CN1075270C - Electric machine with permanent magnets and method of assembing thereof - Google Patents
Electric machine with permanent magnets and method of assembing thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN1075270C CN1075270C CN97120193A CN97120193A CN1075270C CN 1075270 C CN1075270 C CN 1075270C CN 97120193 A CN97120193 A CN 97120193A CN 97120193 A CN97120193 A CN 97120193A CN 1075270 C CN1075270 C CN 1075270C
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- rotor
- permanent magnet
- shell
- electric device
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Abstract
The present invention relates to an electrical device with a permanent magnet, which comprises an annular stator and a cylindrical rotor, wherein the rotor comprises a shaft made of non-magnetic materials, a plurality of magnetized poles distributed around the shaft, a permanent magnet arranged in a slot, and fixing devices used for fixing the permanent magnet in the slot; each fixing device is made into a prismatic casing around one of prismatic magnets; the casing is provided with an end wall and two side walls, and another two side walls of the casing are made of ferromagnetic materials; each casing is fixed to the slot by an appropriate connecting piece, and the end wall of the casing is fixed to the rotor by the connecting piece.
Description
The present invention generally relates to rotary electric apparatus, the particularly electric device with permanent magnet of type that preamble as claimed in claim 1 discloses, and relate to method as claim 4 and this device of 5 assemblings as described in the preamble.
Past has been known the electric device such as motor and generator.The rotor and one that this known class electric device generally includes a current-collector type has the annular stator of the coil of the sub-circumferential arrangement that rotates.The stator of this electric device comprises the axle that a usefulness nonmagnetic substance is made, and the axle upper support has some around this distribution and make the magnetization utmost point of the portion's section that is separated by slit, tangentially magnetizedly is prismatic permanent magnet substantially and is placed in the slit.
Adopted distinct methods that magnet is fixed in the rotor, such as utilizing various chocks, belt, plate, or the like.German patent DE 4235873A1 has disclosed a kind of magnet fixing device, and it makes a three-dimensional grid round the special kind of rotor.Special curing glue in the hollow space that utilizes a kind of being filled in for this purpose and form between the permanent magnet and the rotor magnetization utmost point is fixed on magnet in the rotor, and this has been disclosed among the U.S. Pat 5175461A.
All are above-mentioned to be fixed in residue machinery and imbalance magnetic that method in the rotor all can not be avoided rotor with magnet.And they all need be installed in magnet in the rotor before being installed in rotor in the stator.
For this reason, all above-mentioned known improvement to electric device are made up of two key steps usually: the first, permanent magnet is mounted and fixed in the rotor; The second, the rotor that is inserted with magnet is installed in the stator.The method of the assembling electric device that these are known is very complicated and time-consuming, and is special especially true when being applied to big electric device.
Be published in the electric device that Fig. 1 .28 that is entitled as " generator with permanent magnet " this this book of the V.A.Balag-ourov of Moscow Energoatomisdat and F.F.Galteev discloses in 1988 and comprise an annular stator and a cylindrical rotor, stator has the coil that circumferentially distributes around it, and rotor comprises: the axle that a usefulness nonmagnetic substance is made; A plurality of magnetization utmost points distribute around this axle, and on configuration, serve as reasons parallel to the axis the form of slots of extending extremely in portion's section that the space separated; Prismatic permanent magnet is installed in the described slit and tangentially magnetization; One fixture is used for permanent magnet is fixed in the described slit.In this known electric device, described fixture is made up of a cylindrical involucrum that surrounds rotor.After the correct magnetization of permanent magnet, in the process of assemble rotor, permanent magnet is installed in the described slit.
Adopt the electric device of the above-mentioned type to have following shortcoming.
At first, in order to guarantee that these permanent magnets are inserted in the slit, these magnet are made with respect to its size and quality has certain allowance, and this may produce the remaining uneven of rotor, and produces the problem relevant with its appropriate balance.
The second, under the situation of magnet operating characteristic variation, in the electric device of operation, replace the complex process that magnet needs disassembling apparatus, such as rotor is pulled down from stator, open the slit of waiting to replace magnet is housed.And this replacement also needs the equilibrium step (rotor is balance again) of repetition rotor because the magnet that substitutes might with replaced magnet in the position with deviation takes place qualitatively.
The 3rd, sensor installation monitors the magnet characteristic and the operation conditions thereof of being installed, and from these transducer received signals, these all bring certain technical problem.
These shortcomings are remarkable especially in big electric device.For complete magnetized rotor being installed in the stator of this device, need the technical equipment of especial manufacture to overcome very strong attraction between the ferromagnetic parts of magnetized rotor and assembled device or equipment according to known number of assembling steps.All above-mentioned shortcomings combine the complicate fabrication process that makes existing electric device many, and limited its reliability and validity.
Therefore, an object of the present invention is to provide a kind of electric device of novelty and novel assemble method thereof, problem and the shortcoming of having avoided electric device in the prior art and assemble method thereof to exist with permanent magnet.
Another object of the present invention provides a kind of electric device, and it makes simple, so cost is low, and is more reliable, and has the better service performance than the electric device of prior art.
A further object of the invention provides a kind of method of this novelty electric device of assembling of novelty, and it is simpler than prior art assemble method, and saves time.
These and other purpose obtains according to the present invention, the invention provides a kind of permanent magnet electric device, the stator and the columniform rotor that comprise an annular have the polyphase winding that circumferentially distributes around it on the stator, rotor comprises: the axle that a usefulness nonmagnetic substance is made; A plurality of magnetization utmost points distribute around described axle, and its be configured as the form of slots of extending by paralleling to the axis extremely in portion's section of being separated of space; Be placed in the described slit and tangentially magnetized prismatic permanent magnet; Permanent magnet is fixed on fixture in the described slit.Each fixture is made for the housing that surrounds a prismatic magnet.This housing on configuration be basically to the similar prismatic can of prismatic magnet shape, in this shell, have the shape of a chamber and those permanent magnets to mate very much.This shell made from nonferromagnetic material comprises two end walls and two sidewalls relative with rotor and stator axis, and two other sidewalls are also made with ferromagnetic material.Each shell is fixed in the corresponding slit with a suitable dismountable connector, thereby the end wall of this shell is fixed on the rotor, pulls down so that can be by shell is moved in the axial direction shell be installed in the slit and with it.
According to preferred embodiment of the present invention, the nonferromagnetic material wall of prismatic can is made with the material with high electrical conductivity energy, has good electrical contact each other.
And, according to this preferred embodiment, other ferromagnetic part of the non-ferromagnetic wall of prismatic can and ferromagnetic wall and rotor all insulate and separates, and one of non-ferromagnetic end wall is divided into two parts by a tangential nonconducting plug-in unit, and each part all has folder to be used for connecting electric conductor.
Described feature has the following advantages electric device of the present invention.
Because each magnet is rigidly connected in the massive shell, shell magnetic is done as a whole, makes roughly single-piece, and mechanical strength is very big, and therefore as a rotating parts, it is more reliable.
Make the process of big magnetic part, particularly make the process that those are not the parts of streamline production, be greatly simplified, and the process that these parts are installed in the rotor has also been simplified greatly.The reason that obtains these simplification is, the employing of the shell of the form fit of its prismatic inner cavity chamber shape and magnetic can be used the combination magnetic of being made up of some standard-sized less magnetic, and these less magnetic shell of packing into tightly becomes an integral body.By this way, the employing of permanent magnet in big electric device just widened greatly.
The initial balance process of rotor becomes easy greatly, and its accuracy has improved, and need not carry out the balance second time of rotor after installation.The acquisition of this advantage is because by regulating the shell magnet assembly, just by making them in fact identical on weight, magnetic properties and size, the remaining imbalance of rotor can be reduced to minimum.By each of these parts all adopted identical removable connector, make these parts radially and on tangential all carry out point-device location, remaining imbalance further reduces.
Because have in it shell of magnetic can not will rotor pull down from stator and carry out again equilibrium process subsequently and just can replace easily, the operational reliability of electric device of the present invention has also improved.
Preferred embodiment of the present invention also has the following advantages.
The short-circuit loop that the non-ferromagnetic wall formation of conduction of prismatic can is arranged has protected the interior permanent magnet of shell not to be subjected to the influence of various field deformation.Thereby higher permanent magnet operational reliability, electromagnetic torque stability and therefore have the efficient of higher electric device have preferably been obtained.
The enforcement of another novel feature of this preferred embodiment, promptly, one of end wall is divided into two parts that can be connected with a power supply, make the loop conduction current pulse that can constitute by the non-ferromagnetic wall of the conduction that separates along insulation by this shell, in permanent magnet is positioned at rotor after to its magnetization.
The assemble method of electric device of the present invention comprised such as the known stage of the rotor of electric device being inserted in the stator and rotor being installed on the supporting member and so on, the difference of it and art methods is, permanent magnet is not after rotor is installed, but before installing, be installed in the slit of rotor.
This method can be installed the rotor that does not have magnetic, makes the process that abampere is installed in the slit subsequently simpler simultaneously.In other words, this novel method has guaranteed main erection stage, is about to the stage that rotor is installed in the stator simplify greatly, and this stage is crucial because of aforesaid very strong attraction to big electric device.
Describe preferred embodiment of the present invention below with reference to accompanying drawings in detail, among the figure:
Fig. 1 cuts open the front view that shows for the part of motor of the present invention;
Fig. 2 shows schematic diagram for vertically cuing open of same motor, has shown the location of shell in motor that has magnetic;
Fig. 3 is for being placed with the schematic isometric of the shell of a prismatic permanent magnet in it;
Fig. 4 is for having vertical cut-away view of the same shell of prismatic permanent magnet in it;
Fig. 5 is for to cut open the front view that shows same shell along A-A line among Fig. 4;
Fig. 6 is the longitudinal sectional view of another embodiment of the shell that has prismatic permanent magnet in it;
Fig. 7 is another cutaway view of same motor, has shown the position of shell in rotor slots that has magnetic.
Permanent magnet electric device of the present invention comprises an annular stator 1 and a cylindrical rotor 2, circumferentially is distributed with a plurality of coils around stator 1.Rotor 2 comprises the axle made from nonmagnetic substance 3 and a plurality of magnetization utmost point made from laminated steel sheet 4, around this distribute and its be configured as slit 5 forms of extending by paralleling to the axis extremely in portion's section of being separated of space.One tangentially magnetized prismatic permanent magnet is placed in each slit 5 to produce required magnetic field.As shown in Figure 3, each this magnetic can have a combining structure, promptly can be made up of a plurality of less permanent magnet members 6, and these members are chosen to weight, shape that can provide required and the characteristic that makes up magnetic.All permanent magnet members 6 that constitute the prismatic magnetic of a single combination are placed in the same housing, or have the prismatic shape roughly similar to prismatic magnetic shape, just have in the shell 7 of rectangular cross section.The shape that forms in the chamber in the shell 7 is mated with the shape of the prismatic magnetic of combination very much.For filling possible hollow space or the gap between magnetic 6 and shell 7 inwalls, can adopt a tinsel.At wall is under the ferromagnetic material situation about making, and the paillon foil of also making with ferromagnetic material is adopted in suggestion.For example, can adopt curing compound that magnetic 6 is fixed and is sealed in the shell 7.The shell 7 that has permanent magnet 6 in it is regulated by the size of its magnetic properties, weight and alignment.
In order to reduce leakage field, respectively the end wall 8,9 of the shell 7 relative and nonferromagnetic material that sidewall 10,11 usefulness have high conduction performance with stator 1 and axle 3, make such as copper, aluminium, titanium or its alloy.These walls can interfix with welding or other proper methods, guarantee that these walls have good electrical contact each other.Consequently, they have constituted in the axial plane of rotor 2 the electrical short loop round permanent magnet 6.
Shell 7 is made near sidewall 12, the 13 usefulness ferromagnetic materials of the magnetization utmost point 4.Do like this is in order to reduce passing the magnetic resistance near the main magnetic line of force of the magnetization utmost point of respective combination magnetic and stator 1.The suitable removable connector of end wall 8,9 usefulness of shell 7 is fixed to the respective end walls of rotor 2.By way of example, in the preferred embodiment shown in Fig. 5-7, a short column 14 that forms on the end wall 9 of shell 7 inserts in the mortise that forms on the pressing plate 17, and pressing plate is used for the magnetization utmost point 4 is clipped together.Constituted the removable connector that the end wall 8 of shell 7 is fixed in the other end of rotor 2 such as bolt, finger 15 and a flange 16 in addition.
The non-ferromagnetic wall 8,9,10,11 of prismatic can 7 is electrically connected mutually in preferred embodiment of the present invention shown in Figure 6, but all insulating with other ferromagnetic part of ferromagnetic wall 12,13 and rotor separates, for example by means of non-conductive layer 18 or appropriate insulation coating.One of end wall (wall 9 among Fig. 6 embodiment) is divided into two parts by tangential, promptly vertical with Fig. 6 plane non-conductive plug-in unit 19.Each part all has folder 20, is used for the electric conductor (not shown) is connected in shell 7, to form a loop of opening around the end of permanent magnet 6.In this example, permanent magnet 6 can be installed in the shell 7 that is in the unmagnetized state.
Motor shown in the present is to have the same accurate way running of the prior art motor of inner rotator of permanent magnet with employing.When during not the flowing between the homophase of the polyphase winding of stator 1, having produced electromagnetic field in coil from the electric current of power supply (not shown).The result who interferes between the magnetic field of the prismatic permanent magnet of this electromagnetic field and rotor 2 is to have produced the mechanical torque that makes armature spindle 3 rotations.
The method of assembling electric device of the present invention may further comprise the steps.
Annular stator 1 is placed on a suitable mounting equipment rotor 2 and is inserted in the stator 1.Next step, rotor 2 is installed on its supporting member, such as the supporting member of bearing or suitable type.After this, begin rotor is supplied with the process of permanent magnet.For this purpose, each prismatic can 7 is filled with to constitute this group magnetic 6 of prismatic combination magnetic, the good shell 7 of filling is inserted in the slit 5, from that end with fixed component, for example short column 14 of shell 7 by the openend from slit 5 one by one.Each shell 7 changes positions along corresponding slit 5, and up to forming being connected of shell and stator, just, short column 14 inserts in the mortise of pressing plate 17 fully.After this, another end wall 8 of shell 7 utilizes finger 15 and flange 16 to be fixed on the rotor 2.
Proper implements such as pin, spline or the like and device can be used for simplifying the above-mentioned stage.In order to guarantee the magnetic attachment equilibrium of forces between rotor and stator, shell 7 is mounted in pairs in the rotor, the slit that filling is radially relative.
After all shells 7 with magnetic 6 were mounted and fixed in the corresponding slit 5 of rotor 2, the above-mentioned assembling process of major part can be thought and finished.In some cases, also can need additional step, protecting screen for example is installed or be regulated bearing etc.
When the needs replacement has the shell 7 of magnetic 6, needn't pull down rotor from stator 1 and just can easily any shell 7 be pulled down from rotor 2.In order so to do, unload the member that shell 7 is fixed to rotor 2 ends, under the help of the suitable simple tool such as screwdriver, shell 7 is skidded off corresponding slit 5.
All above-mentionedly be installed to shell 7 on the rotor 2 and the stage of pulling down from it can carry out the rotor that separates, just, can before it is installed on the stator, carry out.
When implementing preferred embodiment of the present invention (wherein all non-ferromagnetic walls of prismatic can 7,8,9 and two sidewall 10,11 usefulness electric conducting materials of end wall are made and are in excellent electric contact mutually), play a kind of effect that weakens the main field concussion and reduce the stabilizer of the demagnetizing field effect that stator produced on the permanent magnet round the electrical short loop of the sealing of permanent magnet 6.
And according to top description, if the circuit that is formed by the non-ferromagnetic wall of shell 7 has constituted the loop of the open-ended that separates with ferromagnetic sidewall 12,13 insulation, then the loop of this open-ended can be the magnetization service of combination permanent magnet.This magnetization process can be carried out in the outside of motor, that is, with having in it in operating clearance that shell 7 that makes up magnetic is inserted into a special open-ended magnetic conductor, perhaps also can carry out in the motor of having assembled.Under one situation of back, the prismatic combination magnetic in the shell 7 is magnetized in suggestion one by one, so that reduce to magnetize the required total inductance of circuit and therefore reduce the required energy of power supply.In order to magnetize by this way, preferably have a shell 7 that makes up magnetic in it and be installed in the slit 5 of rotor 2, and every other slit still to keep sky.A kind of suitable filler made from ferromagnetic material can insert in stator and the gap between rotor during magnetizing in addition.After in shell 7 correctly is placed on slit 5, current source is connected to the folder 20 of shell 7 end walls 9, and open-ended loop was led in a suitable pulse of electric current.Also be connected to power supply by suitable part, can further strengthen magnetizing field stator coil.
After the magnetization of combination magnetic was over and done with, shell 7 was drawn out of and is replaced in slit 5 by another shell, repeats above-mentioned steps.This process preferably has the magnetized magnetic of same direction to all and repeats.Then, by changing the polarity of power supply, change magnetized direction, all magnetic with inverse magnetization directions are magnetized.If after magnetization in the past, by short circuit, then the function of stabilizer can be played in the loop to the folder 20 of shell 7 as mentioned above by means of the jumper of high conduction.
The motor of the 75kW DC converter feed-in by the invention process being equaled 400mm in root diameter and the present invention has been carried out successful test.This rotor has 8 shells that are fixed with the combination permanent magnet that is of a size of 10mm * 60mm * 570mm, and each magnetic is made up of the magnetic member of different size:
The present invention is effective especially when being implemented on the electric device of big transformer charging, becomes serious because assemble the problem (and the corresponding cost that addresses these problems) of this device along with the increase of rating of set.When device needs extra high reliability, such as, when device install aboard ship or some other means of transportation on the time, the present invention is also very important.
Claims (5)
1. the electric device with permanent magnet comprises an annular stator and a cylindrical rotor, and described stator has a plurality of around its polyphase winding that circumferentially distributes, and described cylindrical rotor comprises: the axle that a usefulness nonmagnetic substance is made; A plurality of magnetization utmost points around described axle distribution, portion's section that its extremely interior space that is configured as the form of slots of extending by paralleling to the axis separates; Be placed in the described slit and along tangential magnetized prismatic permanent magnet; One is fixed on fixture in the described slit with permanent magnet;
It is characterized in that:
Each fixture is made for the prismatic can round one of prismatic magnet, and this shell has and stator and relative end wall and two sidewalls of armature spindle made from nonferromagnetic material, and two other sidewall of shell is made with ferromagnetic material;
Each shell is fixed in the corresponding slit with suitable dismountable connector, and this connector is fixed on the end wall of described shell on the rotor, make shell to be installed in the slit, and by along the axis direction mobile shell it being unloaded.
2. 1 electric device as claimed in claim is characterized in that, the non-ferromagnetic wall of prismatic can is made with the material with high conduction performance, and has good electrical contact each other.
3. electric device as claimed in claim 2, it is characterized in that, the non-ferromagnetic wall of prismatic can and other ferromagnetic part of ferromagnetic wall and rotor all insulate and separate, and non-ferromagnetic end wall is divided into two parts by a tangential non-conductive plug-in unit, and each part all has the folder that is used for connecting electric conductor.
4. assembling such as claim 1,2 described methods with electric device of permanent magnet, comprise that rotor with described electric device is installed in the step in the stator, it is characterized in that, described rotor is installed in the stator when not having permanent magnet, after described installation, to place also fixing in the enclosure permanent magnet within it with magnetized state and be installed in the slit of described rotor, then described shell will be fixed in the described rotor.
5. assemble the method with electric device of permanent magnet as claimed in claim 3 for one kind, comprise rotor with the electric device of described permanent magnet with magnetic virgin state be installed in the stator, with the step of the described permanent magnet of back magnetization in electric device, it is characterized in that, by allowing electric current carry out described magnetization through the open-ended loop that the non-ferromagnetic wall by the shell that is used for fixing described permanent magnet constitutes.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN97120193A CN1075270C (en) | 1997-11-24 | 1997-11-24 | Electric machine with permanent magnets and method of assembing thereof |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN97120193A CN1075270C (en) | 1997-11-24 | 1997-11-24 | Electric machine with permanent magnets and method of assembing thereof |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN1218323A CN1218323A (en) | 1999-06-02 |
| CN1075270C true CN1075270C (en) | 2001-11-21 |
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Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN97120193A Expired - Fee Related CN1075270C (en) | 1997-11-24 | 1997-11-24 | Electric machine with permanent magnets and method of assembing thereof |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN1075270C (en) |
Citations (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US5175461A (en) * | 1988-06-08 | 1992-12-29 | General Electric Company | Permanent magnet rotor having magnet positioning and retaining means |
-
1997
- 1997-11-24 CN CN97120193A patent/CN1075270C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Patent Citations (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US5175461A (en) * | 1988-06-08 | 1992-12-29 | General Electric Company | Permanent magnet rotor having magnet positioning and retaining means |
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| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN1218323A (en) | 1999-06-02 |
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