CN1074318C - 吸入器 - Google Patents

吸入器

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CN1074318C
CN1074318C CN95193264A CN95193264A CN1074318C CN 1074318 C CN1074318 C CN 1074318C CN 95193264 A CN95193264 A CN 95193264A CN 95193264 A CN95193264 A CN 95193264A CN 1074318 C CN1074318 C CN 1074318C
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liquid
inhaler
fibre bundle
drop
outlet nozzle
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CN1149265A (zh
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R·A·科菲
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Electrosols Ltd
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05B—SPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
    • B05B5/00—Electrostatic spraying apparatus; Spraying apparatus with means for charging the spray electrically; Apparatus for spraying liquids or other fluent materials by other electric means
    • B05B5/025—Discharge apparatus, e.g. electrostatic spray guns
    • B05B5/0255—Discharge apparatus, e.g. electrostatic spray guns spraying and depositing by electrostatic forces only
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
    • A61M15/00—Inhalators

Abstract

一种吸入器，其包括：用于供给液体的装置；和用于在供给液体装置的出口喷嘴处产生电场的装置，通过将一电极连接至出口喷嘴，使从出口喷嘴流出的液体形成电动液压动力喷束，该喷束分解为供给上呼吸道的带电液滴的喷雾，其特征在于：液体出口喷嘴(12)包括一束疏松的纤维束，该纤维束形成端部是尖端(13)的锥形。

Description

吸入器
本发明涉及一种用于细分液体的吸入器，以及这种吸入器的应用，尤其在药物方面的应用。
已知的鼻腔喷雾通常是用机械装置产生的液滴喷雾。但如此生成的喷雾包含着液滴直径处于很宽范围内的液滴，这将显著降低命中准确性及用药剂量的精确性。喷雾的这种不均匀性造成对药品极大的浪费。
已知的各种分配装置是由静电装置(更准确地说叫做电动液压动力学装置)将液体分成细微的液滴喷雾。在这种装置中，液滴喷雾是由对一喷雾头或喷雾尖端施加一电场而产生的。该电场的电势足够高，从而可使从喷雾头流出的液体细分。这样产生的液滴带电，由此因相互排斥可防止凝聚。
英国专利No.1569707描述了一种特别是用于作物喷雾的电动液压动力学喷雾装置。该专利中所述的喷雾装置的基本部件是一场强化电极，其与喷雾头相邻。据称，此场强化电极可减小电晕放电事故并能在喷雾期间使用较低的电场强度。
美国专利US4801086公开了一种产生多喷束的电动液压动力学喷雾装置。
英国专利No.2018627B公开了一种电动液压动力学喷雾装置，其中液滴喷雾是完全或部分由一触地电极放电，该触地电极具有一个锐利的或尖的端部并位于该喷雾头下游。该GB2018627B所述的喷雾装置不包括GB156907中所述的场强化电极。
欧洲专利No.0234842公开了一种利用电动液压动力学喷雾技术的吸入器。使用时，该带电液滴喷雾在吸入之前由一尖锐的放电电极放电，该放电电极带有与该液滴喷雾电性相反的电荷并处于该喷雾头的下游。液滴被放电后可以准确地喷入使用者的下呼吸道中，而得以有效地避免液滴附着于使用者的口腔及喉咙中。
WO92/15339描述一种用于香精油蒸发的静电蒸气悬浮体产生器。在该产生器中，将一调节了的直流电用在灯芯状的疏松放射器或产生器组合，该组合供应将要蒸发的液体。如图2所示，灯芯组合包括由陶瓷纤维制成的中心电极组合，在陶瓷纤维中嵌有不锈钢电线。该中心电极组合由一玻璃纤维编织物所覆盖，织物为套筒形并由许多各自的细丝状的细纤维组成，可自身装入在一外玻璃管中。
EP-A-0523962描述诸如香水的化妆用的活性物质的输送，通过静电喷射，从一个可以具有王冠状的构结的出口喷嘴喷出。
本发明目的在于提供能产生单分散的液滴喷雾的吸入器。
根据本发明，提供一种吸入器，其包括：
用于供给液体的装置；
用于在供给液体装置的出口喷嘴处产生电场的装置，通过将一电极连接至出口喷嘴，使从出口喷嘴流出的液体形成电动液压动力喷束，该喷束分解为供给上呼吸道的带电液滴的喷雾，其特征在于：液体出口喷嘴包括一束疏松的纤维束，该纤维束限定端部为尖端的锥形。
本发明的吸入器可按有效且极为可控的方式，用于将带电的或部分带电的单分散液体的液滴喷雾，尤其是将药雾喷到上呼吸道特别是鼻腔粘膜中。
最好设有电场产生装置，以提供一在细分部位的尖的端部处通常为1-20千伏的电位。
纤维可用一种粘结剂适当地粘合到一起，从而构成纤维束，但这并不是必需的，粘合成束主要是为了保持其形状，并提供一适当的表面或边缘来细分液体。
适合的一种粘结剂是粘结性聚合物或树脂。
最好是使纤维束集束成杆形，且有一个锥形端部。
这些纤维在该纤维束内通常是同轴排齐的并且它们是这样排齐的，即能使液体在各纤维限定的间隙间流动至所述细分部位。
合适的纤维是陶瓷纤维或玻璃纤维或诸如聚脂类或尼龙类的聚合物纤维。合适的纤维束是通常用于笔的纤维尖端例如派克(Hewlettpackard)产品牌号为T17847T中的那种。
这里所用的纤维只要它们能细分液体可以有任意的长度和粗细度。
为方便起见，该纤维式细分部位处于一导电或半导电夹持装置中。
该纤维细分部位能采用任何类型的电动液压动力学装置，比如用于上述专利申请中所公开的装置以及在国际专利申请PCT/GB/02443及PCT/GB93/02634中所公开的装置，这点是可以理解的。因此，本发明的另一方面是提供一种用于细分液体的装置，该装置包括：电动液压动力学细分部位、用于将液体供给该细分部位的装置以及用于使该细分部位充电至在使用中足以使液体进行细分的电位的装置，其特征在于：该细分部位是由一端面或边缘突伸出的纤维构成，该边缘或表面基本上由纤维构成。
液体供给装置可以包括任何适当的机械式或电动式液体供给装置，如注射泵或EP0029301中所述的电动泵。
吸入器最好能用来提供具有平均直径约为10微米或更大的液滴，从而进一步保证这些液滴不会进入下呼吸道。直径在10～500微米内的液滴是应优先采用的，特别是直径在10～200微米范围内的液滴更是优先采用的对象。
对一给定的液体来说，带电液滴的直径可由平常的实验程序通过调节所加的细分用电压和液体流速而进行适当的控制。
本发明的装置可以细分粘度在1至500厘泊范围内、电阻率在102～108欧姆·米范围内的液体。
本发明的吸入器可用于将药用的或非药用的细分液体分配入上呼吸道中。
在一优选形式中，吸入器为鼻腔喷雾型的。
合适的非药用用途包括分配香水或芳香物。
合适的非药用用途包括分配防疫药剂或杀虫药剂。
合适的液体包括液体药物组分或液体化装品组分，比如芳香物组分或香水组分。
优选的液体是液体药物组分。
适合于上述本发明的吸入器输送的药物包括用于治疗包括鼻腔粘模疾病之类的上呼吸道疾病的药品，尤其是包括治疗与花粉热相关的上呼吸道充血及疾病的药品。适合于由该本发明的吸入器输送的药物还包括那些用于治疗咽喉的药物。
具体的药物包括消除鼻腔充血的药品，如羟甲唑啉，赛洛唑唑，苯福林，六氢脱氧麻黄碱，萘甲唑啉(nephazoline)与四氢唑啉以及它们的适当形式的盐类，例如氢氯化物盐，和它们的适用于治疗上呼吸道的各种配方。
本发明实施的吸入器，尤其是鼻腔喷雾形式的装置，最好还包括对该液体细分物局部放电的装置，这样残留在该细分物上的电荷促使此细分物沉积于上呼吸道中。对细分物局部放电的装置公开于英国专利No.2018627B中。
本说明书中用到的“药物”一词包括专用药品，一般医用药品及兽用药品。
除非另有更具体的定义，这里所说的上呼吸道包括鼻腔粘膜。
用于本发明的装置中的液体药物组份可按常规方法配制，例如在美国药典，欧洲药典第二版，马丁达尔增补药典(Martindal The Extrapharmacopoeia)第29版，药学通讯及兽医药典(PharmaeeusticalPress and The Veterihary Pharmacopoeia)中公开的方法。
用于本发明的装置中的液体化装品组份可按常规方法配制，例如伦敦乔治古特文1982年出版的哈里化装学杂志第9期(Harry’sCosmeticology,9th Edition,1982,George Goodwin,London)中公开的方法。
本发明的实施例将参照附图进行举例描述：
图1-3,5和6图示不在本发明目的之中的液体供应出口喷嘴；
图4图示适用于在本发明吸入器中的离子流的流动导引器；
图7图示本发明吸入器的液体供应出口喷嘴。
(1)不在本发明目的之中的细分部位
图1示出一薄壁毛细管(1)，它由导电的、半导电的或绝缘的材料制成，并可直接地或通过液体电连接到一高压直流电源上。单喷束(3)在液体尖端(2)处生成，这两者都是根据电压和给定液体的流速而形成的。图2表示一导电、半导电或绝缘的管体(1)，该管体(1)的直径可大于图1所示的管体的直径。该喷嘴具有一内部件(4)，该内部件(4)与上述外管(1)大致是同轴的。图3表示一狭缝式喷嘴，它形成于两平行板(2)之间，该平行板(2)具有与高压直流电源电连接的导电的、半导电的或电绝缘的边缘，液体从该喷嘴中流出，并在根据喷雾液体的类型对电压及液体流速作出适当调节时形成尖端及喷束。对一给定的喷束(及液滴)尺寸及一给定的液体来说，这种喷嘴比使用单一尖端和喷束的喷嘴可获得更高的流速。
从喷嘴中喷出的两种或多种液体可通过使涡动最大化来进行混合，这种涡动可以在形成各个液体喷束(3)的基部的尖端(2)内产生。图5表示由三块平行的板构成的喷嘴，这三块板形成两个狭缝间隙(7)，通过这两个狭缝间隙(7)两股液体a和b流出并按照图中示出的可能产生的涡流随后在每个喷束的锥形液体基部(2)中混合。这种混合可利用一种液体组分达到最大限度的混合，该液体组分中每种液体都具有最低的可能的粘性，最大的喷嘴电位，以及最佳的流动速率和最佳的各组分液体的流动速率的不平衡程度。
图5中混合装置的另一种形式于图6中以横剖面图表示出，其中有两个同轴的管体(8)和(9)形成两条流动通道(13)和(11)。这种结构具有众多优点并且在某些情况下，例如当液体a和b之间流率存在显著差异时，可获得较大程度的混合。
(2)本发明的实施例
图7表示一纤维的带尖端部的细分部位或喷嘴(12)，它包括一束疏松的带尖端(13)的树脂粘合纤维束。该纤维束固定于一导电或半导电基体(14)上，该基体(14)还包括一个构成液体贮存腔的中空部分(15)。液体从存贮腔(15)流至该带尖端的纤维束的基部(16)，之后流过纤维束而到达尖端(13)。
该纤维束通过导电的，或半导电的基体(14)连接到高压源上，或者该纤维束在存在有相邻的高压源的情况下可通过该基体接地，从而在该尖端(13)处形成高电场。当施加电压时，在该尖端(13)处的液体便形成电动液压动力学喷束，该喷束随后分裂，由此形成带电液滴喷雾。
图4示明了一种离子流的流动导引器，在离子流的流动导引器中高压电极(5)使液体内的成对电荷载体分裂，从而在该电极处中和那些极性相反的电荷载体，留下大量的极性相同单价电荷载体，这些电荷载体由库仑力作用从高压电极处流走，因此借助于粘性阻力沿着相对电极(6)的方向使该液体运动。这样的泵吸装置要求电极(5)能有效地将极性相同的电荷载体射入靠近电极(5)的液体中。这一点可利用带有一尖锐边缘的导电或半导电的表面而实现，该表面保持有足够高的电位，得以破坏电荷载体或使该液体电离。通常，当该液体的电阻率是足够高时，只有建立起一个足够强的电场时，才能用于形成单极性电荷载体和泵送液体。一般液体的电阻率约为10欧姆·米(试验中为8)，在高达1米的压头及10至20千伏的电压和只有几微安的直流电流下每分钟可泵送几毫升的液体。更易导电的液体将导流过更大的电流，而将产生更弱的电场。这样，高导电性液体例如自来水就未必能容易地形成实用的牵引压力。

Claims (12)

1．一种吸入器，其包括：
用于供给液体的装置；
用于在供给液体装置的出口喷嘴处产生电场的装置，通过将一电极连接至出口喷嘴，使从出口喷嘴流出的液体形成电动液压动力喷束，该喷束分解为供给上呼吸道的带电液滴的喷雾，其特征在于：液体出口喷嘴(12)包括一束疏松的纤维束，该纤维束限定端部为尖端(13)的锥形。
2．如权利要求1所述的吸入器，其特征在于：该疏松的纤维束包括陶瓷纤维，玻璃纤维、聚脂或尼龙之类的纤维。
3．如权利要求1所述的吸入器，其特征在于：还包括一导电或半导电基体(14)，该基体(14)与保持在基体(14)中的纤维束限定一个液体贮存腔(15)。
4．如权利要求1所述的吸入器，其特征在于：纤维束具有杆形，其终止于形成尖端(13)的锥形。
5．如权利要求1所述的吸入器，其特征在于：纤维在纤维束内基本同轴排齐，从而使液体在各纤维界定出的间隙空间流动。
6．如权利要求1所述的吸入器，其特征在于：纤维束由粘结性聚合物或树脂粘合到一起的。
7．如权利要求1所述的吸入器，其特征在于：它适合于在使用时，从所述纤维束的尖端(13)流出的液体提供具有平均直径约为10微米或更大的液滴。
8．如权利要求1所述的吸入器，其特征在于：它适合于在使用时，从所述纤维束的尖端(13)流出的液体提供平均直径处于10至500微米范围内的液滴。
9．如权利要求1至8中任一项所述的吸入器，其特征在于：包括一放电器，用于至少局部放电电离液滴，该液滴在供给上呼吸道之前由纤维束的尖端(13)流出的液体提供。
10．如权利要求1至8中任一项所述的吸入器，其特征在于：包括使液体流至纤维束的尖端(13)的离子流的流动导引器(5,6)，该离子流的流动导引器具有用于接收高压电压的电极，使液体内的成对电荷载体分裂，从而在该离子流的流动导引器电极处中和极性相反的电荷载体，留下大量的极性相同单价电荷载体，这些电荷载体从该离子流的流动导引器电极处向液体出口喷嘴流走，并借助于粘性阻力使液体沿着相同的方向运动。
11．如权利要求1至8中任一项所述的吸入器，其特征在于：吸入器构成一种鼻腔喷雾装置。
12．如权利要求1至8中任一项所述的吸入器，其特征在于：吸入器构成一种香水或芳香物分配装置。
CN95193264A 1994-03-29 1995-03-28 吸入器 Expired - Lifetime CN1074318C (zh)

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WO1995026234A1 (en) 1995-10-05
NO964120L (no) 1996-11-27
AU2255895A (en) 1995-10-17
JPH09510654A (ja) 1997-10-28
US6068199A (en) 2000-05-30
US5655517A (en) 1997-08-12
AU690256B2 (en) 1998-04-23
CN1149265A (zh) 1997-05-07
NO964120D0 (no) 1996-09-27
MX9604512A (es) 1998-05-31
BR9507233A (pt) 1997-09-16
HUT76047A (en) 1997-06-30
HU9602651D0 (en) 1996-11-28
PL178891B1 (pl) 2000-06-30
CZ284496A3 (en) 1997-07-16
GB9406171D0 (en) 1994-05-18
HU217222B (hu) 1999-12-28
ZA952463B (en) 1996-03-25
NZ284060A (en) 1997-12-19
CA2186762A1 (en) 1995-10-05
PL316568A1 (en) 1997-01-20
EP0752917A1 (en) 1997-01-15

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