CN105209212A - Friction surface stir process - Google Patents

Friction surface stir process Download PDF

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Publication number
CN105209212A
CN105209212A CN201480014693.8A CN201480014693A CN105209212A CN 105209212 A CN105209212 A CN 105209212A CN 201480014693 A CN201480014693 A CN 201480014693A CN 105209212 A CN105209212 A CN 105209212A
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CN
China
Prior art keywords
fss
metal object
methods
metal
friction
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Pending
Application number
CN201480014693.8A
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Chinese (zh)
Inventor
S·M·莫勒
M·R·埃勒
Z·李
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Lockheed Martin Corp
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Lockheed Corp
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Publication of CN105209212A publication Critical patent/CN105209212A/en
Pending legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22F—CHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
    • C22F3/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by special physical methods, e.g. treatment with neutrons
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K20/00—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating
    • B23K20/12—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating the heat being generated by friction; Friction welding
    • B23K20/122—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating the heat being generated by friction; Friction welding using a non-consumable tool, e.g. friction stir welding
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K20/00—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating
    • B23K20/12—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating the heat being generated by friction; Friction welding
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K20/00—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating
    • B23K20/12—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating the heat being generated by friction; Friction welding
    • B23K20/122—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating the heat being generated by friction; Friction welding using a non-consumable tool, e.g. friction stir welding
    • B23K20/1275—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating the heat being generated by friction; Friction welding using a non-consumable tool, e.g. friction stir welding involving metallurgical change
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/30—Energy from the sea, e.g. using wave energy or salinity gradient

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
  • Pressure Welding/Diffusion-Bonding (AREA)
  • Other Surface Treatments For Metallic Materials (AREA)
  • Preventing Corrosion Or Incrustation Of Metals (AREA)
  • Protection Of Pipes Against Damage, Friction, And Corrosion (AREA)
  • Rigid Pipes And Flexible Pipes (AREA)
  • Laser Beam Processing (AREA)

Abstract

A process is described that employs what can be termed a friction surface stirring (FSS) process on the surface of a metal object. The FSS process occurs on some or the entire surface of the metal object, at a location(s) separate from a friction stir welded joint. The FSS process on the surface produces a corrosion resistant mechanical conversion "coating" on the object. The "coating" is formed by the thickness of the material of the object that has been FSS processed. In one exemplary application, the process can be applied to a metal strip that is later formed into a tube whereby the "coated" surface resides on the inside of the tube making it highly resistant to corrosive flow such as seawater.

Description

Surface stirring friction technique
Technical field
The disclosure relates to corrosion resistant metal object, and utilizes surface stirring friction (FSS) to strengthen the corrosion resistance of metal object.
Background technology
Most metals, or even ocean rank metal, all demonstrate the sign of corrosion in water environment, and wherein water environment comprises in saltwater environment, light salt brine environment and fresh water environment.Corrode and be particularly evident in cold, dark saltwater environment.Along with the time goes over, the long period of operation peace preservation association of corroding for the metal object be exposed in water environment is harmful.
Using friction stir welding (FSW) that two kinds of metal objects are connected to welding point place is known technology.When these objects are exposed in water environment, can observe, although the position beyond the FSW joint on a metal object in base metal alloys there occurs serious corrosion, in FSW joint, seldom or not corrode generation.
Summary of the invention
Describe a kind of technique being called as surface stirring friction (FSS) used on metal object surface.On a part for the position separated with FSW welding point that this FSS occurs in metal object or whole surface.FSS technique on surface defines corrosion resistant, mechanical conversion " coating " on object.This mechanical conversion coating is formed by the thickness of the object materials of carrying out FSS processing.Mechanical conversion coating can be a part for metal object thickness or the full depth of object.
FSS and FSW is similar being, uses throw to soften or plasticized metal material.But FSS occurs in the surface of metal object, instead of the joint between two objects.FSS technique can use the FSW instrument of the routine for the formation of FSW welding point, or the FSW instrument of routine is increased size in proportion thus is used for using together with the larger surface of standing FSS process.
FSS instrument can be used in multiple stirring path.Such as, FSS instrument can pass along straight line path on a metal object, and this metal object stirs on a direction or both direction (that is, reciprocally).In another embodiment, FSS instrument outwards can be advanced with spiral pattern from center.In another embodiment, FSS instrument can be advanced along square or rectangular patterns and outwards or inwardly advance on a metal object.Other travel path is also possible.
FSS can occur on metal object and carry out before or after machining operations.This metal object can have any shape or size, and can be plate, rod, bar, pipe or other shape.FSS can occur on the surface of any shape, such as, and the combination of smooth or flat surface, curved surface or curved surface and plane.
The object standing FSS process can be formed by following metal alloy, include but not limited to: aluminium alloy (alloy of 2xxx, 3xxx, 5xxx, 6xxx and 7xxx series), particularly ocean rank aluminium alloy (5xxx and 6xxx series), titanium alloy, steel alloy (such as stainless steel) and other.
The FSS mechanical conversion coating produced obviously is thicker than conventional corrosion-resistant conversion coating, such as 5-10 thickness doubly.Although these FSS coatings are thicker than conventional chemical conversion coating, they with FSS coating stirring district around or parent metal under it be integrally.If this parent metal is not identical with the thermal property of FSS coating, then it is very approximate.Therefore, FSS coating has the face coat advantage being better than routine, and namely it does not exist usual the perplexed stripping problem of conventional coating processes, and thicker FSS coating obviously produces longer service life in ocean or other corrosive atmosphere.FSS mechanical conversion coating is not owing to using independent coating material, therefore very friendly to environment.Dissolved most of sediment due to FSS technique or made it minimized, therefore FSS mechanical conversion coating contains less and less sediment and more clearly crystal boundary, and can not affect hot property or other material character of metal object.
In an exemplary application, FSS technique can be used in being intended to be used on the object in water, comprises salt solution, light salt brine and fresh water.Such as but not limited to, this metal object can be the object used in ocean thermal energy conversion device, sea water desalinating unit or boats and ships.Its expection use procedure in, object can be placed under water, waterborne or on the water side but be not exposed to water (that is, the spray, salt fog or other sea water layer environment), or its combination.FSS technique can be used on the part or all of area of the metal object being in use exposed to water and/or briny environment.
FSS technique can make for producing the submerged structure formed by single metal material together with FSW.Such as, in ocean thermal energy conversion (Otec) system (OTEC), the heat exchanger comprising shell, plate and pipe can be formed by aluminium alloy completely, the use therefore eliminating different metal and be electrically coupled.
In one embodiment, surface stirring friction technique comprise use friction stir welding tools to the non junction of metal object or FSW connecting surface carry out surface stirring friction at least partially.Any dependent claims that this embodiment can comprise in literary composition therewith combinationally uses, and dependent claims can use in the mode of any combination.
In another embodiment, this technique comprises and uses the non-connecting surface of friction stir welding tools to metal object to carry out surface stirring friction.Any dependent claims that this embodiment can comprise in literary composition therewith combinationally uses, and dependent claims can use in the mode of any combination.
In another embodiment, the method improving metal object corrosion resistance comprise use friction stir welding tools to metal object do not connect or FSW connecting surface carry out surface stirring friction at least partially.Any dependent claims that this embodiment can comprise in literary composition therewith combinationally uses, and dependent claims can use in the mode of any combination.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Figure 1A-D illustrates the part that the object of FSS technique is just being carried out on its surface.
Fig. 2 illustrates the part that the object of FSS technique is just being carried out on its surface, and the FSW joint on this part and object is separated.
Fig. 3 A-C be a diagram that the side view carrying out another example of FSS at object, and it carries out machining after FSS.
Fig. 4 is by the end-view of the pipe of FSS process, which illustrates FSS mechanical conversion " coating ".
Fig. 5 A-B illustrates the example of the FSS of the whole thickness with object.
Fig. 6 A-C illustrates the technique forming FSS pipe.
Fig. 7 A-B illustrates the technique of alternative formation FSS pipe.
Fig. 8 A-C illustrates the example of different FSS tube shape and the FSS tube-surface that can be formed.
Fig. 9 A-C illustrates the example of the FSS object with different surfaces fineness.
Detailed description of the invention
Below describe and describe the process using FSS technique on the surface of metal object.FSS technique occurs on the part or all of surface of metal object, through a part or the whole thickness of this object.This metal object can have one or more FSW welding point, or does not have FSW welding point.FSS technique from the teeth outwards produces corrosion-resistant mechanical conversion " coating " on object, and hereafter it will be called as " coating ".Should " coating " be formed by the thickness of the object materials of FSS process, it depends on the penetration depth of the throw used in FSS technique.
FSS technique and FSW similar are that it uses the softening or plasticized metal material of throw.But FSS technique occurs in the surface of metal object, instead of as FSW, occur in the joint between two objects, and it is not used in and is linked together by two objects.
Referring now to Figure 1A-D, illustrate a part of just carrying out FSS technique for metal object 10.Object 10 comprises surface 12, and it can be flat or bending.FSS instrument 14 is for implementing FSS technique on the surface 12.In this example, FSS instrument 14 can be identical with the FSW instrument for the formation of FSW welding point of routine on structure with operation, or instrument 14 can be similar to the FSW instrument of routine, just increase its size in proportion for using together with stand FSS process larger surperficial 12.
It will be understood by those skilled in the art that, when contacting with body surface, FSS instrument 14 is with High Rotation Speed.Metal material softens or is plasticized to certain depth by instrument 14, and this degree of depth is determined by the penetration depth in instrument 14 to body surface 12.Once instrument is through metal, it stirs metal and makes it be cemented in below tool shoulder after this needle-shaped tool.The metal that the surface " coating " produced will comprise with very tiny equi-axed crystal.Because do not melt during FSS technique, therefore this operation is all carried out in the solid state.
In this example, FSS instrument 14 moves along the direct of travel 15 shown in arrow in Figure 1B on the surface 12, thus produces FSS region 16 (FSS region 16 is represented by dotted lines in Figure 1B and Fig. 1 D).As shown in Figure 1 C, after every paths completes, instrument 14 moves (or object moves relative to instrument) along the direction of arrow and has come new FSS path.Pointed by Fig. 1 D, this process repeats on all surfaces region except border of object 10, or only carries out on a part of surf zone.
In figure ia, FSS technique starts by FSS tool insert body, and along object major axis translation northwards and instrument arrive object end before stop.Then FSS instrument translation can get back to initial starting position and mobile enough distances ensure to realize the abundant overlap in FSS region.FSS instrument and then along object translation northwards, and repeat this and move operation until whole object is all overlapping with FSS region.Alternately, FSS instrument can stop in the end of every paths and move while instrument still imposed load and rotation.Then this instrument is again along object translation to the south, simultaneously overlapping with FSS region before.This instrument can continue to weld back and forth and move in the end of every paths until whole sheet material except border all through FSS process.Other instrument pattern of advancing also is possible, includes but not limited to square, rectangle or spirality pattern.
It should be noted that FSS technique is used in and any separated position of FSW joint on the surface 12.In the example shown in Figure 1A-D, object 10 does not comprise any FSW joint.
Fig. 2 shows an embodiment, and wherein object 10 ' is formed by two part 18a, 18b, and these two parts are be separated at first, are linked together afterwards by conventional FSW technique along FSW weld zone or joint 20.In this embodiment, instrument 14 forms FSS district 16 through the region on surface 12 ' with separated position, Yu FSW district 20.
Fig. 3 A-C shows by the sectional view of the object 30 of FSS process, and wherein Fig. 3 A shows a FSS operation, and Fig. 3 B shows repeatedly FSS operation.The penetration depth of FSS instrument 14 determines the degree of depth of produced " coating ".With reference to Fig. 3 B, can find out that the operation of repeatedly FSS instrument 14 has sufficient overlap, the stirring area (or agitating friction adds process (FSP) district) formed has the continuous degree of depth " D " through whole object 30, thus forms the FSS " coating " 32 produced.This FSS " coating " 32 provides corrosion resistance barrier, and its thickness is obviously greater than conventional anticorrosive conversion coating, such as 5-10 thickness doubly.
After enforcement FSS, if needed, body surface can carry out machining, such as fly cutting, grinding, grinding and/or polishing, such as, make this surfacing.In one embodiment, the end face that Fig. 3 C illustrates overlapping stirring area can be machined, such as, use suitable topping machanism (such as milling machine drill head, fly cutter, keyway planer etc.) part for thickness to be machined away.If do not consider crevice corrosion, then mechanical processing steps can be skipped.
FSS technique can be implemented on the object with any shape and the body surface with any shape.Fig. 4 illustrates hollow, cylindrical object or pipe 40, its wall thickness T having hollow interior space 42 and extend from inner surface 44 exterior surface 46.Outer surface 46 is implemented FSS technique to thickness D to form FSS " coating " 48.FSS also can implement on inner surface 44.
FSS " coating " 32 usually can have constant depth on object or this profile depth can change.For example, referring to Fig. 5 A and 5B, illustrate the side view of object 50, wherein object 50 has been processed into by FSS the whole thickness that penetrates object 50 or has had degree of depth D, and it can be useful in some applications.In one embodiment, conventional FSW instrument, it has length can pin much the same with object thickness, and this instrument can be used in the FSS realizing full depth.In another embodiment shown in Fig. 5 B, FSS instrument 52 is autoreaction FSS instruments, its independent pin 58 having upper shoulder 54, lower shoulder 56 and extend between shoulder 54,56.This pin 58 is exposed between shoulder 54,56, and between shoulder 54,56, the distance at interval equals the thickness of object 50 substantially, thus can obtain the FSS process of full depth.
Fig. 6 A-C illustrates the pipe forming technology using FSS.From Fig. 6 A, plate 60 (such as aluminium alloy) carries out complete FSS process for the entire depth of this plate, and if need, can also carry out above-mentioned machining.As shown in Figure 6B, then this plate 60 is cut slivering 62a, 62b......62n, to remove the border 64 without FSS process.With reference to Fig. 6 C, then each is rolled into pipe 65, and is got up by its edge conjunction along seam 64 ' afterwards.
Any suitable Joining Technology can be used to connect edge.In one embodiment, the alternating-current resistance Welding that prior art can be used known is to connect edge.Consequently define the pipe 65 of both surfaces externally and internallies by FSS process.Alternately, as shown in figs. 7 a-b, conventional FSW technique and FSW instrument 66 can be used to connect edge, thus form complete FSS and FSW pipe 68, it all minimizes or eliminates corrosion on both surfaces externally and internallies.Alternately, the technique of the first type can be used to connect edge, such as welding procedure (such as electric resistance welding or laser weld), and then connected edge can carry out FSW process along seam, thus form complete FSS and FSW and manage, it all minimizes or eliminates corrosion on both surfaces externally and internallies.
Fig. 8 A-C illustrates the example of FSS shape and the FSS tube-surface that above-mentioned technique and technology can be used to be shaped.These examples illustrate the technique introduced in Fig. 6 A-C and Fig. 7 A-B and can be used in being formed the pipe with many difformities and surface enhanced.This surface enhanced can add before or after cutting slivering.In addition, on the part that this surface enhanced can occur in produced pipe or whole outer surface, or occur on a part or whole inner surface.But surface enhanced is not limited to be used on pipe, and its can be provided in stand the FSS process described in this literary composition any metal object on.
This surface enhanced can be intended to improve hot property, such as the heat trnasfer of pipe or metal object, or strengthens other character any.This surface enhanced can be formed by any way, includes but not limited to: the similar techniques such as machining, punching press, chemical etching.
Fig. 8 A shows columniform pipe 80.The outer surface of pipe 80 is also provided with some grooves or ripple 82, and it is machined in metal after metal carries out FSS process again.
Fig. 8 B shows trapezoidal pipe 84, and a part or the whole of outer surface machining has groove 86.In this embodiment, on a part or the whole of inner surface, also machining has groove 88.
Fig. 8 C shows the pipe 90 of rectangle, and on a part or the whole of outer surface, machining has groove 92.In this embodiment, on a part or the whole of inner surface, also machining has groove 94.
Fig. 9 A-C illustrates some examples of different surface smoothnesses, and it can be provided in (inner surface and/or outer surface) on the pipe of FSS process or the surface of other metal object.Fig. 9 A-C illustrates various convex surfaces fineness, and it can be formed by any way, includes but not limited to: the similar techniques such as machining, punching press, chemical etching
FSS technique is particularly useful for the object used in the application of ocean application and experience water (particularly salt solution).Exemplary application includes but not limited to: the heat exchanger used in sea water desalinating unit or OTEC device, and the condenser in electric power station system and other cooling and liquid-liquid or liquid-gas heat load exchange in application.FSS technique also can be favourable for the parts on the surface (such as shell, deck, rotor part etc.) be used in warship or other marine ships or aircraft, in air or under sea.
Disclosed example is all considered to illustrative in all respects but is not restrictive in this application.Scope of the present invention is defined by the appended claims instead of limited by aforementioned explanation, and the institute in the implication and scope of claim equivalence changes and is all intended to be included in wherein.

Claims (19)

1. improve a method for the corrosion resistance of metal object surface, comprising:
Friction stir welding tools is used to carry out surface stirring friction at least partially to produce mechanical conversion coating to the non-connecting surface of described metal object.
2. the method for claim 1, comprises and carries out surface stirring to the whole surf zone of described metal object, and described metal object will be exposed to water, marine environment or corrosive atmosphere when its expection uses.
3. the method for claim 1, after being also included in surface stirring, carries out machining, rapidly cutting, grinding, grinding or polishing to the surperficial mixing part on described surface.
4. the method for claim 1, wherein said metal object is formed by single metal material.
5. the method for claim 1, the described non-connecting surface of wherein said metal object is roughly straight and smooth surface.
6. the method for claim 1, the described non-connecting surface of wherein said metal object is bending or the surface of non-straight.
7. the method for claim 1, wherein said metal object has curved surface and straight surface.
8. the method for claim 1, wherein said metal object is plate, rod, bar or pipe.
9. the method for claim 1, wherein said metal object carries out surface stirring friction process completely, and surface stirring friction penetrates the whole thickness of described metal object.
10. method as claimed in claim 4, wherein single metal material comprises aluminium alloy, titanium alloy or stainless steel.
11. methods as claimed in claim 10, wherein said aluminium alloy comprises ocean rank aluminium alloy.
12. methods as claimed in claim 2, wherein said metal object is at ocean thermal energy conversion device, sea water desalinating unit, or the object used in the parts of marine ships or aircraft.
13. methods as claimed in claim 2, wherein said metal object is for the heat exchanger in ocean thermal energy conversion device.
14. methods as claimed in claim 9, wherein said metal object carries out machining, punching press or process thus forms surface enhanced at least one surface thereof.
15. methods as described in claim 9 or 14, wherein said metal object is cut slivering.
16. methods as claimed in claim 15, wherein after dicing, each forms tubular articles.
17. methods as claimed in claim 16, the adjacent edge of the described tubular articles wherein formed by described bar carries out friction stir welding process along seam, thus produces that carried out complete surface stirring friction with pipe that is friction stir welding process.
18. methods as claimed in claim 16, the adjacent edge of the described tubular articles wherein formed by described bar is connected along seam.
19. methods as claimed in claim 18, wherein carry out friction stir welding process along described seam to adjacent edge, thus produce the tubular articles carrying out complete surface stirring friction and friction stir welding process.
CN201480014693.8A 2013-03-12 2014-03-07 Friction surface stir process Pending CN105209212A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (5)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US201361777419P 2013-03-12 2013-03-12
US61/777419 2013-03-12
US14/199,513 US20140261900A1 (en) 2013-03-12 2014-03-06 Friction surface stir process
US14/199513 2014-03-06
PCT/US2014/021869 WO2014164318A1 (en) 2013-03-12 2014-03-07 Friction surface stir process

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JP (1) JP2016516583A (en)
CN (1) CN105209212A (en)
AU (1) AU2014249475A1 (en)
DE (1) DE112014001336T5 (en)
PH (1) PH12015501979A1 (en)
SE (1) SE1551305A1 (en)
WO (1) WO2014164318A1 (en)

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