CN104763746A - Variable-gap supporting structure for low-temperature superconducting flywheel - Google Patents
Variable-gap supporting structure for low-temperature superconducting flywheel Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The present invention relates to the field of a dual-purpose superconducting flywheel for energy storage and navigation, and in particular relates to a variable-gap supporting structure for a low-temperature superconducting flywheel. The variable-gap supporting structure is characterized by mainly comprising an upper-pole tile, an upper-side tile, an lower-side tile, a lower-pole tile, a rotor, an upper suspension coil, an upper-side suspension coil, an lower-side suspension coil, a lower suspended coil; the upper-pole tile, the upper-side tile, the lower-side tile, and the lower-pole tile are all made from low-temperature superconducting rods and are assembled to form a near-spherical cavity, the width of a clearance between a cavity and the rotor changes along with the change of the polar angle, the sectional area of each of the clearances at the different polar angles is equal along the direction vertical to the corresponding polar angle, so that the distributions of magnetic fields in the clearances along the polar angles and azimuth direction are equal. According to the variable-gap supporting structure, by setting the width of the clearance between the spherical rotor and the inner surface of the cavity along with the change of the polar angles, the magnetic field of the surface of the rotor is distributed uniformly along the polar direction. The acceleration ability and the anti-disturbance ability of the low temperature superconducting flywheel are improved, resistance moment of the superconducting rotor is reduced, and the sensing accuracy and the energy conversion efficiency are improved.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to energy storage and dual-purpose superconduction flywheel field of navigating, especially a kind of low-temperature superconducting flywheel Varied clearance supporting structure.
Background technique
Have energy storage and the dual-purpose superconduction flywheel of navigation, its basic principle utilizes rotor high-speed to rotate stored energy, and the rotor of High Rotation Speed has gyroscopic inertia and realizes navigation feature simultaneously.Based on the Meissner effect of cryogenic superconductor, in the supporting system of low-temperature superconducting flywheel, superconducting rotor and cavity all have desirable diamagnetism.In low-temperature superconducting flywheel, the magnetic direction on spherical superconducting rotor surface is always parallel with surface, produces and points to the suspending power of the centre of sphere, make rotor can stable suspersion in cavity, and the resisting moment in magnetic field when rotated can be ignored.The supporting structure of low-temperature superconducting flywheel comprises field coil and magnetic field shaping parts, and the structural type of these component will directly determine the Magnetic field distribution of rotor surface, also determines rotor suspension, the stability of rotation and reliability.Chinese patent CN200510027930.7 describes the microthrust test structure of high temperature superconductor suspension bearing permanent magnet rotor, rotor can realize stable suspersion in the structure shown here, but high temperature superconductor flux pinning effect inherently, create resisting moment and disturbance torque, if use as energy storage and navigation, the conversion efficiency of energy and the precision of navigation will be affected.In paper [the bearing characteristics analysis of Superconducting Gyroscope rotor in spherical cavity, play arrow and guidance journal, 2004,24 (4): 136-151] spherical cavity is devised in as supporting structure, the radius ratio rotor radius of spherical cavity is bigger, and the magnetic field in cavity and rotor clearance produces the suspending power of rotor.This supporting structure can realize the stable suspersion of rotor, but the Magnetic field distribution of rotor surface is uneven in the structure shown here.When rotor suspension is in central position, along with first the magnetic field of the increase rotor surface of field current always reach lower critical magnetic field B at some position
c1, and the magnetic field on other most of area is all less than B
c1, the nonuniformity of this magnetic field value can not make full use of the higher B of superconducting material
c1, have impact on suspending power and the support stiffness of rotor.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is for the deficiencies in the prior art, the perfect diamganetism of based superconductor and magnetic flux conservation law have devised low-temperature superconducting flywheel Varied clearance supporting structure, solve the problem that disturbance torque is large, support stiffness is little of prior art superconducting magnetic suspension system.
Varied clearance supporting structure working principle of the present invention is the perfect diamganetism based on cryogenic superconductor, always rotor surface is strictly parallel at the magnetic direction of low-temperature superconducting rotor surface, magnetic pressure always points to the centre of sphere of spherical spinner, substantially horizontal makes a concerted effort to be zero, equals vertical direction with joint efforts the gravity of rotor.When superconducting rotor departs from central position, the regional magnetic field that width of air gap diminishes will increase, and the magnetic pressure in this region also can increase simultaneously, make superconducting rotor be stabilized in central position, and this is maglev autostability.By magnetic flux conservation law known in gap different cross section magnetic flux equal, setting gap in magnetic field be radially uniformly distributed, then in gap different polar angle place magnetic field meet:
Wherein, i and i+1 represents the position of different polar angle, B
iand B
i+1be respectively i and i+1 polar angle place magnetic induction intensity, S
iand S
i+1be respectively i and i+1 polar angle place section area, in order to make the magnetic field in gap also be uniformly distributed along polar angle direction, require that the section area at different polar angle place is equal, calculating the gap width at different polar angle place accordingly.
Varied clearance supporting structure of the present invention is about pole axis Rotational Symmetry, therefore gap internal magnetic field is also about pole axis Rotational Symmetry, namely equal along azimythal angle.The innovative point of Varied clearance supporting structure of the present invention is that gap width is along the change of polar angle direction, and equal perpendicular to the section area in polar angle direction to ensure on the edge in gap, different polar angle place, the magnetic field in gap is constant along polar angle direction.
Based on above-mentioned innovative principle, technical solution of the present invention is as follows:
A kind of low-temperature superconducting flywheel Varied clearance supporting structure, is characterized in that: mainly comprise pole watt, upside watt, downside watt, lower pole watt, rotor, upper suspended coil, upside suspended coil, downside suspended coil, low suspension coil; Upper pole watt, upside watt, downside watt, lower pole watt are all be processed into by low-temperature superconducting bar, an almost spherical cavity is formed after assembling, the gap width of cavity and rotor changes with polar angle, equal perpendicular to the section area in polar angle direction on the edge in gap, different polar angle place, make gap internal magnetic field all equal along the distribution of polar angle and azimuth direction.
Upper pole of the present invention watt, upside watt, downside watt, lower pole watt are all about the rotational symmetric ring structure of pole axis.In order to make magnetic field can through the center hole of superconductor, upper pole watt, upside watt, downside watt, lower pole watt-minute be divided into quadrant ring, and then be bonded as ring structure by electric insulating cement; The radius forming approximate spherical cavity internal surface after assembling is increased to the two poles of the earth gradually by the rotor equatorial plane, the gap width of cavity and rotor is increased to the two poles of the earth gradually by the rotor equatorial plane, described upper pole watt and lower pole are watt symmetrical about the rotor equatorial plane, and upside watt and downside are watt also symmetrical about the rotor equatorial plane.The almost spherical cavity that upper pole watt, upside watt, downside watt, lower pole watt are assembled into optimizes the Magnetic field distribution on superconducting rotor surface, make the Magnetic field distribution of rotor surface comparatively strong and even, the magnetic field of rotor surface equals the magnetic field between rotor and cavity in air gap, produces larger suspending power and suspension stiffness during identical field current.
Upper suspended coil of the present invention is installed on the upper-end surface of pole watt, exciting curent is flow to clockwise, the magnetic flux line major part that upper suspended coil produces all is passed pole watt and is formed closed loop, and the magnetic field in watt corresponding gap, upper pole produces suspending power, is useful flux; Also have part magnetic flux line not through upper pole watt, not producing suspending power to rotor, is invalid magnetic flux.Low suspension coil is installed on the lower end surface of lower pole watt, and exciting curent is flow to counterclockwise.The structure of low suspension coil and magnetic field are all symmetrical about the rotor equatorial plane with upper suspended coil.
Upside of the present invention suspended coil is circular, be enclosed within upside watt outside.The magnetic flux line that upside suspended coil produces partially passes through upside watt and forms closed loop, and the magnetic field in watt corresponding gap, upside produces suspending power.The structure of downside suspended coil and magnetic field are all symmetrical about the rotor equatorial plane with upside suspended coil.
There is not coupling in the magnetic field that above-mentioned upper suspended coil, low suspension coil, upside suspended coil, downside suspended coil produce separately, the large I of respective exciting curent and the magnetic field of generation independently sets.
Rotor of the present invention is processed by cryogenic superconductor, hollow-core construction spherical in shape, and inside is provided with drive motor, and the winding of drive motor is by low-temperature superconducting wire-wound system.After upper suspended coil, low suspension coil, upside suspended coil, downside suspended coil respectively load field current as requested, rotor can stable suspersion in chamber central position.Now, on drive motor, electric-driven rotor accelerates to rotate, until reach preset rotation speed value, completes kinetic energy storage, utilizes the gyroscopic inertia of the rotor of High Rotation Speed simultaneously, can measure attitude and the position of motion carrier, realize the effect of energy storage and navigation.
The present invention is changed with polar angle by the gap width of setting spherical spinner and cavity inner surface, the magnetic field of rotor surface is uniformly distributed along polar angle direction, improve the accelerating ability of low-temperature superconducting flywheel, Ability of Resisting Disturbance, reduce the resisting moment of superconducting rotor, improve sensing precision and the energy conversion efficiency of low-temperature superconducting fly wheel system.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is Varied clearance supporting structure sectional drawing of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is the sectional drawing of upside suspended coil;
The plotted curve that Fig. 3 is upper pole watt, the gap width in watt corresponding gap, upside changes with polar angle;
Fig. 4 is upper pole watt, the upside watt plotted curve that corresponding gap intrinsic inductance changes with polar angle;
Fig. 5 is the plotted curve that supporting structure intermediate gap, even gap intrinsic inductance changes with polar angle.
Embodiment
Further illustrate flesh and blood of the present invention below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, but content of the present invention is not limited to this.
As shown in Figure 1, Varied clearance supporting structure of the present invention mainly comprises: upper pole watt 1, upside watts 2, downside watts 3, lower pole watts 4, rotor 5, upper suspended coil 6, upside suspended coil 7, downside suspended coil 8, low suspension coil 9.
Varied clearance supporting structure of the present invention is axisymmetric rotational structure, upper pole watt 1, upside watts 2, downside watts 3, lower pole watts 4 are all be processed into by low-temperature superconducting bar, an almost spherical cavity is formed after assembling, the gap width of cavity and rotor 5 changes with polar angle, to ensure that magnetic field in gap is all equally distributed along azimythal angle and polar angle direction, equal perpendicular to the section area in polar angle direction on the edge in gap, different polar angle place, make gap internal magnetic field all equal along the distribution of polar angle and azimuth direction, larger suspending power and support stiffness can be produced like this.There is not coupling in the magnetic field that upper suspended coil 6, upside suspended coil 7, downside suspended coil 8, low suspension coil 9 produce separately, the large I of respective exciting curent and the magnetic field of generation independently sets.
Rotor 5 shown in Fig. 1 is processed into by cryogenic superconductor, hollow-core construction spherical in shape, and inside is provided with drive motor, and the winding of drive motor is by low-temperature superconducting wire-wound system.When Varied clearance supporting structure is assembled, first assembling downside watts 3 and lower pole watts 4, again rotor 5 is positioned in cavity, assembling upside watts 2 and upper pole watt 1 more afterwards, install suspended coil 6, upside suspended coil 7, downside suspended coil 8, low suspension coil 9 subsequently, when rotor 5 is started working, first give low suspension coil electricity and raise current value gradually, such as increase current value with the speed of 0.1A/s, rotor 5 is slowly floated; When rotor suspension is to chamber central position, by low suspension coil 9 and upper suspended coil 6 loading current simultaneously, and ensure that rotor is positioned at the central position in ball chamber all the time.The electric current of low suspension coil 9 and upper suspended coil 6 just keeps constant when being increased to the maximum value of setting.Now, start to upside suspended coil 7 and downside suspended coil 8 loading current simultaneously, until keep constant after being increased to the maximum value of setting.Such superconducting rotor reaches maximum support stiffness and stability.Now, drive motor leads to electric-driven rotor to accelerate to rotate, until reach preset rotation speed value, completes kinetic energy storage, utilizes the gyroscopic inertia of the rotor of High Rotation Speed simultaneously, can measure attitude and the position of motion carrier, realize the effect of energy storage and navigation.
Upper pole shown in Fig. 1 watt 1 is shaped by finish turning, abrasive machining by highly purified low-temperature superconducting bar, is about the rotational symmetric ring structure of pole axis.Be after the ring structure of requirement by bar finish turning, more vertically a upper pole watt decile for ring-type be cut into four 1/4th rings, then with low temp. electric sealing compound, 1/4th rings after cutting are bonded as entirety, recover the ring-type before cutting.The bucking current watt 1 annulus circle circulation along upper pole excited in order to avoid external magnetic field by electric insulating cement bonding, if the bucking current that there is circle circulation will suppress magnetic field to pass the center hole of pole watt 1.Polishing to be carried out to the internal surface of upper pole watt 1 after bonding, remove burr.Upside watts 2, downside watts 3, lower pole watts 4 are all adopt the materials and process identical with upper pole watt 1 to process.
Upper suspended coil 6 is formed by the coiling on epoxy skeleton of low-temperature superconducting line shown in Fig. 1, and in round pie, the aperture of the aperture of coil and upper pole watt 1 is consistent.Upper suspended coil 6 is installed on the upper-end surface of pole watt 1, and exciting curent is flow to clockwise, and exciting curent value need be worked in coordination with low suspension coil, ensures that total suspending power balances at the component of vertical direction and rotor gravity.The size of the number of turn of upper suspended coil 6 and field current sets according to the weight of rotor and required support stiffness.The performance parameter of low suspension coil 9 is identical with upper suspended coil 6, and mounting point and upper suspended coil 6 are about rotor equatorial plane symmetry, and field current is flow to counterclockwise.
Figure 2 shows that upside suspended coil 7 is along sectional view perpendicular to axial direction, upside suspended coil 7 is made up of four circular coils 12, four circular coils 12 are all formed by the coiling on epoxy skeleton of low-temperature superconducting line, the field current of structure, parameter and loading is identical, circumferentially arrange, be enclosed within upside watt outside.Exciting curent is flow to counterclockwise, and the number of turn of coil and the size of field current set according to required support stiffness.The structure and parameter of downside suspended coil 8 is identical with upside suspended coil 7, and the field current loaded is identical with upside suspended coil 7 size, but direction is flow to clockwise, and institute mounting point and upside suspended coil 7 are about rotor equatorial plane symmetry.
Curve shown in Fig. 3 describes the relief width angle value in different polar angle position, and abscissa is polar angle value corresponding to gap, and y coordinate is the width in gap, and curve 10 represents the change width in upper watt 1 corresponding gap, pole, and curve 11 represents the width value in watt corresponding gap, upside.Due to the perfect diamganetism of cryogenic superconductor, in upper pole watt 1 from the magnetic flux conservation at different polar angle place in the gap of rotor 5; In like manner, the magnetic flux conservation at upside watts 2 and different polar angle place in the gap of rotor 5.In order to the magnetic field value realized in gap, different polar angle place is identical, only need to ask the section area in gap, different polar angle place equal.All can be equivalent to the lateral area of a round platform at the cross section in gap, any polar angle place, the gap width at the different polar angle places meeting the equal requirement of section area can be calculated according to geometrical relationship, specifically as graphically shown in fig. 3.Gap width at different polar angle place of downside watts 3, watt 4 corresponding gaps, lower pole and upside watts 2, on pole watt 1 symmetrical about the rotor equatorial plane respectively.Gap width is the radius of corresponding polar angle place cavity with spherical spinner radius sum.
Curve shown in Fig. 4 is the Magnetic field distribution in Varied clearance supporting structure of the present invention in upper pole watt 1 and watt 2 corresponding gaps, upside, and the polar angle scope wherein going up watt 1 corresponding gap, pole is 31 ° ~ 58 °, and the polar angle scope in watt 2 corresponding gaps, upside is 69 ° ~ 84 °.Always be uniformly distributed with the magnetic field in cavity gap at Varied clearance supporting structure rotor 5 of the present invention, i.e. the uniformity of gap internal magnetic field distribution is the structural feature of Varied clearance supporting structure of the present invention, and has nothing to do with exciting curent size.The size of current changed in each field coil can change the size of gap internal magnetic field value.By adjusting the exciting curent value in upper suspended coil 6 and upside suspended coil 7, the magnetic field value that can realize in pole watt 1 and watt 2 corresponding gaps, upside is equal, is all set maximum value, as shown on the graph in fig. 4.In like manner, the magnetic field value that can realize in downside watts 3, watt 4 corresponding gaps, lower pole is all maximum value.Field homogeneity in all gaps, and when being all maximum value, the support stiffness of rotor 5 reaches maximum value.
In order to contrast with the magnetic field in Varied clearance supporting structure of the present invention, Fig. 5 gives the magnetic field profile in the gap of even gap supporting structure.Gap width in even gap supporting structure used in Fig. 5 between cavity and rotor is the constant of 0.5mm, and structural parameter are in addition identical with Varied clearance supporting structure of the present invention.From Fig. 5 curve, the gap internal magnetic field non-uniform Distribution of even gap supporting structure, 69 ° of angles place magnetic field value of the 31 ° of angles place always in upper pole watt and upside watt is larger, first the maximum value of permission is reached, and other regional magnetic field value is less, therefore the maximal support rigidity that can produce is less than Varied clearance supporting structure of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. a low-temperature superconducting flywheel Varied clearance supporting structure, is characterized in that: mainly comprise pole watt, upside watt, downside watt, lower pole watt, rotor, upper suspended coil, upside suspended coil, downside suspended coil, low suspension coil; Upper pole watt, upside watt, downside watt, lower pole watt are all be processed into by low-temperature superconducting bar, an almost spherical cavity is formed after assembling, the gap width of cavity and rotor changes with polar angle, equal perpendicular to the section area in polar angle direction on the edge in gap, different polar angle place, make gap internal magnetic field all equal along the distribution of polar angle and azimuth direction.
2. low-temperature superconducting flywheel Varied clearance supporting structure according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: the magnetic field that upper suspended coil, upside suspended coil, downside suspended coil, low suspension coil produce separately does not exist coupling, and the large I of respective exciting curent and the magnetic field of generation independently sets.
3. low-temperature superconducting flywheel Varied clearance supporting structure according to claim 2, it is characterized in that: upper suspended coil is installed on the upper-end surface of pole watt, exciting curent is flow to clockwise, and the magnetic flux line major part that upper suspended coil produces all is passed pole watt and formed closed loop; Low suspension coil is installed on the lower end surface of lower pole watt, and exciting curent is flow to counterclockwise, and the structure of low suspension coil and magnetic field are all symmetrical about the rotor equatorial plane with upper suspended coil.
4. low-temperature superconducting flywheel Varied clearance supporting structure according to claim 2, it is characterized in that: upside suspended coil is circular, be enclosed within upside watt outside, the magnetic flux line that upside suspended coil produces partially passes through upside watt and forms closed loop, and the magnetic field in watt corresponding gap, upside produces suspending power; The structure of downside suspended coil and magnetic field are all symmetrical about the rotor equatorial plane with upside suspended coil.
5. low-temperature superconducting flywheel Varied clearance supporting structure according to claim 1 and 2, is characterized in that: upper pole watt, upside watt, downside watt, lower pole watt are all about the rotational symmetric ring structure of pole axis.
6. low-temperature superconducting flywheel Varied clearance supporting structure according to claim 5, is characterized in that: upper pole watt, upside watt, downside watt, lower pole watt-minute are not divided into quadrant ring, and then are bonded as ring structure by electric insulating cement; The radius forming approximate spherical cavity internal surface after assembling is increased to the two poles of the earth gradually by the rotor equatorial plane, and the gap width of cavity and rotor is increased to the two poles of the earth gradually by the rotor equatorial plane.
7. low-temperature superconducting flywheel Varied clearance supporting structure according to claim 5, is characterized in that: described upper pole watt and lower pole are watt symmetrical about the rotor equatorial plane, and upside watt and downside are watt also symmetrical about the rotor equatorial plane.
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Cited By (2)
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| CN110595454A (en) * | 2019-09-24 | 2019-12-20 | 上海交通大学 | High-temperature superconducting magnetic flux pinning effect magnetically-driven micro gyroscope |
| CN110608735A (en) * | 2019-09-24 | 2019-12-24 | 上海交通大学 | High-temperature superconducting magnetic flux pinning effect electrostatic driving micro-rotation gyroscope |
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