”的工作端301在手术装置100、200的发射顺序期间在构件342a、342b之间移动。
铰接构件344a、344b设在相应构件342a、342b的中间部,并包括大体弓形构造。每个铰接构件344a、344b从构件342a、342b正交地延伸预定距离,并且从构件342a、342b向外弯曲,来可枢转地接合相应的爪状部369a、369b,以在锁紧构件343沿驱动梁构件303滑动时,允许锁定件332枢转。
一对突出物334a、334b设置在锁定件332的远侧端,并被配置为在钉仓312连接到钳夹构件308时,接触阻止构件317(图45)。具体地,当突出物334a、334b接触阻止构件317时,锁定件332关于凸出锁紧构件343预定距离的铰接构件344a、344b枢转,并脱离与凹口360的接合,这将在下文更详细地描述。
侧向延伸部345a、345b关于突出物334a、334b定位在近侧,并且在连接到枢转组件350时,邻近螺旋弹簧370用于与螺旋弹簧370接触来以大体向上方向推动突出物344a、344b。侧向延伸部345b被配置为在锁定件332枢转时(图44至图45),使螺旋弹簧370保持在空腔363b内。同样地,侧向延伸部345a被配置为在锁定件332枢转时,使螺旋弹簧370保持在相应空腔(未明确示出)内。
图43图示出驱动梁构件303的远侧端。不同于驱动梁构件103,驱动梁构件303共同限定凹口360。具体地,凹口360设置为邻近驱动梁构件303的远侧端连接到刀具305的位置,如图43中最佳所见。凹口360可通过合适的方法在驱动梁构件303的加工期间成形,该方法包括但不限于浸蚀、冲压、切割等。凹口360包括大体竖直的近侧壁361,该近侧端361从大体平面的中间部362延伸。壁361向上延伸以与驱动梁构件303的近侧顶部表面364a相接,并被配置为选择性接合锁定件332的锁紧柄343来锁紧刀具305,以便于阻止刀具305的错误发射,这在下文更详细地描述。斜面部363从中间部362向远侧延伸,并朝凹口360的远侧端设置。斜面部363可以任何合适的角度从中间部362向远侧延伸,并被配置为在刀具305向近侧和远侧平移时,可滑动地接合锁紧柄343。斜面部363向远侧延伸以与驱动梁构件303的远侧顶部表面364b相接。远侧顶部表面364b被配置为在刀具305移动到缩回构造时,允许锁紧柄343在其上滑动。
在此描述使用再装载器306的手术吻合装置100、200的操作。最初地,钳夹构件308、310可处于打开构造中以将钉仓312装载到钳夹构件308上(图44)。根据图36至图47中图示的实施例,在钉仓312没被连接到钳夹构件308时,驱动构件“D”的工作端301被锁紧。更具体地,螺旋弹簧370接触侧向延伸部345a、345b(图44中,仅图示螺旋弹簧370接触延伸部345b),以沿大体向上方向推动突出物343a、343b,而且锁紧构件343以大体向下方向进入凹口360并且进入与近侧壁361的接触中。近侧壁361和锁紧构件343之间的这种接触使工作端301维持在锁紧构造中。
此后,钉仓312可被装载到钳夹构件308上。在已装载的结构中,阻止构件317被定位为与突出物334a、334b接触。突出物334a、334b和阻止构件317之间的这种接触以大体向下方向推动突出物334a、334b,并且导致锁定件332关于枢转构件344a、344b枢转,这反过来导致锁紧构件343以大体向上方向枢转,并脱离与近侧壁361的接触,见图45;锁紧构件343处于这种构造中,刀具305可以被发射。
当工作端301被推进以吻合和切断组织时,阻止构件317与致动滑块一起向远侧移动,进而脱离与突出物334a、334b的接触(图46)。因此,由于弹簧370的偏置,突出物334a、334b以大体向上方向再次被推动,而且锁紧构件343以大体向下方向被推动。
在吻合和切断组织之后,工作端301可向近侧移动,并返回到它的完全缩回构造。随着工作端301向近侧移动,锁紧构件343沿近侧顶部表面364a滑动预定距离,直到锁紧构件343向下被推入凹口360以及进入与近侧壁361接触时为止。由于锁紧构件343与凹口360接合,刀具305被锁紧并被阻止错误发射。
参考图48至图59,再装载器406包括依照本公开的一个实施例的锁紧机构,并且被配置为与图示的手术吻合装置100、200一起使用。可以按照上文描述的大体配置装载单元406。
开始参考图48至图51,再装载器406包括钉仓412,该钉仓412形似于之前描述的如钉仓112的钉仓组件。然而,不同于钉仓112,一个或多个凹进的平台区427a、427b设置为邻近钉仓412的组织接触表面421的近侧端,如图51中最佳所见。
孔420通过平台区427a限定,并被配置为接纳致动器432的支柱433(图51)。孔420被配置为在头部434由被布置在刀具405上的顶部凸缘418b接触时(图48至图49),允许支柱433和致动器432的头部434的转动。在发射前的构造(如在顶部凸缘418b接触头部434之前)中,头部434安置在平台区427a(图56)。在发射后的构造(如在顶部凸缘418b接触头部434之后)中,头部434在平台区427a上凸出预定距离(图58)。
具有合适构造的一对孔425a、425b通过钉仓壳体423的底部内壁422限定,并被配置为在其中接纳相应的铆钉424a、424b(图51)。孔425a与孔420垂直对准,以使支柱433与联锁件450对准(见图51和图56)。
参考图52至图53,图示出致动器432。致动器432在孔420内能从最初构造转动到最终构造,在最初构造中,头部434安置在平台区427a并且支柱433与联锁件450接合(图56),在最终构造中,头部434凸出平台区427a,并且支柱433从联锁件450脱离(图58)。当支柱433与联锁件450接合时,工作端401能够自由的向远侧移动(图50和图56)。相反地,当支柱433从联锁件450脱离时,工作端401被锁紧,并不能向远侧移动(图58和图59)。
继续参考图52至图53,支柱433从头部434延伸出,并且包括大体细长的、圆柱形构造。凹口436设置为邻近支柱433的底部,并由大体半球形的顶部表面437限定,该顶部表面437由半圆形外周边缘和内部直线边缘439限定。边缘439与具有合适构造的壁447相接,该合适构造以大体正交方向从顶部表面437延伸,以与内部直线边缘443相接,该内部直线边缘443与半圆形外周边缘445相接。直线边缘443和外周边缘445限定大体半球形底部表面449。一对斜角侧边缘441a、441b设置在壁447上,并分别在底部表面449和顶部表面437之间延伸,有助于支柱433关于联锁件450的转动。
头部434包括由侧壁455结合的顶部表面451a、底部表面451b,该侧壁455以曲线方式围绕顶部表面451a、底部表面451b延伸,以形成大体圆锥状的构造(图52至图53)。如见图55,当致动器432和工作端401处于发射前的构造中时,头部434的尖端451被配置为至少局部延伸在刀具沟槽414内。突出物452设置在底部表面451b上,并被配置为接触内部边缘453(图55和图59),该内部边缘453延伸进入刀具沟槽414。突出物452可包括任何合适的构造。例如在图示的实施例中,突出物452包括如圆点状构造的大体圆形结构。当突出物452接触邻近平台区427a(图56)布置的内部边缘453时,突出物452的圆形构造促进在平台区427a上凸出头部434。另外,内部边缘453可为斜面/倾斜(图56和图58),或配置为当突出物接触内部边缘453时促进在平台427a上凸出头部434的其他结构。
弹簧470(如螺旋弹簧或其它合适的弹性构件(图50至图51))可操作地连接到支柱433,并被配置为使致动器432以向下方向偏置。更具体地,弹簧470被配置为接触内壁454,该内壁454位于钉仓412的组织接触表面421下面(图56和图58)。一个或多个合适的连接方法和/或设备可被使用以使弹簧470连接到支柱433。在图示的实施例中,例如锁紧垫圈471被用来使弹簧470连接到支柱433(图51)。锁紧垫圈471还被用来使致动器432的支柱433可转动地固定在孔420内。
参考图54,图示出联锁件450。联锁件450在孔425a内能从最初构造转动到最终构造,在最初构造中,联锁件450与支柱433的侧壁447接合(图56),在最终构造中,联锁件450从侧壁447脱离(图58),并与铆钉424b接合(图59)。当联锁件450与侧壁447接合时,联锁件450被定位在工作端401的平移轨道的外侧,并且工作端401能够自由的向远侧移动(图50和图56)。相反地,当联锁件450从侧壁447脱离时,联锁件450被定位在工作端401的平移轨道内侧,并且工作端401被锁紧并不能向远侧移动(例如见图58和图59)。
继续参考图54,联锁件450包括具有近侧端426和远侧端428的阶梯构造。近侧端426包括具有相对平的顶部表面429的大体矩形构造,该顶部表面429被配置为在其上接纳支柱433的底部表面449(图50)。联锁件450的底部表面(未明确示出)被配置为在联锁件450转动时,沿底部内壁422滑动。侧壁431c从底部表面延伸并与顶部表面429相接,该顶部表面429形成边缘431d。侧壁431c形成第一台阶并被配置为在联锁件处于发射后构造中时接触铆钉424b(图59)。具有合适构造的大体矩形竖直延伸部430设置在顶部表面429上,并包括形成第二台阶的内侧壁部431a、431b。侧壁部431a从顶部表面429的近侧边缘以直线方式延伸预定距离。侧壁部431b从侧壁部431a的远侧端以一定角度延伸预定距离。在发射前的构造中,支柱433的侧壁447与侧壁部431a齐平(图50)。当支柱433在发射顺序期间转动时,侧壁441a、441b的斜角构造结合侧壁部431b延伸的角度,促进使支柱433和联锁件450从它们的发射前构造移动到它们的发射后构造。
大体圆周的侧壁460(图54)设置在远侧端428,并包括穿过侧壁460限定的具有合适构造的孔435。孔435被配置为在其中接纳铆钉424a,用于使联锁件450连接到钉仓壳体423。铆钉424a被配置为允许联锁件450从发射前构造到发射后构造的转动(见图50至图51和图59)。
如扭转弹簧467的具有合适弹性系数的弹簧467通过一个或多个合适的连接方法和/或设备可操作地连接到联锁件450的底部表面(图51)。弹簧467被配置为使联锁件450向发射前的构造偏置,如图59中最佳所见。在发射后的构造中,侧壁431c接合铆钉424b,以阻止联锁件450超过预定位置的转动,并锁紧工作端401(图59)。
在使用中,致动器432最初是处于尖端451在工作端401的平移轨道中的发射前构造中(图50和图55至图56)。此后,工作端401可被推进,以及凸缘442接触致动器432的头部434,这反过来导致支柱433转动以及突出物452沿内部边缘453向上滑动并到平台427a上。随着支柱433转动,侧壁447关于侧壁431a转动,并由于弹簧470的向上偏置,开始凸出延伸部430。
一旦突出物452移入平台427a的位置,侧壁447将被充分地凸出,以便脱离侧壁431a(图57至图59)。由此,借助弹簧467的偏置,联锁件450被迫转动,直到侧壁431d接触铆钉424b时为止(图58至图59)。
工作端401可被移回到它的克服弹簧467的偏置力的缩回、发射前的构造。更具体地,工作端401的尾部表面(未明确示出,例如见图3B中尾部表面118d)接触侧壁431c,以便于向近侧推动联锁件450,并脱离与铆钉424b的接合,直到工作端401移动经过其并移动到它的缩回、发射前的构造为止。尾部表面理想地为凸轮表面或倾斜表面以促进这个过程。一旦工作端401移回到它的缩回、发射前构造,联锁件450通过弹簧467再次被迫前移,并进入与铆钉424b的接触中(图59)。由于联锁件450与铆钉424b的接触,工作端401被锁紧并被阻止向远侧平移。
参考图60至图76,再装载器506包括依照本公开的一个实施例的锁紧机构,并被配置为与图示的手术吻合装置100、200一起使用。
最初参考图60至图61,再装载器506包括锁定组件530,该锁定组件530被配置为锁定工作端501以在钉仓512没连接到钳夹构件508时或用尽的钉仓512连接到钳夹构件508时,阻止工作端501的错误发射。致动器532设置在钉仓512的近侧端,并被配置为选择性地使锁定组件530从锁定构造脱离以允许驱动构件“D”的工作端501的推进(图62至图66)。再装载器可大体如上文所论述的构造。
继续参考图62至图65,致动器532可操作地连接到致动滑块515,并被定位在楔块构件513b、513c之间,楔块构件513b、513c被定位到中心支撑楔块513a的右侧。致动器532在楔块构件513a、513b之间能从最初构造(见图60,62至64和图73至图74)向远侧平移到最终构造(见图75至图76)。致动器532由于与多个成对的推动器517b中的相应的推动器518接触而被维持在最初构造中,该成对推动器517b被配置为在被楔块构件513b、513c接触时弹出相应的紧固件517a(例如,见图65与73的结合)。在图示的实施例中,相应的推动器518首先被定位在多个推动器517的外排中(例如见图73和图75)。可选择地,单一指定推动器(未示出)可被用来接合致动器532,这个单一指定推动器可被配置为推动相应的紧固件,或可运行以使致动器532容易维持在最初构造中。楔块构件513c被配置为接触推动器518,并沿向上的方向移动推动器518,以展开手术紧固件517a中相应的一个。
弹性构件567(或其它合适的设备,如弹簧)被配置为接触致动器532的近侧端532a,以使致动器532的远侧端532b紧靠在推动器517b偏置(图60、图63至图65)。具体地,弹性构件567设置在钉仓512的底部或盖板561上(如图65中最佳所见)。弹簧567包括大体细长构造,并成一定角度地以大体向内的方式从盖板561向远侧延伸,来使致动器532向远侧偏置进入与推动器518的接触中。弹性构件567可包括任何合适的弹性系数或结构或形状。依照本公开,合适的弹性系数将充分允许弹性构件567使致动器532紧靠在推动器518偏置,并使致动器532平移预定距离经过推动器518,这将在下文更详细地描述。
致动器532可由任何合适的材料形成,该材料包括但不限于金属、塑料等。在图示的实施例中,致动器532由如金属片的金属形成,并包括分别具有近侧端532a和远侧端532b的大体细长的构造(图65和图67)。
远侧端532b包括前缘533,该前缘533被配置为接合相应的推动器518的后缘518a(图65和图75)。在实施例中,诸如图示的实施例,前缘533包括大体弓形构造(如槽沟),以促进与后缘518a的接触,该后缘518a包括前缘533的互补的弓形构造(如舌状片)。可选择地,前缘533和后缘518a可以为相对平的形状,或可具有一些其它形状。
在如发射后构造的最终构造中,前缘533超过后缘518a延伸预定距离。前缘533可超过后缘518a延伸的预定距离可从大约.050英寸到大约.070英寸范围内。换句话说,致动器532通过弹性构件567已经向远侧移动远离锁定构件540。
凹口535设置在致动器532上,并由后壁部535a限定,该后壁部535a从顶部表面535b正交地延伸(图67)。凹口535被配置为接合从设置在钉仓512内的顶部内壁向下延伸的阻止构件536(图73和图75)。阻止构件536被配置为接触后壁部535a,以限制致动器532在发射顺序期间的远侧平移,以便于前缘533在上述的指定范围内延伸超过后缘518a。此外,阻止构件536和顶部表面535b可适合于当致动器532在楔块构件513b、513c之间平移时用于引导致动器532。
具有合适构造的大体细长的指状部531设置在近侧端532a,并由近侧端532a向近侧延伸,以在钉仓512连接到钳夹构件508时,使锁定组件530移入发射前的构造,见图64和图67。在图示的实施例中,指状部531的近侧端531a从近侧端532a向内延伸,以从近侧端532a侧向地偏置指状部531。可选择地,指状部531可设置在致动器532的内侧壁532c上(图67)。指状部531从近侧端532a偏移,以在钉仓512被连接到钳夹构件508时,与锁定组件530对准并连接(图63至图64)。
参考图60、图62至图64、图66和图68,图示出锁定组件530。如上述提到的,锁定组件530被配置为锁定工作端501,以在钉仓512未连接到钳夹构件508时或在用尽的钉仓512连接到钳夹构件508时,阻止工作端501的错误发射。由于考虑到这个目的,锁定组件530可操作地被定位在钳夹508的近侧端,并位于枢转组件550的远侧(图62至图63)。锁定组件530包括三个主要部件:锁紧柄540、固定构件560以及弹性夹子570。
继续参考图68,锁紧柄540包括具有合适构造的底座部540a,该底座部540a被配置为安置在设于钳夹构件508的近侧端的凹槽542内,如见图64和图66。底座部540a的底部表面设置有被配置为接纳在相应孔544a内(如图66中最佳所见)的大体圆周突出物(未明确示出),该孔544a设置在凹槽542内,并通过钳夹构件508的底壁部限定。在装配构造中,突出物被配置为在锁紧柄540被指状部531接触时,允许锁紧柄540在凹槽542内的转动,见图62至图64。
大体弓形的切口540b设置在底座部540a上,并且包括被配置为接触相应侧壁542a的尖端540c,该侧壁542a有助于限定凹槽542(见图64和图67)。此外,具有合适构造的圆凸540d以大体正交方向从底座部540a延伸出,并被配置为接触指状部531。更具体地,当钉仓512连接到钳夹构件508时,致动器532的指状部531接触圆凸540d,并使锁紧柄540转动,直到圆凸540d接触固定构件560的后缘564,并且尖端540c接触凹槽542的侧壁542a为止(图64)。此外,尖端540c被配置为在致动器532的指状部531从圆凸540d脱离后,接触并紧靠驱动梁构件503的底部503a滑动(图73),这将在下文更详细地描述。
凸起540e设置在底座部540a上,并由支柱540f支撑,该支柱540f从底座部540a延伸出(见图68至图70)。凸起540e包括大体圆周构造,并被配置为可转动地接合相应的开口562,该开口562设置在固定构件560上,用于使锁紧柄540固定在凹槽542内。支柱540f包括大体椭圆形结构,并被配置为接纳在弹性夹子570的分隔开的支腿部571a、571b之间(如图69至图70A最佳所见),以便允许包括在孔544a内的锁紧柄540的转动。更具体地,支腿部571a、571b被配置为偏置支柱540f,以及由此锁紧柄540进入锁定构造中。更具体地,当钉仓512被连接到钳夹构件508时,指状部531接触圆凸540d,并向近侧推动圆凸540d,这反过来使支柱540f局部转动,进入与由支腿部571a、571b提供的偏置力的接触,并且克服由支腿部571a、571b提供的偏置力(图70B)。当指状部531移出与圆凸540d的接触时,尖端540c被推入与驱动梁构件503的底部503a接触,并紧靠驱动梁构件503的底部503a滑动,直到工作端501向近侧移动经过尖端540c并回到缩回构造的这时为止。一旦工作端501移动到缩回构造,锁紧构件540的尖端540c则被移回到锁定构造。由支柱540f上的支腿部571a、571b提供的偏置力阻止工作端501移动经过尖端540c。也就是说,由支柱540f上的支腿部571a、571b提供的偏置力比被用来发射和/或使工作端501向远侧平移的力更大,因此,支腿部571a、571b没有由于工作端501向远侧移动时工作端501和尖端540c之间的接触而远离彼此移动(图70a)。
支腿部571a、571b与弹性夹子570的大体弓形近侧端572相接(图68至图70)。近侧端572的弓形结构提供合适的弹性系数,并被配置为在支柱540f接触支腿部571a、571b时,允许支腿部571a、571b弯曲或远离彼此移动预定距离。具有合适构造的孔576设置为邻近近侧端572,并且被配置为接纳贯穿孔576的相应凸起563,该凸起563设置在固定构件560的底部表面(图68)。
固定构件560包括具有在它的远侧端的开口562和在它的近侧端的凸起563的大体细长结构,以使锁紧柄540固定到钳夹构件508(图68)。具体地,凸起540e被定位在孔562内,并且凸起563通过孔576和通过孔544b被定位,该孔544b邻近孔544a设置在凹槽542内(见图66)。
在使用中,锁紧柄540最初处于尖端540c横过刀具沟槽514定位的锁定构造中(图62至图63),以阻止工作端501的远侧平移。此后,钉仓512可被连接到钳夹构件508。这样做时,指状部531接触圆凸540d并向近侧推动圆凸540d,以使在凹槽542内的锁紧柄540局部转动。锁紧柄540在凹槽542内转动,直到圆凸540d接触后缘564并且尖端540c接触侧壁542c为止(图73至图74)。这时,支柱540f使支腿部571a、571b远离彼此移动,并通过从其中提供的力被偏置(图70B)。伴随地,弹簧567使致动器532紧靠推动器518向远侧偏置(结合图74参见图63)。
由于锁紧柄540和致动器532处于发射前的构造,包括致动滑块515的工作端501可被发射以吻合,以及随后切断吻合组织。当被发射时,包括滑块515的工作端501向远侧移动,并且楔块513c接触推动器518,以便于允许致动器532以在上文所描述的方式向远侧移动预定距离。致动器532的远侧平移允许锁紧柄540移回到锁定构造(图75至图76)。具体地,当工作端501经过锁紧柄540向近侧移动到缩回构造时,克服弹性夹子570的偏置的锁紧柄540移回到锁定构造。一旦处于缩回构造中,工作端501由于通过支腿部571a、571b在支柱540f上提供偏置力,就被锁定而不能经过尖端540c向远侧平移。
参考图77至图92,再装载器606包括依照本公开的一个实施例的锁紧机构,并被配置为与图示的手术吻合装置100、200一起使用。
最初参考图77至图78,再装载器606包括锁定组件630和致动器632,它们共同地被配置为锁紧工作端601,以阻止在钉仓612被连接到钳夹构件608之后工作端601的错误发射。致动器632设置在钉仓612的近侧端,并被配置为选择性地接合锁定组件630,该锁定组件630设置在钳夹构件608的近侧端(如见78至图81)。
具有合适构造的凹口603a被限定在邻近工作端601的驱动梁构件603的远侧端(图78)。凹口603a包括被配置为在锁紧柄640处于锁定构造中时,接触锁定组件630的锁紧柄640的至少一部分的近侧壁603b(如见图92)。
继续参考图78至图81和图85,致动器632可操作地连接到钉仓612,并被配置为选择性地接合锁紧柄640。致动器632包括分别具有近侧端632a和远侧端632b的大体细长结构。远侧端632b包括向内凸出的突出物634,并被配置为接触被布置在邻近中心凸轮楔613的顶部表面的致动滑块615上的凸轮结构件616(图85)。具有合适构造的突起636设置在致动器632的底部表面634c上,并被配置为可动地安置在具有设在钉仓612的近侧端的互补构造的相应孔622a内(见图80与图85的结合)。具体地,突起636被配置为在突出物634随致动滑块615向远侧移动而被凸轮结构件616接触时,以大体侧向或横向的方向移动。
支撑结构638邻近近侧端632a设置在底部表面632c上,并包括杆部638a和支柱部638b(图84)。杆部638a被配置为接纳在设在钉仓612的近侧端的凹槽642内(图84)。杆部638a包括大体细长构造,并包括在其远侧端的制动器637(图84)。制动器637相对于突起636布置在近侧,并被接纳在邻近孔622b而设在钉仓612的近侧端的相应的孔632b内(图78和图85)。制动器637被配置为使致动器632连接到钉仓612,以便于允许突起636以上文所描述的方式在孔622a内移动。具体地,在凸轮构件616和突出物634之间的接触导致致动器632关于制动器637枢转,这反过来导致突起636在孔622a内向侧向移动。支柱部638b以大体正交方向从底部表面632c延伸,并被配置为在钉仓612被连接到钳夹构件608时接触锁紧构件640,并且使锁紧构件640转动到未锁紧构造。而且,当致动器632关于制动器637枢转时,支柱部638b移出与锁紧柄640的接触,并允许锁紧柄640返回到锁定构造(图87至图88和图91至图92)。
锁定组件630包括锁紧柄640、弹簧670以及如铆钉660的固定构件,例如见图81。弹簧670可为包括螺旋的、扭转的等任何合适的弹簧类型。在图示的实施例中,弹簧670为扭转弹簧的形式,并且包括两个支腿构件671a、671b,该支腿构件671a、671b缠绕并彼此结合,以形成具有合适构造的中心孔670a(图81)。中心孔670a与通过锁紧构件640限定的孔641对准,并被配置为经由其接纳铆钉660,以使锁紧柄640连接到钳夹构件608。支腿部671a、671b被配置为使锁紧柄640偏置在锁定构造中。具体地,一个或多个支腿部671a、671b(如支腿部671a)被配置为接触设在锁紧柄640上的枢转构件643,以使锁紧柄640偏置在锁定构造中(见图78、图88、图90和图92)。铆钉660的顶部660b被配置为使弹簧670和锁紧柄640连接到彼此(图78)。
参考图82至图83,图示出锁紧柄640。锁紧柄640包括分别具有近侧端640a和远侧端640b的大体矩形构造。枢转构件643以大体正交的方向从锁紧构件640的顶部表面640c延伸,并包括由中间侧壁部640f结合的近侧侧壁640d和远侧侧壁640e。近侧侧壁640d包括大体弓形构造,并邻近铆钉660的顶部660b定位,以促进锁紧柄640关于铆钉660的转动。远侧侧壁640e倾斜以在钉仓612正被连接到钳夹构件608时,促进与致动器632的支柱部638b接触。
继续参考图82至图83,顶部表面640c从锁紧柄640的底部表面(未明确示出)延伸预定距离,以便于在钉仓612正被连接到钳夹构件608时,允许致动器632的支柱部638b沿顶部表面640c滑动,并且接触远侧侧壁640e(图78)。近侧端640a包括具有相对平的构造的近侧壁640k以及圆形内侧角部640g,圆形内侧角部640g被配置为在工作端601向远侧和/或近侧平移时,沿驱动梁构件603的下部滑动(图90)。近侧壁640k被配置为选择性接合凹口603a。角部640g与分别具有近侧侧壁部640j和远侧侧壁部640h的内侧壁640i相接。近侧侧壁部640j包括相对平的构造,并且向远侧延伸以与包括弓形或凹形构造的远侧侧壁部640h相接。远侧侧壁部640h的这种弓形构造在工作端601移回到缩回构造时,促进工作端601经过锁紧柄640的近侧平移。
在使用中,锁紧柄640最初是向内偏置到锁定构造,以阻止工作端601的远侧平移(图87)。具体地,近侧壁640k和内侧壁640i邻近工作端601定位,并且关于凹口603a定位在远侧,以便于如果工作端601向远侧移动预定距离,能够接合凹口603a(见图91至图92)。也就是说,锁紧柄640紧靠驱动梁构件603的底部向内偏置,这样近侧壁640k和/或内侧壁640i可在工作端601向远侧移动时接合凹口603a。
此后,钉仓612可被连接到钳夹构件608。这样做时,支柱638b接触远侧侧壁640e,并向近侧推动枢转构件643以使锁紧柄640局部转出锁定构造,并远离凹口603a(图79至图80和图88)。
由于锁紧柄640处于发射前构造中,包括致动滑块615的工作端601可被发射以吻合以及随后切断已吻合的组织。当发射时,包括致动滑块615的工作端601向远侧移动预定距离,使得凸轮构件616接触突出物634,以便于使致动器632关于制动器637枢转,这反过来导致突起636在孔622a内向内移动(图89至图90)。作为它的结果,支柱638b滑过远侧侧壁640e,并移出与远侧侧壁640e的接触,这反过来导致锁紧柄640关于铆钉660向内枢转,并且紧靠驱动梁构件603的底部进入锁定构造。依照本公开,在凸轮结构件616接触突出物634时,凹口603a将定位在内侧壁640i的远侧,以便于允许工作端601通过刀具沟槽614的完全平移(见图90)。
由于锁紧柄640处于锁定构造中,工作端601可向近侧被移回到缩回构造,其中凹口603a关于锁紧柄640再次定位在近侧。一旦处于缩回构造中,工作端601就被锁定而不能在用尽的钉仓被附接到钳夹构件608时向远侧平移经过锁紧柄640。
参考图93至图104,再装载器706(用于说明的目的而示出为轴未连接到再装载器706)包括依照本公开的一个实施例的锁紧机构,并被配置为与图示的手术吻合装置100、200一起使用。
最初参考图93至图95,钳夹构件710包括砧座711,并且被连接到被配置为选择性连接到钉仓712的钳夹构件708。致动滑块715设置在钉仓712中,并且包括中心支撑楔块713。当钉仓712被连接到钳夹构件708时,并且钳夹构件708、710处于接近构造中时,中心支撑楔块713被配置为接触可操作地连接到钳夹构件710的锁定组件730的制转杆732(见图100)。
参考图96,钳夹构件710包括被配置为覆盖砧座711的近侧端711a的近侧端710a。在装配构造中,近侧端710a从砧座的近侧端711a延伸预定距离,以便于允许制转杆732通过刀具沟槽714枢转,该刀具沟槽714通过砧座711限定。刀具沟槽714沿砧座711的长度延伸,并被配置为接纳刀具705的顶部凸缘718a,以便于允许工作端701的近侧和远侧平移。相似地,刀具705的底部凸缘718b穿设于刀具沟槽(未明确示出),该刀具沟槽延伸贯穿钳夹构件708的底部表面(例如见刀具沟槽614)。
参考图97,锁定组件730被配置为锁定工作端701,以阻止在使钉仓712连接到钳夹构件708之前以及在连接钉仓712和发射刀具708之后(即当钉仓712被用尽时)它的错误发射。锁定组件730包括具有合适构造的支架731,该支架731可操作地连接到钳夹构件710的内表面(未明确示出)。在图示的实施例中,枢轴销733、铆钉或类似物可被用来使支架731固定到钳夹构件710的内表面。可选择地,支架可通过焊接(如激光束或电子束焊接)、超声焊接、钎焊、软焊或其它合适的设备和方法而被连接到钳夹构件710的内表面。支架731包括具有闭合的近侧端731a和开口的远侧端731b的分叉构造,该分叉构造通过两个细长的指状部734a、734b限定,该指状部734a、734b彼此分隔开预定距离。具体地,指状部734a、734b由彼此分隔开预定距离允许制转杆732在指状部734a、734b之间没有障碍地枢转。在实施例中,远侧端731b可为闭合的。
继续参考图97,枢轴销733延伸穿过通过指状部734a、734b限定的一对孔736,并且通过例如激光束或电子束焊接的一个或多个合适的连接方法而被连接到钳夹构件710的内表面。枢轴销733也穿过具有合适构造的孔738定位,该合适构造通过制转杆732限定。枢轴销733是可操作的,以在制转杆732被中心楔块713接触时允许制转杆732关于枢轴销733枢转。枢轴销733关于设置在支架731上的弹性构件760定位在远侧。
弹性构件760可以为任何合适的弹性构件。例如在图示的实施例中,弹性构件760由塑性材料的相对有弹力的板条形成,该塑性材料已经被弯曲形成大体“U”形(图97)。弹性构件760是可操作的以使得制转杆732关于枢轴销733枢转。因此,弹性构件760包括底座部761,该底座部761通过如激光束或电子束焊接的一个或多个合适的连接方法而被连接到底部表面731c,该底部表面731c从近侧端731a并且沿着指状部734a、734b延伸。底座部761与弓形中间部762相接,该中间部762用作与连接到制转杆732的弯曲部763相接的活动关节。当钉仓712没有被连接到钳夹构件708时(见图94至图95)以及在工作端701已经被发射之后(图100至图101)并且移回到缩回构造(见图102)时,弯曲部763提供推动制转杆732穿过刀具沟槽714的向上偏置力。而且,当制转杆732被中心楔块713接触时(图100至图101),弯曲部763关于中间部762挠曲。沿底部表面731c连接底座部761阻止底座部761在制转杆732关于枢轴销733枢转时移动,并且弯曲部763关于中间部762弯曲。
继续参考图97,制转杆732可由任何合适的材料形成,该材料包括但不限于金属、塑料、陶瓷等。在图示的实施例中,制转杆732由金属形成。制转杆732包括大体细长构造,该细长构造具有近侧部732a和远侧部732b,大体弓形凹槽732c在近侧部732a和远侧部732b之间。近侧部732a包括大体矩形构造,以及远侧部732b从弓形凹槽732c向远侧延伸,以便于形成远侧尖端732d。制转杆732的底部表面732e被配置为在钉仓712连接到钳夹构件708时接触中心楔块713。
在使用中,制转杆732最初通过弯曲部762向上偏置到锁定构造,以阻止工作端701的远侧平移(图94至图95)。此后,钉仓712可被连接到钳夹构件708。这样做时,中心楔块713接触制转杆732的底部表面732e,导致制转杆732关于枢轴销733枢转,这反过来导致远侧尖端732d逆着弯曲部762的偏置力从刀具沟槽714内离开(图98至图100)。
由于制转杆732处于发射前构造,包括致动滑块715的工作端701可被发射,以吻合并随后切断吻合的组织。当被发射时,包括致动滑块715的工作端701向远侧移动,并且由此,中心楔块713移出与底部表面732e的接触(图89至图90)。作为它的结果,制转杆732通过弯曲部762被向上偏置到锁定构造。
由于制转杆732处于锁定构造,工作端701可向近侧移回到缩回构造。随着工作端701正向近侧被移动到缩回构造,顶部凸缘718a接触远侧端732b,然后接触远侧尖端732d,这反过来导致制转杆732关于枢轴销733向下枢转。一旦处于缩回构造,工作端701则被锁定而在用尽的钉仓仍然附接到钳夹构件708时不能向远侧平移经过制转杆732(见图102)。
参考图103至图104,制转杆770和弹性构件780可被用来代替制转杆732和弹性构件760。在这个实施例中,枢轴销733没被使用。反而,大体半球形的凸起771可从制转杆770的任一侧或两侧延伸。为了说明的目的,一个凸起771被示出为从制转杆770的左侧壁770a延伸。
相对平的底部表面771a设置在凸起771上,并被连接到邻近如板簧的弹性构件780的近侧部781b的顶部表面781a。在弹性构件780的远侧部781c的顶部表面781a被连接到钳夹构件710的内顶部表面,并且中间部781d被配置为在中心楔块713接触制转杆770时弯曲。制转杆770功能上与制转杆732相同,因此,在此不描述制转杆770操作的详细描述。
参考图105至图127,再装载器806包括依照本公开的一个实施例的锁紧机构,并且被配置为与图示的手术吻合装置100、200一起使用。
最初参考图105至图113,再装载器806包括类似于锁定组件530的锁定组件830。具体地,锁定组件830可操作地被定位在钳夹构件808的近侧端,并位于枢转组件的远侧(图105至图108);在图中图示出仅仅一部分的枢转组件连接到钳夹构件808。如同锁定组件530一样,锁定组件830被配置为在钉仓812没被连接到钳夹构件808时或在用尽的钉仓812被连接到钳夹构件808时,锁定刀具808(图106)。为此,锁定组件830包括三个主要部件:锁紧柄840、固定构件860以及弹性夹子870(图109至图110)。
继续参考图109至图110,锁紧柄840包括具有合适构造的底座部840a,该底座部840a被配置为安置在设在钳夹构件808的近侧端的凹槽842内。底座部840a的底部表面设有大体圆周的突出物840f,该突出物840f被配置为接纳在相应孔844a内,该孔844a被设在凹槽842内并通过钳夹构件808的底壁部限定。在装配构造中,突出物840f被配置为允许锁紧柄840在凹槽842内转动;然而在这个实施例中,转动是与设在致动器832上的向内延伸的制动器831接触的结果。
大体弓形切口840b设在底座部840a上,并且包括被配置为接触相应的侧壁842a的尖端840c,该侧壁842a有助于限定凹槽842(见图109)。然而,不同于包括圆凸540d的锁紧柄540,具有合适构造的锁定件840d(图109至图110)设置在凸起840e上(该凸起840e从底座部840a延伸出)并且被配置为接触制动器831。具体地,当钉仓812被连接到钳夹构件808时,致动器832的制动器831接触锁定件840d,并转动锁紧柄840,直到锁定件840d接触固定构件860的后缘864并且尖端840c接触凹槽842的侧壁842a为止(图123至图125)。
凸起840e设置在底座部840a上,并且通过从底座部840a延伸出的支柱840f支撑(图109至图112)。凸起840e包括大体圆周构造,并被配置为可转动地接合相应的开口862,该开口862设置在用于使锁紧柄840固定在凹槽842内的固定构件860上。支柱840f包括大体椭圆的构造,并且被配置为被接纳在弹性夹子870的分隔开的支腿部871a、871b之间(如图111至图112最佳所见),以便于允许它的包括在孔844a内的锁紧柄840的转动。具体地,支腿部871a、871b被配置为偏置支柱840f,以及由此偏置锁紧柄840进入锁定构造。更具体地,当钉仓812被连接到钳夹构件808时,制动器831接触锁定件840d,并向近侧推动锁定件840d,这反过来局部地转动支柱840f进入与由支腿部871a、871b提供的偏置力接触,并逆着由支腿部871a、871b提供的偏置力(图111)。在锁定构造中,由在支柱840f上的支腿部871a、871b提供的偏置力阻止工作端801移动经过尖端部840c。就是说,由在支柱840f上的支腿部871a、871b提供的偏置力比被用来发射和/或向远侧平移工作端801的力更大,并且支腿部871a、871b不会由于当工作端801向远侧移动时工作端801和尖端部840c之间的接触而远离彼此移动。
支腿部871a、871b相接在弹性夹子870的大体弓形的近侧端872(图109至图112)。近侧端872的弓形构造提供合适的弹簧常数,并被配置为在支柱840f接触支腿部871a、871b时允许支腿部871a、871b远离彼此弯曲或移动预定距离。具有合适构造的孔876(图109至图110)邻近近侧端872设置,并被配置为接纳贯穿其的相应凸起863,该凸起863设置在固定构件860的底部表面(图109至图110)。
固定构件860包括具有在它的远侧端的开口862以及在它的近侧端的凸起863的大体细长的构造,以使锁紧柄840固定到钳夹构件808(图109)。具体地,凸起840e定位在孔862内,并且凸起863穿过孔876并穿过孔844b设置,该孔844b邻近孔844a设置在凹槽842内(见图109)。具有与锁定件840d互补构造的狭缝865邻近孔862设置在固定构件860上,并被配置为适应锁定件840d贯穿狭缝865的接纳;锁定件840d与狭缝865的对准使凸起840e能够穿过孔862设置。
现在开始参考图114至图123,致动器832设置在钉仓812的近侧端(图114),并被配置为从锁定构造选择性地脱离锁定组件830,以允许工作端801的发射(图123)。致动器832可由任何合适的材料形成,该材料包括但不限于金属、塑料等。在图示的实施例中,致动器832由相对硬的塑性材料形成,并且包括分别具有近侧端832a和远侧端832b的大体细长的构造(图115)。
参考图116至图119,致动器832设置在中心支撑楔块构件813a和侧楔块构件813b之间,该侧楔块构件813b定位于中心支撑楔块构件813a的右侧。致动器832被配置为在致动滑块815移动经过钉仓812时,在钉仓812内向远侧平移预定距离,以弹出多个紧固件(未示出)。与此一致,通过一个或多个合适的连接方法,致动器832可释放地连接到致动滑块815。例如在图示的实施例中,凹陷/制动器被用来可释放地使致动器832和致动滑块815连接到彼此。具体地,具有合适构造的凹陷833a设置在致动器832的底部表面832c上,并被配置为可释放地连接到相应的制动器833b,该制动器833b设置在中心支撑楔块813a和楔块813b之间(见图119至图121)。
致动器832包括一对大体细长的侧壁834a、834b,该侧壁834a、834b沿致动器832延伸预定长度(图119)。侧壁834a、834b远离彼此分开,以在其中接纳相应的具有合适构造的止动构件835,该止动构件设置在钉仓812内的内侧壁836,见图115与图117的结合。包括止动构件835的内侧壁836定位在钉仓812内,以便于允许致动滑块815经过钉仓812的远侧平移。每个侧壁834a、834b包括相应的槽沟837a、837b,该槽沟837a、837b被配置为接合止动构件835的相应的顶部凸出838a和底部凸出838b,以形成鸠尾接合,如图117最佳所见。依照本公开,当致动滑块815平移经过内侧壁836预定距离时,致动器832的远侧端832b接触内侧壁836,并且槽沟837a、837b接合顶部凸出838a和底部凸出838b,以阻止致动器832经过内侧壁836的远侧平移。而且,由于槽沟837a、837b与顶部凸出838a和底部凸出838b接合,致动器832被固定,并被阻止在钉仓812内移动。应该注意的是,制动器833b被配置为在致动器832被固定到止动构件835之后脱离凹陷833a。
制动器831设置在近侧端832a,并由近侧端832a向内延伸预定距离,以在钉仓812被连接到钳夹构件808时,使锁定组件830的锁定件840d移入发射前的构造,见图122至图123。制动器831可为倾斜的(如在本实施例中),或其它的构造,以促进与锁定件840d的接触(图123)。当制动器831移出与锁定件840d的接触时,尖端840c被推入与驱动梁构件803的底部(未明确示出)接触,并紧靠驱动梁构件803的底部滑动(图124至图125和图127),直到工作端801向近侧移动经过尖端840c并且回到缩回构造那时为止(如图127最佳所见)。一旦工作端801移到缩回构造,锁紧构件840的尖端840c被移回到锁定构造。由在支柱840f上的支腿部871a、871b提供的偏置力阻止工作端801移动经过尖端840c。就是说,由在支柱840f上的支腿部871a、871b提供的偏置力比被用来发射和/或向远侧平移工作端801的力更大,以及为此支腿部871a、871b不会由于当工作端801向远侧移动时工作端801和尖端部840c之间的接触而远离彼此移动。
在使用中,锁紧柄840最初处于尖端840c穿过刀具沟槽814定位的锁定构造中,以阻止工作端801的远侧平移(图106至图108和图112)。此后,钉仓812可被连接到钳夹构件808。这样做时,制动器831向近侧接触锁定件840d,以局部转动在凹槽842内的锁紧柄840。锁紧柄840在凹槽842内转动,直到锁定件840d接触后缘864以及尖端部840c接触侧壁842a为止(图111和图122至图123)。在这时,支柱840f使支腿部871a、871b远离彼此移动,并且通过经由其提供的力偏置(例如图111)。
由于锁紧柄804和致动器832处于发射前构造,包括致动滑块815的工作端801可被发射,以吻合和随后切断已吻合的组织。当被发射时,包括致动滑块815的工作端801以及与其连接的致动器832向远侧移动,这导致致动器832以如上文所描述的方式接触止动构件835。致动器832的远侧平移导致制动器831脱离锁定件840d,并允许锁紧柄840移回到锁定构造(图126至图127)。具体地,当工作端801向近侧被移动经过锁紧柄840到缩回构造时,逆着弹性夹子870的偏置的锁紧柄840移回到锁定构造。一旦处于缩回构造,由于通过支腿部871a、871b在支柱840f上提供的偏置力,工作端801则被锁紧而不能向远侧平移经过尖端部840c。
参考图128至图133,再装载器1006包括依照本公开的一个实施例的锁紧机构,并被配置为与图示的手术吻合装置100、200一起使用。
图130图示出安装在具有处于锁定构造的工作端1001的钳夹构件1008上的钉仓1012。不同于先前公开的刀具,刀具1005包括由相应的上内壁1005c和下内壁1005d限定的具有合适构造的狭槽1005a,并且邻近底部凸缘1018a定位。狭槽1005a水平延伸穿过刀具1005(图133),这样刀具1005可接合和/或脱离锁紧柄1030(图132),并且从缩回构造移到延伸构造。具有合适构造的凹口1005b通过下内壁1005d限定,并被配置为选择性地接合相应的侧向延伸部1031,该侧向延伸部1031设置在锁紧柄1030上,以锁定刀具1005并阻止它的错误发射(见图128和图132至图133)。包括凹口1005b的狭槽1005a可在刀具1005的制作过程期间通过一个或多个合适工艺形成,该工艺例如浸蚀或铣削工艺。
参考图132,图示出包括大体细长构造的锁紧柄1030,该锁紧柄1030分别包括近侧端1030a和远侧端1030b。具有合适构造的孔1032邻近近侧端1030a设置,并被配置为连接到铆钉1009a,该铆钉1009a被配置为与相对的铆钉1009b一起使钳夹构件1008和钳夹构件1010连接到彼此(图130)。锁紧柄1030关于铆钉1009a枢转,以便于允许侧向延伸部1031与凹口1005b的选择性接合和脱离(见图128至图129)。弹簧(未示出)可操作地连接到锁紧柄1030,并被用来使锁紧柄1030的远侧端1030b向下偏置,并进入与阻止构件1040的接触(图128至图130)。
阻止构件1040设置在钉仓(未示出)的致动滑块(未示出)的近侧端,并包括倾斜的近侧端1040a,该近侧端1040a被配置为在钉仓被连接到钳夹构件时,接合锁紧柄1030的远侧端1030b。当阻止构件1040的近侧端1040a接合锁紧柄1030的远侧端1030b时,锁紧柄1030向下移动,并且侧向延伸部1031移出与凹口1005b的接合,这允许工作端1001前移穿过钉仓。
在使用中,锁紧柄1030最初是在侧向延伸部1031定位在刀具1005的凹口1005b内的锁定构造中,以阻止工作端1001的远侧平移(图128)。此后,钉仓可被连接到钳夹构件,这导致阻止构件1040的近侧端1040a接合锁紧柄1030的远侧端1030b,这使锁紧柄1030的侧向延伸部1031移出与凹口1005b的接合,这允许工作端1001前移穿过钉仓(图129)。
当发射时,工作端1001接合致动滑块的阻止构件1040,以向远侧移动工作端1001和包括致动滑块的阻止构件1040穿过钉仓。由于阻止构件1040正前移穿过钉仓,锁紧柄1030将移回到向上的构造。当工作端1001移回到缩回构造时,由于侧向延伸部1031和刀具1005的凹口1005b之间的接合,工作端1001被锁定而不能前移。
参考图134至图137,再装载器1106包括依照本公开的一个实施例的锁紧机构,并被配置为与图示的手术吻合装置100、200一起使用。由再装载器1106使用的锁紧机构和由再装载器1006使用的锁紧机构大体彼此相似。因此,仅仅进一步详细描述那些再装载器1106独有的特征。
不同于包括凹口1005b的刀具1005,具有合适构造的凹口1105b被限定在狭槽1105a内同时与下内壁1105d相对(例如见图137)。狭槽1105b被配置为选择性地接合设置在锁紧柄1130上的近侧端1130a,以锁定刀具1105并阻止它的错误发射(见图134至图135)。
锁紧柄1130被配置为和锁紧柄1030的上下移动相反而向侧面移动。因此,锁紧柄1130向外偏置到右侧,以推动近侧端1130a进入与凹口1150b的接合,以锁定刀具1105(图135)。
阻止构件1140设置在致动滑块1115上(以虚像示出),并被配置为接合锁紧柄1130的远侧端1130b(图134)。具体地,阻止构件1140的近侧端1115a倾斜,并被配置为选择性地接合远侧端1130b,以向内移动远侧端1130b到左侧,使得近侧端1130a移出与凹口1105b的接合(图134)。一旦近侧端1130a移出与凹口1105b的接合,刀具1105则可被发射。
在使用中,锁紧柄1130最初是偏置到锁定构造,使得刀具1105不能被发射(图135)。钉仓1112可被连接到钳夹1108。这样做时,阻止构件1140的近侧部1140a移入与锁紧柄1130的远侧端1130b接触,并且使锁紧柄1130的近侧端1130a移出与凹口1105b的接合(图134)。
由于近侧端1130a脱离凹口1105b,刀具1105可然后被发射。随着刀具1105向远侧移动,它接触致动滑块1115,这反过来使阻止构件1140的近侧端1140a移出与锁紧柄1130的远侧端1130b的接合,以便于允许远侧端1130b移回到偏置构造,并且锁紧柄1130移回到锁定构造。在锁定构造中,近侧端1130a被允许在刀具1105处于缩回构造中时接合凹口1105b(图135)。
参考图138至图140,再装载器1206包括依照本公开的一个实施例的锁紧机构,并被配置为与图示的手术吻合装置100、200一起使用。
锁紧柄1230可枢转地连接到邻近钳夹构件1208的沟槽1214的底部表面1208a,该沟槽1214在钳夹构件1208的邻近工作端1201的近侧端。枢轴销1231被用来使锁紧柄1230连接到底部表面1208a,并被配置为允许锁紧柄1230从其中工作端1201被锁定的活动(或锁定)构造(图138)关于枢轴销1231枢转到其中工作端1201被允许向远侧移动穿过钉仓1212的不活动构造(图140)。具有合适构造的制动器或突出物1232设置在锁紧柄1230的底部表面,并被配置为在工作端1201向远侧平移穿过钉仓1212时,接触工作端1201的底部凸缘1218b。突出物1232包括近侧部1234a和远侧部1234b,它们被配置为用凸轮带动(cam)锁紧柄1230使得工作端1201可向远侧移动经过锁紧柄1230并且被配置为用凸轮带动锁紧柄1230使得工作端1201可向近侧移动经过锁紧柄1230。弹簧(未明确示出)可被用来使锁紧柄1230偏置到活动构造。具体地,如扭转弹簧的弹簧被配置为偏置锁紧柄1230,使得近侧边缘1233起止动作用,并在工作端1201向远侧移动时,接触底部凸缘1218b。
邻近致动滑块1215(以虚像示出)的钉仓1212的底部1212a包括可移除的突起部1240,该突起部1240被配置为在钉仓1212被安装时,推动锁紧柄1230进入不活动构造(图139)。突起部1240可通过任何合适的方法被固定到底部1212a。例如,在图示的实施例中,突起部1240被穿孔,并且被配置为随着工作端1201向远侧平移经过钉仓1212而被工作端1201接触时被移除(图140)。
在使用中,锁紧柄1230最初是处于活动构造中,以锁定工作端1201,来阻止它的错误发射(图138)。此后,钉仓1212可被安装。这样做时,包括突起部1240的底部1212a定位在锁紧柄1230上面,以推动锁紧柄1230进入不活动构造中(图139)。
工作端1201然后可被发射。随着工作端1201向远侧平移,底部凸缘1218b接触近侧部1234a,这导致突出物1232向上移动,这反过来从钉仓1212的底部表面1212a解除(如移除)突起部1240(图140)。当突起部1240被移除时,锁紧柄1230被推回到活动构造,并且进入到钉仓1212中(见图138)。工作端1201然后可被移回到缩回构造。具体地,底部1218b接触远侧部1234b,并用凸轮带动锁紧柄1230,使得工作端1201可在突出物1232上面滑动,并回到缩回构造。在缩回构造中,工作端1201被锁定并被阻止错误发射。
参考图141至图149,再装载器1306包括依照本公开的一个实施例的锁紧机构,并被配置为与图示的手术吻合装置100、200一起使用。
最初参考图141至图143,再装载器1306包括枢转组件1350,该枢转组件1350包括上部1350a和下部1350b。不同于如枢转组件150的在之前描述的枢转组件,枢转组件1350的下部1350b包括不同的两个支腿构件1353a、1353b。具体地,支腿构件1353a向远侧延伸超过支腿构件1353b,并包括被配置为具有在其中接纳锁定结构1330的合适构造的孔1354。在图示的实施例中,孔1354包括与锁紧结构1330的结构互补的大体正方形构造(图143至图144)。孔1354被配置便于允许锁紧结构1330从活动(锁定)构造(图142和图146)向外移动到不活动(或未锁定)构造(图147和图149)。
继续参考图141至图143,凸轮块1340可操作地连接到设置在钳夹构件1308内的沟槽1341(图142)。凸轮块1340能沿沟槽1341平移,并被配置为在钉仓1312被安装时,接触锁定结构1330(图146至图147)。凸轮块1340包括近侧部1340a和远侧部1340b。远侧部1340b包括具有远侧壁1342的大体直角构造,该远侧壁1342被配置为在钉仓1312被安装时,接触钉仓1312的致动滑块(未示出)的近侧端。在致动滑块和远侧壁1342之间的这种接触使凸轮块1340向近侧移动,并进入与锁定结构1330的接触。具体地,面向外的、倾斜的侧壁1343设置在近侧部1340a,并被配置为用凸轮带动设置在锁定结构1330上的相应的面向内的、倾斜的侧壁1331(图144至图145)。
在实施例中,凸轮块1340可被配置为通过一个或多个合适的连接方法选择性地连接到致动滑块。例如,在实施例中,凹陷/制动器构造可被用来在致动滑块被安装时,使凸轮块1340连接到致动滑块。在这个具体的实施例中,例如凸轮块1340可包括被配置为连接到致动滑块上的相应凹陷的制动器(未示出)。而且,凸轮块1340可被配置为在致动滑块被工作端1301接触时向远侧平移并且向远侧移动穿过钉仓1312。
可选择地,尽管凸轮块1340在此作为致动滑块的分离部件已经被描述,但是将凸轮块1340设置在致动滑块的近侧端是在本公开的范围内。在这个具体实施例中,凸轮块1340可与致动滑块一体成形;或可为通过如超声焊接的一个或多个连接方法连接到致动滑块的分离的部件。
参考图144至图145,锁定结构1330包括底座部1334以及大体竖直的支柱部1332。底座部1334被配置为便于允许凸轮块1340的侧壁1343在锁定结构1330的下面移动,并且随着凸轮块1340向近侧移动进入与锁定结构1330的侧壁1331的接触。侧壁1331对角延伸穿过底座部1334的底部表面1334a,并被配置为在凸轮块1340向近侧移动时,便于允许凸轮块1340使锁定结构1330向外做凸轮运动(图146至图147)。底座部1334的顶部表面1334b可滑动地接触支腿构件1353b的底部表面1352,并且在锁定结构1330向外移动时,沿底部表面1352滑动(见图146至图147)。
支柱部1332从底座部1334的顶部表面1334b正交地延伸,并且包括大体矩形构造(图144至图145)。支柱部1332通过孔1354被接纳,并包括延伸经过支腿构件1353a的顶部表面的顶部1336,以便于在钉仓1312被安装之前接触刀具1305的顶部凸缘1318a(图141至图142)。具体地,顶部1336包括由侧壁1338a、1338b和底壁1338c限定的具有合适构造的有凹口的角1338,该侧壁1338a、1338b关于彼此以90度角度被布置,侧壁1338a、1338b从底壁1338c延伸出。有凹口的角1338被配置为接触刀具1305的顶部凸缘1318a,以锁定工作端1301并阻止它的错误发射。
在实施例中,前角边1338c(图144中以虚像示出)可被设置并被配置为允许工作端1301向近侧移动经过锁定结构1330,使得工作端1301可被移回到缩回构造。在这个具体实施例中,顶部凸缘1318a被配置为接触并紧靠前角边1338c滑动,以便于允许工作端1301移动到缩回构造。
具有合适构造的弹簧1367(例如螺旋弹簧)(图144)设置在孔1354内,并被配置为使锁定结构1330向内偏置。更具体地,弹簧1367设置在孔1354内并接触支柱部1332的外侧壁(未明确示出),以向内推动锁定结构1330。螺旋弹簧1367可通过任何合适的连接方法被连接到支柱部1332的外侧壁。例如,具有合适构造的环形凹槽可设置在支柱部1332的外壁上,并被配置为使螺旋弹簧1367接纳在其中。
在使用中,锁定结构1330最初是处于活动构造,以锁定工作端1301来阻止它的错误发射(图142)。此后,钉仓1312可被安装。根据上述指明的,致动滑块1315和凸轮块1340可被配置为在钉仓1312被安装时彼此连接。在这个具体实施例中,致动滑块1315接触凸轮块1340,并连接到凸轮块1340以向近侧移动凸轮块1340,使得凸轮块1340的侧壁1343接触锁定结构1330的侧壁1331,以向外移动包括有凹口的角1338的顶部1336,并脱离与工作端1301的顶部凸缘1318a的接触(图148至图149)(和/或脱离工作端1301的平移路径)。
工作端1301可然后被发射。随着工作端1301向远侧平移,接触致动滑块并使包括连接到致动滑块的凸轮块1340的致动滑块向远侧移动。作为它的结果,凸轮块1340移出与锁定结构1330的接触,并且由于由弹簧1367提供的紧靠支柱部1332的外壁的偏置力,锁定结构1330移回到锁定构造。
工作端1301然后可向近侧被移动经过锁定结构1330并回到缩回构造。一旦工作端1301被移回到缩回构造,锁定结构1330则以如上述所描述的方式锁定工作端1301。
在致动滑块和凸轮块1340没有被配置为彼此连接的实施例中,例如当工作端1301没有被配置为多次发射时,凸轮块1340在工作端1301被发射时可保持与锁定结构1330的接触。在这个具体实施例中,凸轮块1340使锁定结构1330维持在如未活动构造的向外的构造中。
参考图150至图156,以及最初参考图150至图151,再装载器1406包括依照本公开的一个实施例的锁紧机构,并被配置为与图示的手术吻合装置100、200一起使用。
不同于使用被配置为在没有钉仓或用尽的钉仓被安装的情况下阻止发射的锁紧机构的再装载器的以前描述的实施例,再装载器1406(图150)使用仅当用尽的钉仓被连接到钳夹构件1408时阻止工作端1401的错误发射的锁紧机构。为此,钳夹构件1408被配置为连接到包括锁定件1440和锁紧销1430的钉仓1412,该锁定件1440和锁紧销1430共同被配置为在用尽的钉仓1412被连接到钳夹构件1408时阻止工作端1401的错误发射。
锁定件1440设置在钉仓1412的近侧端并通过一个或多个合适的连接方法与其连接(图151至图153)。在图示的实施例中,例如,锁定件1440包括具有被配置为通过其接纳铆钉1442、销钉或类似物的合适构造的孔1441的大体细长结构。铆钉1442延伸穿过钉仓1412的组织接触表面1421,并且使锁定件1440连接到钉仓1412,使得锁定件1440的底部表面(未明确示出)紧靠顶部表面1421a安置,该顶部表面1421a位于与钉仓1412的组织接触表面1421一样的大体平面中。而且,铆钉1442使锁定件1440连接到钉仓1412,以便于在锁定件1440被刀具1405的顶部凸缘1418a接触时,允许锁定件1440关于铆钉1442转动(图154)。
圆凸1444从锁定件1440的顶部表面1446正交地延伸预定距离,并被配置为接触顶部凸缘1418a的前缘1419a(图151和图154)。圆凸1444包括大体圆周构造,该构造在工作端1401向远侧平移时,促进前缘1419a和圆凸1444之间的接触。
在最初构造中,锁定件1440至少局部被布置在凹槽1431上面,以接触锁紧销1430并使锁紧销1430维持在未活动的构造中(图151)。而且,随着工作端1401向远侧平移而经过圆凸1444时在前缘1419a和圆凸1444之间的接触导致锁定件1440关于铆钉1442转动,并移出与锁紧销1430的接触,以便于锁紧销1430可移入锁定构造中(图154至图156)。
继续参考图151至图153,锁紧销1430邻近锁定件1440设置在钉仓1412的近侧端,并且被接纳在孔1431内,该孔1431延伸穿过钉仓1412的组织接触表面1421。锁紧销1430包括大体圆周构造,该构造在它的底端具有凸缘1432,该凸缘1432被配置为接触钉仓1412的内顶壁。锁紧销1430的尖端1434包括远侧端1430a,该远侧端1430a为斜面的、斜角的、倾斜的等,以在工作端1401移回到缩回构造时可滑动地接触顶部凸缘1418a的尾缘1419b;远侧端1430的斜面结构允许工作端1401滑动平移经过锁紧销1430(图155)。而且,近侧端1430b不包括斜面,并被配置为接触工作端1401的前缘1419a,以锁定工作端1401并阻止它的错误发射。
锁紧销1430(例如尖端1434)在孔1431内能从其中尖端1434与钉仓1412的组织接触表面1421齐平(图151)的未活动构造(图151)移动到活动(或锁定)构造,在该活动(或锁定)构造中尖端1434被布置在组织接触表面1421上面的预定距离(图154和图156)。在锁紧销1434的未活动构造中,包括刀具1405的顶部凸缘1418a的工作端1401被允许向远侧平移经过锁紧销1430。
弹簧1467(或其它合适装置)邻近凸缘1432可操作地连接到锁紧销1430,并被配置为使锁紧销1430向上偏置到活动构造中(图152至图153)。具有合适构造的凸起(未示出)可设置在锁紧销1430的底部表面上,并被配置为连接到弹簧1467以使弹簧1467维持与锁紧销1430的接触。可选择地,弹簧1467可通过如粘附的一个或多个合适的固定方法而固定地接合到锁紧销1430。
在使用中,锁定件1440最初被安置在锁紧销1430的上面,以使锁紧销1430维持在未活动的构造中(图151)。在未活动的构造中,工作端1401被允许向远侧移动经过锁紧销1430以接合致动滑块。
工作端1401然后可被发射。随着工作端1401向远侧平移,前缘1419a接触圆凸1444,这反过来导致锁定件1440围绕铆钉1442转动,并且移出与锁紧销1430的接触,以便于锁紧销1430可移入锁定构造(图154至图156)。
工作端1401然后可被移回到缩回构造。根据上述指明的,远侧端1430a的斜面结构允许工作端1401经过锁紧销1430的滑动平移(图155)。
一旦处于缩回构造,近侧端1430b接触工作端1401的前缘1419a,以锁定工作端1401,并阻止它的错误发射(图156)。
参考图157至图158,钉仓组件1512被配置为与再装载器(未明确示出)一起使用,该再装载器包括依照本公开的一个实施例的锁紧机构,并被配置为与图示的手术吻合装置100、200一起使用。
一个或多个机械接口设置在致动滑块1515的近侧端,并被配置为选择性接合被布置在刀具(未明确示出)上的一个或多个机械接口。在图示的实施例中,例如,具有合适构造的凹端1530邻近致动滑块1515的底部表面1515a设置,并被配置为选择性地接合可操作地连接到刀具的相应凸端(未明确示出)。凹端1530包括一对分叉的支柱1531a、1531b,该支柱1531a、1531b沿相对于底部表面1515a大体正交的方向延伸(图157至图158)并且与刀具上相应的凸端对准。该支柱1531a、1531b远离彼此分开,以便于随着刀具通过发射顺序向远侧被移动时,可使用压入配合或摩擦配合来使刀具和致动滑块1515选择性地连接到彼此。作为可意识到的,致动滑块1515可包括凸端,并且刀具可包括凹端1530。而且,使用其它机械接口来使致动滑块1515和刀具选择性地连接到彼此是在本公开的范围内。
具有合适构造的锁紧夹子1540设置在致动滑块1515的底部表面1515a,并被配置为在刀具被发射并移回到缩回构造之后,选择性接合钉仓1512的盖板1561(图157至图158)。锁紧夹子1540可与致动滑块1515一体成形,或可以通过如粘附、超声焊接等的一个或多个合适的连接方法连接到致动滑块1515。
在一个实施例中,诸如图示的实施例,锁定夹子1540包括大体延长部1541,该延长部1541被用来连接到致动滑块1515的底部表面1515a;这个实施例在锁定夹子1540作为致动滑块1515的分离部件形成并且随后被连接到致动滑块1515时是特别有用的。可选择地,在实施例中,诸如在锁定夹子1540与致动滑块1515一体成形时,延长部1541可被除去。
大体弓形部1542从延长部1541向远侧延伸,以形成关于延长部1541的活节,并且包括接合盖板1561的唇状边1543(图158)。可选择地,包括唇状边1543的弓形部1542在致动滑块1515的制作过程期间可成形在底部表面1515a上。在任一实例中,包括唇状边1543的弓形部1542被配置为以便于在安装前构造中,唇状边1543向延长部1541和致动滑块1515的底部表面1515a被偏置,以便于不接合盖板1561(图157)。依照本公开,锁紧夹子1540(以及与锁紧夹子1540联合的可操作部件)被配置为不阻止刀具穿过钉仓1512的远侧平移。
在使用中,在安装前的构造中,致动滑块1515如图157所示的被安置在钉仓1512内。在这个构造中,锁紧夹子1540没有在锁定构造中,并且刀具通过发射顺序向远侧自由平移。
刀具然后可被发射。随着刀具向远侧平移,刀具上的凸端接合致动滑块1515的凹端1530(图154至图156)。此后,包括现在被连接到刀具的致动滑块1515的刀具可经过钉仓1512的近侧边1562向近侧被移动到缩回构造。这样做时,唇状边1543远离延长部1542和致动滑块的底部表面1515a自由弯曲到锁定构造。在锁定构造中,唇状边1543被安置为接合盖板1561的近侧边1562,这反过来阻止近侧平移,并且由此刀具的错误发射(图158)。
附图示出具有手术吻合钳夹的可替换装载单元,该手术吻合钳夹具有可被附接到手术吻合装置的轴(如轴109)。可预期其它构造。例如,可替换装载单元自身可具有可移除的并可替换的钉仓组件。可选择地,器械的钳夹可被永久地附接并被配置为接纳可移除的并可替换的钉仓。
在此公开的任何一个实施例中,器械壳体102可为手动操作的或动力的。
尽管本公开的几个实施例在附图中已经被示出,但是可预想的是本公开没有被限制到附图,因为可预想本公开的范围在本领域所允许的尽可能广的范围内,并且说明书同样被解读。因此,上述的说明书不应该被解释为限制,而是仅仅作为具体实施例的例证。本领域的技术人员将预想到在附加于此的权利要求书的范围和精神内的其它的修改。

Claims (12)

1.一种手术吻合装置,包括:
第一钳夹构件;
钉仓,其被配置为选择性地连接至所述第一钳夹构件,所述钉仓具有紧固件和平台区,所述钉仓限定沟槽和孔;
具有砧座的第二钳夹构件,所述砧座具有吻合钉成形凹处;
驱动构件,其能够从缩回位置移动至推进位置,以朝所述砧座方向驱动所述紧固件;
致动器,其可转动地布置在所述钉仓的所述孔中并且具有在上端的头部和在下端的凹口,所述致动器从第一位置被偏置到第二位置,所述致动器具有在所述致动器处于所述第一位置时延伸进入所述沟槽的尖端;以及
联锁件,其具有竖直延伸部并且邻近所述致动器可转动地被布置,以便在所述致动器在所述第一位置时,所述竖直延伸部与所述凹口接合,所述联锁件在所述致动器移至所述第二位置时移至阻塞所述沟槽的位置。
2.根据权利要求1所述的手术吻合装置,其中所述驱动构件具有顶部凸缘,所述顶部凸缘在所述驱动构件从所述缩回位置移至所述推进位置时接触所述头部。
3.根据权利要求2所述的手术吻合装置,其中所述致动器以向下的方向被偏置,以便所述头部在被所述顶部凸缘接触时凸出。
4.根据权利要求1所述的手术吻合装置,其中所述致动器向上移至所述第二位置,以便所述凹口被移动远离所述竖直延伸部。
5.根据权利要求1所述的手术吻合装置,其中所述致动器具有斜角侧边缘,以助于所述致动器的转动。
6.根据权利要求1所述的手术吻合装置,其中所述头部具有圆锥形状。
7.根据权利要求1所述的手术吻合装置,其中所述头部的底部表面具有用于接合所述平台区的突出物。
8.根据权利要求1所述的手术吻合装置,其中所述联锁件接合在阻塞所述刀具沟槽的位置中的铆钉。
9.根据权利要求1所述的手术吻合装置,其中所述联锁件向阻塞所述沟槽的位置偏置。
10.根据权利要求1所述的手术吻合装置,其中所述联锁件具有后部表面,所述驱动构件在移至所述缩回位置时接合所述后部表面。
11.根据权利要求1所述的手术吻合装置,进一步包括一个或多个电动机。
12.根据权利要求1所述的手术吻合装置,进一步包括手动操作的扳机。
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