CN1065562C - 非水系洗净剂组合物作为洗净剂和脱水洗净剂的应用 - Google Patents
非水系洗净剂组合物作为洗净剂和脱水洗净剂的应用 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN1065562C CN1065562C CN94104356A CN94104356A CN1065562C CN 1065562 C CN1065562 C CN 1065562C CN 94104356 A CN94104356 A CN 94104356A CN 94104356 A CN94104356 A CN 94104356A CN 1065562 C CN1065562 C CN 1065562C
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- Prior art keywords
- detergent
- composition
- water system
- cleaned
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- 239000003599 detergent Substances 0.000 claims description 156
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- HMMGMWAXVFQUOA-UHFFFAOYSA-N octamethylcyclotetrasiloxane Chemical compound C[Si]1(C)O[Si](C)(C)O[Si](C)(C)O[Si](C)(C)O1 HMMGMWAXVFQUOA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
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- CXQXSVUQTKDNFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N octamethyltrisiloxane Chemical compound C[Si](C)(C)O[Si](C)(C)O[Si](C)(C)C CXQXSVUQTKDNFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dichloromethane Chemical compound ClCCl YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 125000000129 anionic group Chemical group 0.000 description 5
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- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
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- RSNQKPMXXVDJFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrasiloxane Chemical compound [SiH3]O[SiH2]O[SiH2]O[SiH3] RSNQKPMXXVDJFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 description 4
- CBENFWSGALASAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ozone Chemical compound [O-][O+]=O CBENFWSGALASAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 4
- 230000033228 biological regulation Effects 0.000 description 4
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- KPUWHANPEXNPJT-UHFFFAOYSA-N disiloxane Chemical class [SiH3]O[SiH3] KPUWHANPEXNPJT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 description 4
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- RSWGJHLUYNHPMX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Abietic-Saeure Natural products C12CCC(C(C)C)=CC2=CCC2C1(C)CCCC2(C)C(O)=O RSWGJHLUYNHPMX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl acetate Chemical compound CCOC(C)=O XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- KHPCPRHQVVSZAH-HUOMCSJISA-N Rosin Natural products O(C/C=C/c1ccccc1)[C@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O1 KHPCPRHQVVSZAH-HUOMCSJISA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 3
- WGCNASOHLSPBMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydroxyacetaldehyde Natural products OCC=O WGCNASOHLSPBMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
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- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 3
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- 125000001997 phenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 description 3
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- BTURAGWYSMTVOW-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium dodecanoate Chemical compound [Na+].CCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O BTURAGWYSMTVOW-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
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- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 description 3
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- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 229920003171 Poly (ethylene oxide) Polymers 0.000 description 2
- XSTXAVWGXDQKEL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Trichloroethylene Chemical compound ClC=C(Cl)Cl XSTXAVWGXDQKEL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- DNTNJICBAIFMQT-UHFFFAOYSA-G aluminum;calcium;magnesium;carbonate;pentahydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[Mg+2].[Al+3].[Ca+2].[O-]C([O-])=O DNTNJICBAIFMQT-UHFFFAOYSA-G 0.000 description 2
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000000484 butyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 2
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- 125000001495 ethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 2
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- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical compound [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000004417 polycarbonate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920000515 polycarbonate Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 125000001436 propyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 2
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- 125000002023 trifluoromethyl group Chemical group FC(F)(F)* 0.000 description 2
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- UOCLXMDMGBRAIB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1,1-trichloroethane Chemical compound CC(Cl)(Cl)Cl UOCLXMDMGBRAIB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XNWFRZJHXBZDAG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-METHOXYETHANOL Chemical compound COCCO XNWFRZJHXBZDAG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- WKBOTKDWSSQWDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Bromine atom Chemical compound [Br] WKBOTKDWSSQWDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorine atom Chemical compound [Cl] ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LCGLNKUTAGEVQW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethyl ether Chemical compound COC LCGLNKUTAGEVQW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OTMSDBZUPAUEDD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethane Chemical compound CC OTMSDBZUPAUEDD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000282326 Felis catus Species 0.000 description 1
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- 208000037656 Respiratory Sounds Diseases 0.000 description 1
- BLRPTPMANUNPDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silane Chemical compound [SiH4] BLRPTPMANUNPDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ULUAUXLGCMPNKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfobutanedioic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CC(C(O)=O)S(O)(=O)=O ULUAUXLGCMPNKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YFCGDEUVHLPRCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N [dimethyl(trimethylsilyloxy)silyl]oxy-dimethyl-trimethylsilyloxysilane Chemical compound C[Si](C)(C)O[Si](C)(C)O[Si](C)(C)O[Si](C)(C)C YFCGDEUVHLPRCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 238000013019 agitation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000001298 alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000004411 aluminium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000001450 anions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- RDOXTESZEPMUJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N anisole Chemical compound COC1=CC=CC=C1 RDOXTESZEPMUJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000012752 auxiliary agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 description 1
- GDTBXPJZTBHREO-UHFFFAOYSA-N bromine Substances BrBr GDTBXPJZTBHREO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052794 bromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001804 chlorine Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000000460 chlorine Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 230000002301 combined effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 210000002858 crystal cell Anatomy 0.000 description 1
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- 239000003085 diluting agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004205 dimethyl polysiloxane Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002612 dispersion medium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004945 emulsification Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
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- HTDJPCNNEPUOOQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexamethylcyclotrisiloxane Chemical compound C[Si]1(C)O[Si](C)(C)O[Si](C)(C)O1 HTDJPCNNEPUOOQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000012456 homogeneous solution Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical group [H]* 0.000 description 1
- 238000007654 immersion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009776 industrial production Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron(III) oxide Inorganic materials O=[Fe]O[Fe]=O JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000003754 machining Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002609 medium Substances 0.000 description 1
- VNKYTQGIUYNRMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N methoxypropane Chemical compound CCCOC VNKYTQGIUYNRMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011259 mixed solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003973 paint Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229920000435 poly(dimethylsiloxane) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001737 promoting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005086 pumping Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010926 purge Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007670 refining Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000630 rising effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910000077 silane Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon dioxide Inorganic materials O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000010583 slow cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002791 soaking Methods 0.000 description 1
- APSBXTVYXVQYAB-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium docusate Chemical group [Na+].CCCCC(CC)COC(=O)CC(S([O-])(=O)=O)C(=O)OCC(CC)CCCC APSBXTVYXVQYAB-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 239000012747 synergistic agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009897 systematic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001988 toxicity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 231100000419 toxicity Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000032258 transport Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007601 warm air drying Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
- C11D1/00—Detergent compositions based essentially on surface-active compounds; Use of these compounds as a detergent
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
- C11D3/00—Other compounding ingredients of detergent compositions covered in group C11D1/00
- C11D3/16—Organic compounds
- C11D3/37—Polymers
- C11D3/3703—Macromolecular compounds obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
- C11D3/373—Macromolecular compounds obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds containing silicones
- C11D3/3734—Cyclic silicones
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D12/00—Displacing liquid, e.g. from wet solids or from dispersions of liquids or from solids in liquids, by means of another liquid
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
- C11D1/00—Detergent compositions based essentially on surface-active compounds; Use of these compounds as a detergent
- C11D1/02—Anionic compounds
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
- C11D1/00—Detergent compositions based essentially on surface-active compounds; Use of these compounds as a detergent
- C11D1/02—Anionic compounds
- C11D1/12—Sulfonic acids or sulfuric acid esters; Salts thereof
- C11D1/29—Sulfates of polyoxyalkylene ethers
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
- C11D1/00—Detergent compositions based essentially on surface-active compounds; Use of these compounds as a detergent
- C11D1/02—Anionic compounds
- C11D1/34—Derivatives of acids of phosphorus
- C11D1/347—Other P-containing anionic compounds
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
- C11D1/00—Detergent compositions based essentially on surface-active compounds; Use of these compounds as a detergent
- C11D1/38—Cationic compounds
- C11D1/62—Quaternary ammonium compounds
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
- C11D1/00—Detergent compositions based essentially on surface-active compounds; Use of these compounds as a detergent
- C11D1/66—Non-ionic compounds
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
- C11D1/00—Detergent compositions based essentially on surface-active compounds; Use of these compounds as a detergent
- C11D1/88—Ampholytes; Electroneutral compounds
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
- C11D3/00—Other compounding ingredients of detergent compositions covered in group C11D1/00
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Abstract
本发明涉及非水系洗净组合物在洗净工业用部件的对象物中作为洗净剂或作为脱水洗净剂的应用,它含有选自直链聚二有机硅氧烷和环状聚二有机硅氧烷中至少一种低分子量聚有机硅氧烷,还可配合表面活性剂和/或亲水性溶剂;用它可洗净金属、玻璃和陶瓷类的部件,以及表面处理、半导体、电子、精密机械、光学等有关部件。本发明洗净剂的洗净能力可与氟类传统洗净剂比美,而且不会破坏或污染环境,稳定性好。
Description
本发明涉及一种代替氟里昂类有机溶剂洗净剂的洗净用组合物。
在金属部件、电镀部件、油漆部件,电子部件、半导体部件等各种部件制造工序中,以氟里昂113为代表的氟里昂类溶剂、和三氯乙烷、三氯乙烯、四氯乙烯、四氯化碳等有机溶剂作为能去除油污的洗净剂而广泛使用。
上述这类有机溶剂洗净剂还可用作各种部件水洗后的脱水洗净剂。这种洗净剂可以避免,当希望附着在被洗净物上的水份直接干燥时,必需处于高温(100℃以上)(能量损失大)下且花费时间因而使生产效率降低,以及因高温可能带来被洗物变形(热膨胀超过允许值)而需要冷却和热屏蔽空间而导致洗净装置的设置面积增大等问题。
本文中所说的脱水洗净剂,是指通过将水洗后的被洗净物浸渍或喷淋,与附在被洗净物上的水分置换(水置换)后,用室温或60℃以下的暧风使之挥散,从而能使被洗净物干燥的洗净剂。
最近,人们逐渐知道氟里昂的释放会破坏臭氧层,对人体和生物界有很大的影响,因此计划对臭氧破坏系数高的氟里昂12和氟里昂113的使用进行世界规模的分阶段削减,直到将来全面禁止使用。并且,对三氯乙烯和四氯乙烯等氯类有机溶剂,也注意到它们引起的土壤及地下水等环境问题,从而加强了它们的使用规定。
在这种形势下,对破坏臭氧系数比现有氟里昂类溶剂低的氟里昂类物质进行了研究,并且一部分已进行了工业生产,但即使是这些物质也不是完全不破坏臭氧层,因此并不被看成是好的替代洗净剂。
因此,作为上述有机溶剂类洗净剂的代用品,开始重新认识不引起环境破坏和环境污染、使用表面活性剂的水类洗净剂。但是,仅仅是表面活性剂的洗净剂其浸透力弱,例如,对侵入部件细小部位的污物以及中粘度至高粘度油污不能充分发挥其洗净力。
用硅氧烷类化合物去除编织物的污物在特公昭63-50463号公报中已有记载。该技术公开了采用洗净溶剂中含有效量的Si数为4-6的环状硅氧烷的液态洗净组合物,以及编织物的清洗方法。然而,上述含硅氧烷类化合物的液态洗净组合物,是以编织物为洗净对象,因此完全不考虑一般工业制品的洗净,同时由于是仅为环状硅氧烷或环状硅氧烷与有机溶剂的混合系,因此也不考虑对使用水的系统进行洗净。而这类系统,当然对水的分散性极差,即使同时使用表面活性物质也难以均匀混合,即刻产生相分离,因此不能作为水系洗净剂使用。
特开昭53-56203号公报中记述了气溶胶型水性洗净剂组合物,该水溶性洗净剂组合物中每分子配合含有2-3个硅原子的链状聚二甲基硅氧烷,其配合量规定为0.02~0.1(重量)%,因此显示不出充分提高水系洗净组合物洗净能力的效果。
因此,强烈希望发明一种不会引起环境问题,且具有足够洗净能力,同时作为洗净剂还具备能充分发挥作用而又稳定的水系洗净剂。
另一方面,作为上述有机溶剂的脱水洗净剂的代用品,研究了异丙醇之类的低级醇的使用。然而,上述异丙醇的着火点为11.7℃,比室温低,因此在通常的使用条件下常常伴有火灾的危险。而且,异丙醇与水的相溶性高,即使能保持初期的脱水性能,连续使用时产生溶解了的水再附着,因此随着时间其脱水性能不免要降低。从含这种水的异丙醇中去除水后进行精制以便再使用时,需要相当大的再投资。而且,异丙醇对人体的毒性高,因此要对它进行使用规定。
使用着火点超过室温的烃,高级醇时,除水容易一些,但由于其自身的挥发性能低,例如在低于60℃的低温下干燥困难,因此不能作为脱水洗净剂使用。
因此,本发明目的在于提供一种洗净能力能与氟里昂类有机溶剂洗净剂相比美,作为水系的稳定性等方面也很优良,且不会破坏环境和引起环境污染的水系洗净剂组合物。
本发明的另一个目的在于提供一种洗净能力能与氟里昂类有机溶剂洗净剂相比美,同时几乎没有着火之类的危险性,且不会引起环境破坏的脱水用的洗净剂组合物。
本发明之洗净剂组合物的特征是它含有由式(I)表示的直链状聚二有机硅氧烷和由式(II)表示的环状聚二有机硅氧烷中选择出来的至少一种低分子量的聚有机硅氧烷。
(II)式(式中,R1表示相同或不同的取代或非取代的一价有机基,m为3~7的整数)。
上述低分子量的聚有机硅氧烷,对污垢能发挥很强的浸透力,而且如果它们是单独形态则显示出和水的良好置换性,它是本发明中的特征成分。上述(I)式和(II)式中的R1是取代或非取代的一价有机基,例如甲基,乙基,丙基,丁基等烷基和苯基这类一价非取代烃基、三氟甲基之类的一价取代烃基等,上式(I)中末端的R1,还可例举氨基,酰胺基,丙烯酸酯基,硫氢基等,但从保持体系的稳定性和挥发性来看,最好是甲基。
本发明之洗净剂组合物大致可分为水系洗净剂和脱水洗净剂。
作为水系洗净剂使用时的低分子量聚有机硅氧烷,从浸透力和洗净性观点来看,最好是使用具有环状结构的八甲基环四硅氧烷,十甲基环五硅氧烷及其混合物、和具有直链结构的八甲基三硅氧烷,十甲基四硅氧烷等。水系洗净剂组合物的碱性强的领域,从聚硅氧烷的稳定性来看,最好是上述(I)式表示的具有直链状结构的物质。
作为脱水洗净剂使用时的低分子量聚有机硅氧烷,从水置换性、浸透性等方面来看,最好是具有环状结构的物质,八甲基环四硅氧烷、十甲基环五硅氧烷及其混合物是适用的。
以下说明将本发明之洗净剂组合物用作水系洗净剂时的情况。
上述(I)和(II)式表示的低分子量聚有机硅氧烷,如上所述对污垢能发挥很强的浸透力,但它们单独存在时对水是难溶性的,而且分散稳定性差,可能引起水中的相分离,因此,通过并用含聚氧亚烷基(是在1个分子中至少有一个式(III)所示甲硅氧烷单元的聚氧亚烷基)的聚有机硅氧烷,即能得到对水的良好分散稳定性,并且可以充分发挥上述低分子量聚有机硅氧烷对污垢的强浸透力。而且,还可通过并用表面活性剂来提高洗净性能。
式(III)(式中,R2表示烷基或苯基,A表示聚氧亚烷基)。
即本发明之水系洗净剂的最好形态是含有上述(I)式和(II)式表示的低分子量聚有机硅氧烷,和含有一个分子中至少有1个式(III)所示甲硅烷氧单元的聚氧亚烷基的聚有机硅氧烷,以及表面活性剂和水。
上述含聚氧亚烷基的聚有机硅氧烷,通过接合在硅原子上的聚氧亚烷基对水显示出亲合性,是形成稳定的水系分散液或水溶液的成分,还具有浸透污垢和被污垢覆盖的金属等基底之间的界面从而剥离污垢的作用,以及消泡作用。
在有白金系触媒存在下,将有羟基甲硅烷基(ヒドロシリル)的聚有机硅氧烷和末端有不饱和基的聚氧亚烷化合物进行加成反应即可得到这种含聚氧亚烷基的聚有机硅氧烷。
上述(III)式中A之聚氧亚烷基,可例举式(IV)表示的一价基。
形成上述含有聚氧亚烷基的聚有机硅氧烷主骨架的硅氧烷没有特别的限定。结合在该硅氧烷之硅原子上的有机基,基本上是甲基,面在不损害本发明效果的范围内,也可以是含乙基,丙基,丁基,苯基等一价烃基,和三氟甲基之类一价取代烃基的物质。
分子量和每个上述聚氧亚烷基的分子量也没有特别的限定,即使该值大的物质,由于并用表面活性剂,也能充分水溶或能稳定地进行水分散。但从实用来讲,聚氧亚烷基每一个的分子量最好是100~5000左右。在聚氧亚烷链中,整个聚氧亚烷中氧亚乙基部分最好是40摩尔%以上。
聚氧亚烷基的量没有特别的限定,从体系稳定性来看,最好是与该聚有机硅氧烷的硅原子相结合的整个有机基中的5摩尔以上为更好。
这种含有聚氧亚烷基的聚有机硅氧烷,可例举下式表示的链状聚硅氧烷,(式中,p,q、r和s表示正整数),以及下式表示的环状聚硅氧烷。(式中,t、u和v表示正整数)。
表面活性剂是将通过上述低分子量聚有机硅氧烷和含有聚氧亚烷基的聚有机硅氧烷而剥离的污垢溶解或乳化,且使之稳定化的成分。
这种表面活性剂,根据发挥活性的化学结构,可分成阳离子类、阴离子类、非离子类、两性类以及它们的复合类,本发明可使用其中的任何一类。但是,考虑与上述含聚氧亚烷基的聚有机硅氧烷的组合效果时,最好是使用阴离子类,非离子类或两性类作表面活性剂,特别是使用阴离子类/非离子类组合,或两性类/非离子类组合成的表面活性剂,可以得到由它而获得的洗净性和由上述含低分子量聚有机硅氧烷及含聚氧亚烷基的聚有机硅氧烷而获得的浸透性两方面的显著相乘效果。
这些表面活性剂中,对本发明最适用的是,可例举聚氧亚烷基烷基醚磺酸盐,磷酸酯等阴离子类表面活性剂、多价醇脂肪酸酯,聚氧亚烷基脂肪酸酯,聚氧亚烷烷基醚等非离子类表面活性剂,咪唑啉衍生物等两性表面活性剂、烷基胺盐、烷基季铵盐等阳离子类表面活性剂、其它很少以单一物质存在,但可例举从天然物中提取的萜烯类化合物和高级脂肪酸酯等。还可采用将上述各种化合物之化学结构的一部分用氟原子和硅原子取代的合成化合物。
上述4种成分的水系洗净剂中其组成比,没有特别限定,但最好是相对于含聚氧亚烷基的聚有机硅氧烷100重量份,以10~1000重量份的范围配合表面活性剂;相对于上述表面活性剂和含聚氧亚烷基的聚有机硅氧烷合计100重量份,按不超过1000重量份配合低分子量聚有机硅氧烷。如果表面活性剂的配合量过少,洗净力减弱;如果过多,则浸透力变弱。如果低分子量聚有机硅氧烷配合量过多,不容易分散在体系中,而且作为水系组合物的稳定性能降低。上述表面活性剂的配合比,相对于含聚氧亚烷基的聚有机硅氧烷100重置份,可为30~700重量份,更好是在50~300重量范围内。低分子量聚有机硅氧烷的较好配合比为10~1000重量份范围。上述4种成份的水系洗净剂中水的配合量,没有特别的限定,但从洗净剂的稳定性来看,在整个组合物中占40(重量)%以上为好,最好是70~99.5(重量)%的范围。
含有一个分子中至少有1个上述式(III)所示之硅烷氧单元的聚氧亚烷基的聚有机硅氧烷,其自身也能浸透上述污垢和其覆盖的金属等基底的界面而具有使污垢剥离的作用,因此,上述含聚氧亚烷基的聚有机硅氧烷,表面活性剂和水的三种成分体系也可以发挥水系洗净剂的效果。此种情况下,可按上述4种成分体系的水系洗净剂配合比配合。
上述三种成分或四种成分的水系洗净剂,最好是根据日本工业标准规格JIS纤维织物试验方法规定的浸透性评价帆布法测得的室温下的数据为15以下,10以下,5以下,设计其配合比。这些水系洗净剂的洗净性能取决于液体本身的pH值,因此最好调节在碱性域中。更好的pH值是8~14的范围。
上述这种三成分或四成分体系的水系洗净剂是将上述含聚氧亚烷基的聚有机硅氧烷、表面活性剂和水,以及根据需要添加的上述(1)式和(II)式表示的低分子量聚有机硅氧烷进行混合、搅拌就能获得。混合时,使用公知的分散装置就能很容易地得到水系洗净剂。
上述水系洗净剂中,还可根据污物的性质、数量、附着状态,洗净条件等,作为洗涤的助剂和提高洗净后的附加价值的试剂,还可配合普通水溶性洗净剂中添加的pH调整剂、吸附剂、固形粒状物、合成增效剂、防锈剂、防带电剂等,根据用途表示其重要位置。
本发明之水系洗净剂的使用对象是金属、陶瓷、塑料等,具体地说,是金属部件,表面处理部件、电子部件、半导体部件,电器部件,精密机械部件、光学部件,玻璃部件、陶瓷部件等。广泛使用的洗净流程具体例,是将上述作为洗净对象的各种部件,经过超声波、机械搅拌、喷淋等洗净后,用水洗(纯水和离子交换水为好)、热风干燥进行脱水是一般方法。洗净后的含污洗净组合物处理,是用过滤器等分离污物后,用一般排水处理技术,可以很容易达到无公害化。
上述本发明之水系洗净剂,由于式(I)和(II)所示之低分子量聚氧亚烷对污垢和基底之间界面的强浸透力,和表面活性剂对污垢的洗净力,可以得到与以前使用的氟里昂类相比美的洗净效果,由于并用含有聚氧亚烷基的聚有机硅氧烷,则可得到水系中良好的分散稳定性。即使是含聚氧亚烷基的聚有机硅氧烷,表面活性剂和水组成的三成分体系,由于含聚氧亚烷基的聚有机硅氧烷对污垢的浸透力,也能得到足够的洗净效果。而且,由于是水系,因此也不必担心环境破坏和环境污染。因此可以说本发明之水系洗净剂是有环境污染问题的氟里昂类等有机溶剂洗净剂的有效代用洗净剂。
以下,说明本发明之洗净剂组合物用作脱水洗净剂时的情况。
本文中,所谓脱水洗净剂,是以可用上述低分子量聚有机硅氧烷取代的代表性液体一水为例子命名的物质,本发明之洗净组合物还可以用作取代·洗净其它液体时的脱液洗净剂。作为其对象的液体最好是对上述低分子量聚有机硅氧烷是不溶性的或难溶的,且表面张力比低分子量聚有机硅氧烷大的液体。此外,作为洗净对象的水,是含有用水作分散介质的各种液体,例如其中溶解了混有醇的混合液及各种物质的液体。
上述式(I)和(II)表示的低分子量聚有机硅氧烷,如前所述,它们单独时显示出良好的与水的置换性,用60℃以下的暖风挥散,很容易进行干燥。
作为这种脱水洗净剂,实际上即使是由上述低分子量聚有机硅氧烷形成的,也可以充分地得到其效果,而在上述低分子量聚有机硅氧烷中配合表面活性剂和/或亲水性溶剂而形成的组合物,还可以赋予优良的洗净性、脱水性等。
上述表面活性剂是能提高脱水性和提高洗净性的物质。适用于本发明的表面活性剂,可例举聚氧亚烷基烷基醚磺酸盐,磷酸酯等阴离子表面活性剂、多价醇酯肪酸酯、聚氧亚烷基脂肪酸酯、聚氧亚烷基烷基醚等非离子表面活性剂,咪唑啉衍生物等两性表面活性剂、烷基胺盐、烷基季铵盐等阳离子表面活性剂,其它很少以单一物质存在,但可例举从天然物中提取的萜烯类化合物和高级脂肪酸酯等。还可采用将上述各种化合物之化学结构的一部分用氟原子和硅原子取代的合成化合物。特别是如果考虑与低分子量聚有机硅氧烷组合而成的洗净剂的效果时,最好使用非离子表面活性剂。
表面活性剂的组成比,没有特别限定,但相对于低分子量聚有机硅氧烷100重量份,最好是20重量份以下,更好不超过3重量份。
上述亲水性溶剂,可采用对低分子量聚有机硅氧烷有相溶性的物质,特别是着火点在40℃以上的物质最适用。这种亲水性溶剂还可提高水置换性。
这种亲水性溶剂,可例举乙二醇单甲基醚、乙二醇单乙基醚,乙二醇单丙基醚,乙二醇单丁基醚,乙二醇单苯基醚乙酸酯、二乙二醇单丁基醚等多价醇及其衍生物等,考虑与低分子量的有机硅氧烷的相溶性和对人体的安全性等,最好是二乙二醇单丁基醚。这些化合物,与低分子量聚有机硅氧烷共存时能提高其挥发性,因此仅仅是该配合物的水置换,也能干燥之。
亲水性溶剂的组合比没有特别限定,但相对于低分子量聚有机硅氧烷100重量份,为100重量份以下,最好是50重量份。
上述脱水洗净剂的使用对象是金属、陶瓷、塑料等,更具体地说,是金属部件,表面处理部件,电子部件、半导体部件、电器部件、精密机械部件,光学部件、玻璃部件,陶瓷部件等。使用上述脱水洗净剂时广泛使用的洗净流程,具体地说,一般是将上述这种清洗对象物浸渍在本发明之脱水洗净剂中,或者是在对象物上喷涂本发明之脱水洗净剂,进行水置换后,用暖风干燥。上述浸渍和喷涂时还可并用超声波、机械搅拌等。
上述本发明之脱水洗净剂具有很强的脱水性,因而可得到与以前使用的氟里昂类等相同的洗净·水置换效果,而且浸蚀性极低,可对各种基材进行稳定的洗净。由于其构成成分中基本上不含氯和溴这种囟族元素,因此几乎不可能有氟里昂类有机溶剂脱水洗净剂带来的环境破坏和环境污染问题。因此,本发明之脱水剂可以说是有环境污染问题的氟里昂类有机溶剂洗净剂的有效代用脱水洗净剂。
附图简单说明。
图1示出使用本发明之脱水洗净剂的洗净装置结构例。
以下通过实施例详细说明本发明。
首先,就将本发明之洗净组合物用于水系洗净剂的实施例进行说明。
实施例1
其次,将以下各成分分别按规定量称重,使得以上(V)式所示(A1)的聚氧亚烷改性的聚硅氧烷∶上述(VI)式所示(A2)的聚氧亚烷改性的聚硅氧烷∶表面活性剂月桂酸钠(B1)和聚氧亚乙基辛基苯基醚(B2)(聚氧亚乙基∶20摩尔)∶水的重量比为5∶5∶4∶82,然后将它们投入混匀器中搅拌混合,得到水系洗净剂组合物P1。
实施例2
将Al之含聚氧亚烷基的聚有机硅氧烷,作为表面活性剂的(B1)月桂酸钠及(B2)聚氧亚乙基辛基苯基醚(B2)和水按表1所示之组成比进行定量称置,与实施例1同样,得到水系洗净组合物P2。
实施例3-5
各自选择使用(A1)及(A2)的含聚氧亚烷的聚有机硅氧烷、作为表面活性剂的上述(B1),(B2)及(B3)的磺基琥珀酸二辛基钠,以及作为低分子聚有机硅氧烷的八甲基四硅氧烷(D1)和八甲基三硅氧烷(D2),以及水,按实施例1同样方法,分别制作表1所示组成比的水系组合物P3~P5。
对比例1~3
除了不使用含聚氧亚烷基的聚有机硅氧烷外,其它均与上述实施例相同,按表1所示之组成比,制作3种水系洗净剂组合物。
用下述方法测定实施例1~5及对比例1~3之各水系洗净剂组合物作为洗净剂的诸特性,并分别评价之,其结果示于表1。
(1)浸透性评价试验
按帆布法/JIB法测定。数值越小表示浸透性越高,有利于细小部位的洗净。
(2)洗净力评价试验
将锭子油涂在钢板上,在135℃烘烤48小时制得试验片。测定将该试验片上烘干的油脂洗净(超声波洗净)所需要的时间。数值越小表示洗净力越强。
(3)稳定性试验
将各洗净剂放入容积为200ml的透明玻璃瓶中密封之,在50℃下加温6小时后缓冷至25℃,观察其外观。
表1
实施例 | 对比例 | |||||||||
1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 1 | 2 | 3 | |||
组成比(重量%) | 聚氧亚烷基改性聚硅氧烷 | A1 | 5 | 0.5 | 1.0 | - | 10 | - | - | - |
A2 | 5 | - | - | 1.0 | - | - | - | - | ||
表面活性剂 | B1 | 4 | 0.8 | 0.3 | 0.3 | 4 | 1.2 | 0.8 | 0.8 | |
B2 | 4 | 0.7 | 0.4 | 0.5 | - | 0.8 | 0.7 | 0.7 | ||
B3 | - | - | - | - | 0.5 | - | 0.5 | - | ||
水 | 82 | 98 | 98 | 98 | 82 | 98 | 98 | 98 | ||
低分子量聚有机硅氧烷 | D1 | - | - | - | 0.2 | 3.5 | - | - | 0.5 | |
D2 | - | - | 0.3 | - | - | - | - | - | ||
评价结果 | 浸透性(帆布法)秒 | 7 | 8 | 4 | 3 | 2 | 25 | 22 | 18 | |
洗净力·分 | 14 | 14 | 12 | 11 | 7 | 22 | 23 | 17 | ||
稳定性 | 稳定 | 稳定 | 稳定 | 稳定 | 稳定 | 稳定 | 稳定 | 分离 |
由表1所示评价结果可清楚地看出,本发明之水系洗净剂无论是洗净力和浸透力都很优良,可以用在以前氟里昂类溶剂洗净剂使用的用途,而且稳定性很好,因此实用性也高。与此相反,对比例的水系洗净剂,无论是洗净力和浸透力都不能满足。
以下,对使用本发明之洗净剂洗净具体对象物的例子加以说明。
实施例6
在液晶装置的制造工序中,将液晶元作成高真空后再将液晶材料封入装置中。此时,用排气性能大的扩散真空泵进行排气处理,扩散油慢慢形成喷雾进入真空系统,因此需要经常对泵进行洗净以便除去油。
本实施例是用本发明之水系洗净剂代替以前使用的三乙烷洗净剂的具体例。
即,被洗净物是泵部件,它是由附着扩散油为硅油F-4(信越化学(株)制)的不锈钢SUS 304及其上镀Ni的材质构成。
使用的水系洗净剂配合如下所示。
另一方面,作为表面活性剂,将特殊非离子型アデカノ-ルB-4001(旭电化(株)制)8(重量)%,和有硫酸酯プルロニツク结构的阴离子型TWA-2023(一方社油脂(株)制)6(重量)%混合之,将其混合物加入上述水/硅氧烷溶液中。
由此得到的水系洗净剂以任意比例用离子交换水稀释,用于上述硅油F-4的洗净试验,可分为用10倍量水稀释,在常温下1分钟搅拌浸渍;用30倍水量稀释,40℃下1分钟摇动浸溃,或20℃1分钟超声波洗净;50倍稀释,50℃下1分钟超声波洗净,试验结果表明都能充分洗净去除油污。
与本发明比较之,使用上述洗净剂组合物中没有含聚氧亚烷基的聚有机硅氧烷、仅为上述表面活性剂组成体系,进行同样的洗净,即使并用超声波且10倍稀释量,经过常温下超过10分钟的浸渍,也不能洗净且残留硅油。因此,在该浓度且同一条件下,需要65℃以上处理时间超过5分钟。
该结果表示本发明之含聚氧亚烷基的聚有机硅氧烷洗净剂具有超群的洗净效果。
实施例7
本发明之含聚氧亚烷基的聚有机硅氧烷以及低分子量聚有机硅氧烷也能大大提高市售水溶性洗净剂的洗净效果。
作为机械部件和金属部件洗净所常用的、含表面活性剂的发泡性、防锈性洗净剂ケミクリ-ン MS-109水溶液(三洋化成工业(株)制)65(重量)%中、混入实施例1中使用的上述(V)式所示的聚氧亚烷基改性聚硅氧烷(A1)3(重量)%及环状六甲基环三硅氧烷5(重量)%,离子交换水17(重量)%,配制成新型洗净组合物。
用离子交换水按20倍稀释该组合物,根据下述方法评价洗净性。其结果于示表2。作为对比例,还记载了关于テミクリ-ンMS-109市售洗净剂的20倍水稀释的物质。
试验方法
(1)洗净试验-1
将经过脱脂的铝板(AC-4A)上浸渍涂覆下述污物,然后风干之,在搅拌下(400rpm)浸渍在各洗净液(20倍稀释液)中达15秒-1分钟。随之,浸在水中后风干,用胶带复制污物后贴在白纸上,用色度计测定其反射率求出洗净率。
污染物
锭油 78%
脂肪酸酯 15%
氯化石蜡 5%
碳黑 2%
洗净率(%)=Rw-Rs/Ro-Rs
Ro:=原白纸的反射率
Rs:=标准污染板的反射率
Rw:=洗净后的污染板反射率
(2)洗净试验-2
做法与上述洗净试验1相同,但污染物质是在水溶性切削油(乳胶系)中加碳黑2%。与上述相同,求出洗净率。
表2
浸渍时间 洗净率(%)
(秒) 本发明 MS-109洗净试验1 15 72.4 59.0
30 86.5 65.2
60 100.0 67.8洗净试验2 15 81.7 58.0
30 93.8 71.0
对作为市售水系洗净剂的超效力洗净液EP-680(イ-ピ-ヅヤパン(株)制)、乳胶型脱脂洗净剂バンライD-20(常盘化学工业(株)制)、强力特殊洗净液ヒカリエ-ス(昭光通商(株))进行同样试验,结果是,通过并用本发明之含聚氧亚烷的聚有机硅氧烷以及低分子量的聚有机硅氧烷,可得到格外好的洗净性。
实施例8
本发明之水系洗净剂,对印刷电路板上进行部件实装(配线)时使用的焊药的洗净也显示出显著效果。焊药可分为松香类和水溶类,而松香类最难洗净,因此就此类实施例加以说明。
作为将部件焊在印刷电路板上的前处理工序,是将WW系松香酯涂覆后,通过230~250℃的焊料浴从而完成配线。确认用下述水系洗净剂,经过35℃,45秒的喷淋清洗,即可完全去除焊药。
此处所用的水系洗净组合物是,下述(VII)式表示的含聚氧亚烷基的聚有机硅氧烷2(重量)%,两性表面活性剂センカノ-ルFM(日本染化(株)制)3(重量)%及钠·N-ココイルレメチタウリン系非离子表面活性剂ニツコ-ルCTM-30(日本サ-コアクタント(株)制)5重量%,用离子交换水配合成100(重量)%。将该组合物用离子交换水稀剂成10倍量后,经过MIL-F-14256C规范(美国)的清洁加速时效试验,表面绝缘阻抗试验,油残渣试验等,结果这些试验均能满足。
以下,对将本发明之洗净剂组合物用于脱水洗净剂时的实施例进行说明。
实施例9~17
作为低分子量聚有机硅氧烷,准备八甲基三硅氧烷(E1),八甲基四硅氧烷(E2)及十甲基五硅氧烷(E3);作为表面活性剂,准备聚氧亚乙基油醚(F1)(P.O.E=6mol)及聚氧亚乙基辛基苯基醚(F2)(P.O.E=10mol);作为亲水性溶剂,准备二乙醇单丁基醚(G1)。
选择使用上述各成分,按表3所示之组成比配制成各种脱水洗净剂。
对比例4-8
作为以前使用的脱水洗净剂,准备氟里昂113,二氯甲烷,异丙醇及乙醇,按表3所示之组成比调制成5种脱水洗净剂。
用下述方法分别评价实施例9~17及对比例4-8的脱水洗净剂的各种特性。其结果示于表3。
(1)脱水性
将各种基材(不锈钢板、陶瓷、聚碳酸酯、镀Ni钢板)水洗后,浸渍在各种洗净剂中。对实施例13~15的脱水洗净剂,再分别以采用的低分子量聚有机硅氧烷进行洗涤。其后,在50℃的烘箱进行干燥。对干燥后的水渍(水垢引起的污点)用目视或扫描型电子显微镜观察,根据以下基准评价。
XX:脱水工序中基材被浸蚀,以至于不可评价。
X:用目视观察到水渍。
○:用目视观察不到水渍;
◎:用扫描显微镜观察不到50μm以上的水渍。
(2)连续脱水性
以不锈钢板作为基材,进行50次的脱水性试验后,与上述(1)相同,对其外观进行评价。
(3)干燥性
将不锈钢板浸渍在各洗净剂中后,在50℃烘箱中干燥,每5分钟用手指触摸,看是否干燥,以5分钟为单位记录其时间。
表3
*:产生溶剂裂纹。
实施例 | 对比例 | |||||||||||||||
9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | |||
组成比(重量份) | 低分子量聚有机硅氧烷 | E1 | 100 | - | - | 50 | 100 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
E2 | - | 100 | 50 | 50 | - | 100 | 100 | 100 | - | 50 | - | - | - | - | ||
E3 | - | - | 50 | - | - | - | - | - | 100 | - | - | - | - | - | ||
表面活性剂 | F1 | - | - | - | - | 0.3 | 0.3 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | |
F2 | - | - | - | - | - | - | 0.2 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | ||
亲水性溶剂 | G1 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 10 | 20 | - | - | - | - | - | |
二氯甲烷 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 50 | 100 | - | - | - | ||
氟里昂113 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 100 | 96 | - | ||
乙醇 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 4 | - | ||
异丙醇 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 100 | ||
脱水性 | 不锈钢 | ◎ | ◎ | ◎ | ◎ | ◎ | ◎ | ◎ | ◎ | ◎ | ○ | ○ | ◎ | ◎ | ◎ | |
陶瓷 | ○ | ○ | ○ | ○ | ◎ | ◎ | ◎ | ◎ | ◎ | × | × | ○ | ◎ | ◎ | ||
聚碳酸酯 | ◎ | ◎ | ◎ | ◎ | ◎ | ◎ | ◎ | ◎ | ◎ | XX | XX | ◎ | ◎ | XX* | ||
镀Ni钢板 | ◎ | ◎ | ◎ | ◎ | ◎ | ◎ | ◎ | ◎ | ◎ | XX | XX | ◎ | ◎ | ◎ | ||
连续脱水性 | ◎ | ◎ | ◎ | ◎ | ◎ | ◎ | ◎ | ◎ | ◎ | ○ | ○ | ◎ | ◎ | × | ||
干燥性50℃烘箱(分) | 10 | 5 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 5 | 5 | 10 | 15 | 5 | 5 | <5 | <5 | <5 |
由表3所示评价结果可清楚地看出,本发明之脱水洗净剂,无论是那种,其脱水性都很优良,可以在以前使用氟里昂类等有机溶剂洗净剂的用途中充分利用。
此外,对比例4和5之使用二氯甲烷和异丙醇的洗净剂,对金属膜和塑料有致锈性和浸蚀性。与此相反,本发明之脱水洗净剂,对金属膜和塑料都很稳定,而且对表面粗糙度大的陶瓷也具有充够的脱水性,对金属部件、电镀部件、电子部件,半导体部件,塑料部件,陶瓷部件等也具有足够的可靠性。此外,异丙醇和水有相溶性,因此可能导致基材上再次粘附水。
而且,由于配合使用表面活性剂和亲水溶剂,则可进一步提高脱水性。对工业用途是有效的。
以下参照图1说明使用本发明之脱水洗净剂的洗净装置实例。
图1所示之洗净装置大致由洗净·水置换工序A和净化·脱水工序B构成。
第1工序之洗净·水置换工序A中,设置同时具有沉降分离功能和溢流分离功能的第1洗净槽1及第2洗净槽2和脱液槽3。上述第1洗净槽1及第2洗净槽2之间,用排放管2a和溢流管2b连结。第1洗净槽1和第二洗净槽上,根据需要还可并用超声波,摇动、机械搅拌,洗净剂加温,冲洗等装置。
上述第1及第2洗净槽1、2中,分别收容本发明之脱水洗净剂中,在低分子量聚有机硅氧烷中添加了表面活性剂的洗净剂D1。含该表面活性剂的洗净剂D1,可将其比重设计得比水小但比油脂类污物大。因此,由被洗净物X带入的水Y,分别被沉降分离在收容在第1及第2洗净槽中含表面活性剂的洗净剂D1的下方。被洗净物X上附着油脂类污物Z时,油脂类污物Z则上浮在第1和第2洗净槽1、2收容的含表面活性剂的洗净剂D1的上方从而被分离。
第2洗净槽2中沉降分离的水Y,通过排放管2a间歇地在排到第1洗净槽1侧。而第1洗净槽1中沉降分离的水Y,通过配管4间歇地排向下述洗净剂再生机构C。设在脱液槽3上的排管3a也和洗净剂再生机构C相接。
第1洗净槽1及第2洗净槽2中上浮分离的油脂类污染Z,顺着溢流,经过设在第1洗净槽1上的溢流管5,排到系统外。
收容在第1洗净槽1和第2洗净槽2内的含表面活性剂的洗净剂D1,平时通过过滤器6循环,利用过滤器6除去洗净剂D1中的固体物,水粒子,末溶解物质等。
在第二工序之净化·脱水工序B中,设置第3洗净槽7和喷淋槽8。喷淋槽8的下方,设有缓冲罐9,该缓冲罐9和第3洗净槽7之间,用排放管9a和溢流管9b连结。该第3洗净槽7,也可根据需要,并用超声波、摇动、机械搅拌、洗净剂加温、冲洗等装置。
上述第3洗净槽7中,收容与上述第1工序A中使用的低分子量聚有机硅氧烷相同仅为聚硅氧烷组合物的洗净剂D2。该洗净剂D2可以设定其比重比水小,但比油脂性污物大。因此,与第1工序A的洗净槽相同,水Y被沉降分离在洗净剂D2的下方,而油脂类污物Z上浮分离在洗净剂D2的上方。
第3洗净槽7中沉降分离出来的水Y,通过排放管10间歇地排往洗净剂再生机构C。而在第3洗涤分离槽中上浮分离的油脂系污物Z,由溢流管11排到系统外。
收容在第3洗净槽7内的洗净剂D2,平常是通过过滤器12循环,用该过滤器12除去洗净剂D2中的固体物,水粒子,未溶解的物质等。
被洗净物X从第1工序A顺次送往第2工序B,进行洗净和脱水后,通过图示省略的暖风干燥器进行干燥处理,从而结束洗净工序。
以下叙述上述洗净装置中洗净剂的回收·再使用。
如上所述,设在第1、第2、第3洗净槽1、2、7及脱液槽3上的排放管4、3a,10,均与洗净剂再生机构C相连接。收容在各洗净槽中的洗净剂D1或D2,通过过滤器6,12进行常时净化,而洗净剂污染严重时,通过各排放管4、10,用洗净剂再生机构C中的送水泵13泵送,然后分馏精制。留在脱液槽3中洗净剂D1也间歇地送到洗净剂再生机构C。
洗净剂再生机构C中,首先由过滤器14进行液体和固体的分离,固体成分被废弃,仅将液体成分送往蒸馏器15。该蒸馏器15中,利用洗净剂中的各成分,水,油脂系污物等的沸点不同,进行分离。残留在蒸馏器15中的水分等通过倾析器16进一步分离。
此处,由于上述洗净剂装置使用的洗净剂中,洗净剂D1是在仅为低分子量聚有机硅烷的洗净剂D2中添加表面剂而形成的,因此,可以分别从洗净剂D1和洗净剂D2中分离提取低分子量聚有机硅氧烷,即洗净剂D2,并使洗净剂D2再生。而再生洗净剂D2以外的成分,即表面活性剂和水分等废弃之。
这种再生过的洗净剂D2,通过配管17送往将洗净剂D1供给喷淋槽88、第3洗净槽7或第2洗净槽2的配合器18中。
喷淋槽8中,用上述再生洗净剂D2或由洗净剂供给配管19输送来的新洗净剂D2,仅用不含杂质的洗净剂D2进行喷淋洗净。
配合器18中,将再生成或新的洗净剂D,以及由表面活性剂供给管送来的新表面活性剂进行混合,配制成新的洗净剂D。这种洗净剂D1,根据需要,供给第2洗净槽2。
由于使用了具有上述构成的洗净装置,因此能有效地使用本发明之脱水洗净剂,同时可充分发挥脱水洗净剂的特性。
如上所述,本发明之洗净剂组合物,如果作为水系洗净剂使用,则可以得到与以前使用的氟里昂系相比美的洗净效果,而且对于没有环境破坏和环境污染问题的水系来说具有良好稳定性,因此可以作为带来环境问题的氟里昂系等有机溶剂洗净剂的代用品使用。此外,作为脱水剂使用时,则具有很强的脱水性且不用担心环境破坏和环境污染问题,因此,可作为带来环境问题的氟里昂系等有机溶剂脱水洗净剂的代用品使用。
实施例18-22
选用下述成份,按实施例1的同样方法,分别制成表1a所示组分比的水系洗净剂p6-p10。
聚有机硅氧烷:采用(A1)和下述(A3),它为含有聚氧亚烷基的聚有机硅氧烷。
Claims (17)
2.根据权利要求1所述的非水系洗净组合物作为洗净剂的应用,其特征在于,所述洗净组合物只由低分子量聚有机硅氧烷和表面活性剂构成。
3.根据权利要求2所述的非水系洗净组合物作为洗净剂的应用,其特征在于,所述表面活性剂是非离子型的表面活性剂。
4.根据权利要求3所述的非水系洗净组合物作为洗净剂的应用,其特征在于,所述非离子型表面活性剂是选自多价醇脂肪酸酯、聚氧亚烷基脂肪酸酯、聚氧亚烷基烷基醚中的至少一种。
5.根据权利要求2所述的非水系洗净组合物作为洗净剂的应用,其特征在于,相对于所述低分子量聚有机硅氧烷100重量份,所述洗净组合物含表面活性剂20重量份以下。
6.根据权利要求1所述的非水系洗净组合物作为洗净剂的应用,其特征在于,所述非水系洗净组合物只由所述低分子量聚硅氧烷和亲水性溶剂构成。
7.根据权利要求1所述的非水系洗净组合物作为洗净剂的应用,其特征在于,所述非水系洗净组合物只由所述低分量聚硅氧烷和表面活性剂和亲水性溶剂构成。
8.根据权利要求1所述的非水系洗净组合物作为洗净剂的应用,其特征在于,所述洗净剂的洗净对象物是选自金属、陶瓷和塑料中的至少一种。
9.根据权利要求1所述的非水系洗净组合物作为洗净剂的应用,其特征在于,所述洗净对象物是选自金属部件、玻璃部件、陶瓷部件、表面处理部件、电子部件、半导体部件、电器部件、精密机械部件以及光学部件中的至少一种。
11.根据权利要求10所述的非水系洗净组合物作为脱水洗净剂的应用,其特征在于,所述非水系洗净组合物只由低分子量聚有机硅氧烷和表面活性剂构成。
12.根据权利要求11所述的非水系洗净组合物作为脱水洗净剂的应用,其特征在于,所述非水系洗净组合物只由低分子量聚有机硅氧烷和亲水性溶剂构成。
13.根据权利要求10所述的非水系洗净组合物作为脱水洗净剂的应用,其特征在于,所述非水系洗净组合物只由低分子量聚有机硅氧烷和表面活性剂以及亲水性溶剂构成。
14.根据权利要求10、12和13中任何一项所述的非水系洗净组合物作为脱水洗净剂的应用,其特征在于,所述亲水性溶剂的着火点在40℃以上。
15.根据权利要求10所述的非水性洗净组合物作为脱水洗净剂的应用,其特征在于,所述低分子量聚有机硅氧烷是环状聚二有机硅氧烷。
16.根据权利要求15所述的非水性洗净组合物作为脱水洗净剂的应用,其特征在于,所述环状聚二有机硅氧烷是八甲基环四硅氧烷,或十甲基环五硅氧烷或它们的混合物。
17.根据权利要求10所述的非水性洗净组合物作为脱水洗净剂的应用,其特征在于,所述脱水对象液至少含水。
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JP3042002B2 (ja) | 1991-04-09 | 2000-05-15 | ブラザー工業株式会社 | プリンタ |
US5454972A (en) * | 1994-09-15 | 1995-10-03 | Dow Corning Corporation | Azeotropes of octamethyltrisiloxane and n-propoxypropanol |
US5456856A (en) * | 1995-01-18 | 1995-10-10 | Dow Corning Corporation | Azeotrope and azeotrope-like compositions of octamethyltrisiloxane |
US5501811A (en) * | 1995-04-24 | 1996-03-26 | Dow Corning Corporation | Azeotropes of octamethyltrisiloxane and aliphatic or alicyclic alcohols |
US5492647A (en) * | 1995-05-08 | 1996-02-20 | Dow Corning Corporation | Octamethylcyclotetrasiloxane azeotropes |
JP3042002U (ja) | 1997-03-31 | 1997-10-07 | 株式会社オートセット | 共回り防止付地中地盤の改良装置 |
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1990
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- 1990-10-24 MY MYPI90001859A patent/MY107434A/en unknown
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- 1990-10-25 WO PCT/JP1990/001372 patent/WO1991006621A1/ja active IP Right Grant
- 1990-10-25 RU SU4895125A patent/RU2104331C1/ru active
- 1990-10-25 DE DE69031030T patent/DE69031030T2/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1990-10-25 KR KR1019910700233A patent/KR930007226B1/ko not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1990-10-25 CA CA002034488A patent/CA2034488C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1990-10-25 DE DE69034057T patent/DE69034057T2/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1990-10-25 EP EP95110315A patent/EP0673995A3/en not_active Withdrawn
- 1990-10-25 EP EP90915830A patent/EP0458969B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1990-10-25 EP EP95110316A patent/EP0673996B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1990-10-25 SG SG1996004548A patent/SG47816A1/en unknown
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1991
- 1991-02-28 US US07651370 patent/US5443747B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
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1994
- 1994-04-22 CN CN94104357A patent/CN1042353C/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1994-04-22 CN CN94104356A patent/CN1065562C/zh not_active Expired - Lifetime
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1995
- 1995-05-05 US US08/435,159 patent/US5728228A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1995-05-05 US US08/436,026 patent/US5741365A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1995-06-07 US US08/485,905 patent/US5716456A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1995-06-07 US US08/485,904 patent/US6136766A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1995-06-07 US US08/472,309 patent/US5977040A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1995-06-07 US US08/485,903 patent/US5985810A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1995-06-07 US US08/485,906 patent/US5741367A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
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1998
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US3498922A (en) * | 1966-10-18 | 1970-03-03 | Us Navy | Method of displacing liquid organic films from solid surfaces |
US3511708A (en) * | 1966-10-18 | 1970-05-12 | Us Navy | Method for displacing liquid organic films from solid surfaces |
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