CN104403690A - Process and device for manufacturing synthesis gas through crushed coal, molten slag and gasified coal - Google Patents
Process and device for manufacturing synthesis gas through crushed coal, molten slag and gasified coal Download PDFInfo
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- CN104403690A CN104403690A CN201410763445.5A CN201410763445A CN104403690A CN 104403690 A CN104403690 A CN 104403690A CN 201410763445 A CN201410763445 A CN 201410763445A CN 104403690 A CN104403690 A CN 104403690A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
- C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
- C10J3/02—Fixed-bed gasification of lump fuel
- C10J3/20—Apparatus; Plants
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
- C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
- C10J3/02—Fixed-bed gasification of lump fuel
- C10J3/20—Apparatus; Plants
- C10J3/30—Fuel charging devices
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
- C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
- C10J3/58—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels combined with pre-distillation of the fuel
- C10J3/60—Processes
- C10J3/64—Processes with decomposition of the distillation products
- C10J3/66—Processes with decomposition of the distillation products by introducing them into the gasification zone
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
- C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
- C10J3/72—Other features
- C10J3/82—Gas withdrawal means
- C10J3/84—Gas withdrawal means with means for removing dust or tar from the gas
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
- C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
- C10J3/72—Other features
- C10J3/86—Other features combined with waste-heat boilers
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
- C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
- C10J2300/09—Details of the feed, e.g. feeding of spent catalyst, inert gas or halogens
- C10J2300/0913—Carbonaceous raw material
- C10J2300/093—Coal
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
- C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
- C10J2300/16—Integration of gasification processes with another plant or parts within the plant
- C10J2300/1603—Integration of gasification processes with another plant or parts within the plant with gas treatment
- C10J2300/1615—Stripping
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P20/00—Technologies relating to chemical industry
- Y02P20/10—Process efficiency
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P20/00—Technologies relating to chemical industry
- Y02P20/10—Process efficiency
- Y02P20/129—Energy recovery, e.g. by cogeneration, H2recovery or pressure recovery turbines
Abstract
A process for manufacturing a synthesis gas through crushed coal, molten slag and gasified coal comprises the following steps: crushed coal is gasified and led out of a raw gas device (3) through the middle of a gasification chamber, raw gas with the volume ratio of 5-60% is pumped out to be dedusted through a cyclone separator (20), the rest raw gas is led out through a coal gas lead-out channel device (2) and mixed with raw gas dedusted by the cyclone separator (20), then part of dust and tar oil in the mixed gas are removed by the cyclone separator (21), then the mixed gas is dedusted and cooled down by a washing cooler (5) and then enters a waste heat boiler (8) for waste heat recovery, raw gas (18) obtained through separating a condensate from the cooled down raw gas by a gas-liquid separator (11) is sent to the downstream procedure, and the washed condensate is sent to a coal gas and water separation device (15) for recovery. According to the process and the device, the advantages of energy saving, low running cost, less carried-out coal dust, low content of tar oil and gas liquor are achieved.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to coal clean gas field, be specifically related to a kind of technique and device of broken coal slag gasification of coal preparing synthetic gas.
Background technology
Crushed coal pressurized-gasification furnace is a kind of fixed bed coal gasifier, and owing to requiring low to feed coal, namely except heavy caking coal, all the other coals can gasify, particularly the low grade coal of low-rank coal and high ash melting point.This vapourizing furnace is widely applied to coal synthesis ammonia, methyl alcohol, dme, synthetic oil and coal gas Sweet natural gas field.Along with current Coal Gasification Technology is towards major diameter, the future development of high pressure, in unit time, the treatment capacity of coal progressively increases, coal lock is as the coal filling hole of crushed coal pressure gasifying, need ceaselessly to carry out punching press pressure release, the growth requirement of extensive gasification can not be met, the gasification ability that high pressure makes in addition improves, produce coal gas amount to increase, add the poor heat stability etc. of low-rank coal, single gas exit must take a large amount of coal dusts out of, follow-up gas washing is caused to cool, the workshop sections such as waste heat recovery result in blockage or the problem of separation difficulty, in washing process, use excessive water to wash simultaneously, gas liquor generation is caused to increase, higher-grade heat drop is low.
China Patent No. is the single coal lock that patent discloses employing of 200580041975.8, the fixed bed coal gasifier that static distribution device has Single gas to export, this vapourizing furnace is the crushed coal pressurized-gasification furnace generally used at present, outstanding problem is that rough coal band of gas dirt problem is serious, by-product low-pressure steam is many, and dust-laden is containing problems such as pitch coal air water content are many.
Chinese patent: the employing that patent discloses of 201320037548.4 is single coal locks, and do not have static distribution device, Single gas passage, exists the problems referred to above equally.
Chinese patent: 201220582157.6 patent discloses a kind of two passage cloth device for coal for coal gasifier, by coal entrance, gas exit, inner core, the compositions such as raw gas passage composition.The object of this patent reduces coal gas enrichment area, reduces gas speed, reduce coal dust drag-out, have certain effect, but action effect is limited.
Summary of the invention
In order to overcome deficiency of the prior art, an object of the present invention is to provide a kind of technique of broken coal slag gasification of coal preparing synthetic gas.
It is low that another object of the present invention is to provide a kind of coal lock punching press gas consumption, and running cost is low, coal dust drag-out is few, containing the vapourizing furnace that pitch coal air water is few.
The technique of a kind of broken coal slag gasification of coal preparing synthetic gas provided by the invention comprises the steps:
Present invention process comprises the steps:
(1) broken coal of 5-50mm is entered vaporizer top through the double coal lock feeding unit be communicated with, rely on action of gravity slowly to decline and to burn each bed through super-dry, destructive distillation, methanation, gasification and carbon residue from top to bottom, vaporized chemical sprays into vapourizing furnace with the speed of 60-70m/s by burner, make it to be uniformly distributed in zone of combustion bed, oxygen and carbon residue burning make coal ash reach more than coal ash fusion temperature instantaneously, form molten ash, and discharge vapourizing furnace by lime-ash discharge outlet; Zone of combustion is the region that gasifier temperature is the highest, for other reactions on top provide heat, along with hot gas rises through gasification layer along vaporizer, major part synthetic gas generates at this, and synthetic gas continues to rise to methanation layer, generating portion methane gas, methane gas and synthetic gas extract 5-60% out when methanation layer is by drawing raw gas device in the middle part of vaporizer, the raw gas of temperature 450-700 DEG C, through cyclonic separator dedusting, makes dust content be less than the raw gas of 1mg/L;
(2) raw gas of methanation layer residue 40-95% heats the coal sample declined through destructive distillation layer, coal sample pyrolysis output is made to contain gas, the rich hydrogen volatile matter of steam and tar, along with gas rises further, further cooling is able on vapourizing furnace top from the volatile matter of dry distillation area and synthetic gas, coal is then able to preheating and drying, coal gas extraction channel device eventually through upper of furnace body is drawn the raw gas of temperature between 210-300 DEG C and is removed part dirt and tar with after the raw gas of cyclonic separator dedusting mixes through cyclonic separator, then through scrubber cooler dedusting again, waste heat boiler recovery waste heat is entered after cooling, the temperature of raw gas is made to be down to 220-280 DEG C, the raw gas going out phlegma through gas-liquid separator separates delivers to lower procedure, gas liquor tripping device gas recovery water sent to by washing phlegma, the dust removed from cyclonic separator sends plant area, follow-up tar production is carried out containing tar dust from cyclonic separator is isolated,
(3) gas liquor of the dust-laden washed from scrubber cooler enters bottom initial gross separation dirt and the water of waste heat boiler, the gas liquor of major part not dust-laden is pressurizeed by coal gas washing cycling water pump and turns back to scrubber cooler after supplementing Coal-gas Washing Water Using mixing and recycles, the gas liquor gas delivery water separation device of all the other dust-ladens, the gas liquor that separation obtains turns back to scrubber cooler and recycles;
(4) oiler feed needed for waste heat boiler is through after low pressure boiler feedwater water pump is pressurized to 4.0MPa-6.0MPa and sends into the mesohigh steam product that waste heat boiler generation temperature is more than 200 DEG C.
In order to realize object of the present invention, a kind of slack coal slag gasifier of the present invention, it comprises and is communicated with double coal lock feeding unit and body of heater, it is characterized in that having on body of heater and be communicated with double coal lock feeding unit, upper of furnace body has coal gas extraction channel device, have in the middle part of body of heater in the middle part of vaporizer and draw raw gas device, lower portion of furnace body is the slag area with nozzle, has lime-ash discharge outlet at bottom of furnace body.
One, described connection double coal lock feeding unit, it comprises coal lock, coal locks valve, coal lock lower valve, coal inlet, transitional storehouse and coal outlet, coal lock has 2, each coal lock top is coal inlet, and be that coal locks valve below coal inlet, coal lock bottom communicates with pipe connecting top, valve under coal lock is equipped with at pipe connecting top, be connected with transitional storehouse bottom pipe connecting, the bottom of transitional storehouse is coal outlet, is connected between 2 coal locks by least 1 coal lock gas passage.
Described coal lock gas passage locks gas passage expanding reach by two ends coal and middle coal lock gas passage straight section forms, at coal lock gas passage straight section built with connection coal lock access valve, be positioned at coal lock gas passage expanding reach and coal and lock baffle plate wall Link Port being provided with aperture, it is 30-60 degree that coal locks the angle α that gas passage expanding reach wall and coal lock wall.
Described baffle plate percentage of open area is between 45-65%, and the aperture of aperture is 0.2-1.0 millimeter.
The position of described coal lock gas passage between 0.45-0.55 times of whole coal lock height.
Connection double coal lock feeding unit as above, make coal lock gas and recycle, the rate of recycling reaches more than 60%.
Two, it comprises vapourizing furnace outer wall to draw raw gas device in the middle part of described vaporizer, gasification stove internal wall, vapourizing furnace refractory liner, vapourizing furnace refractory brick and gas flue, it is vapourizing furnace refractory liner between gasification stove internal wall and vapourizing furnace refractory brick, vapourizing furnace outer wall and gasification stove internal wall have the gas flue of at least 2, gas flue is uniformly distributed in vapourizing furnace outer wall same level, the opening upwards of gas flue, gas flue is made up of gas flue outer wall and gas flue inwall, gas flue outer wall is connected with vapourizing furnace outer wall, and become the angle β of 30-45 degree, gas flue inwall is connected with gasification stove internal wall, the baffle plate of aperture is provided with in the junction, upper middle part of gas flue inwall and gasification stove internal wall, baffle plate is parallel with gasification stove internal wall.
Described gas flue is metering from bottom vaporizer in the position of gasification stove internal wall, is 0.41-0.62 times of vaporizer height.
The percentage of open area of described baffle plate is between 30-40%, and small aperture is 4-8 millimeter.
Described baffle plate is 1/10-1/3 circle.
Described gas flue has 2-6.
The gas temperature that gas flue in the middle part of the vaporizer of middle part as above symmetry is extracted out is high, by-product middle pressure steam, promotes steam quality.
Three, the described slag area with nozzle, it comprises vapourizing furnace outer wall, gasification stove internal wall, vapourizing furnace refractory liner, vapourizing furnace refractory brick and gasifier nozzle, it is vapourizing furnace refractory liner between gasification stove internal wall and vapourizing furnace refractory brick, burner is at least containing 2, be uniformly distributed in same level, it is 70-90 degree that nozzle centerline and vapourizing furnace medullary ray form angle γ, and jet exit is downward.
Burner as above is 2-6.
Beneficial effect of the present invention:
1) the residue powder coal gasification that nozzle can solve broken coal gasification is added.
2) drawing gasification layer gasification in the middle part of vaporizer generates not containing the coal gas of tar, main component is methane, hydrogen, carbon monoxide and carbonic acid gas, reducing the flow velocity of top gas exit simultaneously, the middle pressure steam of the coal gas of high temperature production higher quality of 450-650 DEG C can also be utilized in waste heat boiler.
3) double coal lock connects, and coal is locked gas and recycled, and reduces the punching press of coal lock and uses fresh coal gas amount, also provides a kind of possibility for promoting vaporization ability.
4) this working of an invention significantly can reduce top of gasification furnace dust-laden and pitch coal tolerance, reduces the treatment capacity of dust-laden and pitch coal air water.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is process schematic representation of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is that the present invention is communicated with double coal lock feeding unit 1 front view.
Fig. 3 is that the connection double coal lock device 1 of Fig. 2 faces application drawing.
Fig. 4 is that the A of Fig. 2 coal lock gas porthole baffle plate is to figure.
Fig. 5 draws raw gas device 3 front view in the middle part of vaporizer.
Fig. 6 is that the A of Fig. 5 gas flue mouth baffle plate is to structural representation.
Fig. 7 is slag area (4) structural representation with nozzle.
As shown in the figure, 1-is communicated with double coal lock feeding unit, 2-coal gas extraction channel device, raw gas device is drawn in the middle part of 3-vaporizer, 4-is with the slag area of nozzle, 5-scrubber cooler, 7-washing water recycle pump, 8-waste heat boiler, 9-oiler feed water pump, 11-raw gas separator, 12-gasification agent inlet, 13-lime-ash discharge outlet, 14-supplements Coal-gas Washing Water Using, 15-gas liquor tripping device, 16-mesohigh steam, 17-waste heat boiler feeds water, 18-is through the raw gas of separator, 19-dust-laden is containing pitch coal air water, 20-cyclonic separator I, 21-cyclonic separator II, the dust that 22-cyclonic separator I is deviate from, 23-is containing dust tar.
101-double coal lock, coal lock in left side in 101a-double coal lock, coal lock in right side in 101b-double coal lock, 102-coal locks valve, in 102a-double coal lock, left side coal locks valve, in 102b-double coal lock, right side coal locks valve, the lower valve of 103-coal lock, the lower valve of left side coal lock in 103a-double coal lock, the lower valve of right side coal lock in 103b-double coal lock, 104-transitional storehouse, 105-coal lock gas passage, 106-connects coal lock access valve, 107-connects pipeline section, pipeline section is connected on the left of 107a-, pipeline section is connected on the right side of 107b-, 108-coal stopper plate, 109-coal stopper plate aperture, 110-coal lock gas passage expanding reach, 111-coal lock gas passage straight section, 112-coal lock gas passage expanding reach and coal lock the angle α of outer wall, 113-coal outlet, 114-coal inlet
The gas flue of the symmetry in the middle part of 301-vaporizer, 302-baffle plate, 303-aperture, the open section of 304-baffle plate bottom, 305-vapourizing furnace outer wall, 306-gasification stove internal wall, the angle β that gas flue in the middle part of 307-vaporizer and vapourizing furnace outer wall are formed, the gas flue inwall in the middle part of the vaporizer in the middle part of 308-vaporizer, the gas flue outer wall in the middle part of 309-vaporizer, 310-vapourizing furnace refractory liner, 311-vapourizing furnace refractory brick.
401-burner, 402-vapourizing furnace outer wall, 403-gasification stove internal wall, 404-vapourizing furnace refractory liner, 405-vapourizing furnace refractory brick, 406-nozzle centerline, 407-vapourizing furnace medullary ray.
Embodiment
The use further illustrate the present invention below by specific embodiment, but should be understood to, these embodiments are only used for more in detail, specifically describing, and should not be construed as limiting the present invention in any form.
General description is carried out to the material used in the present invention and test method in this part.Although for realizing many materials used in the present invention and working method is well known in the art, the present invention still describes in detail as far as possible at this.It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that within a context, if not specified, material therefor of the present invention and working method are well known in the art.
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, explanation is specifically done to the specific embodiment of the present invention.
Embodiment 1
A kind of slack coal slag gasifier of the present invention, it comprises and is communicated with double coal lock feeding unit 1 and body of heater, it is characterized in that having on body of heater and be communicated with double coal lock feeding unit 1, upper of furnace body has coal gas extraction channel device 2, have in the middle part of body of heater in the middle part of vaporizer and draw raw gas device 3, lower portion of furnace body is the slag area 4 with nozzle, has lime-ash discharge outlet 13 at bottom of furnace body.
1) connection double coal lock feeding unit 1 comprises coal lock 101, coal locks valve 102, coal lock lower valve 103, coal inlet 114 and coal outlet 113, it is characterized in that coal lock 101 has 2, it is coal inlets 114 that each coal locks 101 tops, below coal inlet 114 be coal lock bottom valve 102, coal lock 101 be connected pipeline section 107 top and communicate, valve 103 under coal lock is equipped with at connection pipeline section 107 top, connect bottom pipeline section 107 and be connected with transitional storehouse 104, the bottom of transitional storehouse 104 is coal outlet 113, is connected between 2 coal locks 101 by 1 coal lock gas path 10 5.Coal lock gas path 10 5 locks gas passage expanding reach 110 by two ends coal and middle coal lock gas passage straight section 111 forms, at coal lock gas passage straight section 111 built with connection coal lock access valve 106, the coal being positioned at coal lock gas passage expanding reach locks the coal stopper plate 108 101 walls being provided with coal stopper plate aperture 109, and the wall of coal lock gas passage expanding reach 110 and coal lock 101 walls becomes 48 ° of angle α 112.Coal stopper plate 108 percentage of open area is between 49%, and the aperture of coal stopper plate aperture 109 is 0.2 millimeter.Coal lock gas path 10 5 is positioned at the position of 0.48 times of coal lock height.
Double coal lock feeding unit 1 described above realizes alternation by following steps: the coal lock lower valve 103a corresponding when coal lock 101a is in atmospheric pressure state is in closing condition, after coal in coal bunker being added normal pressure coal lock 101a, close corresponding coal and lock valve 102a, another coal lock 101b sends coal into vaporizer through transitional storehouse 104 under gravity simultaneously, after coal sample all sends into vaporizer, this coal lock 101b is filled with high pressure gas, now close the lower valve 103b of coal lock of this coal lock, open be full of coal gas high pressure coal lock 101b and loaded coal sample normal pressure coal lock 101a between connect coal lock access valve 106, treat that two coal lock 101a and 101b pressure are equal, close connection two coal lock 101a with 101b and be connected coal lock access valve 106, then the coal gas in the coal lock 101b now do not coaling is extracted out, coaling after making coal lock 101b to normal pressure, two coal lock 101a and 101b alternation, carry out the filling of coal sample, coal lock gas more than 60% recycles.
2) draw in the middle part of the vaporizer described in raw gas device 3 it comprise vapourizing furnace outer wall 305, gasification stove internal wall 306, vapourizing furnace refractory liner 310, vapourizing furnace refractory brick 311 and gas flue 301, it is vapourizing furnace refractory liner 310 between gasification stove internal wall 306 and vapourizing furnace refractory brick 311, vapourizing furnace outer wall 305 and gasification stove internal wall 306 have 1 to the gas flue 301 in the middle part of the vaporizer of symmetry, gas flue 301 in the middle part of vaporizer is made up of the gas flue outer wall 309 in the middle part of vaporizer and gas flue inwall 308, gas flue outer wall 309 in the middle part of vaporizer is connected with vapourizing furnace outer wall 305 in the middle part of vaporizer, and become the angle β of 42 degree, gas flue inwall 308 in the middle part of vaporizer is connected with the gasification stove internal wall 306 in the middle part of vaporizer, gas flue inwall 308 in the middle part of vaporizer establishes with the junction, upper middle part of gasification stove internal wall 306 baffle plate 302 having aperture 303, aperture 303 percentage of open area is 30%, aperture 303 aperture is 8 millimeters.Baffle plate 302 is 1/3 circle.Baffle plate 302 is parallel with the gasification stove internal wall 306 in the middle part of vaporizer.The position of the gasification stove internal wall 306 of the gas flue 301 in the middle part of vaporizer in the middle part of vaporizer is meterings from bottom vaporizer, 0.41 times of vaporizer height.
3) slag area 4 with nozzle described in, it comprises vapourizing furnace outer wall 402, gasification stove internal wall 403, vapourizing furnace refractory liner 404, vapourizing furnace refractory brick 405 and gasifier nozzle 401, it is vapourizing furnace refractory liner 404 between gasification stove internal wall 403 and vapourizing furnace refractory brick 405, burner 401 has 2, be uniformly distributed in same level, it is 73 degree that nozzle centerline 406 and vapourizing furnace medullary ray 407 form angle γ, and nozzle (401) outlet downwards.
Adopt the low-rank coal of moisture 35% to gasify, vapor pressure is 4.0MPa, gasification temperature 1050 DEG C, and it is 5-50mm coal sample that coal sample obtains particle diameter after fragmentation, screening, and loading coal bunker is that raw material is got in gasification ready, is then implemented by following steps:
(1) broken coal of 5-50mm is entered vaporizer top through the double coal lock feeding unit 1 be communicated with, rely on action of gravity slowly to decline and to burn each bed through super-dry, destructive distillation, methanation, gasification and carbon residue from top to bottom, vaporized chemical sprays 401 with the speed of 60-63m/s by burner and enters vapourizing furnace, make it to be uniformly distributed in zone of combustion bed, oxygen and carbon residue burning make coal ash reach more than coal ash fusion temperature instantaneously, form molten ash, and discharge vapourizing furnace by lime-ash discharge outlet 13; Zone of combustion is the region that gasifier temperature is the highest, for other reactions on top provide heat, along with hot gas rises through gasification layer along vaporizer, major part synthetic gas generates at this, and synthetic gas continues to rise to methanation layer, generating portion methane gas, methane gas and synthetic gas extract 58% out when methanation layer is by drawing raw gas device 3 in the middle part of vaporizer, the raw gas that temperature is 670 DEG C, through cyclonic separator 20 dedusting, makes dust content be less than the raw gas of 1mg/L.
The raw gas of methanation layer residue 42% heats the coal sample declined through destructive distillation layer, coal sample pyrolysis output is made to contain the rich hydrogen volatile matter of gas, steam and tar, along with gas rises further, be able to further cooling from the volatile matter of dry distillation area and synthetic gas on vapourizing furnace top, coal is then able to preheating and drying.Coal gas extraction channel device eventually through upper of furnace body is drawn the raw gas of temperature between 215 DEG C and is removed part dirt and tar with after the raw gas of cyclonic separator 20 dedusting mixes through cyclonic separator 21, then through scrubber cooler 5 dedusting again, cool after enter waste heat boiler 8 recovery waste heat, the temperature of raw gas is made to be down to 255 DEG C, the raw gas 18 isolating phlegma through gas-liquid separator 11 delivers to lower procedure, and gas liquor tripping device 15 gas recovery water sent to by washing phlegma.
The dust 22 removed from cyclonic separator 20 sends plant area.
Follow-up tar production is carried out containing dust tar 23 from cyclonic separator 21 is isolated.
The gas liquor of the dust-laden washed from scrubber cooler 5 enters bottom initial gross separation dirt and the water of waste heat boiler (8), the gas liquor of major part not dust-laden is pressurizeed by coal gas washing cycling water pump 7 and supplementary Coal-gas Washing Water Using 14 mix after turn back to scrubber cooler 8 and recycle, the gas liquor gas delivery water separation device 15 of all the other dust-ladens; The gas liquor that separation obtains turns back to scrubber cooler 5 and recycles;
Oiler feed 17 needed for waste heat boiler 8 is through after low pressure boiler feedwater water pump 9 is pressurized to 5.8MPa and sends into waste heat boiler 8 and produce the middle pressure steam product 16 that temperature is 245 DEG C.
Embodiment 2
Adopt the smokeless coal gasification of moisture 6%, vapor pressure is 5.0MPa, gasification temperature 1250 DEG C, and it is 5-50mm coal sample that coal sample obtains particle diameter after fragmentation, screening, and loading coal bunker is that raw material is got in gasification ready, is then implemented by following steps:
(1) broken coal of 5-50mm is entered vaporizer top through the double coal lock feeding unit 1 be communicated with, rely on action of gravity slowly to decline and to burn each bed through super-dry, destructive distillation, methanation, gasification and carbon residue from top to bottom, vaporized chemical sprays 401 with the speed of 62-64m/s by burner and enters vapourizing furnace, make it to be uniformly distributed in zone of combustion bed, oxygen and carbon residue burning make coal ash reach more than coal ash fusion temperature instantaneously, form molten ash, and discharge vapourizing furnace by lime-ash discharge outlet 13; Zone of combustion is the region that gasifier temperature is the highest, for other reactions on top provide heat, along with hot gas rises through gasification layer along vaporizer, major part synthetic gas generates at this, and synthetic gas continues to rise to methanation layer, generating portion methane gas, methane gas and synthetic gas extract 36% out when methanation layer is by drawing raw gas device 3 in the middle part of vaporizer, the raw gas that temperature is 580 DEG C, through cyclonic separator 20 dedusting, makes dust content be less than the raw gas of 1mg/L.
The raw gas of methanation layer residue 64% heats the coal sample declined through destructive distillation layer, coal sample pyrolysis output is made to contain the rich hydrogen volatile matter of gas, steam and tar, along with gas rises further, be able to further cooling from the volatile matter of dry distillation area and synthetic gas on vapourizing furnace top, coal is then able to preheating and drying.Coal gas extraction channel device 2 eventually through upper of furnace body is drawn the raw gas of temperature between 235 DEG C and is removed part dirt and tar with after the raw gas of cyclonic separator 20 dedusting mixes through cyclonic separator 21, then through scrubber cooler 5 dedusting again, cool after enter waste heat boiler 8 recovery waste heat, the temperature of raw gas is made to be down to 245 DEG C, the raw gas 18 isolating phlegma through gas-liquid separator 11 delivers to lower procedure, and gas liquor tripping device 15 gas recovery water sent to by washing phlegma.
The dust 22 removed from cyclonic separator 20 sends plant area.
Follow-up tar production is carried out containing dust tar 23 from cyclonic separator 21 is isolated.
The gas liquor of the dust-laden washed from scrubber cooler 5 enters bottom initial gross separation dirt and the water of waste heat boiler 8, the gas liquor of major part not dust-laden is pressurizeed by coal gas washing cycling water pump 7 and supplementary Coal-gas Washing Water Using 14 mix after turn back to scrubber cooler 5 and recycle, the gas liquor gas delivery water separation device 15 of all the other dust-ladens; The gas liquor that separation obtains turns back to scrubber cooler 5 and recycles;
Oiler feed 17 needed for waste heat boiler 8 is through after low pressure boiler feedwater water pump 9 is pressurized to 5.2MPa and sends into waste heat boiler 8 and produce the middle pressure steam product 16 that temperature is 215 DEG C.
Nucleus equipment crushed coal pressurized-gasification furnace implementation process is:
The double coal lock device be communicated with has 1 to lock gas path 10 5 to the coal of symmetry, position between be metered into vaporizer height from valve 103 under coal lock 0.52, coal lock gas passage is locked the coal stopper plate 108 that gas porthole is arranged by coal, the coal stopper plate aperture 109 that baffle plate is opened, expanding reach 110, straight section 111 and valve 106 form, it is 45 ° that expanding reach 110 and coal lock the angle α 112 that outer wall becomes, the percentage of open area of baffle plate is between 52%, and the aperture of the coal stopper plate aperture 109 on coal stopper plate is 0.5 millimeter.
By being provided with 3 gas flues 301 in the middle part of vapourizing furnace, extract the raw gas of 36% out, gas flue 301 is meterings from bottom vaporizer in the position of gasification stove internal wall 306, is 0.41 times of vaporizer height.Angle β 307 is 35 degree, and the percentage of open area of baffle plate is 6.4 millimeters in 34% aperture (303) aperture, and baffle plate 302 is 1/6 circle, and remaining 64% raw gas is drawn by the coal gas extraction channel device 2 through upper of furnace body after destructive distillation and drying layer.
Burner 401 has 3, and it is 79 degree that nozzle centerline 406 and vapourizing furnace medullary ray 407 form angle γ.All the other are with embodiment 1.
Embodiment 3
Adopt the para-bituminous coal of moisture 20% to gasify, vapor pressure is 5.4MPa, gasification temperature 1150 DEG C, and it is 5-50mm coal sample that coal sample obtains particle diameter after fragmentation, screening, and loading coal bunker is that raw material is got in gasification ready, is then implemented by following steps:
(1) broken coal of 5-50mm is entered vaporizer top through the double coal lock feeding unit 1 be communicated with, rely on action of gravity slowly to decline and to burn each bed through super-dry, destructive distillation, methanation, gasification and carbon residue from top to bottom, vaporized chemical sprays 401 with the speed of 67-68m/s by burner and enters vapourizing furnace, make it to be uniformly distributed in zone of combustion bed, oxygen and carbon residue burning make coal ash reach more than coal ash fusion temperature instantaneously, form molten ash, and discharge vapourizing furnace by lime-ash discharge outlet 13; Zone of combustion is the region that gasifier temperature is the highest, for other reactions on top provide heat, along with hot gas rises through gasification layer along vaporizer, major part synthetic gas generates at this, and synthetic gas continues to rise to methanation layer, generating portion methane gas, methane gas and synthetic gas extract 5% out when methanation layer is by drawing raw gas device 3 in the middle part of vaporizer, the raw gas that temperature is 470 DEG C, through cyclonic separator 5 dedusting, makes dust content be less than the raw gas of 1mg/L.
The raw gas of methanation layer residue 95% heats the coal sample declined through destructive distillation layer, coal sample pyrolysis output is made to contain the rich hydrogen volatile matter of gas, steam and tar, along with gas rises further, be able to further cooling from the volatile matter of dry distillation area and synthetic gas on vapourizing furnace top, coal is then able to preheating and drying.Coal gas extraction channel device 2 eventually through upper of furnace body draw the raw gas of temperature between 275 DEG C with after the raw gas of cyclonic separator 20 dedusting mixes through cyclonic separator (21) except part dirt and tar, then through scrubber cooler 5 dedusting again, cool after enter waste heat boiler (8) recovery waste heat, the temperature of raw gas is made to be down to 225 DEG C, the raw gas 18 isolating phlegma through gas-liquid separator 11 delivers to lower procedure, and gas liquor tripping device 15 gas recovery water sent to by washing phlegma.
The dust 22 removed from cyclonic separator 20 sends plant area.
Follow-up tar production is carried out containing dust tar 23 from cyclonic separator 21 is isolated.
The gas liquor of the dust-laden washed from scrubber cooler 5 enters bottom initial gross separation dirt and the water of waste heat boiler 8 with coal gas, the gas liquor of major part not dust-laden is pressurizeed by coal gas washing cycling water pump 7 and supplementary Coal-gas Washing Water Using 14 mix after turn back to scrubber cooler 5 and recycle, the gas liquor gas delivery water separation device 15 of all the other dust-ladens; The gas liquor that separation obtains turns back to scrubber cooler 5 and recycles;
Oiler feed 17 needed for waste heat boiler 8 is through after low pressure boiler feedwater water pump 9 is pressurized to 4.2MPa and sends into waste heat boiler 8 and produce the middle pressure steam product 16 that temperature is 205 DEG C.
The double coal lock device be communicated with has 1 coal lock gas path 10 5, position between be metered into vaporizer height from valve 103 under coal lock 0.46, coal lock gas passage is locked the coal stopper plate 108 that gas porthole is arranged by coal, the coal stopper plate aperture 109 that coal stopper plate is opened, expanding reach 110, straight section 111 and valve 106 form, and it is 33 ° that expanding reach 110 and coal lock the angle α 112 that outer wall becomes, the percentage of open area of coal stopper plate is between 63%, and the aperture of coal stopper plate aperture 109 is 0.8 millimeter.
By being provided with 4 gas flues 301 in the middle part of vaporizer, extract the raw gas of 5% out, in the middle part of vaporizer, gas flue 301 is meterings from bottom vaporizer in the position of gasification stove internal wall 306,0.45 times of vaporizer height.Angle β 307 is 32 degree, and the percentage of open area of baffle plate is 32%, and aperture 303 aperture is 4.4 millimeters, and baffle plate 302 is 1/9 circle, and remaining 95% raw gas is drawn by the coal gas extraction channel device 2 through upper of furnace body after destructive distillation and drying layer.
Burner 401 has 4, and nozzle centerline 406 and vapourizing furnace medullary ray 407 form angle γ and be 87 degree all the other are with embodiment 1.
Claims (13)
1. a technique for broken coal slag gasification of coal preparing synthetic gas, is characterized in that comprising the steps:
(1) broken coal of 5-50mm is entered vaporizer top through the double coal lock feeding unit be communicated with, vaporized chemical sprays into vapourizing furnace with the speed of 60-70m/s by burner, forms molten ash and discharges vapourizing furnace by lime-ash discharge outlet; Methane gas and synthetic gas extract the raw gas of 5-60%, temperature 450-700 DEG C out when methanation layer is by drawing raw gas device in the middle part of vaporizer, through cyclonic separator dedusting, make dust content be less than the raw gas of 1mg/L;
(2) raw gas of methanation layer residue 40-95% is drawn the raw gas of temperature between 210-300 DEG C eventually through the coal gas extraction channel device of upper of furnace body and is removed part dirt and tar with after the raw gas of cyclonic separator dedusting mixes through cyclonic separator, then through scrubber cooler dedusting again, waste heat boiler recovery waste heat is entered after cooling, the temperature of raw gas is made to be down to 220-280 DEG C, the raw gas going out phlegma through gas-liquid separator separates delivers to lower procedure, gas liquor tripping device gas recovery water sent to by washing phlegma, the dust removed from cyclonic separator sends plant area, follow-up tar production is carried out containing tar dust from cyclonic separator is isolated,
(3) gas liquor of the dust-laden washed from scrubber cooler enters bottom initial gross separation dirt and the water of waste heat boiler, the gas liquor of major part not dust-laden is pressurizeed by coal gas washing cycling water pump and turns back to scrubber cooler after supplementing Coal-gas Washing Water Using mixing and recycles, the gas liquor gas delivery water separation device of all the other dust-ladens, the gas liquor that separation obtains turns back to scrubber cooler and recycles;
(4) oiler feed needed for waste heat boiler is through after low pressure boiler feedwater water pump is pressurized to 4.0MPa-6.0MPa and sends into the mesohigh steam product that waste heat boiler generation temperature is more than 200 DEG C.
2. the slack coal slag gasifier of the technique use of a kind of broken coal slag gasification of coal preparing synthetic gas as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that it comprises and be communicated with double coal lock feeding unit (1) and body of heater, it is characterized in that having on body of heater and be communicated with double coal lock feeding unit (1), upper of furnace body has coal gas extraction channel device (2), have in the middle part of body of heater in the middle part of vaporizer and draw raw gas device (3), lower portion of furnace body is the slag area (4) with nozzle, has lime-ash discharge outlet (13) at bottom of furnace body.
3. the slack coal slag gasifier of the technique use of a kind of broken coal slag gasification of coal preparing synthetic gas as claimed in claim 2, it comprises coal lock (101) to it is characterized in that described connection double coal lock feeding unit (1), coal locks valve (102), , the lower valve (103) of coal lock, coal inlet (114), transitional storehouse (104) and coal outlet (113), coal lock (101) has 2, each coal lock (101) top is coal inlet (114), coal inlet (114) below is that coal locks valve (102), coal lock (101) bottom communicates with pipe connecting (107) top, valve (103) under coal lock is equipped with at pipe connecting (107) top, pipe connecting (107) bottom is connected with transitional storehouse (104), the bottom of transitional storehouse (104) is coal outlet (113), be connected by least 1 coal lock gas passage (105) between 2 coals lock (101).
4. the slack coal slag gasifier of the technique use of a kind of broken coal slag gasification of coal preparing synthetic gas as claimed in claim 3, it is characterized in that described coal lock gas passage (105) locks gas passage expanding reach (110) by two ends coal and middle coal lock gas passage straight section (111) forms, at coal lock gas passage straight section (111) built with connection coal lock access valve (106), be positioned at coal lock gas passage expanding reach (110) and lock with coal the baffle plate (108) (1) wall Link Port being provided with aperture (109), the angle α (112) that coal lock gas passage expanding reach (110) wall and coal lock (101) wall is 30-60 °.
5. the slack coal slag gasifier of the technique use of a kind of broken coal slag gasification of coal preparing synthetic gas as claimed in claim 4, it is characterized in that described baffle plate (108) percentage of open area is between 45-65%, the aperture of aperture (109) is 0.2-1.0 millimeter.
6. the slack coal slag gasifier of the technique use of a kind of broken coal slag gasification of coal preparing synthetic gas as claimed in claim 3, is characterized in that the position of described coal lock gas passage (105) between 0.45-0.55 times of whole coal lock height.
7. the slack coal slag gasifier of the technique use of a kind of broken coal slag gasification of coal preparing synthetic gas as claimed in claim 2, it comprises vapourizing furnace outer wall (305) to it is characterized in that drawing raw gas device (3) in the middle part of described vaporizer, gasification stove internal wall (306), vapourizing furnace refractory liner (310), vapourizing furnace refractory brick (311) and gas flue (301), vapourizing furnace refractory liner (310) between gasification stove internal wall (306) and vapourizing furnace refractory brick (311), vapourizing furnace outer wall (305) and gasification stove internal wall (306) have the gas flue (301) of at least 2, gas flue (301) is uniformly distributed in vapourizing furnace outer wall (305) same level, the opening upwards of gas flue (301), gas flue (301) is made up of gas flue outer wall (309) and gas flue inwall (308), gas flue outer wall (309) is connected with vapourizing furnace outer wall (305), and become the angle β (307) of 30-45 degree, gas flue inwall (308) is connected with gasification stove internal wall (306), the baffle plate (302) of aperture (303) is provided with at gas flue inwall (308) and the junction, upper middle part of gasification stove internal wall (306), baffle plate (302) is parallel with gasification stove internal wall (306).
8. the slack coal slag gasifier of the technique use of a kind of broken coal slag gasification of coal preparing synthetic gas as claimed in claim 7, it is characterized in that described gas flue (301) is metering from bottom vaporizer in the position of gasification stove internal wall (306), is 0.41-0.62 times of vaporizer height.
9. the slack coal slag gasifier of the technique use of a kind of broken coal slag gasification of coal preparing synthetic gas as claimed in claim 7, it is characterized in that the percentage of open area of described baffle plate (302) is between 30-40%, aperture (303) aperture is 4-8 millimeter.
10. the slack coal slag gasifier of the technique use of a kind of broken coal slag gasification of coal preparing synthetic gas as claimed in claim 7, is characterized in that described baffle plate (302) is for 1/10-1/3 circle.
The slack coal slag gasifier of the technique use of 11. a kind of broken coal slag gasification of coal preparing synthetic gas as claimed in claim 7, is characterized in that described gas flue (301) has 2-6.
The slack coal slag gasifier of the technique use of 12. a kind of broken coal slag gasification of coal preparing synthetic gas as claimed in claim 2, it is characterized in that the described slag area with nozzle (4), it comprises vapourizing furnace outer wall (402), gasification stove internal wall (403), vapourizing furnace refractory liner (404), vapourizing furnace refractory brick (405) and gasifier nozzle (401), vapourizing furnace refractory liner (404) between gasification stove internal wall (403) and vapourizing furnace refractory brick (405), burner (401) is at least containing 2, be uniformly distributed in same level, it is 70-90 degree that nozzle centerline (406) and vapourizing furnace medullary ray (407) form angle γ, nozzle (401) outlet downwards.
The slack coal slag gasifier of the technique use of 13. a kind of broken coal slag gasification of coal preparing synthetic gas as claimed in claim 12, is characterized in that described burner (401) is for 2-6.
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| CN110305697A (en) * | 2019-07-15 | 2019-10-08 | 新能能源有限公司 | The control method that feeds intake of catalytic coal gasifaction |
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