CN1086016A - 具有组合反光镜显示装置的机动车辆距离测量系统 - Google Patents
具有组合反光镜显示装置的机动车辆距离测量系统 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
车辆距离测量系统包括一个距离测量装置,一个
超声波传感器,一个装在反光镜内通过窗口可观察的
数字显示器。距离测量装置包括比较器用于将被测
物距离和与预定临界距离进行比较并提供相应的显
示启动信号。数字显示器响应显示启动信号,有选择
地关闭数字显示器和显示被测物距离。显示器包括
诸如二极管的照明装置,以响应显示启动信号而照亮
数字显示器。
Description
本申请是1990年2月26日提出的NO.07/484,626申请的部分继续申请。
这个系统是关于电子距离测量系统,更具体地说,是关于超声波机动车辆距离测量系统,它具有整体安装到机动车辆后视镜上的数字式距离显示器。
尽管现代的车辆设计为驾驶者提供了一种在车辆驾驶过程中能令人满意的前视效果,但是它侧面和后部的视线经常受阻碍。作为某种弥补,一般是通过适当移动车辆上的反光镜,来增加驾驶员的视野。尽管如此,反光镜并不能完全消除盲点。例如,由于车身引起的阻障,所以在使用反光镜时很难提供朝向车辆后部的满意视野。驾驶员对车辆后部的观察受到从驾驶员对车辆后部之间的很大距离的阻碍,特别是驾驶牵引车与拖车的联合体及其他的大型车辆时。
由于反光镜限制了驾驶员的景深感,从而进一步限制了对于驾驶者所必需的正确判断到障碍物的距离的视觉能力。当倒车时,和当驾驶员需要精确的距离信息,以便驾驶车辆(例如半牵引拖车)靠近障碍物,如装卸码头时,这是一个特别显著的问题。由于驾驶员和车辆后部之间具有比较长的距离,较小的障碍物也许会被忽视。对于司机无法直接观察到的以及反光镜无法完全覆盖到的车辆两边的任何一边的盲区,这是一个非常实际的问题。
除了反光镜以外,人们还提出了各种装置系统来扩大驾驶员的视野。这些系统包括采用电视摄象机和监视器等观察系统,对用反光镜看不到的地方进行图象观察。但增加电视相对较昂贵,还要求驾驶员将他或她的注意力从其他观察系统转移过来,而对确定到障碍物的距离却只能提供有限的线索。
对障碍物进行电子探测和测距系统采用了超声波、雷达和红外线发射器及接收器等测量从障碍物反射回来的能量的装置,这个系统通过测定发射的能量到达障碍物并从那儿返回所需的时间,来确定到障碍物的距离。
在此作为参考文献的Starke等人的美国专利NO.4,903,004,描述了一种用于车辆的距离测量及信号系统,该系统例如可用于倒车时测量车辆的后部到障碍物的距离,将传感器阵列安装在一个支撑物上,如车辆后面的保险杠上。当脉冲信号被转换成超声波信号时对它进行计时并对它的回波进行探测。计算好的距离显示在一个安装在车辆仪表盘上的三位数字显示器上。这个系统包括超声波发射/接收装置,一个控制装置和一个数字显示器。
Tendle的美国专利NO.4,937,796描述了一种为车辆驾驶员提供声音的报警信号的方法和设备。该设备采用声纳技术测量从车辆后部到一个建筑物的距离,例如从倒退车辆到卸货码头的距离。一个装置将测得的车辆后部到建筑物的距离转换为声音报警信号输出。
Naruse的美国专利NO.4,674,073描述了一种在车辆内使用的设备,该设备利用超声波确定和测量物体相对于车辆的位置,将多个超声波发射和接收元件一个接一个排成一列,并依次启动以测量和定位该物体。用数字显示器显示被测的物体的位置及距离。
Chey的美国专利NO.4,626,850描述了一种在车辆内使用的设备,用超声波定位和测量车辆附近的物体。使超声波传感器各向旋转以便扫描物体所在区域,并提供有关被测物体的距离及方向的声音和图象显示。
Lee的美国专利NO.4,943,796描述了一种安装于汽车后视镜内的显示装置,其采用超声波传感器显示车辆后部与物体的距离。
尽管已在已有技术中描述了超声波测量和测距装置,但是传统的视觉距离显示器要求车辆驾驶员将其注意力从其他系统转移到观察装置的显示器上。尽管Lee描述了一个安装在内反光镜上以便在该反光镜附近观察距离显示的显示器,这个系统仍要求车辆驾驶员将他或她的视线从反光镜转移到所安装的显示器上。此外,后面的这个系统对于不装设内部后视镜的牵引车拖车联合体是无用的。
据此,本发明的目的是提供一个车辆数字式距离显示系统,该系统用于向驾驶员提供精确的障碍物距离信息,而使驾驶员无需将其注意力从其他目视系统转移开。
本发明的另一个目的是提供一种数字式距离显示系统,可用于牵引车-拖车联合体及其他使后视受阻碍的车辆。
本发明的另一个目的是提供一种数字式距离显示系统,它将最大限度不使驾驶员分视直到测得位于预定的危险或临界距离上的障碍物。
本发明的另一个目的是提供一种用于不突设于车外的距离测量传感器的安装方式。
按照本发明的一个方面,车辆距离测量系统包括一个距离测量仪器,用于测量到某个物体的距离,并相应地提供距离信号。一个显示器包括(ⅰ)车辆反光镜,它内部设有带透明窗部分的图象反射面,和(ⅱ)一个安装在车辆反光镜上且通过半透明窗部分可供观察的数字显示器。该数字显示器响应表示被测物体距离的距离信号以显示被测物体距离。
根据本发明的另一个方面,距离测量装置包括一个比较器,用于对到达物体的距离和预定的临界距离进行比较,相应提供一个显示启动信号。数字显示器响应显示启动信号,以便选择地关闭数字显示器和显示测得的到达物体的距离。该显示器包括一个响应显示启动信号的照明装置,如发光二极管(LEDS),它用于照亮数字显示。
根据本发明的特征,距离测量装置包括一个超声波发射器和接收器,一个计时电路和一个距离计算处理器。超声波发射器用于传送所发射的超声波信号。超声波接收器接收反射的超声波,并相应提供一接收信号。计时电路测量从超声波发射器发射超声波到超声波接收器接收到反射超声波期间的时间周期。与测到的时间周期相对应,距离转换处理器向显示器提供距离信号。
根据本发明的特征,超声波发射器和接收器包含在车辆照明组件中,例如尾灯组件,尾灯组件包括罩体,罩内装有灯炮或其他安装在罩内的光发射装置以便提供一外部可见的发射光。在罩体上固定一个透镜,以便发送可见光和超声波。
根据本发明的另一个特征,数字显示器包括一个二-十进制代码(BCD)译码器,以便接收距离信号和相应提供一显示驱动信号。数字显示器响应显示驱动信号,以显示测得的物体的距离。数字显示器包括一对七段液晶显示器(LCDS)或发光二极管(LEDS)。显示器包括一个将显示器装到车辆外部的固定装置。
根据本发明的另一个特征,设置一个加热器,以便对车辆反光镜进行电加热,以除去反光镜或显示器上的霜和雾。
根据本发明的另一个方面,车辆距离测量系统包括一个距离测量装置,它具有(ⅰ)第一传感器通道用来探测到达位于第一区间的物体的距离,并相应提供第一传感器信号,(ⅱ)响应第一传感器通道以便提供一个第一距离信号的处理器。距离显示系统包括(ⅰ)一个车辆后视镜,它具有一个图象反射表面及一个安装在图象反射表面某部位上的第一透明窗,(ⅱ)第一数字显示器,它安装于车辆后视镜上。车辆驾驶员能通过第一个透明窗观察数字显示器,显示器响应第一距离信号以显示测得的物体与驾驶员之间的距离。
当在预定距离内测到物体时处理器向数字显示器提供显示驱动信号,第一数字显示器响应数字显示启动信号以选择性关闭和显示测量距离。
根据本发明的一个特征,距离显示系统包括一个显示照明装置,它响应来自距离测量装置的显示启动信号以照明数字显示器。第一数字显示器当测定距离大于预定距离时将相应于显示启动信号而关闭其显示,而当测定距离小于预定距离时则显示所测距离。
根据本发明的另一个方面,车辆距离测量系统包括一第二通道,该通道探测与第一区域不同的第二区域内的障碍物。特别是该距离测量装置包括第二传感器通道,用来探测位于第二区域内的物体的距离,并相应提供一第二传感器信号。处理器响应第二传感器通道,向安装在车辆反光镜内的第二数字显示器提供第二距离信号。
根据本发明的另一个方面,车辆照明灯和传感器外壳的组合体包括一个可安装在车辆上的灯罩,灯罩里面装有提供可见光的光发射部件。还设有灯的插座和用于将光发射部件安装于灯罩内的支座。在与灯插座相隔一定距离的灯罩上装有一个传感器,用于发射和接收测距用的探测信号。一个光学半透明透镜被安装在灯罩上,以便在所需方向上发射可见光和探测信号。此外,这种透镜可包括一个孔,通过该孔也可发射探测信号和接收回波信号。
根据本发明的一个特征,探测信号可利用超声波能来探测和定位物体。此外,透镜可以是具有透明或彩色塑料覆盖物的形式,对超声波基本是透明的,对可见光是半透明的。透镜包括形成Freznel透镜的一系列同心纹。
本发明的上述目的及其他目的、特征、思想和优点,在以下结合附图对本发明进行详细描述的过程中将更加明显。
图1是根据本发明安装在车辆上的车辆距离测量系统的侧视图。
图2是图1所示车辆的平面图,包括根据本发明的车辆距离测量系统。
图3是根据本发明形成的车辆距离测量系统的主要部件图。
图4是根据本发明的反光镜系统的正视图,包括一车辆侧视镜和一对整体安装的数字距离显示器。
图5是图4反光镜系统的局部剖面图。
图6是根据本发明的另一种反光镜系统的正视图。
图7A是超声波传感器的正视图。
图7B是图7A的超声波传感器的侧面剖视图。
图7C是图7A的超声波传感器的后视图。
图7D是图7A的超声波传感器的俯视剖面图。
图8是超声波发射和接收单元的透视图。
图9A是超声波传感器外壳的局部正视图。
图9B是图9A的外壳的剖视图。
图9C是图9A的外壳的另一个剖视图。
图10A是超声波传感器后面板的正视图。
图10B是图10A的后面板的底视剖面图。
图11A是超声波安装支座的正视图。
图11B是图11A的安装支座的底视图。
图11C是图11A的安装支座的侧视图。
图12A是超声波传感器前面板的正视图。
图12B和图12C是图12A的前面板的剖面图。
图13A是车辆尾灯组件的正视图,这里移开了透镜盖,以表示整体安装的超声波传感器。
图13B是图13A中的装有透镜盖的尾灯组件的局部剖视图。
图14A是装有图13A尾灯组件的车辆后视图。
图14B是图14A的车辆的局部侧视图。
图15A是根据本发明的接线盒的侧视图。
图15B是图15A的接线盒的另一个侧视图。
图15C是图15A和15B的接线盒的正视图。
图16是根据本发明的车辆距离测量系统的控制器及显示电路的示意图。
图17是根据本发明的超声波传感器和发射及接收电路的示意图。
根据图1,车辆20包括牵引车22和拖车24的联合体。将构成障碍物距离传感器的多个收发器60安装在车辆20的后保险杆26上。发射器/接收器从车辆向后面的探测空间发射频率为40-50千赫的超声波。反光镜显示系统40包括一个传统的反射侧视镜,其上整体地装有数字显示器。通过反光镜的透明窗可观察数字显示器指示的被测障碍物的距离。
每个收发器60都发射锥形的超声波能。组成收发器60的线性阵列62依次安装在如图2所示的保险杠26上,以获得向后的障碍物探测空间。收发器60并联连接以使其同时发射超声波脉冲并对返回超声波信号具有重叠接收性。
与下文描述的辅助数据处理器和控制电路相结合的收发器60的后排阵列62提供完整的探测范围,以探测和提供位于车辆后10英尺内的障碍物的距离信息。该信息将通过从反光镜显示系统40中看到数字显示器而供给车辆驾驶员,以避免撞车。车辆驾驶员可以在观察反光镜显示系统40中的障碍物并将车倒向例如月台或码头时,同时观察数字显示器指示的到达月台或码头的距离。
除了具有能避免撞车的后部传感器阵列62之外,还可以将收发器安装于车辆的一侧,以增强避免撞车的能力。侧面传感器阵列64包括三个收发器60,以便探测车辆20右侧的障碍物。确定收发器阵列的方向以便探测车辆驾驶员不能直接看到的范围内的物体,以及向处理和控制电路的第二通道提供距离检测信息,以在反光镜显示系统40的第二数字显示器显示测量结果。
如图3所示,车辆距离测量系统包括三个主要部分:与数字显示器整体安装的反光镜显示系统40,一个或多个超声波收发器60和接线盒80。参照图4和图5,反光镜显示系统40包括一个反射式“西海岸风格”侧视镜41,和大约七英寸宽十六英寸高的深冲不锈钢框架。反光镜部件42可以是密封在乙烯管中的在第一层面镀铬或镀银的玻璃,以防止部件损坏,以及吸收冲击及路面颤动。反光镜显示系统40包括可通过反光镜部件内的透明窗观察的一个或两个后部发光的三位数LCD显示器44、46。还可以将反光镜加热以除去部件上的雾和水。
接线盒80为LCD显示器44、46及后灯(没有示出)提供电源,并包括用于控制收发器60以探测和计算障碍物的距离的电路。接线盒包括一个常规的微处理器或微控制器,以便控制和接收来自收发器60的回波信号,计算被测物体的距离,将计算出的距离与预定的显示最大距离值进行比较,并向相应的显示器44和46提供相应的距离数据信号并启动该显示器。
接线盒80与位于车辆后部或一侧的传感器的两个传感器输入通道相连。每个通道控制一个或多个收发器60以探测车辆后面或一侧的障碍物。多个收发器单元向通道提供输入信号,以增加系统的横向探测范围。如图2所示,将多个收发器60安装在拖车24的后部和侧面以保证完整的探测范围。两个通道上的收发器单元并行传输以发射超声波。返回的超声波回波信号由每组传感器分别供给与之相连的通道,并分别进行处理和显示在相应的LCD显示器44、46上。
由收发器60构成的超声波传感器是可从商业上得到的,比如Polaroid有限公司的产品。每个单元都包括一个用于发射50千赫的超声波信号的超声波发射器和一个用于感受返回的发射信号的接收器。接线盒80测量时间差和计算到达被测障碍物的距离。如果计算的障碍物距离是在传感器通道所设定的预定距离内,相应的LCD显示器和后灯将会启动,并显示到达障碍物的距离。
通过内连电缆66将超声波收发器60串联,或“串成链”,以便形成沿车辆后保险杠安装的线性阵列62中的第一传感器通道。第一传感器通道通过电缆68a与安装在牵引车22驾驶室内的接线盒80连接。
接线盒80包括一个控制器,该控制器用于驱动收发器60以发射超声波脉冲,并接收返回的超声波,计算反射超声波的障碍物的距离,并提供指示所计算距离的二-十进制码(BCD)的数据信号。形成第二传感器通道的第二阵列超声波收发器(未示)通过电缆68B与接线盒80相连。
图6表示水平地安装在车辆内的另一反光镜系统40A,将多个LCD显示器44A、46A安装在反光镜部件42A的相对侧,并可通过设置其中的透明窗进行观察。
图7A-7D表示超声波传感器72。该部件尺寸相当小,约为1.5英寸宽1英寸高1/2英寸深。传感器起扬声器的作用,以发射超声能脉冲,并起静电麦克风的作用以接收反射的信号或“回波”。传感器可按图8所示的方式安装,以提供完整的超声波收发器60。
参考图8,收发器60包括内安装有超声波传感器72的外壳70。外壳70由常规的片状金属构成并包括盒形前盖71(图9A-9C),它具有一个后开的背面和一个相对的正面。正面的大正方形中心孔由一块透声屏76覆盖,用来防止其他物件进入传感器72。盖711与正方形超声波传感器后面板712(图10A和10B)的缘边配合,并使插在盖71上的孔73中的固定螺栓与后面板712缘边上的螺孔75相配合,而将盖71固定到传感器后面板712上。用贯穿螺栓78将传感器后面板712固定到车辆上。
此外,外壳70通过L形超声波安装支架79(图11A-11C)装设于车辆上,支架通过贯通螺栓78与传感器后面板712相接合并固定。
通过前面板74将传感器72置于在外壳70的中央。参考图12A-12C,前面板74形状为正方形,它具有大的中央正方形凹陷部分。凹陷部分上形成椭圆形孔,它的周围还有多个孔,以便用于将收发器固定到面板上。
因为超声波传感器是相当小的,因此只需作一些小的变动就可以将它用于现有的车辆结构中。灯光单元例如尾灯组件为传感器提供了周围环境保护。如图13A和13B所示,该组件包括一个能透过超声波的塑料盖,或者一个穿过塑料的孔。
尾灯组件130包括一个金属灯罩132,具有一缘边以将该组件安装在车体上的开孔之中。通过支架将灯座134安装在灯罩132中,将白炽灯136安装在灯座134上,并通过绝缘电线138为照明灯136提供电源。将传感器72安装在灯136下面,并通过传统的固定件(未示)将传感器直接固定在透镜盖140后面。
透镜140可以是一个多面光学半透明塑料材料,以便将灯136射出的光投射出去。此外,透镜可以形成一个菲涅耳透镜,用以进一步引导和汇聚从灯136发出的光。这种塑料与传统的车辆尾灯及行车灯一样可以是透光的,局部透光的或彩色的。为了限制超声波的衰减,要选择合适的塑料类型和厚度。此外,将一个穿过塑料的孔142或由合适的可透过超声波的材料,如质量好的屏材料构成的窗142,设在透镜中以便减小发射或接收信号的衰减。
参照图14A,车辆150包括一个安装在车辆后部152的尾灯组件130。因此,通过改变或者替换现存的尾灯使其与超声波传感器相配合,而无需改变车辆的结构,就可将车辆距离测量系统直接安装在车上。在车辆一侧的尾灯组件130或行车灯组件154内包含的超声波传感器,进一步提供了传感器的最佳位置,而无需移动和重新布置现存的车灯。
根据图15A-15C,接线盒80包括第一侧面82,该侧面包括连接器84和86,用以将接线盒中的电子器件连到收发器的第一和第二串接链通道上。一个与第一侧面82相对的侧板面88,包括联接电缆82的连接器90,用以向反光镜显示系统40提供信号。连接器92用来向接线盒提供直流电源,必要时接线盒又向其他系统提供电源。最后,一个前面板94包括一个电源保险丝盒96和一个显示开关98,该开关用于选择以英尺还是米来读数。
图16的示意图表示接线盒80内的控制线路和反光镜显示系统的显示线路。车辆距离测试系统的控制器的显示电子器线100包括常规的处理器102和二-十进制代码(BCD),该代码用于七段转换器/驱动器(显示驱动器)110-116和七段液晶显示器(LCDS)120。
微处理器102包括储存一系统操作指令的可擦可编程的只读存储器(EPROM),暂时储存操作数据的随机存取存储器(RAM),可完成计算和逻辑操作的中央处理单元和第一及第二并行输入输出(I/O)接口PAO-PA7和PB0-PB5。微处理器102的第一I/O接口PAO-PA7包括I/O终端PAO-PA3,该终端向显示驱动器110-116提供并行MOS电平BCD数据信号。第一I/O接口的I/O保持终端PA7-PA4与显示驱动器110-116的各个显示使能端相连接。显示驱动器110-116的输出终端A-G与双元七段LCD显示器120和122的相应段连接。
第二输出接口的第一I/O终端PBO通过驱动器140和142与发光二极管(LEDS)144并联。将LEDS144安装在LCD显示器120和122后面的反光镜显示系统中,以便在探测预定临界距离内障碍物时,与探测相应而将显示器照亮。
第二输出接口的I/O终端PB1向显示驱动器110-116和LCD显示器120-122提供时钟信号,时钟信号用于从微处理器102的第一输出接口到显示驱动器110-116和LCD显示器120和122同步传递数据信号。
I/O终端PB2在程序控制下通过二极管Q1向每个收发器发送控制信号。I/O终端PB3通过放大器136接收从显示开关98传来的逻辑信号。微处理器102周期性地读出I/O终端PB3的逻辑电平,并对被测障碍物的计算距离进行换算,以便有选择地用英尺或米显示该距离,最后,I/O终端PB5和PB4接收来自第一、第二传感器通道的相应的回波信号ECHO1和ECHO2。
每个传感器通道都包括一个比较器130,该比较器的反向输入端接收来自并联组成一传感器通道的各超声波收发器的回波信号。将消噪声电容器的一端联连在比较器130的反向输入端而另一端接地。比较器的非反向输入端与参考电压相连。如果任何一个收发器探测到超声波的回波信号,电流将流过与反向输入端相连的负载电阻134并引起供至反向端的电压电平下降,也就是,低于参考电压。比较器130的输出端与反向器132相连,反向器转换该信号电平,并向输入端PB5和PB4提供相应的回波信号。
稳压器160向所有的电子部件100提供电源,额定的12伏特车用电源提供给稳压器160,稳压器向系统部件提供5伏MOS工作电压,12伏直流电直接供给反光镜显示单元的电子加热器单元。
图17是包括超声波传感器200和超声波接收器及发射器电路的收发器的示意图。发射器电路包括传感器发射控制器202,该控制器接收来自控制器和显示电子部件100的发射控制信号,并通过输出晶体管204和输出变压器206向传感器200提供一预定持续周期的超声波输出信号。
由传感器200接收的超声波被转换成为电信号并供给信号处理器212。信号处理器212响应由调谐电路214设定的频率以探测与发射信号频率相对应的回波信号。根据探测的预定频率,信号处理器212向比较器216的反向输入端提供探测器的信号。比较器216的输出端与通道的其他发射器的输出端并联到控制器的显示电子部件100上。
在工作中,微处理器102周期性地向两条通道的超声波收发器发射并行的控制信号并启动计时器。与发射控制信号相对应,每个收发器的发射器都发射超声波信号,该信号使相关传感器向有潜在障碍物或危险的区域发射超声波能。这种超声波能被障碍物反射回来并产生可被传感器接收到的声回波。
与收到的回波相对应,传感器向信号处理器212提供相应的信号。探测器的输出端通过信号处理器212与相应通道的微处理器102相连。此外,微处理器102还接收来自各通道的信号,并通过计时器,确定声波能到达障碍物和从障碍物返回所需的往返时间,微处理器将时间转化成距离,并将计算的距离和该通道的预定临界距离值相比较。
该系统在1.5英寸到超过10英尺的工作范围内,具有1/10英尺的精度和显示分辨率。如果物体到车辆的距离超过十英尺,则因系统范围的限制而排除在外,并由此避免产生向驾驶员发出虚假警告指示。
如果计算距离在临界距离的显示范围之内,则微处理器102将表示障碍物距离的显示器输出信号送至所选单位的相应通道,即英尺或米的显示通道。如果在两个通道的临界距离范围内在相应显示通道上没有探测到出现的障碍物,两个显示器都关闭,并且使显示器中的灯熄灭。
本发明的其他特征包括在反光镜显示单元中设有电子加热部件,以便除去反光镜上的雾、霜和冰,并且为LCD显示器维持一个满意的工作环境。本发明的另一个特征包括在反光镜中形成半镀银显示窗的薄膜反光镜部分,在该部分上,只有在后部被照亮时才能观察到LCD显示器。关闭显示器时因其比环境光线还要黯淡,所以无法观察显示器,因此车辆驾驶员不会受显示器影响,从而该反光镜单元的整个表面将构成可用的成象区域。
概括地说,本发明提供一个障碍物探测和定向系统,其包括反光镜显示单元,该单元和与该单元整体安装的数字显示器相组合为司机提供常规的后视野。数字显示器可通过反光镜内的光学窗进行观察,由此驾驶员无需将他或她的视线从反光镜转移到对显示器进行视察。因为当从车辆到预定距离内没有探测到障碍物时显示器会关闭,所以驾驶员不会受显示器上出现的误指示的干扰。
在对本发明的几个具体实施例进行描述和说明的同时,应该认识到,在不脱离本发明的附加权利要求所确定的真实思想和范围的情况下可以对上面具体说明和描述的实施例的细节作出改进。
例如,尽管上述反光镜显示系统采用LCDs,但也可采用发光二极管而省去各个后照明LEDs。此外,尽管上述的系统包括两个传感器通道,但也可以使用更多或更少通道提供所需危险报警探测区。另外,尽管上面描述了超声波测距系统,其他测距系统也可使用,包括无线电探测和雷达,红外线及无线电收发系统。
尽管已经对本发明进行了详细地描述和说明,但是很显然,这仅仅是用于举例和说明而并不是限制本发明,本发明的思想和范围只由附加的权利要求的条款加以限定。
Claims (35)
1、一种车辆距离测量系统,包括:
距离测量装置,用于探测到达物体的距离并相应提供一距离信号;和
显示装置,包括
(i)一个车辆反光镜,具有一个图象反射表面,该表面上设有窗口部分,和
(ii)一个安装在所说车辆反光镜上和通过所说的窗口可观察的数字显示器,并且所说的数字显示器响应所说的距离信号以便显示所检测的物体的距离。
2、根据权利要求1所述的车辆距离测量系统,进一步包括车辆灯和传感器外壳的组合体,包括:
(ⅰ)一罩体
(ⅱ)一光发射装置,安装到所说的罩体中用于发出可见光
(ⅲ)一传感器,其安装在所说罩体中,用于发射和接收探测信号以便测量达到所说物体的距离;和
(ⅳ)一个透镜,安装到所说的罩体上用于透射所说的可见光。
3、根据权利要求2所述的车辆距离测量系统,其中所说的透镜包括一个与所说传感器对准的孔。
4、根据权利要求1所述的距离测量系统,所说的距离测量装置包括,用于将预设临界距离和所测物体的距离进行比较,并相应供给显示启动信号的装置,所说的数字显示响应所说的显示启动信号以便选择(ⅰ)关闭数字显示器,和(ⅱ)显示被测物体的距离。
5、根据权利要求4所述的车辆距离测量系统,所说的显示装置进一步包括照明装置,响应所说的显示启动信号,用于照亮所说的数字。
6、根据权利要求1所述的车辆距离测量系统,其中,所说的距离测量装置包括:
一个超声波收发器,响应于一个发射信号而发射一超声波,并且接收反射的超声波而相应提供一接收信号;
计时装置,用于测量在所说超声波发射器发射超声波和由所说的超声波收发器接收反射超声波之间的时间周期;和
距离转换装置,响应所测得的时间周期而提供所说的距离信号。
7、根据权利要求6所述的车辆距离测量系统,还包括车灯和传感器的外壳的组合物,包括:
(ⅰ)一罩体
(ⅱ)一光发射装置,安装在所说的罩体中,用于发出可见光;
(ⅲ)用于将所说的超声波收发器装到罩体中的装置;和
(ⅳ)装在罩体中的透镜,用于透射所说的可见光。
8、根据权利要求6所述的车辆距离测量系统,所说的数字显示器包括二-十进制码(BCD码)译码装置,以接收所说的距离信号并且相应提供一显示驱动信号,和一个数字显示器,以响应所说的显示驱动信号以显示被检测的物体的距离。
9、根据权利要求8的所述车辆距离测量系统,其中,所说的数字显示器包括一对液晶显示器(LCDS)。
10、根据权利要求8所述的车辆距离测量系统,其中,所说的数字显示器包括一对发光二极管显示器(LEDS)。
11、根据权利要求1所述的车辆距离测量系统,其中,所说的显示装置包括将所说的显示装置装设到车辆外部的固定装置。
12、根据权利要求1所述的车辆距离测量系统,进一步包括加热装置,用于电加热所说车辆反光镜。
13、根据权利要求1所述的车辆距离测量系统,其中所说的窗口包括一个薄膜反光镜。
14、根据权利要求1所述的车辆距离测量系统,其中所说的窗口是透明的。
15、一种车辆距离测量系统,包括
距离测量装置,包括:
(ⅰ)第一传感器通道,用于探测位于第一空间的物体距离并相应提供一第一传感器信号;和
(ⅱ)处理装置,对应于所说的第一传感器通道,用于提供一个第一距离信号;和一个距离显示系统,包括
(1)车辆后视镜,具有一个图象反射表面及一个位于所说图象反射表面一个部位上的第一透明窗;
(2)第一数字显示器,安装在所说的车辆后视镜上,所说的数字显示器通过第一透明窗进行观察,并且响应所说的第一距离信号显示物体的检测距离。
16、根据权利要求15所述的车辆距离测量系统,其中,所说的处理装置对应于所检测的在设定距离以内的物体提供启动显示信号到所说的数字显示器,所说的第一数字显示器响应所说的启动显示信号以选择地消除和显示所说的检测距离。
17、根据权利要求16所述的车辆距离测量系统,所说的距离显示系统进一步包括显示器照明装置,响应来自所说距离测量装置的启动显示信号,用于照亮所说的数字显示器。
18、根据权利要求16所述的车辆距离测量系统,其中所说的第一数字显示器响应显示启动信号当测定距离大于预定距离时将选择关闭其显示,而当测定距离小于预定距离时则显示所测距离。
19、根据权利要求15所述的车辆距离测量系统,所说的距离显示系统进一步包括显示照明装置,响应来自所说处理装置的信号对所说的数字显示器进行照明。
20、根据权利要求15的所述的车辆距离测量系统,所说的距离测量装置包括第二传感器通道,该通道用于探测位于第二空间的物体的距离,并相应地提供一第二传感器信号,所说的处理装置响应所说的第二传感器通道,用于提供一第二距离信号;
所说的车辆后视镜具有一个位于所说的图象反射表面区域的第二窗口,其与第一窗口隔开,和一个安装在所说的车辆后视镜上的第二数字显示器,所说的数字显示器可通过所说的第二透明窗进行观察,并且对应于用于第二距离信号显示第二检测距离。
21、根据权利要求20所述的车辆距离测量系统,所说的距离测量装置包含显示器关闭装置,相应地根据第一和第二传感器通道在设定的距离之内设有探测到物体的指示而选择性地关闭所说的第一和第二数字显示器。
22、根据权利要求21所述的车辆距离测量系统,进一步包括显示照明装置,响应第一和第二通道分别在所说的设定临界距离范围内测到物体的指示而选择性地对第一和第二数字显示器进行照明。
23、根据权利要求15所述的车辆距离测量系统,所说的第一传感器通道包括:
一个超声波发射器,响应一发射信号而发射超声波;
一个超声波接收器,用以接收反射超声波,并且相应地提供一接收信号;
计时装置,用于测量在所说的超声波发生器发射超声波和所说的超声波接收器接收反射超声波之间的时间周期;以及
距离转换装置,响应所测量的时间周期而发出所说的距离信号。
24、根据权利要求15所述的车辆距离测量系统,其中所说的第一窗口包括一个薄膜反光镜。
25、根据权利要求15所述的车辆距离测量系统,其中,所说的第一窗口是透明的。
26、一种车辆距离测量系统,安装在车辆上用于检测物体的距离,包括:
控制装置,用于提供发射信号和响应接收的回声信号并给出一距离信号;
超声波传感器装置,安装在所说车辆的外表面,并且响应所说的发射信号以便发射超声波,和用以接收反射超声波,并相应地提供所说回波信号;
一个侧视镜,安装在所说的车辆的外侧,用以观察车辆后部的物体,所说的侧视镜包括一个反射表面;以及
一个数字显示器,安装在所说的侧视镜上,并且可通过在所说反射面上的窗口进行观察,所说的数字显示器响应所说的距离信号而显示距离的数字数据。
27、根据权利要求26所述的车辆距离测量系统,所说的控制装置包括显示器关闭装置,根据所接收的回波信号,关闭所述的数字显示器,由此,当在离车辆预定的临界距离内未测到物体时则所说的数字显示器所显示的数字数据被消除。
28、车灯和传感器壳体组件,包括:
一个可安装在车辆上的罩体;
光发射装置,安装在所说的罩体中,用于发出可见光;
一个传感器,安装在所说的罩体中,用于发射和接收测量距离的探测信号;和
一个透镜,安装在罩体上,用于透射所说的可见光和探测信号。
29、根据权利要求28所述的车灯和传感器壳体组件,其中所说的探测信号包含超声波波能。
30、根据权利要求28所述的车灯和传感器壳体组件,进一步包括用于将所说透镜密封到所说罩上的装置以防止污物进入所说的壳体。
31、根据权利要求28所述的车灯和传感器壳体组件,其中所说的传感器包括发射和接收超声波波能的装置。
32、根据权利要求31所述的车灯和传感器的壳体组件,其中所说的透镜包括一个同所说传感器对准的孔。
33、根据权利要求31所述的车灯和传感器壳体组件,其中所说的透镜包括一个可透过可见光的塑料盖,该塑料盖具有一个对于所说的超声波基本上是透明的窗口部分。
34、根据权利要求28所述的车灯和传感器壳体组件,进一步包括用于把所说的罩体安装到车辆外部的装置。
35、根据权利要求28所述的车灯和传感器壳体组件,其中所说的光发射装置包括白炽灯和对所说的白炽灯提供电能的装置。
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CN105578676B (zh) * | 2014-11-05 | 2019-03-29 | 意法半导体(R&D)有限公司 | 包括飞行时间测距系统的照明系统 |
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CN106926780A (zh) * | 2017-04-17 | 2017-07-07 | 贵州大学 | 一种用于消除汽车驾驶员盲区的装置 |
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Also Published As
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IL106210A0 (en) | 1993-11-15 |
AU4664893A (en) | 1994-01-31 |
WO1994001787A1 (en) | 1994-01-20 |
US5793308A (en) | 1998-08-11 |
US5303205A (en) | 1994-04-12 |
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