CN105370259A - Staged fracturing method of horizontal well - Google Patents
Staged fracturing method of horizontal well Download PDFInfo
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- CN105370259A CN105370259A CN201410437691.1A CN201410437691A CN105370259A CN 105370259 A CN105370259 A CN 105370259A CN 201410437691 A CN201410437691 A CN 201410437691A CN 105370259 A CN105370259 A CN 105370259A
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Abstract
The invention relates to a staged fracturing method of a horizontal well; the horizontal well comprises multiple storage layers; and the method comprises the following steps: (1) a lower storage layer is perforated in a manner of perforation clusters with a preset number; (2) fracturing liquid is filled in the lower storage layer to perform the fracturing construction; (3) the base sealing is performed above the lower storage layer; and (4) an adjacent upper storage layer above the base seal is perforated in a manner of perforation clusters with a preset number, then the upper storage layer is fractured, and the step (3) and the step (4) are repeated until the fracturing construction of all storage layers of the horizontal well is finished. The method can generate a crack network in a stratum to greatly improve the output of the horizontal well.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to oil recovery field, particularly staged fracturing of horizontal well method.
Background technology
According to world's shale gas resource investigation, global shale gas reserves exceed conventional gas reserves, and its distribution is very extensive.Individual in U.S.'s shale gas resource potential basin more than 50, wherein explored to some extent for more than 40.At present, in the exploitation of shale gas, the development well of 85% is horizontal well, and therefore shale gas increase of production mainly comes from the improvement of horizontal wells technology.
Shale gas reservoir pressure break, mainly under the condition higher than shale gas reservoir fracture pressure, to be blocked water falling in a large number by ground high-pressure pump group or the fracturing fluid system such as slippery water injects in pit shaft, the crack initiation via the preforation tunnel of reservoir.Usually, whole process adopts 8 ~ 10m
3the fixed displacement alter least-squares prepad fluid of/min and proppant, migrate in crack with proppant, sedimentation with support press off seam, make crack keep certain flow conductivity under formation closure stress.Also in fracturing process, create network fracture as far as possible, effectively to improve shale gas Reservoir Seepage ability and to improve gas well output.
But the shale gas reservoir that geostatic stress differs greatly, adopts this kind of fracturing technology to be difficult to produce enough large net pressure with breakthrough level two to stress difference in crack, thus the single waterpower causing perforation reservoir actual formation both wings to be close to symmetry presses off seam.For shale gas reservoir, the drainage area in single crack is limited, and the fracture condudtiviy of acquisition is on the low side, discontented full border volume increase demand.
Summary of the invention
For the problems referred to above, the present invention proposes a kind of staged fracturing of horizontal well method.By method of the present invention, fracture network can be produced in the earth formation, thus increase substantially the output of horizontal well.
According to the present invention, propose a kind of staged fracturing of horizontal well method, this horizontal well comprises multiple reservoir, and the method comprises: step one: carry out perforation to lower floor's reservoir in the mode of the perforation of predetermined quantity bunch; Step 2: be filled with fracturing fluid to carry out pressing crack construction to lower floor's reservoir; Step 3: carry out setting to the top of lower floor's reservoir; Step 4: in the mode of the perforation of predetermined quantity bunch, perforation is carried out to the upper strata reservoir being adjacent to be in setting top, carries out subsequently carrying out pressing crack construction to upper strata reservoir; Repeat step 3 to step 4, until complete the pressing crack construction of all reservoirs of horizontal well.
According to method of the present invention, owing to having carried out perforation to each reservoir in the mode of the perforation of predetermined number bunch, therefore all man-made fracture can be produced in the perforation bunch place in each reservoir.These man-made fractures can be linked up with the intrinsic fracture in stratum, thus can form fracture network, and then improve fracturing effect, increase the output of horizontal well.In addition, the pressing crack construction of lower floor's reservoir complete and setting after, then upper strata reservoir to be constructed, avoids influencing each other between lower floor's reservoir and upper strata reservoir, contribute to the fracturing effect improving upper strata reservoir.
In one embodiment, for each reservoir, the quantity of perforation bunch is at least two and bearing of trend along horizontal well distributes.The perforation bunch of this distribution makes to be separated by not far by the different perforation bunch man-made fracture produced in same reservoir, thus these man-made fractures can be linked up each other and can be linked up with intrinsic fracture and form three-dimensional fracture network, further increase fracturing effect.In a preferred embodiment, the quantity of each perforation bunch eyelet produced is 10 to 15.The so many each perforation bunch that makes of the quantity of eyelet can produce more crack, contributes to being communicated with each other by the different perforation bunch man-made fracture produced, to improve fracturing effect.
In one embodiment, pressing crack construction comprises: a) carry out first time pressure break to reservoir; B) after first time pressure break, multiple stifled ball is temporarily dropped into this reservoir; C) second time pressure break is carried out to this reservoir; Repeat b) and c), until complete the pressing crack construction of this reservoir.Because first time pressure break only can make the weakest stratum crack initiation, therefore after carrying out first time pressure break, drop into the crack that stifled ball temporary occlusion temporarily produces, make pressing crack construction subsequently again can produce crack in other places of this reservoir.Like this, alternative expression pitching and pressure break can produce crack as much as possible in this reservoir, thus improve fracturing effect and and then the output of well of improving the standard.
In one embodiment, the number of times throwing temporarily stifled ball is less than the quantity of perforation bunch.In pressing crack construction, pressure break does not need to drop into stifled ball temporarily for the first time, therefore can correspondingly reduce pitching number of times, facilitate and construct and reduce cost.
In one embodiment, the total quantity of input stifled temporarily ball is less than the total quantity of the eyelet of corresponding reservoir, and the quantity of each stifled temporarily ball dropped into is greater than the quantity of each perforation bunch eyelet produced.In pressing crack construction, the crack that last pressure break is formed does not need blocking, therefore correspondingly can reduce the quantity of stifled ball temporarily, this reduces the cost of pressing crack construction and facilitate construction.In addition, the quantity of each input stifled temporarily ball is greater than the quantity of each perforation bunch eyelet produced, crack all temporarily shutoff that can will produce as much as possible, to reduce the shunting of pressure in pressing crack construction subsequently, thus contribute to again producing crack in other places of this reservoir.
In one embodiment, settingly to realize by bridging plug is setting.Stifled ball and bridging plug are made by the material that can degrade temporarily.Preferably, after the pressing crack construction of each reservoir terminates, in reservoir, being filled with the degradation solution blocking up ball and bridging plug temporarily for degrading blocking up ball and bridging plug temporarily to degrade.Like this, after fractured horizontal well construction terminates, just do not block up ball and bridging plug temporarily in well, thus eliminate the temporary stifled ball of the row of returning and bore the step removing bridging plug, the pressing crack construction that enormously simplify horizontal well operates.
In one embodiment, in the fracturing process of horizontal well, also to for the addition of specific tracer in the fracturing fluid of each reservoir.After fractured horizontal well construction terminates, returned the content of the tracer in the fracturing fluid ejected, can obtain the crack quantity of effective pay by detection, for understanding reservoir, analysing output has high value.
In this application, term D score refers to towards the direction of depths, stratum.Term " on " refer to towards the direction on earth's surface.
Compared with prior art, the invention has the advantages that: (1), owing to having carried out perforation to each reservoir in the mode of the perforation of predetermined quantity bunch, therefore can produce man-made fracture in the perforation bunch place in each reservoir.These man-made fractures can be linked up with intrinsic fracture in stratum, thus form fracture network, and then improve fracturing effect, increase the output of horizontal well.(2) the pressing crack construction of lower floor's reservoir complete and setting after, then upper strata reservoir to be constructed, avoids influencing each other between lower floor's reservoir and upper strata reservoir, contribute to the fracturing effect improving upper strata reservoir.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Also will be described in more detail the present invention with reference to accompanying drawing based on embodiment hereinafter.Wherein:
Fig. 1 and 2 show schematically show the process of carrying out pressure break according to method of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is when carrying out pressure break according to method of the present invention, the curve map of ground construction pressure change.
Fig. 4 is when carrying out pressure break according to the method for prior art, the curve map of ground construction pressure change.
In the accompanying drawings, identical parts use identical Reference numeral.Accompanying drawing is not according to the ratio of reality.
Detailed description of the invention
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, the invention will be further described.
Fig. 1 and Fig. 2 show schematically show method according to the present invention and carries out staged fracturing process to horizontal well.Be described in detail for concrete water horizontal well 10 below.
Horizontal well 10 is marine facies shale gas horizontal well, and it adopts diameter to be 139.7mm cased hole completion.Horizontal well 10 total length is 2100m, and horizontal segment length is 998m.Through geological prospecting, the reservoir of horizontal well 10 is 10 layers, therefore needs to carry out 10 pressing crack constructions.The quantity estimating the perforation arranged along the bearing of trend of horizontal well 10 within the scope of each reservoir bunch is 3, and the quantity of each perforation bunch eyelet that can produce is 12.Below, be only described in detail to the work progress of the first reservoir 20 being in the bottom, the work progress of other reservoir is identical therewith, repeats no more here.
In order to prevent leaking in horizontal well 10, before carrying out pressing crack construction, enter bridging plug first down, and bridging plug 11 is placed into pre-position, such as 1980m place also sets.
Carry out perforation to the first reservoir 20, the quantity of perforation bunch is three bunches.Perforating gun (not shown) is lowered into the first perforation bunch position 21 place of the first reservoir 20, carries out first time perforation.Then, above carry second perforation bunch position 22 place of perforating gun (not shown) to the first reservoir 20, carry out second time perforation.Then, carry three perforation bunch position 23 place of perforating gun (not shown) to the first reservoir 20 again, carry out third time perforation.Thus, the perforation to the first reservoir 20 is completed.First time perforation, second time perforation and third time perforation in each eyelet number obtained be 12.That is, in the first reservoir 20,36 eyelets are defined altogether.Should be appreciated that, in this application, " perforation bunch " refers to the position of obtained eyelet Relatively centralized.Certain distance is there is between adjacent perforation bunch.Such as, in the present embodiment, 12 eyelet Relatively centralized at the first perforation bunch position 21 place, 12 eyelets also Relatively centralized at the second perforation bunch position 22 place, but between the first perforation bunch position 21 and the second perforation bunch position 22, there is certain distance.Also there is certain distance between 3rd perforation bunch position 23 and the second perforation bunch position 22, repeat no more here.
Pressing crack construction is carried out to the first reservoir 20.First, acid solution is injected to the first reservoir 20.Acid solution can with reservoir formation generation chemical reaction, as Reference numeral in Fig. 3 35.The intensity on stratum can be reduced by injecting acid solution, making stratum more easily break and produce crack.In the present embodiment, the acid solution used to be volume content be 15% aqueous hydrochloric acid solution.20m is injected in the first reservoir 20
3acid solution, and then inject 12m in the first reservoir 20
3slippery water is all to replace acid solution in stratum.
Then, fracturing fluid is injected to the first reservoir 20.Increase the of the fracturing fluid pump delivery of pumping gradually, ground construction pressure can raise gradually along with the increase of discharge capacity, and the pressure in the first reservoir 20 also can raise gradually.When the pressure in the first reservoir 20 is elevated to can will along eyelet 21 (namely, first perforation bunch position 21 place) by formation breakdown time, ground construction pressure there will be unexpected decline (Reference numeral 41 as in Fig. 3), this means to create man-made fracture 14 in the first reservoir 20.Then, in the first reservoir 20, inject proppant to be supported by produced man-made fracture 14, and improve the circulation area of man-made fracture 14.In one embodiment, in fracturing fluid, can add particle diameter is continuously 40/70 object haydite, and the addition of haydite raises gradually.
Because the geological conditions at different eyelet place is different, the intensity on stratum is also different, and therefore a pressure break only can produce man-made fracture at Partial cells place, such as, produce man-made fracture 14 (as shown in Figure 1) at eyelet 21 place.In order to produce man-made fracture as much as possible, drop into multiple stifled ball 15 (as shown in Figure 2) temporarily to the first reservoir 20.These stifled ball 15 meetings temporarily, by man-made fracture 14 temporary occlusion, can reduce of the fracturing fluid shunting, namely make pressure concentrate on the stratum of non-pressure break, thus contribute in other eyelet place crack initiations again in fracturing process subsequently.In one embodiment, the quantity of input stifled temporarily ball is 12.When significantly rising appears in ground construction pressure again, as the Reference numeral 42 in Fig. 3, illustrate that temporarily stifled ball 15 is by man-made fracture shutoff.Be similarly, when ground construction pressure occurs declining suddenly (Reference numeral 43 as in Fig. 3), mean that other eyelet places create again new man-made fracture in the first reservoir 20, as the man-made fracture 17 of the second perforation bunch position 22 in Fig. 2 and the man-made fracture 18 at the 3rd perforation bunch position 23 place.
So alternately pitching, pressure break, finally complete the pressing crack construction of the first reservoir 20.The man-made fracture produced can be linked up with the intrinsic fracture 19 in stratum, and these man-made fractures are separated by not far, contribute to being interconnected between man-made fracture, thus forms three-dimensional fracture network, improves fracturing effect, increases the output of horizontal well.
Slippery water and fracturing fluid are known by those skilled in the art, repeat no more here.
After the pressing crack construction of the first reservoir 20 terminates, needs will block up ball 15 temporarily and discharge.Like this, after fractured horizontal well construction terminates, in horizontal well 10, just do not block up ball temporarily, thus horizontal well energy output smoothly can be guaranteed.
Before pressing crack construction is carried out to the second reservoir 30, under again in horizontal well 10, enter bridging plug 31, and by setting for bridging plug 31 above the first reservoir 20.Doing so avoids influencing each other between the first reservoir 10 and the second reservoir 30, contribute to the fracturing effect of raising second reservoir 30.The work progress of the second reservoir 30 is identical with the work progress of the first reservoir 10, repeats no more here.
After the pressing crack construction of the second reservoir 30 terminates, not only the stifled temporarily ball be used in the second reservoir 30 to be discharged, also bridging plug 31 will be removed.Like this, after fractured horizontal well construction terminates, in horizontal well 10, just there is no bridging plug, thus can guarantee that horizontal well can smooth output.
Preferably, stifled ball 15 and bridging plug 31 are made by the material that can degrade temporarily.After the pressing crack construction of each reservoir terminates, be filled with in reservoir for the degradation solution blocking up ball 15 and bridging plug 31 temporarily of degrading.Like this, after pressing crack construction terminates, bridging plug 31 and temporarily stifled ball 15 can disappear automatically.Particularly no longer need the step of special brill mill bridging plug, thoroughly eliminate and bore the risk of mill to casing damage, reduce engineering time and cost.If go wrong setting in process at bridging plug 31, after bridging plug 31 can be waited degradable, under enter new bridging plug and again set, without the need to workover treatment, facilitate construction.In one embodiment, the material that stifled ball 15 and bridging plug 31 use temporarily is magnesium alloy or almag, and degradation solution is the water liquid containing chlorion, such as potassium chloride water liquid.Should be appreciated that, bridging plug 31 also can not be identical with the material blocking up ball 15 temporarily, and the degradation solution for bridging plug 31 and temporary stifled ball 15 is also correspondingly different.
In the fracturing process of horizontal well 10, also to for the addition of different tracers in the fracturing fluid of each reservoir, as shown in table 1.After the pressing crack construction of horizontal well 10 terminates, returned the content of the tracer in the fracturing fluid ejected, can obtain the crack quantity of effective pay by detection, for understanding reservoir, analysing output is apart from there being high value.As shown in table 1, the amount of the tracer returned in the fracturing fluid of row from the 7th reservoir is kept to 0 gradually, and illustrate that the crack in the 7th reservoir may close, the liquid namely in the 7th reservoir cannot flow out, and does not contribute later stage produce oil.From the 3rd, five, to return the amount of the tracer in the fracturing fluid of row relative little with six reservoirs, illustrates that the liquid outflow amount in these cracks is less.And from the with, two, four, eight, that nine and ten reservoirs return the amount of the tracer in the fracturing fluid of row is relatively large, illustrate that the liquid in these cracks can well flow out, return discharging liquid primarily of the crack contribution in these 5 reservoirs.It should be noted that: CFT1700, CFT2000, CFT1900, CFT2200, CFT1600, CFT2100, CFT1500, CFT2400, CFT2500, CFT1400 are tracer code names in Table 1, are not described in detail here.
Table 1
When Fig. 4 shows and carries out pressure break according to method of the prior art, the curve map of ground construction pressure change.According to the method for prior art, in each reservoir, carry out three shower holes equally, but do not adopted pitching temporary plugging technique.Can see from operation pressure curve, only there occurs a crack initiation, as Reference numeral 51.Crack initiation eyelet quantity is few, and form crack limited amount, horizontal well yield certainly will be less than the horizontal well according to method pressure break of the present invention.
Although invention has been described with reference to preferred embodiment, without departing from the scope of the invention, various improvement can be carried out to it and parts wherein can be replaced with equivalent.Especially, only otherwise there is structural hazard, the every technical characteristic mentioned in each embodiment all can combine in any way.The present invention is not limited to specific embodiment disclosed in literary composition, but comprises all technical schemes fallen in the scope of claim.
Claims (10)
1. a staged fracturing of horizontal well method, described horizontal well comprises multiple reservoir, and described method comprises:
Step one: in the mode of the perforation of predetermined quantity bunch, perforation is carried out to lower floor's reservoir;
Step 2: be filled with fracturing fluid to carry out pressing crack construction to described lower floor reservoir;
Step 3: carry out setting to the top of described lower floor reservoir;
Step 4: in the mode of the perforation of predetermined quantity bunch, perforation is carried out to the upper strata reservoir being adjacent to be in described setting top, carries out subsequently carrying out pressing crack construction to described upper strata reservoir;
Repeat step 3 to step 4, until complete the pressing crack construction of all reservoirs of described horizontal well.
2. method according to claim 1, is characterized in that, for each reservoir, the quantity of described perforation bunch is at least two and bearing of trend along described horizontal well distributes.
3. method according to claim 2, is characterized in that, the quantity of each perforation bunch eyelet produced is 10 to 15.
4. according to the method in claim 2 or 3, it is characterized in that, described pressing crack construction comprises:
A) first time pressure break is carried out to reservoir;
B) after described first time pressure break, multiple stifled ball is temporarily dropped into described reservoir;
C) second time pressure break is carried out to described reservoir;
Repeat b) and c), until complete the pressing crack construction of described reservoir.
5. method according to claim 4, is characterized in that, the number of times throwing temporarily stifled ball is less than the quantity of described perforation bunch.
6. method according to claim 5, is characterized in that, the total quantity of input stifled temporarily ball is less than the total quantity of the eyelet of corresponding reservoir, and the quantity of each stifled temporarily ball dropped into is greater than the quantity of each perforation bunch eyelet produced.
7. the method according to any one of claim 4 to 6, is characterized in that, describedly settingly to realize by bridging plug is setting.
8. method according to claim 7, is characterized in that, described stifled ball and described bridging plug are temporarily made by the material that can degrade.
9. method according to claim 8, is characterized in that, after the pressing crack construction of each reservoir terminates, is filled with the degradation solution blocking up ball and bridging plug temporarily for degrading and blocks up ball and bridging plug temporarily to degrade in described reservoir.
10. the method according to any one of claim 1 to 9, is characterized in that, in the fracturing process of described horizontal well, also to for the addition of specific tracer in the fracturing fluid of each reservoir.
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