Waste plastics recycling utilizes band gas shield and the granulating integrated device of modification
Technical field
The present invention relates to waste plastics recycling utilize, especially relate to a kind of waste plastics recycling and utilize band gas shield and modified pelletize one
Body gasifying device.
Background technology
Plastics have good chemical stability due to it, are prone to processing, the advantage such as cheap, light, obtain increasingly extensive
Application.But the average life of plastics is the shortest, as a example by polyethylene, average life 1.5 years, thus just often it is only China
There are about 30,000,000 tons of waste plastics to discard, cause severe contamination.
Thermoplastic waste or used plastics passes through hot melt, reproducible utilization, and its technological requirement is simple, it is easy to accomplish, it is typical resource
Regeneration, the important component part of recycling economy.
Waste or used plastics is in use, waste procedures, and owing to the impurity being mixed into is many, plastic component mixes, and physical and chemical performance is different,
Secondary pollution and pollution transportation is easily produced during making regeneration.And conventionally produced regrown material low quality,
Deficiency in economic performance.
Along with plastic industry is toward alloying, specialized direction development, virgin plastics composition is the most complicated, special, also causes useless moulding
The secondary operations of material, the technology of regeneration require day by day to improve.
There are two serious shortcomings being difficult to overcome in existing plastic reclaimed industry: (one) in view of in waste or used plastics, plastic component
Mixing and use washing during removing plastic contaminant, raw material moisture content is high, the most molten in order to melt, and often takes
High temperature process, often results in again low melting point component overheated, oxidation, and chain rupture causes product quality inferior, produces large quantity of exhaust gas simultaneously,
Cause serious secondary pollution.(2) modification of waste or used plastics is by adding improved chemical, and improving product quality is developing direction.Mesh
Front general way is to produce primary " plastics rice " with waste or used plastics elder generation hot melt, then secondary granulation is blended with improved chemical.Cause energy
The critical defect that consumption is big, modified effect is poor, cost is high.
Chinese patent CN204640755U discloses during a kind of waste plastics recycling utilizes the extruding pelletization system producing high fluidity plastics,
It is provided with extrusion main unit, the 1st extrusion slave and the 2nd extrusion slave;Extrusion main unit, the 1st extrusion slave and the 2nd extrusion slave depend on
Secondary connection;Described extrusion main unit is provided with mair motor, change speed gear box, cylinder, screw rod main shaft, base, support, copper sheathing, discharging opening;
Change speed gear box is connected with main motor shaft, and cylinder is located on support, and cylinder is provided with dosing mouth and air vent, and screw rod main shaft is located at cylinder
In, band helical blade on screw rod main shaft, support is installed on base, is provided with pin on cylinder, and pin stretches into through barrel wall
In cylinder, described pin is hollow pin, and pin inner chamber is provided with temperature probe.
Summary of the invention
Present invention aims to the problems referred to above present in waste or used plastics processing and utilization, it is provided that a kind of waste plastics recycling utilizes
Band gas shield and the granulating integrated device of modification.
The present invention is provided with Single screw extrusion comminutor, protective gas storage tank, decompression regulator, air duct, band check-valves sky
Core pin nail, single screw extrusion machine improved chemical connector, improved chemical storage tank, agitator, feed opening, metering feeding spiro rod,
Electric heating sheets, electric heating control chamber, buncher, discharging opening;
The outlet of described protective gas storage tank connects the entrance of decompression regulator, and the outlet of decompression regulator is through air duct tape splicing
Check-valves hollow pin, agitator is located in improved chemical storage tank, and the feed opening of improved chemical storage tank docks with metering feeding spiro rod,
Being provided with electric heating sheets on the outer sleeve of metering feeding spiro rod, electric heating sheets electrically connects with electric heating control chamber, metering feeding spiro rod
Discharging opening is docked by enamel dish with single screw extrusion machine improved chemical connector;Buncher is connected with metering feeding spiro rod.
Described protective gas storage tank can use industrial conventional use of gas cylinder group, gas cylinder group built with protective gas,
Gas pressure can be 15~20kg, and protective gas can use nitrogen etc..
Described decompression regulator can use adjustable compression release valve or the adjustable decompressing table of industrial routine.Going out by decompressing table
Mouthful, it is connected with band check-valves hollow pin with high voltage bearing pipeline.
The corresponding melt zone of outer sleeve at single screw extrusion machine is suitable with ripening section (about 1/3rd of screw jacket cylinder overall length)
Arranging 3~5 sections, each section takes 6~12 holes symmetrically and evenly, and aperture is about the 12~1/20th of sleeve diameter,
And it is provided with screw thread.In the relevant position arranging section, the spiral shell rib of the driving screw in single screw extrusion machine is excised appropriate section, cuts
Should be than pin diameter big 4~6cm except the opening at position, it is to avoid with the pin generation mechanical collision goed deep in cavity when driving screw rotates.
The diameter of described band check-valves hollow pin is identical with the diameter of single screw extrusion machine perforate, and processes thread, it is simple to regulation
Go deep into the degree of depth of cavity with check-valves hollow pin, be allowed to adapt to the demand of the material characteristic of the different waste or used plastics of processing.
The through hole of the interior brill 6~8mm of pin of supplying gas, the center of circle in hole is concentric with pin, and ensures that wall thickness is at more than 2.5mm.If (machine
Platform is less, and pin diameter is also the least, can bore less through hole.) pin of supplying gas gos deep into the one end in extruding granulator cavity,
Ball check valve is installed. steel ball size is identical with pin internal orifice dimension of supplying gas.During to prevent extruding granulator from working, if melt side in cavity
When pressure is more than aspirated pressure, cause melt to reflux, block pipeline.And can according to processing different material time, required for selection
The quantity supplied gas a little and position a little of supplying gas.
The improved chemical storage tank of described band agitating device can be fabricated to cylindrical tank with stainless steel materials.Its height and the ratio of diameter
Example is about 2:1.Its capacity is depending on the production capacity of Single screw extrusion pelletize and the demand of interpolation improved chemical.Typically must ensure
The demand of 6~8h when producing continuously, with the workload of the filling that reduces a staff.
Described agitator, must the technological parameter such as the shape of well-designed stirring vane, length, angle of inclination, with ensure two kinds with
On improved chemical, comprise particulate material, powder material, lamellar material, can in modified formula design ratio, uniformly stir with on an equal basis
Ratio is even changed in the main frame cavity sending into comminutor.Controllable discharging opening is opened in the lower section of mixing tank, to ensure that material (i.e. changes
Property medicament) with metering feeding spiro rod feeding demand match.
The feed opening syndeton length of metering feeding spiro rod and improved chemical storage tank is depending on site space position, but is no less than 2m.Meter
The diameter of amount feeding spiro rod typically should be about 1/3rd of main frame diameter, buncher drive.By adjusting engine speed,
Adjustable feeding amount.At decompression end (i.e. in main frame at the melt lateral pressure minimum) opening of the diameter progressive screw of main frame, send with metering
Material screw rod docking, to ensure that improved chemical can enter in comminutor cavity smoothly, makes the melt of waste or used plastics and the molten of improved chemical
Physical ability is sufficiently mixed uniformly.
The outer sleeve of metering feeding spiro rod installs the heating temperature-control system of temp. controllable additional.According to the various components of improved chemical formula, really
Fixed required melt temperature so that improved chemical concurrently form in course of conveying ripening, the preferable melt of the uniformity and send into master
In machine cavity body.
The present invention has an advantage highlighted below:
As previously described, because waste or used plastics is impure many, fusing point differs, and needs to clean before regeneration is processed, and raw material is aqueous
Rate is high, and in air, oxygen unavoidably enters comminutor melt.Traditional mode of production mode forms melt also for promoting different component plastics
Reduce melt internal friction, often processing temperature is improved to about 400 DEG C, the highest.Under the high temperature conditions, steam,
Oxygen is very big to the plastic damage of high molecular polymer, exceedes the cracking temperature of plastics, causes serious chain rupture, produces large quantity of exhaust gas
Polluting environment, product becomes fragile, low quality.Protective gas is sent into comminutor with certain pressure by pin of supplying gas by the present invention
In cavity, by point air pressure of protective gas, steam and oxygen are squeezed away, plastic melt is carried out inert gas shielding.From
And avoid the chain rupture of high molecular polymer, make quality be greatly improved.
Melted and the plasticizing uniformity coefficient of plastics depends on (one) processing temperature.During temperature height, plastics melt faster, but mistake
Causing plastics during heat, if the decomposition temperature of polyethylene is 310 DEG C, other plastics are the most substantially at about 310~350 DEG C.(2)
Mechanical friction, stirring, extrude the shear shinning of generation, also make plastics fusion plastification, the effect strengthening mechanical shearing thinning can phase
Processing temperature should be reduced, it is achieved the principle of the machining at low temperature extrusion in plastic processing.The hollow of band check-valves in the present invention is supplied gas
Pin insert in comminutor cavity 12~about 18mm (depending on comminutor spiro edge heights) and and spiral shell rib section have between 2~3mm
Gap.So entering the melt every revolution of the waste or used plastics of melt zone, fluxing zone, just the gap with hollow pin occurs once to squeeze
Pressure, rubbing, total generation tens times (identical with pin radical) is crumpled, is produced great shearing effect, make melt mixed equal
Even.To this end, processing temperature 100~about 150 DEG C can be reduced.(waste or used plastics sum is accounted for as a example by processing waste polyethylene
48%) can ensure that the actual temperature of melt is at 200~220 DEG C.Thus avoid the decomposition temperature of polyethylene 310 DEG C, improve greatly
The physical and chemical performance of regenerated plastics.
It has been observed that the complicated of waste or used plastics, after regeneration, product quality is inferior so that it is uses and is greatly limited.Cause
And modifying plastics development in recent years is swift and violent.By adding plasticizer, increasing flux, activeness and quietness agent etc., improve and improve the product of plastics
Matter is good developing direction.But modifying waste plastic can more uniform mix, often with waste or used plastics melt for making improved chemical
Use the traditional handicraft of " secondary granulation "." secondary granulation " is though can reach purpose that is modified and that improve plastics quality, but its shortcoming
It is:
(1) the waste or used plastics melt as the main body of regenerated plastics is cooled, is a granulated into particulate material, then with improved chemical altogether
Mixed, then hot melt granulation, then the energy consumption of first pass pelletize slatterns virtually.
(2) improved chemical is blended second melting, though can ensure that the percentage ratio of modified formula is effective in proportion with " primary material rice "
Rationally, but many improved chemicals are different with " primary expect rice " fusing point, are difficult to the temperature finding several composition all to adapt to, make modification
Effect must be given a discount, or increases the consumption of expensive improved chemical.
The present invention uses the metering feed system of band heating temperature control device, and improved chemical is pressed formula proportion pretreatment in the apparatus
The melt waste or used plastics melt again with pelleting main machine is become to be mixed in proportion.Collection " pelletize " disposably completes with " modified ", thus
Save the energy consumption of nearly 40%.And waste or used plastics melt temperature and the melt temperature of improved chemical in main frame can be controlled respectively, make
The two is had a role to play, and reaches optimum efficiency.
Why the present invention can realize once modified pelletize, the shear action of the stirring extruding rubbing of the hollow pin that has benefited from supplying gas.
Owing to the melt of improved chemical is to preheat into molten condition, the fusion plastification section at comminutor is clamp-oned, with the waste or used plastics of main frame
Melt mixed, the blended stroke of its mixing stroke ratio " secondary granulation " is short, and temperature is relatively low.But due to the hollow pins of tens
Effect cut off by nail, is equivalent to " rubbing " through tens times after two kinds of melt mixed, extruding, mixes, thus mix homogeneously, reach
Expected effect.And be to carry out under the conditions of gas shield in this mixing so that blending and modifying (include increase and decrease melt, connect skill,
Lightly crosslinked etc.) functioning efficiency is greatly improved.
Another main advantages of the present invention is wide applicability, be suitably adapted for the waste or used plastics such as PE, PP, PET coating materials,
The pretreated processing and fabricating of block.Small investment, good quality of product, energy-saving effect is obvious.(paper is included with polyethylene coating materials
Factory's waste material, booth plastic film for agricultural use, mulch film etc.) as a example by, its effect is as shown in table 1 (under conditions of improved chemical formula is identical).
Table 1
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the structure composition schematic diagram of the embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is the structure composition schematic diagram of the improved chemical metering feed system of the embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed description of the invention
Seeing Fig. 1 and 2, the embodiment of the present invention is provided with Single screw extrusion comminutor 1, protective gas storage tank 2, decompression regulator
3, air duct 4, band check-valves hollow pin 5, single screw extrusion machine improved chemical connector 6, improved chemical storage tank 7,
Agitator 8, feed opening 9, metering feeding spiro rod 10, electric heating sheets 11, electric heating control chamber 12, buncher 13, go out
Material mouth 14;The outlet of described protective gas storage tank 2 connects the entrance of decompression regulator 3, and the outlet of decompression regulator 3 is through sending
Feed channel 4 tape splicing check-valves hollow pin 5, agitator 8 is located in improved chemical storage tank 7, improved chemical storage tank 7 times
Material mouth 9 docks with metering feeding spiro rod 10, is provided with electric heating sheets 11, electric heating sheets on the outer sleeve of metering feeding spiro rod 10
11 electrically connect with electric heating control chamber 12, the discharging opening 14 of metering feeding spiro rod 10 and single screw extrusion machine improved chemical connector 6
Docked by enamel dish;Buncher 13 is connected with metering feeding spiro rod 10.
Described protective gas storage tank 2 can use industrial conventional use of gas cylinder group, gas cylinder group built with protective gas,
Gas pressure can be 15~20kg, and protective gas can use nitrogen etc..
Described decompression regulator 3 can use adjustable compression release valve or the adjustable decompressing table of industrial routine.By decompressing table
Outlet, is connected with band check-valves hollow pin with high voltage bearing pipeline.
The corresponding melt zone of outer sleeve at single screw extrusion machine is suitable with ripening section (about 1/3rd of screw jacket cylinder overall length)
Arranging 3~5 sections, each section takes 6~12 holes symmetrically and evenly, and aperture is about the 12~1/20th of sleeve diameter,
And it is provided with screw thread.In the relevant position arranging section, the spiral shell rib of the driving screw in single screw extrusion machine is excised appropriate section, cuts
Should be than pin diameter big 4~6cm except the opening at position, it is to avoid with the pin generation mechanical collision goed deep in cavity when driving screw rotates.
The diameter of described band check-valves hollow pin is identical with the diameter of single screw extrusion machine perforate, and processes thread, it is simple to regulation
Go deep into the degree of depth of cavity with check-valves hollow pin, be allowed to adapt to the demand of the material characteristic of the different waste or used plastics of processing.
The through hole of the interior brill 6~8mm of pin of supplying gas, the center of circle in hole is concentric with pin, and ensures that wall thickness is at more than 2.5mm.If (machine
Platform is less, and pin diameter is also the least, can bore less through hole.) pin of supplying gas gos deep into the one end in extruding granulator cavity,
Installing ball check valve, steel ball size is identical with pin internal orifice dimension of supplying gas.During to prevent extruding granulator from working, if melt in cavity
When lateral pressure is more than aspirated pressure, cause melt to reflux, block pipeline.And can select required according to when processing different material
The quantity supplied gas a little and supply gas position a little.
The hollow pin of the band check-valves of conveying protective gas must process with rustless steel or red copper bar, prevent from getting rusty after unfavorable dismounting,
Maintenance.Hollow pin is connected with the air relief valve of the storage tank of protective gas by high-pressure hose.
Arrange the spiral shell shuttle part of the corresponding extruder screw of the section of hollow pin of supplying gas, big 4~6mm need to be excised than hollow pin
Breach.Pin installs, and after percentage regulation, must slowly rotate extruder screw, confirms that screw rod rotates freely, with pin
Nail does not has machinery scraping, collision to come into operation.
Improved chemical storage tank and agitator all make of rustless steel.The necessary repetition test of the blade shape of agitator, it is ensured that not similar shape
The improved chemical (such as powder, particulate material, strip material) of shape can mix homogeneously, by terms of the equal proportioning output of establishing side, side
Can use.
The metering feeding spiro rod of improved chemical storage tank is connected with adjusting motor.Unit must be made with main frame before docking quantitatively debug.Measure
Different rotating speeds, carries the quantity of improved chemical, it is ensured that after mainframe on-line under condition of different temperatures, can be by the requirement of modified formula
Quantitatively input improved chemical, with main frame melt mixed.
First single screw extrusion machine is preheated during enforcement, during to design temperature, start main frame, put into treated waste or used plastics.
Open the air relief valve of protective gas storage tank, the pressure of regulation protective gas simultaneously, be allowed to slightly larger than the lateral pressure in extruder cavity,
And note at any time observing pressure and the change of flow.And pay close attention to extruder vent expellant gas should be steam be main white cigarette,
And free from extraneous odour black smoke produces, i.e. reach relatively good working order.
When single screw extrusion machine heats preheating, improved chemical is put in storage tank, and be preheated to set temperature to metering feeding spiro rod
Degree.Supply gas 2~3min at protective gas, and during air pressure steady air current, i.e. open the buncher of metering screw, to the most specified
Feeding amount.
Behind after improved chemical input 2~3min, i.e. the character of the melt of observable extruder, see that its melt is the most melted,
The most dystectic component the most fully melting mixing is uniform, and takes melt sample, with high temperature mercurial thermometer (300 DEG C of scales)
Measure melt temperature.Such as the undesirable main frame that can suitably adjust, and the operating temperature of improved chemical metering feeding spiro rod.
Often must take a sample by 2h according to the product that this technique produces, the physical chemistry delivering to inspection center test regenerated plastics refers to
Mark, identifies its modified effect, and accumulation data are so that appropriateness adjusts.
Present invention appropriate location perforate on the outer sleeve of tradition Single screw extrusion comminutor, installs the hollow pin of band check-valves additional.
Pin one end is stretched in the cavity of extruding granulator, and the other end is connected with the storage tank of protective gas.Below the storage tank of improved chemical,
Install metering feeding spiro rod additional, by preheat the improved chemical of process quantitatively clamp-on with melt form the melt zone of single screw pelletizer with
Waste or used plastics melt in main frame uniformly mixes.Complete pelletize once to complete with blending and modifying.