Summary of the invention
The present invention seeks to for prior art above shortcomings, by large quantifier elimination and experiment, provide a kind of containing the antiviral urea of lysogenic phage, meanwhile, present invention also offers the preparation method containing the antiviral urea of lysogenic phage.
A kind of containing the antiviral urea of lysogenic phage, composition comprises lysogenic phage 0.25 ~ 0.5wt% and urea 99 ~ 99.5wt%; Described urea nitrogen content 45 ~ 46.5wt%, containing MDU 0.2 ~ 0.5wt%(in HCHO); Wherein, urea nitrogen content preferably 46 ~ 46.5wt%.
Described lysogenic phage comprises lysogeny coliphage, lysogeny pyocinophages and lysogenic Staphylococcus phage etc.
The above-mentioned preparation method containing the antiviral urea of lysogenic phage, comprises the following steps:
(1) lysogenic phage fermented liquid is prepared
Filter out in the movement of animal by the Host Strains of phage-infect, i.e. lysogenic phage, the lysogenic phage obtained is put into substratum, in shaking table, 37 DEG C of constant temperature culture 24h, obtain nutrient solution; The nutrient solution transfering loop obtained is applied on agar plate, after netted line, be placed in insulation can, constant temperature 37 DEG C places 24h, picking out the sturdy lysogenic phage of growth is reentered in substratum, in shaking table, 37 DEG C are continued to cultivate 24h, so repeat 5 times, obtain the lysogenic phage seed liquor of single bacterium colony, then the retort that substratum is housed is put into, 37 DEG C of Anaerobic culturel 30h, filter, obtain lysogenic phage fermented liquid;
Lysogenic phage described in step (1), by opticmicroscope screening, its form is that bacteriophage head and afterbody are adsorbed on Host Strains cell walls, and now the genome of phage has been integrated into the genome of Host Strains; Lysogenic phage of the present invention is also bought by market and is directly obtained;
Medium preparation method described in step (1) is: the raw material taking following weight part respectively: glucose 20, beef peptone 5, yeast powder 5, potassium primary phosphate 2, dipotassium hydrogen phosphate 2, calcium chloride 1, magnesium sulfate 1 and pure water 64, mixing, stirring and dissolving;
In step (1), lysogenic phage inoculum size is 3% of substratum quality;
In step (1), retort chooses the stainless steel cauldron that band stirs, and needs to do aseptically process, carry out real tank sterilizing, after cooling, then move into seed liquor after charging before charging; Concrete grammar is: first clean up with water, carry out slack tank sterilizing, with the water vapour boiling 20min of 150 DEG C, be cooled to 37 DEG C, then previously prepared substratum is loaded in the biochemical reactor of sterilising treatment, carry out real tank sterilising temp 110 DEG C, time 15min, after sterilizing, in reactor jacket, water flowing is cooled to 37 DEG C;
In step (1), anaerobic culture conditions is be 7 at PH, and temperature is 37 ~ 37.5 DEG C, and mixing speed is 100r/min;
In step (1), lysogenic phage fermentation liquor hplc determination biomass reaches 120 ~ 125g/L, namely contains 120 ~ 125g lysogenic phage in often liter of fermented liquid;
(2) preparation of high tower mist projection granulating is containing the urea of lysogenic phage
With the urea of high-pressure smelting pump by molten state, namely urine squeezes into the urine injector at prilling tower top, urine is sprayed for fine mist, the lysogenic phage fermented liquid that step (1) obtains is squeezed into the swirl injector of carbamide granulation top of tower simultaneously, lysogenic phage fermented liquid sprays for fine mist, droplet Homogeneous phase mixing in descent of above-mentioned two kinds of fine mists, progressively assemble and form particle, lysogenic phage fermented liquid is comprised in urea granules, obtains the present invention containing the antiviral urea of lysogenic phage.
In step (2), lysogenic phage fermented liquid pumping capacity is 16L/min, and urine squirt pump flow is 650L/min, and urine per ton adds 20L lysogenic phage fermented liquid.
The present invention, containing the antiviral urea of lysogenic phage, effectively can kill the powder bacterium in knee Pseudomonas, powder scab Pseudomonas, Peronospora, dish stalk Pseudomonas, Basidiomycotina and rest fungus.
The present invention, containing the antiviral urea of lysogenic phage, is widely used in topdressing and base manure of the farm crop such as wheat, corn, paddy rice, cotton, veterinary antibiotics.Gather the field soil sample of long-term maize planting, wheat, pachyrhizus, cotton crop, mix the present invention to compare with the sample mixing common urea containing the urea of lysogenic phage, observe under Powerful Light Microscope after 60h, to mix in the soil sample containing lysogenic phage urea contained bacterium live body, for mix common urea soil sample in contained bacterium live body about 25%.
The present invention's one is containing antiviral urea of lysogenic phage and preparation method thereof, compared with prior art, its beneficial effect is: adopt high tower spraying to merge granulation process, the lysogenic phage that screening is cultivated is included in urea granules, middlely to be dissolved by moisture when urea is manured into soil, when condition is changed to the growth and breeding of applicable thalline, Host Strains cell rupture, the prophage lived with in Host Strains breeds rapidly the bacterium of infecting surrounding in soil, fungi, actinomycetes, the microorganisms such as enzyme bacterium and spirochete, cause it dead, eliminate the virus and bacteria being unfavorable for plant growth in soil, inhibit urase simultaneously, nitrifying ferment is to the decomposition of urea, reach the effect extending fertilizer efficiency.
Specific embodiments
Below by embodiment detailed description beneficial effect of the present invention.
Embodiment 1
(1) lysogenic phage fermented liquid is prepared
Gather animal feces sample, filtering solid impurity, filtrate is uniformly coated on eyeglass, observe under being placed on Powerful Light Microscope, find somely to be entered the Host Strains cells such as intestinal bacteria that bacteriophage head and afterbody embed, selected, now phage by the gene integration of self in colibacillary cellular genome, be lysogenic phage, the lysogenic phage of collection is put into the shaking flask that substratum is housed, then shaking table is put into, 37 DEG C of constant temperature culture 24h, the nutrient solution transfering loop obtained is coated on 3 ~ 5 agar plate boxes and rules with hatch manner, be placed in thermostat container, in 37 DEG C of static gas wave refrigerator 24h, pick out the lysogenic phage cell that growth is sturdy under the microscope, put into the culture media shaking vase being equipped with and again preparing, in shaking table, 37 DEG C are continued to cultivate 24h, repetition like this 5 times, obtain the lysogenic phage seed liquor of single bacterium colony, then the 2000L stainless steel reaction tank that substratum is housed is put into, stir, be under the condition of 7 at PH, in 37 DEG C of Anaerobic culturel 30h, with the solid impurity in flame filter press filtering fermented liquid, obtain lysogenic phage fermented liquid, reach 120 ~ 125g/L through hplc determination biomass, namely contain 120 ~ 125g lysogenic phage in often liter of fermented liquid.
Medium preparation method is: the raw material taking following weight part respectively: glucose 20, beef peptone 5, yeast powder 5, potassium primary phosphate 2, dipotassium hydrogen phosphate 2, calcium chloride 1, magnesium sulfate 1 and pure water 64, put into the retort after sterilizing successively and start agitator stirring 10min, the substratum of preparation cumulative volume 1600L.
Need to do aseptically process before retort charging, still carry out real tank sterilizing after charging, after cooling, then move into seed liquor; Concrete grammar is: first clean up with water, carries out slack tank sterilizing, with the Low pressure steam boiling 20min of 150 DEG C, be cooled to 37 DEG C, then previously prepared substratum loaded in retort, carry out real tank sterilizing, 115 DEG C of sterilizing 15min, then in reactor jacket, water flowing is cooled to 37 DEG C;
Lysogenic phage inoculum size is 3% of substratum quality;
(2) preparation of high tower mist projection granulating is containing the urea of lysogenic phage
The liquid urea that urea synthesis post is produced and urine, the high pressure swirl injector at the prilling tower top being arranged on 120 meters high is pumped to the high-pressure smelting that pumping capacity is 650L/min, injector spray tip is passed through under 4.0MPa, spray for fine mist, add the ratio of 20L in urine per ton with high-pressure metering pump simultaneously, lysogenic phage fermented liquid step (1) obtained is the swirl injector that 16L/min squeezes into carbamide granulation top of tower by pumping capacity, and lysogenic phage fermented liquid sprays for fine mist; Droplet Homogeneous phase mixing in descent of above-mentioned two kinds of fine mists, progressively assemble and form particle, lysogenic phage fermented liquid is comprised in urea granules, slow decline and up keen draft counter current contact, transpiring moisture, reduce temperature, obtain the present embodiment containing the antiviral urea of lysogenic phage.
What the present embodiment was obtained contains the antiviral urea of lysogenic phage, appearance milky white, and composition is: lysogenic phage 0.35wt%, urea 99.5wt%; Urea nitrogen content 46wt%, containing MDU 0.4wt%(in HCHO), biuret-containing 0.5wt%.
In order to better illustrate that the present invention contains the urea of lysogenic phage, the beneficial effects such as the bacteriostatic and disease prevention in crop growth, anti-continuous cropping, what embodiment 1 prepared is applied to the proportion of crop plantings such as corn, wheat, cotton, pachyrhizus, peanut containing the antiviral urea of lysogenic phage.
Gather the soil sample of long-term continuous cropping plantation wheat, corn in Sha Hezhan Zhen Wangquan village of Dongping County of Shandong Province, apply urea and common urea that the embodiment of the present invention 1 contains lysogenic phage respectively, its soil testing the results are shown in Table 1:
Table 1 soil testing result
Gather long-term maize planting, wheat, cotton, pachyrhizus, five kinds of soil samples of peanut, be divided into two groups, one group applies the urea of embodiment 1 containing lysogenic phage, another group applies common urea, be positioned over sunlight, under ventilation condition, through 60h, put respectively and observe under an optical microscope, apply in the urea soil-like containing lysogenic phage, can effectively kill knee Pseudomonas, powder scab Pseudomonas, Peronospora, dish stalk Pseudomonas, powder bacterium in Basidiomycotina and rest fungus, use in rear soil and almost do not observe bacterium live body, for applying about 25% of the bacterium live body observed in the soil sample of common urea.
The field experiment 2 years of long-term continuous cropping plantation wheat, corn in 400,000 mu, Peng market town, Dongping County of Shandong Province, use the urea of the embodiment of the present invention 1 containing lysogenic phage, completely eliminate wheat rust fringe disease and corn ash block disease, 100,000 mu of pachyrhizus continuous cropping plantation field experiment 2 years in llama town, Dongping County, completely eliminates pachyrhizus and to wither rot.Wherein, to have carried out field test particular case containing the urea of lysogenic phage to winter wheat as follows in the present invention:
1, test plot and basic condition: wheat breed is good star 99, wheatland 2 mu, medium fertility, uniformity, winter wheat and corn crop rotation, plant 20 years continuously.
2, experiment grouping and Term Fertilization mode:
Wheatland is divided into 2 communities, and plot area is 1 mu.
Experimental group: field is used and made base manure, uses the urea containing lysogenic phage that embodiment 1 is obtained.
Control group: control group uses common urea, nitrogen content is close to the urea of the present invention containing lysogenic phage.
Term Fertilization mode: per season amount of application 60kg/ mu, row replacement, adds soil and covers, degree of depth 8cm.
3, interpretation of result
Use to factor impact effects such as wheat yields after experimental group and control group urea, contrast with output when not using base fertilizer and disease and pest preventive effect, the results are shown in Table 2.
Table 2 experimental group and control group Fertilizer application effect comparison
From table 2, the present invention contains the urea of lysogenic phage compared with common urea, under the working conditions of identical nitrogen content, experimental group volume increase reaches 8.3%, the disease rates such as the wheat powdery mildew of experimental group, rust fringe are sick obviously lower, and are all better than control group, anti-continuous cropping Be very effective.Use the present invention containing wheat good luster, the strong resistance of the urea of lysogenic phage, fast growth, the full seed after maturation, obviously, output is high, and disease and pest also greatly reduces in single fringe weightening finish.
Urea containing lysogenic phage prepared by the present invention is equally applicable to greengrocery:
Prepared by embodiment 1 applies in the plantation of fresh kidney beans, capsicum containing the urea of lysogenic phage, fertilizer amount: 40 ~ 50kg/ mu, using method: trench digging row replacement or spread manuer in holes before plantation, earthing after fertilising trickle.Compare with commercially available common urea, use fresh kidney beans seedling strain of the present invention healthy, stem stalk is sturdy, and blade is plump, and without being fading phenomenon, surviving rate improves 35%, and common urea exists bad root phenomenon and comparatively serious, and Pesticide use amount decreases 55%.After capsicum is used, surviving rate improves 25%, and seedling strain is healthy, and branches and leaves are luxuriant, and Pesticide use amount decreases more than 60%.Fresh kidney beans, pepper planting use this fertilizer, and cost reduces 25 ~ 35%, and soil is without caking phenomenon, the generation of effectively preventing root rot etc.
Urea containing lysogenic phage prepared by the present embodiment 1 is applied in the plantation of tomato, cucumber, fertilizer amount: 20 ~ 25kg/ mu, using method: bar of ditching before blooming topdresses, and earthing after fertilising, avoids same crop root to contact.Compare with commercially available common urea, use tomato seedling strain of the present invention healthy, stem stalk is sturdy, and fruit-setting rate improves 30%, and fruit mouthfeel is good, and sugariness improves about 2 degree, and color is vivid, and fruit shape is straight, and commodity is good.It is healthy that cucumber uses rear seedling strain, and branches and leaves are luxuriant, and Pesticide use amount decreases more than 60%.Tomato, green cucumber use this fertilizer, and cost reduces 25 ~ 35%, and soil is without caking phenomenon, the generation of effectively preventing root rot, graw mold of tomato, cucumber downy mildew, and the subterranean pest-insects such as cutworm, mole cricket, hairworm obviously reduce.
Urea containing lysogenic phage prepared by the present invention also can be used for the planting fruit trees such as apple, pears:
Before fruit tree blooms, carried out the applying of fertilizer, fertilizer amount: 4kg ~ 5kg/, applied once, about 2 kg in early April, mid-May, fruit tree Post flowering applied once, about 2 kg ~ 3kg; Need after fertilising to bury with soil, avoid same crop root to contact.
Compare with commercially available common urea, after apple tree uses the present invention to contain the urea of lysogenic phage, apple branches and leaves health is full, and the fruit-setting rate of fruit tree improves 28%, the use cost of fertilizer unit's area reduces 25%, and the usage quantity of agricultural chemicals decreases about more than 50%.Pear tree uses the present invention containing after the urea of lysogenic phage, and the input cost of unit surface reduces 33%, and the fountain height of agricultural chemicals reduces more than 50%, unit surface volume increase about 30%; The fruit sweetness of apple tree and pear tree improves and bright.
Urea containing lysogenic phage of the present invention, the means of applied biology gather lysogenic phage from animal excrements, reject other miscellaneous bacterias, filter out lysogenic phage list bacterium colony, lysogenic phage is included in urea granules, keep steady state, when urea imposes in soil, dissolved by moisture, lysogenic phage is in suitable temperature, under the conditions such as humidity nutrition, rapid appreciation discharges the harmful virus bacterium accumulated in a large amount of progeny phage infection washed off soil and causes its death, reach antiviral object, also can infect the urase in soil simultaneously, nitrifying ferment, aminase, slow down the decomposition of urea, reduce NH
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2volatilization, extend fertilizer efficiency, reach the effect of volume increase.Through field comparison test, achieve obvious effect, can edatope be improved, improve crop yield, promote root system development, make stem stalk sturdy, blade is plump, anti-continuous cropping Be very effective, strengthens crop anti-adversity, suitability is wide, improve crop quality, fruit and vegetable food mouthfeel is good, and color is vivid, fruit shape is straight, and commodity is good.