CN105134159A - High-efficiency acid fracturing method suitable for fracture-cavity carbonate reservoirs - Google Patents
High-efficiency acid fracturing method suitable for fracture-cavity carbonate reservoirs Download PDFInfo
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- CN105134159A CN105134159A CN201510381559.8A CN201510381559A CN105134159A CN 105134159 A CN105134159 A CN 105134159A CN 201510381559 A CN201510381559 A CN 201510381559A CN 105134159 A CN105134159 A CN 105134159A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a high-efficiency acid fracturing method suitable for fracture-cavity carbonate reservoirs. The high-efficiency acid fracturing method comprises the following sequential steps of S1. calculating the amount of an acid solution (Vsum), S2. designing a solution for acid fracturing, S3. designing a pump injection process, and S4. designing a residual acid flow back process. The fracture-cavity carbonate reservoirs include a fracture reservoir, a cavity reservoir and a fracture-cavity reservoir. The amounts of an acid solution corresponding to different kinds of fracture-cavity carbonate reservoirs can be calculated by the method, on the premise of an acid fracturing effect, a high density acid solution is injected through a pump, then a non reaction solution is injected through the pump, a method capable of injecting four stepped displacements at equal time intervals through a pump is adopted to raise the utilization efficiency of an acid solution, and residual acid in reservoirs can flow back to the ground as much as possible. The high-efficiency acid fracturing method suitable for fracture-cavity carbonate reservoirs is reliable in principle and simple in design, can effectively reduce the amount of an acid solution, raise the diversion capacity of a far end fracture, so as to effectively reduce the acid fracturing cost of a fracture-cavity carbonate reservoir, raise the yield increase effect of acid fracturing, so the high-efficiency acid fracturing method has a good market prospect.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of efficient acid fracturing method being applicable to fracture-cavity type carbonate reservoir, belong to oil-gas field development field.
Technical background
For the acid fracturing of conventional oil reservoir, generally all compare the flow conductivity paying attention to man-made fracture sealing place, because the whole piece acid fracturing crack of conventional oil reservoir all has fluid to enter, the flow at sealing place is maximum.If the too low meeting of the flow conductivity at sealing place directly limits acid fracturing well capacity, so conventional oil reservoir generally all can improve the flow conductivity at sealing place as far as possible.The actual conditions of fracture-pore reservoir acid fracturing wells are then far from each other, for system in Tahe Oilfield, the matrix of system in Tahe Oilfield is fine and close, and supply capability is substantially negligible, single well capacity is supplied by Fracture System primarily of solution cavity, so the total flow change in acid fracturing crack is little.But because the acid strength at sealing place is high, reaction speed fast, the concentration gradient of edge seam length direction is large, therefore flow conductivity is worked as fast along the decling phase of seam length direction.
Crack far-end flow conductivity after field data and theory analysis all show fractured-vuggy reservoir acid fracturing determines acid fracturing effect of increasing production.Unfortunately the efficient acid fracturing design method based on the fracture-cavity type carbonate reservoir improving crack far-end flow conductivity is not yet had at present.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of efficient acid fracturing method being applicable to fracture-cavity type carbonate reservoir, the method principle is reliable, simplicity of design, the flow conductivity that effectively can reduce acid solution consumption, improve the utilization ratio of acid solution, improve crack far-end, thus effectively reduce the acid fracturing cost of fracture-cavity type carbonate reservoir, promote the effect of increasing production of acid fracturing, there are good market prospects.
For reaching above technical purpose, the invention provides following technical scheme.
Be applicable to an efficient acid fracturing method for fracture-cavity type carbonate reservoir, comprise the following steps successively:
(1) acid solution consumption V is calculated
sum;
(2) acid fracturing liquid is designed;
(3) infusion program is designed;
(4) design residual acid and return row.
Described step (1) calculates acid solution consumption V
sum, concrete grammar is as follows:
According to crack in reservoir and solution cavity proportion size, fracture-cavity type carbonate reservoir can be divided into three types: crack elimination, Caves reservoir, fractured-porous reservoir type reservoir.In actual developing of reservoirs, can analyze according to this block earthquake and drilling in early stage data the type judging its reservoir, for dissimilar fracture-cavity type carbonate reservoir, calculate its acid solution consumption.
Crack elimination:
Principal element crack elimination being affected to acid solution consumption has: the long L of acid fracturing man-made fracture, wide W, high H, crossing intrinsic fracture number n, the distance S of each intrinsic fracture and pit shaft
11, S
12, S
1n, the length L of each intrinsic fracture
1, W
1, H
1, L
2, W
2, H
2, L
n, W
n, H
n, the inclination angle theta of each intrinsic fracture
1, θ
2, θ
n, the angle of acid fracturing man-made fracture and each intrinsic fracture
,
the acid solution Dosage calculation formula of crack elimination is:
In formula: the length of L, W, H-acid fracturing man-made fracture,
L
i, W
i, H
iarticle-the i-th, the length of intrinsic fracture,
N-intrinsic fracture number,
The influence coefficient of k-acid fracturing man-made fracture,
K
1iarticle-the i-th, the influence coefficient of intrinsic fracture;
S
1iarticle-the i-th, the distance of intrinsic fracture and pit shaft,
the angle of-acid fracturing man-made fracture and i-th intrinsic fracture,
θ
iarticle-the i-th, the inclination angle of intrinsic fracture,
Fluid efficiency in the EFF1-crack elimination ratio of acid solution injection rate (crevice volume with), is determined by the statistics of this block, usual value 20% ~ 60%,
factor can not be resisted in-crack elimination to reserve acid solution volume, value 30m
3.
Caves reservoir:
Principal element Caves reservoir being affected to acid solution consumption has: the long L of acid fracturing man-made fracture, wide W, high H, the number m of solution cavity, the distance S of each solution cavity distance pit shaft
21, S
22, S
2m, the radius R of each solution cavity
1, R
2, R
m, the degree that each solution cavity is filled is respectively D
1, D
2, D
m(percentage).The acid solution Dosage calculation formula of Caves reservoir is:
In formula: the number of m-solution cavity,
S
2jthe distance an of-jth solution cavity distance pit shaft,
R
jthe radius an of-jth solution cavity,
D
jthe degree a that-jth solution cavity is filled,
K
2jthe influence coefficient an of-jth solution cavity,
Fluid efficiency in EFF2-Caves reservoir, is determined by the statistics of this block, usual value 20% ~ 60%,
factor can not be resisted in-Caves reservoir to reserve acid solution volume, value 50m
3.
Crack-Caves reservoir:
Simultaneously containing a large amount of cracks and solution cavity in crack-Caves reservoir, the principal element affecting acid solution consumption has: the long L of acid fracturing man-made fracture, wide W, high H, crossing intrinsic fracture number n, the distance S of each intrinsic fracture and pit shaft
11, S
12, S
1n, the length L of each intrinsic fracture
1, W
1, H
1, L
2, W
2, H
2, L
n, W
n, H
n, the inclination angle theta of each intrinsic fracture
1, θ
2, θ
n, the angle of acid fracturing man-made fracture and each intrinsic fracture
,
the number m of solution cavity, the distance S of each solution cavity distance pit shaft
21, S
22, S
2m, the radius R of each solution cavity
1, R
2, R
m, the degree that each solution cavity is filled is respectively D
1, D
2, D
m(percentage).The acid solution Dosage calculation formula of crack-Caves reservoir is:
In formula: the fluid efficiency in EFF3-crack-Caves reservoir, the statistics according to this block is determined, usual value 20% ~ 60%,
factor can not be resisted to reserve acid solution volume, value 70m in-crack-Caves reservoir
3.
Described step (2) design acid fracturing liquid comprises: under the prerequisite ensureing acid fracturing effect, for reducing acid solution consumption, reduce acid fracturing cost, adopt the combination of acid solution and non-reaction liquid, concrete acid fracturing working design is: adopt preposition high concentration acid solution slug, after chase after the method injecting non-reaction liquid slug, that is: first infusion high concentration acid solution, the then non-reaction liquid of infusion.
Wherein high concentration acid solution consumption V
awith non-reaction liquid consumption V
nsummation equal the acid solution total amount V that step (1) calculates
sum, that is:
V
a+V
n＝V
sum(4)
Wherein high concentrated acid consumption V
afor V
sum40% ~ 80%; Non-reaction liquid consumption V
nfor V
sum20% ~ 60%.
Described high concentrated acid is the high concentrated acid that can apply to acid fracturing, this high concentrated acid is the common hydrochloric acid that concentration is not less than 20 quality %, content of hydrochloric acid is not less than the gel acid of 18 quality %, content of hydrochloric acid is not less than the emulsified acid of 15 quality %, fluohydric acid content is not less than the emulsified acid of 5 quality %, or mud acid content is not less than the emulsified acid of 15 quality %.
Described non-reaction liquid is that the liquid that hydrochlorate reacts does not occur with stratum, comprises conventional aqueous fracturing fluid, conventional oil base fracturing fluid or formation water.
Described step (3) design infusion program comprises: for improving acid solution utilization ratio, increase far-end crack refluence ability, the infusion method of discharge capacity falls in the period four-steps such as employing:
First stage: infusion discharge capacity is A, duration T;
Second stage: infusion discharge capacity is 75%A, duration T;
Phase III: infusion discharge capacity is 50%A, duration T;
Fourth stage: infusion discharge capacity is 25%A, duration T.
Wherein the usual value of discharge capacity A is 5 ~ 15m
3/ min, concrete numerical value is the maximum value of site operation ability.
The infusion total amount in 4 stages should equal the summation of actual acid solution consumption and non-reaction liquid consumption, that is:
A·T+0.75A·T+0.5A·T+0.25A·T＝V
a+V
n(5)
Combinatorial formula (4), (5) can calculate the duration T of each stage infusion, and T is asked for by following formula:
Described step (4) designs residual acid and returns row, specifically comprise: after acid fracturing liquid pump note is complete, for ensureing higher flow conductivity, the residual acid simultaneously in consideration reservoir can be returned as far as possible flow back to ground, prevents residual acid from damaging reservoir and reducing the effect of increasing production of acid fracturing.For crack elimination, adopt the mode of the row of returning immediately of termination of pumping after infusion.For Caves reservoir and fractured-porous reservoir type reservoir, according to solution cavity and pit shaft distance D, be divided into the three kinds of row's of returning modes, be specially:
As D≤45m, the row of returning immediately after termination of pumping;
As 45m < D≤65m, termination of pumping closing well 5min ~ 10min, the row of returning subsequently;
As D > 65m, after the acid fracturing liquid designed by the complete step of infusion (2), continue to pump into 10% ~ 20%V
sumthe high concentration acid solution that adopts of step (2), closing well 5min ~ 10min, the subsequently row of returning after termination of pumping.
Compared with prior art, the present invention has following beneficial effect:
The present invention proposes a kind of for seam hole type Carbonate Reservoir, based on the efficient acid fracturing method improving far-end fracture condudtiviy, have that simplicity of design, easy construction, acid solution consumption are low, the feature of obvious effect of increasing production, be conducive to the low cost volume increase exploitation of fracture-cavity type carbonate reservoir.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the impact of construction infusion mode fracture refluence ability.
Fig. 2 is the impact of different acid fracturing liquid fracture refluence ability.
Specific implementation method
The present invention is further illustrated below in conjunction with drawings and Examples.
Embodiment 1
System in Tahe Oilfield X well fractured-vuggy reservoir is developed, and in its construction party script design scheme, acid solution construction total amount is 254m
3, the gel acid of acid solution type to be concentration of hydrochloric acid be 12 quality %, adopts 3m
3the fixed displacement design of/min.Adopt this method to calculate, its acid solution consumption is 200m
3, the preposition 150m of actual employing
3concentration of hydrochloric acid be chase after into 50m after 20 quality % gel acids
3non-reaction aqueous fracturing fluid; Employing maximum pump discharge is 5m
3discharge capacity design falls in/min.Fig. 1 is the impact of different infusion mode fracture flow conductivity.As seen from Figure 1, relative 3m
3the fixed displacement design of/min, adopt after falling discharge capacity design, the far-end flow conductivity in crack is significantly improved, and crack effective length is increased to 83m from 71m.3m simultaneously
3the fixed displacement design of/min, its acid solution utilization ratio is 85.01%, and maximum pump discharge is 5m
3discharge capacity design falls in/min, and its acid solution utilization rate is 88.86%.Acid solution utilization ratio also gets a promotion.Fig. 2 is the impact of different acid fracturing liquid fracture refluence ability.As seen from Figure 2,150m is adopted
3concentration of hydrochloric acid be gel acid and the 50m of 20 quality %
3the water base of the fracturing fluid combination acid fracturing liquid of non-reaction and employing 200m
3concentration of hydrochloric acid is the gel acid of 20 quality %, and both crack far-end refluence abilities are almost identical, shows the method adopting combination acid fracturing liquid, while significantly reducing acid solution consumption, can ensure good acid fracturing effect.To in the actual acid fracturing exploitation of X well fractured-vuggy reservoir, solution cavity and pit shaft distance are 92.4m, the complete 150m of infusion
3concentration of hydrochloric acid be gel acid and the 50m of 20 quality %
3after non-reaction aqueous fracturing fluid, continue infusion 32m
3concentration of hydrochloric acid be the gel acid of 20 quality %, closing well 10min returns row subsequently.Actual is 182m by sour total amount
3, compare construction party design originally, reduce acid solution consumption 72m
3.X well initil output 44.4t/d, in construction rear 250, average product is 42.5t/d.And closing on Y well after adopting conventional method to design and construct, its initil output is 27.3t/d, and after construction, average product is 8.9t/d in 250.Visible the present invention significantly improves the effect of acid fracturing construction, greatly reduces the acid solution consumption of construction simultaneously, decreases construction cost.
Claims (6)
1. be applicable to an efficient acid fracturing method for fracture-cavity type carbonate reservoir, comprise the following steps successively:
(1) acid solution consumption V is calculated
sum;
(2) acid fracturing liquid is designed;
(3) infusion program is designed;
(4) design residual acid and return row.
2. be applicable to the efficient acid fracturing method of fracture-cavity type carbonate reservoir as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, described step (1) calculates acid solution consumption V
sum, concrete grammar is as follows:
The acid solution Dosage calculation formula of crack elimination is:
In formula: the length of L, W, H-acid fracturing man-made fracture,
L
i, W
i, H
iarticle-the i-th, the length of intrinsic fracture,
N-intrinsic fracture number,
The influence coefficient of k-acid fracturing man-made fracture,
K
1iarticle-the i-th, the influence coefficient of intrinsic fracture;
S
1iarticle-the i-th, the distance of intrinsic fracture and pit shaft,
the angle of-acid fracturing man-made fracture and i-th intrinsic fracture,
θ
iarticle-the i-th, the inclination angle of intrinsic fracture,
Fluid efficiency in EFF1-crack elimination,
V
p1factor can not be resisted in-crack elimination to reserve acid solution volume, value 30m
3;
The acid solution Dosage calculation formula of Caves reservoir is:
In formula: the number of m-solution cavity,
S
2jthe distance an of-jth solution cavity distance pit shaft,
R
jthe radius an of-jth solution cavity,
D
jthe degree a that-jth solution cavity is filled,
K
2jthe influence coefficient an of-jth solution cavity,
Fluid efficiency in EFF2-Caves reservoir,
V
p2factor can not be resisted in-Caves reservoir to reserve acid solution volume, value 50m
3;
The acid solution Dosage calculation formula of crack-Caves reservoir is:
In formula: the fluid efficiency in EFF3-crack-Caves reservoir,
V
p3factor can not be resisted to reserve acid solution volume, value 70m in-crack-Caves reservoir
3.
3. be applicable to the efficient acid fracturing method of fracture-cavity type carbonate reservoir as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, described step (2) design acid fracturing liquid comprises: first infusion high concentration acid solution, the then non-reaction liquid of infusion, wherein high concentration acid solution consumption V
awith non-reaction liquid consumption V
nsummation equal acid solution total amount V
sum, high concentrated acid consumption V
afor V
sum40% ~ 80%, non-reaction liquid consumption V
nfor V
sum20% ~ 60%.
4. be applicable to the efficient acid fracturing method of fracture-cavity type carbonate reservoir as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, described step (3) design infusion program is the infusion method that discharge capacity falls in the period four-steps such as employing:
First stage: infusion discharge capacity is A, duration T,
Second stage: infusion discharge capacity is 75%A, duration T,
Phase III: infusion discharge capacity is 50%A, duration T,
Fourth stage: infusion discharge capacity is 25%A, duration T;
Wherein the usual value of discharge capacity A is 5 ~ 15m
3/ min, T are asked for by following formula:
5. be applicable to the efficient acid fracturing method of fracture-cavity type carbonate reservoir as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, described step (4) designs residual acid and returns row, specifically comprises: for crack elimination, adopts the mode of the row of returning immediately of termination of pumping after infusion; For Caves reservoir and fractured-porous reservoir type reservoir, according to solution cavity and pit shaft distance D, be divided into the three kinds of row's of returning modes:
As D≤45m, the row of returning immediately after termination of pumping;
As 45m < D≤65m, termination of pumping closing well 5min ~ 10min, the row of returning subsequently;
As D > 65m, after the acid fracturing liquid designed by the complete step of infusion (2), continue to pump into 10% ~ 20%V
sumhigh concentration acid solution, closing well 5min ~ 10min, the subsequently row of returning after termination of pumping.
6. be applicable to the efficient acid fracturing method of fracture-cavity type carbonate reservoir as claimed in claim 3, it is characterized in that, described high concentrated acid is the common hydrochloric acid that concentration is not less than 20 quality %, content of hydrochloric acid is not less than the gel acid of 18 quality %, content of hydrochloric acid is not less than the emulsified acid of 15 quality %, fluohydric acid content is not less than the emulsified acid of 5 quality %, or mud acid content is not less than the emulsified acid of 15 quality %; Described non-reaction liquid is conventional aqueous fracturing fluid, conventional oil base fracturing fluid or formation water.
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| CN107066769A (en) * | 2017-06-09 | 2017-08-18 | 西南石油大学 | Suitable for the efficient acidifying design method of ultra deep slit formation carbonate reservoir |
| CN108204231A (en) * | 2016-12-20 | 2018-06-26 | 中国石油天然气股份有限公司 | A kind of evaluation method of carbonate reservoir volume acid fracturing flow conductivity |
| CN110397430A (en) * | 2019-07-08 | 2019-11-01 | 西南石油大学 | A method of prediction carbonate rock fore negative bed fracture condudtiviy distribution |
| CN112878982A (en) * | 2020-12-31 | 2021-06-01 | 西南石油大学 | Deep shale gas productivity prediction method considering long-term fracture conductivity |
| CN113123772A (en) * | 2021-04-16 | 2021-07-16 | 西南石油大学 | Efficient acid distribution method considering time-space distribution characteristics of acid-etched crack flow conductivity |
| CN113356826A (en) * | 2021-07-08 | 2021-09-07 | 西南石油大学 | Moderate sand adding and pressure increasing acid fracturing method for improving fracture-cavity reservoir transformation effect |
| CN113513296A (en) * | 2020-04-10 | 2021-10-19 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | Yield increasing method for directional well in carbonate rock solution breaking reservoir |
| CN114647957A (en) * | 2022-05-18 | 2022-06-21 | 西南石油大学 | Acid fracturing effect evaluation method based on acid fracturing 'transformation area' theory |
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| CN106640021A (en) * | 2016-12-01 | 2017-05-10 | 中国石油天然气股份有限公司 | Calculating method and device for post-fracture blow-off parameters |
| CN108204231A (en) * | 2016-12-20 | 2018-06-26 | 中国石油天然气股份有限公司 | A kind of evaluation method of carbonate reservoir volume acid fracturing flow conductivity |
| CN107066769A (en) * | 2017-06-09 | 2017-08-18 | 西南石油大学 | Suitable for the efficient acidifying design method of ultra deep slit formation carbonate reservoir |
| CN110397430A (en) * | 2019-07-08 | 2019-11-01 | 西南石油大学 | A method of prediction carbonate rock fore negative bed fracture condudtiviy distribution |
| CN113513296A (en) * | 2020-04-10 | 2021-10-19 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | Yield increasing method for directional well in carbonate rock solution breaking reservoir |
| CN112878982A (en) * | 2020-12-31 | 2021-06-01 | 西南石油大学 | Deep shale gas productivity prediction method considering long-term fracture conductivity |
| CN112878982B (en) * | 2020-12-31 | 2022-03-01 | 西南石油大学 | Deep shale gas productivity prediction method considering long-term fracture conductivity |
| CN113123772B (en) * | 2021-04-16 | 2022-02-15 | 西南石油大学 | Efficient acid distribution method considering time-space distribution characteristics of acid-etched crack flow conductivity |
| CN113123772A (en) * | 2021-04-16 | 2021-07-16 | 西南石油大学 | Efficient acid distribution method considering time-space distribution characteristics of acid-etched crack flow conductivity |
| CN113356826B (en) * | 2021-07-08 | 2022-02-11 | 西南石油大学 | Moderate sand adding and pressure increasing acid fracturing method for improving fracture-cavity reservoir transformation effect |
| CN113356826A (en) * | 2021-07-08 | 2021-09-07 | 西南石油大学 | Moderate sand adding and pressure increasing acid fracturing method for improving fracture-cavity reservoir transformation effect |
| CN114647957A (en) * | 2022-05-18 | 2022-06-21 | 西南石油大学 | Acid fracturing effect evaluation method based on acid fracturing 'transformation area' theory |
| CN114647957B (en) * | 2022-05-18 | 2022-07-29 | 西南石油大学 | Acid fracturing effect evaluation method based on acid fracturing 'transformation area' theory |
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