CN104525944A - High-energy beam-ultrasonic composite additive manufacturing method for metal materials - Google Patents
High-energy beam-ultrasonic composite additive manufacturing method for metal materials Download PDFInfo
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- CN104525944A CN104525944A CN201410815471.8A CN201410815471A CN104525944A CN 104525944 A CN104525944 A CN 104525944A CN 201410815471 A CN201410815471 A CN 201410815471A CN 104525944 A CN104525944 A CN 104525944A
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
- Y02P10/25—Process efficiency
Abstract
The invention discloses a high-energy beam-ultrasonic composite additive manufacturing method for metal materials and belongs to the field of additive manufacturing (3D printing) of metal materials. The method comprises the steps that based on the technical principle of layer-by-layer accumulation of additive manufacturing, metal forming materials are melted through high-energy beams; after the metal forming materials are melted/solidified layer by layer to accumulate to a certain number of layers, the solidified layers are subjected to ultrasonic peening to have compressive plastic deformation, so the internal stress and the internal defects of formed parts are eliminated, and crystalline grains are refined; afterwards, the process of layer-by-layer melting/ solidifying accumulation and the process of ultrasonic peening are continued until the whole forming process of metal members is completed. According to the method, real-time layer-by-layer treatment is performed on the solidified layers through ultrasonic peening, so the internal stress and the internal defects can be effectively reduced or eliminated, the crystalline grains can be refined, and the mechanical property of the metal members through additive manufacturing can be improved.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to metal material and increase material manufacture (3D printing) field, be specifically related to a kind of metal material high energy beam-ULTRASONIC COMPLEX and increase material manufacture method.
Background technology
Increasing material manufacturing technology is controlled according to cad model by computer, adopts high energy beam successively to melt/solidification-stack to metal material (powder, silk material or sheet material), is directly successively piled into the near-net-shape manufacturing technology of hardware by threedimensional model.Compare with classical production process, it is with short production cycle without the need to mould, and stock utilization is high, and the conventional method that can be shaped cannot manufacture complexity/super complex structural member, has huge development potentiality and wide application prospect, therefore receives much attention in recent years.
But metal material melting increasing material manufacture difficulty is large, mainly contains three problems and restricts this technical development and application always.The first, internal stress problem.Metal molten increases the thermal stress of material manufacture process, structural stress and solidification shrinkage stress to be caused in structural member and there is huge internal stress, causes structural member to be easy to buckling deformation, even to ftracture.The second, metallurgical imperfection problem.Increase in material manufacture fusing/process of setting and easily produce the internal flaw such as pore, incomplete fusion, cause the key mechanics poor performance such as component fatigue performance.3rd, coarse grains problem.The hardware crystal grain increasing material manufacture cannot refine to forging level, causes its comprehensive mechanical property cannot reach forging standard, limits its application at long service load-carrying construction part.Even if above-mentioned three problems, after process optimization, still seriously exist.Therefore, after structural member manufacture completes, need to carry out post processing, eliminate internal stress as adopted heat treatment, high temperature insostatic pressing (HIP) eliminates internal flaw etc.But post processing exists certain limitation, increase the part deformation cracking in material manufacture process as prevented, cannot crystal grain thinning, hot isostatic apparatus expensive and after its process metallurgical imperfection still have part residual.In addition, the accessory size that hot isostatic apparatus can process is less, limits high energy beam and increases the application that material manufactures band large-scale metal component.Therefore, post processing there is no method and solves the three large bottleneck problems that hardware increases material manufacture, urgently develops new method.
Ultrasonic impact is a kind of new technology of metal material surface process, and it promotes percussion tool high-frequency percussion metal surface by high-power ultrasonics, makes surface produce certain thickness plastic deformation layer, effectively can eliminate metal surface stress and defect, crystal grain thinning.High energy beam increases material manufacturing technology and is combined with ultrasonic impact, is to solve metal material to increase one of method of the three large bottleneck problems that material manufactures.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is the know-why of piling up based on increasing material manufacture " successively ", propose ultrasonic impact in real time " successively " eliminate the new method of internal stress and internal flaw, crystal grain thinning, high energy beam-the ULTRASONIC COMPLEX defining the successively Plastic Forming of high energy beam fusing Layer by layer solidification shaping+ultrasonic impact increases material and manufactures new technology, it effectively can solve internal stress, internal flaw and coarse grains problem, improves and increases the mechanical property that material manufactures hardware.
For achieving the above object, the present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions:
The invention provides a kind of metal material high energy beam-ULTRASONIC COMPLEX and increase material manufacture method, it is characterized in that, in the increasing material manufacture process of successively piling up, by high energy beam deposite metal moulding material, after the successively certain number of plies of fusing/solidification-stack, ultrasonic impact is carried out to solidification layer, solidification layer generation compactibility is out of shape, thus eliminate drip molding internal stress and internal flaw, crystal grain thinning, then proceed successively to melt/solidification-stack and ultrasonic impact process, until complete the forming process of whole hardware.
According to embodiments of the invention, the method can also have following technical characteristic, specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) layering and path planning: the threedimensional model being drawn part by CAD, adopts Slice Software to obtain part layering cross-section data, planning point layer cross section high energy beam scanning pattern and ultrasonic impact path.
(2) high energy beam melts/solidifies: high energy beam, according to planning that cross-sectional scans path is by metal material melting, forms certain thickness solidification layer, now exists larger stretching residual stress, metallurgical imperfection and coarse grain in solidification layer;
(3) ultrasonic impact plastic deformation: ultrasonic impact gun, according to planning that impact path, cross section is impacted solidification layer, makes solidification layer generation compactibility be out of shape, forms plastic deformation layer, thus eliminates internal stress and internal flaw, crystal grain thinning;
(4) successively stack shaping: repeat (2) and (3), thus form the process of high energy beam fusing Layer by layer solidification shaping and ultrasonic impact successively Plastic Forming, substrate or forming board are formed the high-performance metal component that multilayer is piled up.
In order to realize the present invention better, above-mentioned high energy beam comprises high power or the high brightness thermals source such as laser beam, electron beam, electric arc or ion beam; Described metal forming material can be powder, thread or board-like material; Described high energy beam can single or multiple lift by certain for metal material melting/solidification-stack number of plies, changes with concrete technology condition; The thickness of described solidification layer should be less than the thickness of the plastic deformation that ultrasonic impact can reach, and the thickness of ultrasonic impact plastic deformation controls by the impulsive force changing frequency of impact and ultrasonic impact head.
The present invention has the following advantages and beneficial effect compared with increasing material manufacturing technology with existing high energy beam:
1, the present invention adopts ultrasonic impact to increase " successively " process in real time in material manufacture process at high energy beam, effectively can eliminate internal stress and internal flaw, crystal grain thinning, realize high dimensional accuracy and high performance control that hardware increases material manufacture.
2, treatment process of the present invention is simple, implement easily, metal material high energy beam current can be widely used in and increase material manufacture field, the high energy beam current being specially adapted to band large-scale metal component increases material manufacture, make it break away from the puzzlement of three large bottleneck problems, the low cost realizing high-performance large-scale hardware manufactures fast.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is that a kind of metal material high energy beam-ULTRASONIC COMPLEX according to the embodiment of the present invention increases material manufacture method, illustrated therein is precinct laser fusion-ultrasonic impact compound and increases material manufacturing installation schematic diagram
In figure: 1. laser instrument; 2. scanning galvanometer; 3. gas shield working chamber; 4. mechanical mobile device; 5. ultrasonic impact gun; 6. formation cylinder; 7. metal dust; 8. drip molding; 9. powder-wiping plate; 10. store up powder case
Fig. 2 is that a kind of according to another embodiment of the present invention metal material high energy beam-ULTRASONIC COMPLEX increases material manufacture method, illustrated therein is laser fast forming-ultrasonic impact compound and increases material manufacturing installation schematic diagram
In figure: 1. laser instrument; 2. focus lens system; 3. gas shield working chamber; 4. mechanical mobile device; 5. ultrasonic impact gun; 6. matrix; 7. shaping layer; 8. coaxial nozzle; 9. powder feeder
Detailed description of the invention
Below in conjunction with specific embodiment and accompanying drawing, the invention will be further described, but embodiments of the present invention are not limited thereto.
Embodiment 1
Fig. 1 shows one embodiment of the invention; Precinct laser fusion-ultrasonic impact compound increases material manufacturing installation schematic diagram, and concrete operations comprise the following steps:
(1) metal dust 7 that storage powder case 10 falls is scraped on the working plate of formation cylinder 6 by scraper plate 9, forms certain thickness paved powder bed in advance;
(2) laser instrument 1 produces laser beam, carries out selective melting by scanning galvanometer 2 according to the cross-sectional scans path of having planned to metal dust 7 paved in advance;
(3), after certain number of plies is melted/solidifies in laser scanning, ultrasonic impact gun 5 is displaced downwardly to the frequency of impact of working region by setting, the whole solidification layer surface of path impinges of impulsive force and planning in the driving of mechanical device 4;
(4) ultrasonic impact gun 5 is returned to initial position, and formation cylinder 6 declines a layer thickness;
(5) repeated execution of steps (1) ~ (4), the fusing of drip molding 8/solidify and all carry out in shape gas protection room 3 with plastic deformation.
Embodiment 2
Fig. 2 shows another specific embodiment of the present invention; Laser fast forming-ultrasonic impact compound increases material manufacturing installation schematic diagram, and concrete operations comprise the following steps:
(1) focus lens system 2 and coaxial nozzle 8 move to working region above matrix 6;
(2) laser instrument 1 by focus lens system 2 produce certain spot diameter laser beam melts matrix 6 or shaping layer 7 surface formed molten bath.Powder feeder 9 utilizes protective gas transferring metal powder simultaneously, is ejected in molten bath by metal dust, thus melts/solidify formation solidification layer by coaxial nozzle 8;
(3) laser is by after planning that scanning pattern melts/solidify certain number of plies, and focus lens system 2 and coaxial nozzle 8 are returned to initial position, and raise a shaping layer thickness;
(4) ultrasonic impact gun 5 is displaced downwardly to working region by the frequency of impact of setting, impulsive force and the whole solidification layer surface of the path impinges planned in the driving of mechanical device 4;
(5) ultrasonic impact gun 5 is returned to initial position, and raises a shaping layer thickness,
(6) repeated execution of steps (1) ~ (5), above operation is all carried out in shape gas protection room 3.
Embodiment 3
The present embodiment except following characteristics other features with embodiment 1: described laser instrument 1 is electron beam launcher.
The above; be only the present invention's preferably detailed description of the invention, but protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, any those skilled in the art are in technical scope disclosed by the invention; the change that can expect easily or replacement, all should be encompassed in protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. metal material high energy beam-ULTRASONIC COMPLEX increases material manufacture method, it is characterized in that, in the increasing material manufacture process of successively piling up, by high energy beam deposite metal moulding material, after the successively certain number of plies of fusing/solidification-stack, ultrasonic impact is carried out to solidification layer, solidification layer generation compactibility is out of shape, thus eliminate drip molding internal stress and internal flaw, crystal grain thinning, then proceed successively to melt/solidification-stack and ultrasonic impact process, until complete the forming process of whole hardware.
2. metal material high energy beam according to claim 1-ULTRASONIC COMPLEX increases material manufacture method, and it is characterized in that, described high energy beam comprises high power or the high brightness thermals source such as laser beam, electron beam, electric arc or ion beam.
3. metal material high energy beam according to claim 1-ULTRASONIC COMPLEX increases material manufacture method, and it is characterized in that, described metal forming material can be powder, thread or board-like material.
4. metal material high energy beam according to claim 1-ULTRASONIC COMPLEX increases material manufacture method, it is characterized in that, described high energy beam can single or multiple lift by certain for metal material melting/solidification-stack number of plies, can change with concrete technology condition.
5. metal material high energy beam according to claim 1-ULTRASONIC COMPLEX increases material manufacture method, and it is characterized in that, the thickness of described solidification layer should be less than the thickness of the plastic deformation that ultrasonic impact can reach.
6. metal material high energy beam according to claim 1-ULTRASONIC COMPLEX increases material manufacture method, it is characterized in that, the thickness of described ultrasonic impact plastic deformation controls by the impulsive force changing frequency of impact and ultrasonic impact head.
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| CN104923789A (en) * | 2015-07-06 | 2015-09-23 | 华中科技大学 | Selective laser melting coupling impact wave equipment |
| CN105750546A (en) * | 2016-04-29 | 2016-07-13 | 西安交通大学 | Selective-laser-melting two-dimensional ultrasonic vibration introducing device |
| CN105798301A (en) * | 2016-05-12 | 2016-07-27 | 上海工程技术大学 | Stress slow release method for TC4 titanium alloy additive manufacturing component based on double electron beams |
| CN106141439A (en) * | 2016-08-13 | 2016-11-23 | 中北大学 | Eliminate the laser-impact device of laser fusion molded article residual stress |
| CN106583719A (en) * | 2016-08-23 | 2017-04-26 | 西北工业大学 | Preparation method capable of synchronously improving strength and plasticity of additive manufactured titanium alloy |
| CN106735967A (en) * | 2016-11-21 | 2017-05-31 | 湘潭大学 | A kind of method of ultrasonic vibration assistant electric arc increasing material manufacturing control shape control |
| CN106735200A (en) * | 2016-11-30 | 2017-05-31 | 沈阳航空航天大学 | A kind of laser gain material manufacture vibrates hammering device and application method with assisting ultrasonic |
| CN107127339A (en) * | 2016-07-23 | 2017-09-05 | 大连美光速造科技有限公司 | A kind of metal 3D printing parts process of eliminating stress based on ultrasonic vibration |
| CN107283059A (en) * | 2017-05-18 | 2017-10-24 | 广东工业大学 | A kind of molten product laser-impact of electric arc forges increasing material manufacturing method and apparatus |
| CN107378251A (en) * | 2017-05-31 | 2017-11-24 | 广东工业大学 | A kind of destressing laser-impact of band large-scale metal part forges surface repairing method and device |
| CN107470628A (en) * | 2017-08-22 | 2017-12-15 | 哈尔滨工程大学 | Improve increasing material manufacturing metal structure and the ultrasonic micro- forging set composite and increasing material manufacturing method of performance |
| CN107470619A (en) * | 2017-07-12 | 2017-12-15 | 北京煜鼎增材制造研究院有限公司 | A kind of increasing material manufacturing method of metal parts |
| CN107552798A (en) * | 2017-08-31 | 2018-01-09 | 孙振淋 | A kind of method for improving 3D printing or electric arc increasing material formation of parts intensity |
| CN107598162A (en) * | 2017-08-21 | 2018-01-19 | 陕西天元智能再制造股份有限公司 | Increase material and subtract material with being ultrasonically treated the metal parts composite manufacturing System and method for combined |
| CN107812942A (en) * | 2017-11-01 | 2018-03-20 | 西北工业大学 | A kind of double ultrasonic wave added laser gain material manufacture devices and method |
| CN107900339A (en) * | 2017-12-12 | 2018-04-13 | 苏州创浩新材料科技有限公司 | A kind of ultrasonic vibration 3D printing device and Method of printing |
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| CN105750546A (en) * | 2016-04-29 | 2016-07-13 | 西安交通大学 | Selective-laser-melting two-dimensional ultrasonic vibration introducing device |
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| CN109226761A (en) * | 2018-10-31 | 2019-01-18 | 南京理工大学 | A kind of device of the compound increasing material manufacturing of electron beam-supersonic synergic |
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